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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;padding:0;margin-top:-0.25rem;width:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:0.5rem;margin-right:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:1rem;}}.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:2.0625rem;vertical-align:middle;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (max-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{padding:0 0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;max-width:7rem;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 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off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;position:relative;display:block;top:0;left:0;z-index:1;padding:1rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #8A8C8E;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:auto;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:absolute;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js .ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{display:none;}.ssrcss-n7m3zs-StyledLoadingPlaceholderWrapper{min-width:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%;}.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{display:inline-block;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 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18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 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class="ssrcss-pf1qpm-HeaderWrapper eff5ysv0"><a href="/news/bbcindepth" class="ssrcss-ctd1qz-BBCInDepthBrandLink e1wz1n9n1"><img alt="BBC InDepth" loading="eager" src="https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/core/website/assets/static/articles/bbc-in-depth-logo.87a26ad1ad5f4a019b3b.svg" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></a><div class="ssrcss-1m8wg1s-HeadingWrapper e1wz1n9n8"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headlineAlternative" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1xg4l7r-Heading e10rt3ze0"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Return of unpredictable president puts UK defence spending top of agenda</p></h1></div><div class="ssrcss-p1x80k-MetadataStripWrapper e1wz1n9n7"><ul class="ssrcss-195mc3u-MetadataStripList e1wz1n9n6"><li><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</span><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2024-11-09T15:38:55.809Z">9 November 2024</time></span></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1t9jjvj-ImageBox e1wz1n9n5"><div class="ssrcss-1sk2upk-SquareImageWrapper e1wz1n9n2"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 1920w" type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw"/><img alt="A treated collage image featuring, at the top, a Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet alongside a missile on its launch ramp, and along the bottom, an image of the HMS Prince of Wales aircraft carrier." loading="eager" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/2560/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/94ba/live/66aea3c0-9dd9-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 1920w" width="2560" height="2560" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div></div></header><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1d4ve09-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e8mq1e917"><div class="ssrcss-19r1h8t-ContributorContainer e8mq1e916"><div class="ssrcss-1bsxjdu-Container-ContributorPhoto e8mq1e912"><div class="ssrcss-1f4spe2-ImageWrapper e8mq1e911"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/cd9f/live/ef3bade0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 160w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Laura Kuenssberg" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/cd9f/live/ef3bade0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/cd9f/live/ef3bade0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 160w" width="160" height="160" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1qc7pto-Container-ContributorDetails e8mq1e913"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e8mq1e96"><div class="ssrcss-1q14p6q-LinkWithChevronContainer e8mq1e91"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cvrkv4xr81qt" class="ssrcss-lo1ylm-StyledLink e8mq1e92">Laura Kuenssberg</a><span class="ssrcss-o1g7k8-IconContainer-IconContainerChevron e8mq1e93"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M21.6 14.3 5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7z"></path></svg></span></div></div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910">Presenter, Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910"><div class="ssrcss-1q14p6q-LinkWithChevronContainer e8mq1e91"><a href="https://twitter.com/bbclaurak" class="ssrcss-lo1ylm-StyledLink e8mq1e92">@bbclaurak</a><span class="ssrcss-86zs3k-IconContainer-IconContainerChevron e8mq1e93"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M21.6 14.3 5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7z"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e8mq1e915"></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">You’re probably used to politicians telling you we’re living in the most dangerous times for decades.</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But who’s going to pay for our protection?</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Donald Trump is a lot less willing than the current president to pay for other countries’ defence.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">As one UK source told me, “it doesn’t make sense for Europe’s defence interests to be dependent on a few thousand votes in Pennsylvania.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">So Trump's return puts this question right to the top of the list.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The UK government does plan, eventually, to hit the target the Conservatives committed to - of spending 2.5% of the size of the economy on defence, a level last hit back in 2010.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But there’s a defence review underway, and a spending review of every penny spent in Whitehall to get through first.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They’re expected to come one after the other, next spring.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">John Healey, the defence secretary, was granted an extra £3bn in the Budget, which is a chunky sum of money - but in terms of defence spending, not a transformative amount of cash.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And it’s only a top-up for a year, with no certainty over long-term funding.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A former minister said: “It’s very hard to order for the years ahead - how long can we be talking, when the need is now?”</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves operates a Max Evo drone as Defence Secretary John Healey (R) looks on at the Stanford Training Area " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/46a0/live/fade2ab0-9dda-11ef-82c3-45a801b7330b.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Pictured with Defence Secretary John Healey (R), Rachel Reeves pledged nearly £3bn in additional funding for the military</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The government will not say when they expect to hit the 2.5% target - and won’t commit to hitting it before the end of the Parliament in 2029 - causing frustration in some quarters.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A senior source said “you either believe it is the most dangerous time in decades and you fund it properly, or you just don’t really believe it, so you don’t.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And earlier on the Today programme, former Defence Secretary Ben Wallace accused Labour of making an effective “cut in our defence budget” by including £3bn of Ukraine funding in it.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">If Labour reach the 2.5% target, he said he’d welcome it, “but it’s got to be real money with a timetable”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There is little disagreement that more resources are needed.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">John Healey himself has acknowledged the military “have not been ready to fight”. A squeeze on funding over many years had made money tight – the forces “hollowed out”, according to Wallace.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The UK’s support for Ukraine, which has almost universal political support at home, has added to pressure.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-1syj6ok-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-mh3hvv-InContentLinksGrid e3eyuya3"><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/cn02plzv90po" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Minister warns of 'tough choices' on defence spending</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">3 September</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/cervpedjejwo" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">PM agrees with Army chief's warning of 'volatile' world</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">24 July</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/c035d05je2jo" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">UK must be ready to fight war in three years, says Army head</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">23 July</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></section></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">According to the National Audit Office, the UK has committed nearly £8 billion to Ukraine - air defence missiles, drones, cruise missiles, tanks and ships, as well as clothing and personal equipment.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another former minister told me that funding “is absolutely urgent – it is urgent to help Ukraine but the most urgent is where our forces are in danger – it’s not hypothetical, in the Red Sea the Houthis are firing at our ships.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And shortly before the election, the government’s new national security adviser Jonathan Powell wrote that a new administration would need to reinforce the UK’s defence and security “within the bounds allowed by a struggling economy”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some insiders argue rising threats around the world mean the UK should spend way more than 2.5% in any case.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another former minister told me, “by any measure we are underspending – if you don’t buy the insurance policy you end up having to pay yourself and the cost of real conflicts would be immense in comparison”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A defence source told me, “we are going to have to make a move on spending or we can put our fingers in our ears and hope we get through it – the Treasury has to do the maths on this – the way to stop spending 5 percent of GDP in the future is to spend now.”</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Conservative leader, Kemi Badenoch" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/537d/live/21470350-9ddd-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Kemi Badenoch criticised Keir Starmer during PMQs for not committing to a defence spending target of 2.5% of GDP by 2030</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="How-its-spent" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">How it's spent</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But it’s not just about how much money goes to defence - it’s also about how it’s spent.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Recent history is littered with examples of Ministry of Defence projects that overrun and overspend, some in eye-watering proportions.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">One insider told me, “the worst thing we could do is spend more and spend it badly … the number needs to go up but we absolutely need to get a proper grip of procurement.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Several sources mentioned with some pride, and indeed surprise, the way the MoD had worked effectively and quickly with Ukraine to get the right kit into their hands quickly.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">One said the MoD had “proved it can spend cash well but it needs to show it can do it consistently”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another said the British military had to shed its culture where “only the most exquisitely perfect products may be bought”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The MoD reckons it can crack down on waste and improve the way things are bought and paid for with new more centralised methods – even hiring a new national armaments director to manage this.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">As methods of warfare evolve on the battlefield, so too do the ways militaries respond with kit.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A former minister said: “forget your big new fantasy regiment – we can make what we have more lethal” instead.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The government says it wants to shake up and sort out the mess that defence procurement has become. But there is no doubt that is easier said than done.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Power-era" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Power era</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">While as a political party, Labour is instinctively uncomfortable with Donald Trump’s re-election, when it comes to defence there is some sympathy with his attitude towards European defence funding.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">One insider said, “put on your incontinence pants, don’t listen to the rest of his politics, it’s none of our business.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another source told me, “Trump set a challenge to Europe last time and he was in part right to,” pointing out that after his term in office the number of Nato countries which hit the target of spending at least 2% of their GDP on defence did go up.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Twenty-three now meet the 2% target, up from just six countries in 2021.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Rather than worrying about what Trump might do in office, they said, “a precondition for Trump to take European defence seriously is for Europe to take its own defence seriously.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">It’s hard to see how that does not mean more countries on the continent spending more of their own cash.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“Let’s not kid ourselves, Nato does deter Russia, and we have to make sure that happens,” said a defence source.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">America’s role in our security is vital. But sources in government acknowledge that Europe, with conflict on its fringes, must play a vigorous financial part.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Eager to be seen as the leader in Nato, the UK is taking steps to boost defence cooperation across the continent – leaders recently signed a <a href="/news/articles/cy808e4p9j9o" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">“landmark defence agreement” with Germany</a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Donald Trump’s return to the White House sets nerves jangling across the Atlantic about what it will mean for Nato, what it will mean for the US committment to support for Ukraine in terms of diplomacy and cold hard cash.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There is instinctive political unease here with his behaviour, his attitude to the law, convention, and the truth. But perhaps in the words of one source “it’s not a rule of law era, it’s a power era”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Before the Trump victory, there were already profound questions for our politicians about how they protect our interests.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The imperative to answer them is stronger now the unpredictable president is on his way back.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Perhaps the UK and the rest of Europe may need to display and pay for more of its own power to have a chance of getting the Trump White House on board.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-vcsx3p-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Subscribe to Laura Kuenssberg's weekly email " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png 976w" width="1920" height="316" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div 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https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Grey presentational line " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/999/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/05b1/live/c2533ff0-9db2-11ef-8538-e1655f5a8342.png 480w, 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Parliament in 2029 - causing frustration in some quarters.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The government will not say when they expect to hit the 2.5% target - and won’t commit to hitting it before the end of the Parliament in 2029 - causing frustration in some quarters.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A senior source said “you either believe it is the most dangerous time in decades and you fund it properly, or you just don’t really believe it, so you don’t.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A senior source said “you either believe it is the most dangerous time in decades and you fund it properly, or you just don’t really believe it, so you don’t.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And earlier on the Today programme, former Defence Secretary Ben Wallace accused Labour of making an effective “cut in our defence budget” by including £3bn of Ukraine funding in it.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And earlier on the Today programme, former Defence Secretary Ben Wallace accused Labour of making an effective “cut in our defence budget” by including £3bn of Ukraine funding in it.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Labour reach the 2.5% target, he said he’d welcome it, “but it’s got to be real money with a timetable”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Labour reach the 2.5% target, he said he’d welcome it, “but it’s got to be real money with a timetable”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is little disagreement that more resources are needed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is little disagreement that more resources are needed.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"John Healey himself has acknowledged the military “have not been ready to fight”. A squeeze on funding over many years had made money tight – the forces “hollowed out”, according to Wallace.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"John Healey himself has acknowledged the military “have not been ready to fight”. A squeeze on funding over many years had made money tight – the forces “hollowed out”, according to Wallace.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The UK’s support for Ukraine, which has almost universal political support at home, has added to pressure.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The UK’s support for Ukraine, which has almost universal political support at home, has added to pressure.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"links\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"Minister warns of 'tough choices' on defence spending\",\"metadataStripItems\":[{\"label\":\"Published\",\"text\":\"3 September\"}],\"url\":\"/news/articles/cn02plzv90po\",\"service\":\"news\"}},{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"PM agrees with Army chief's warning of 'volatile' world\",\"metadataStripItems\":[{\"label\":\"Published\",\"text\":\"24 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equipment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another former minister told me that funding “is absolutely urgent – it is urgent to help Ukraine but the most urgent is where our forces are in danger – it’s not hypothetical, in the Red Sea the Houthis are firing at our ships.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another former minister told me that funding “is absolutely urgent – it is urgent to help Ukraine but the most urgent is where our forces are in danger – it’s not hypothetical, in the Red Sea the Houthis are firing at our ships.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And shortly before the election, the government’s new national security adviser Jonathan Powell wrote that a new administration would need to reinforce the UK’s defence and security “within the bounds allowed by a struggling economy”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And shortly before the election, the government’s new national security adviser Jonathan Powell wrote that a new administration would need to reinforce the UK’s defence and security “within the bounds allowed by a struggling economy”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some insiders argue rising threats around the world mean the UK should spend way more than 2.5% in any case.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some insiders argue rising threats around the world mean the UK should spend way more than 2.5% in any case.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another former minister told me, “by any measure we are underspending – if you don’t buy the insurance policy you end up having to pay yourself and the cost of real conflicts would be immense in comparison”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another former minister told me, “by any measure we are underspending – if you don’t buy the insurance policy you end up having to pay yourself and the cost of real conflicts would be immense in comparison”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A defence source told me, “we are going to have to make a move on spending or we can put our fingers in our ears and hope we get through it – the Treasury has to do the maths on this – the way to stop spending 5 percent of GDP in the future is to spend now.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A defence source told me, “we are going to have to make a move on spending or we can put our fingers in our ears and hope we get through it – the Treasury has to do the maths on this – the way to stop spending 5 percent of GDP in the future is to spend now.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kemi Badenoch criticised Keir Starmer during PMQs for not committing to a defence spending 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littered with examples of Ministry of Defence projects that overrun and overspend, some in eye-watering proportions.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One insider told me, “the worst thing we could do is spend more and spend it badly … the number needs to go up but we absolutely need to get a proper grip of procurement.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One insider told me, “the worst thing we could do is spend more and spend it badly … the number needs to go up but we absolutely need to get a proper grip of procurement.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Several sources mentioned with some pride, and indeed surprise, the way the MoD had worked effectively and quickly with Ukraine to get the right kit into their hands quickly.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Several sources mentioned with some pride, and indeed surprise, the way the MoD had worked effectively and quickly with Ukraine to get the right kit into their hands quickly.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One said the MoD had “proved it can spend cash well but it needs to show it can do it consistently”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One said the MoD had “proved it can spend cash well but it needs to show it can do it consistently”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another said the British military had to shed its culture where “only the most exquisitely perfect products may be bought”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another said the British military had to shed its culture where “only the most exquisitely perfect products may be bought”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The MoD reckons it can crack down on waste and improve the way things are bought and paid for with new more centralised methods – even hiring a new national armaments director to manage this.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The MoD reckons it can crack down on waste and improve the way things are bought and paid for with new more centralised methods – even hiring a new national armaments director to manage this.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As methods of warfare evolve on the battlefield, so too do the ways militaries respond with kit.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As methods of warfare evolve on the battlefield, so too do the ways militaries respond with kit.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A former minister said: “forget your big new fantasy regiment – we can make what we have more lethal” instead.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A former minister said: “forget your big new fantasy regiment – we can make what we have more lethal” instead.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The government says it wants to shake up and sort out the mess that defence procurement has become. But there is no doubt that is easier said than done.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The government says it wants to shake up and sort out the mess that defence procurement has become. But there is no doubt that is easier said than done.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Power era\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Power era\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Power-era\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While as a political party, Labour is instinctively uncomfortable with Donald Trump’s re-election, when it comes to defence there is some sympathy with his attitude towards European defence funding.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While as a political party, Labour is instinctively uncomfortable with Donald Trump’s re-election, when it comes to defence there is some sympathy with his attitude towards European defence funding.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One insider said, “put on your incontinence pants, don’t listen to the rest of his politics, it’s none of our business.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One insider said, “put on your incontinence pants, don’t listen to the rest of his politics, it’s none of our business.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another source told me, “Trump set a challenge to Europe last time and he was in part right to,” pointing out that after his term in office the number of Nato countries which hit the target of spending at least 2% of their GDP on defence did go up.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another source told me, “Trump set a challenge to Europe last time and he was in part right to,” pointing out that after his term in office the number of Nato countries which hit the target of spending at least 2% of their GDP on defence did go up.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Twenty-three now meet the 2% target, up from just six countries in 2021.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Twenty-three now meet the 2% target, up from just six countries in 2021.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Rather than worrying about what Trump might do in office, they said, “a precondition for Trump to take European defence seriously is for Europe to take its own defence seriously.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Rather than worrying about what Trump might do in office, they said, “a precondition for Trump to take European defence seriously is for Europe to take its own defence seriously.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It’s hard to see how that does not mean more countries on the continent spending more of their own cash.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It’s hard to see how that does not mean more countries on the continent spending more of their own cash.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Let’s not kid ourselves, Nato does deter Russia, and we have to make sure that happens,” said a defence source.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Let’s not kid ourselves, Nato does deter Russia, and we have to make sure that happens,” said a defence source.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"America’s role in our security is vital. But sources in government acknowledge that Europe, with conflict on its fringes, must play a vigorous financial part.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"America’s role in our security is vital. But sources in government acknowledge that Europe, with conflict on its fringes, must play a vigorous financial part.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Eager to be seen as the leader in Nato, the UK is taking steps to boost defence cooperation across the continent – leaders recently signed a “landmark defence agreement” with Germany.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Eager to be seen as the leader in Nato, the UK is taking steps to boost defence cooperation across the continent – leaders recently signed a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“landmark defence agreement” with Germany\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“landmark defence agreement” with Germany\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/cy808e4p9j9o\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump’s return to the White House sets nerves jangling across the Atlantic about what it will mean for Nato, what it will mean for the US committment to support for Ukraine in terms of diplomacy and cold hard cash.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump’s return to the White House sets nerves jangling across the Atlantic about what it will mean for Nato, what it will mean for the US committment to support for Ukraine in terms of diplomacy and cold hard cash.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is instinctive political unease here with his behaviour, his attitude to the law, convention, and the truth. But perhaps in the words of one source “it’s not a rule of law era, it’s a power era”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is instinctive political unease here with his behaviour, his attitude to the law, convention, and the truth. But perhaps in the words of one source “it’s not a rule of law era, it’s a power era”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Before the Trump victory, there were already profound questions for our politicians about how they protect our interests.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Before the Trump victory, there were already profound questions for our politicians about how they protect our interests.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The imperative to answer them is stronger now the unpredictable president is on his way back.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The imperative to answer them is stronger now the unpredictable president is on his way back.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Perhaps the UK and the rest of Europe may need to display and pay for more of its own power to have a chance of getting the Trump White House on board.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Perhaps the UK and the rest of Europe may need to display and pay for more of its own power to have a chance of getting the Trump White House on board.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Subscribe to Laura Kuenssberg's weekly email\\n\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":316,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8479/live/aa146ea0-9db2-11ef-9260-19e6a950e830.png.webp 624w, 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