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<li id="toc-Bourbon_Restoration_(1814–1830)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bourbon_Restoration_(1814–1830)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bourbon_Restoration_(1814–1830)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimists_under_the_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Legitimists under the July Monarchy (1830–1848)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_Second_Republic_and_the_Second_Empire_(1848–1871)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimists_under_the_Second_Republic_and_the_Second_Empire_(1848–1871)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Legitimists under the Second Republic and the Second Empire (1848–1871)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_Second_Republic_and_the_Second_Empire_(1848–1871)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_Third_Republic_(1871–1940)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimists_under_the_Third_Republic_(1871–1940)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Legitimists under the Third Republic (1871–1940)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimists_under_the_Third_Republic_(1871–1940)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimists_under_Vichy_and_after_World_War_II_(1940–1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimists_under_Vichy_and_after_World_War_II_(1940–1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Legitimists under Vichy and after World War II (1940–1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimists_under_Vichy_and_after_World_War_II_(1940–1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimism_from_1989_to_present,_under_the_pretendence_of_Louis_de_Bourbon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimism_from_1989_to_present,_under_the_pretendence_of_Louis_de_Bourbon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Legitimism from 1989 to present, under the pretendence of Louis de Bourbon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimism_from_1989_to_present,_under_the_pretendence_of_Louis_de_Bourbon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Bourbons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Bourbons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spanish Bourbons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Bourbons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynastic_arguments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynastic_arguments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dynastic arguments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynastic_arguments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Legitimist_claimants_to_the_French_throne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Legitimist_claimants_to_the_French_throne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of Legitimist claimants to the French throne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Legitimist_claimants_to_the_French_throne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Легітымізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Легітымізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Легитимизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Легитимизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimisme" title="Legitimisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Legitimisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimismus" title="Legitimismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Legitimismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimismus" title="Legitimismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legitimismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimismo_(Francia)" title="Legitimismo (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Legitimismo (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مشروعه خواهان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشروعه خواهان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gitimisme" title="Légitimisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Légitimisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%ED%86%B5%EC%99%95%EB%8B%B9%ED%8C%8C" title="정통왕당파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정통왕당파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gitimistes" title="Légitimistes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Légitimistes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legittimismo" title="Legittimismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legittimismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="לגיטימיסטים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לגיטימיסטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლეგიტიმიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეგიტიმიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimizmus" title="Legitimizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Legitimizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimisten_(Frankrijk)" title="Legitimisten (Frankrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Legitimisten (Frankrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0" title="レジティミスム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レジティミスム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimistene" title="Legitimistene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Legitimistene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitymizm" title="Legitymizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Legitymizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimismo_franc%C3%AAs" title="Legitimismo francês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Legitimismo francês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Легитимизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Легитимизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Legitimists" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimismi" title="Legitimismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Legitimismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimism" title="Legitimism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Legitimism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Легітимізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легітимізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejitimismo" title="Lejitimismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lejitimismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)" title="正统派 (法国) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正统派 (法国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q877884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Legitimists_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Legitimists (disambiguation)">Legitimists (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard,_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_(legitimist_version_since_1962)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg/250px-Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg/330px-Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg/500px-Royal_Standard%2C_raised_in_the_presence_of_the_King_of_France_%28legitimist_version_since_1962%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Legitimist flag bearing the great arms of the Legitimist pretender to the crown of France since 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Legitimists</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Légitimistes</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">royalists</a> who adhere to the rights of <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic succession">dynastic succession</a> to the <a href="/wiki/French_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="French crown">French crown</a> of the descendants of the eldest branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reject the claim of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a> of 1830–1848 which placed <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléans</a> <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the Bourbon dynasty, on the throne until he too was dethroned and driven with his family into exile. </p><p>Following the movement of <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalists</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> of 1814, Legitimists came to form one of France's three main <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> factions, which were principally characterized by their <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionary</a> views. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">René Rémond</a>, the other two right-wing factions were the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bonapartist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartist">Bonapartists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legitimists believe that the traditional rules of succession, based on the <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>, determine the rightful <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a>. The last ruling king whom Legitimists acknowledge as legitimate was <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a>, and when the line of his heirs became extinct in 1883 with the death of his grandson <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a>, the most senior heir to the throne according to the <a href="/wiki/Blancs_d%27Espagne" title="Blancs d'Espagne">Blancs d'Espagne</a> was <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a>, a descendant of Louis XIV through his grandson <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>. </p><p>The fact that all Legitimist claimants since 1883 have been members of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spanish royal dynasty</a>, the allegation that their patrilineal descent from <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> has been in question since 1936, and the belief that Philip V renounced claims to the French throne for himself and his heirs-male in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>, are all irrelevant according to Legitimists; however, these facts have prompted other French royalists to pivot to support of the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléans line</a>, who would be next in the traditional line of succession if Philip V's heirs were excluded. </p><p>The current Legitimist <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> is <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou</a>, the senior great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII of Spain</a> by male <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>, whose line was excluded from the Spanish succession due to the physical disability, political commitments, and <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatic marriage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Prince Jacques, Duke of Anjou and Segovia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Legitimists" title="Special:EditPage/Legitimists">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_(Common).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heraldic royal crown"><img alt="Heraldic royal crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/120px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/250px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Central concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">Royal prerogative</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_system" title="Abdication system">Abdication system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Chinese Legalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_monarchy" title="Composite monarchy">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowned_republic" title="Crowned republic">Crowned republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy" title="Dual monarchy">Dual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duchy" title="Grand duchy">Grand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">Dynastic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_monarchy" title="Popular monarchy">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">Real union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">Coregency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria">Signoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">Tetrarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">Triarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_monarchy" title="Universal monarchy">Universal</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <p><b>Philosophers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cr%C3%A9tineau-Joly" title="Jacques Crétineau-Joly">Crétineau-Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Youwei" title="Kang Youwei">Youwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mu%C3%B1oz_Seca" title="Pedro Muñoz Seca">Seca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Bogdanor" title="Vernon Bogdanor">Bogdanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a></li></ul> <p><b>Works</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_regno,_ad_regem_Cypri" title="De regno, ad regem Cypri">De Regno</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1265-1266)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1313)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Six_livres_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Six livres de la République">Les Six livres de la République</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1576)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1651)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriarcha" title="Patriarcha">Patriarcha</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1680)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2001)</span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Mazarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Ruffo" title="Fabrizio Ruffo">Ruffo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ercole_Consalvi" title="Ercole Consalvi">Consalvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_duc_de_Richelieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu">Plessis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Mella" title="Juan Vázquez de Mella">Mella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertand_Renouvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertand Renouvin">Renouvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Zourabichvili</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus#Octavian_becomes_Augustus" title="Augustus">Birth of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Foundation of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarist autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Birth of the Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate_of_1813" title="Triumvirate of 1813">Establishment of the Dutch monarchy</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trienio_Liberal" title="Trienio Liberal">Trienio Liberal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">German unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="5 October 1910 Revolution">5 October 1910 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_(Brazil)" title="Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)">Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Chinese Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Siamese revolution of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Birth of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia" title="Modern Cambodia">Modern Cambodia</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Polity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Administration</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_appointment" title="Court appointment">Appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Officers_of_State" title="Great Officers of State">Great Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinue" title="Retinue">Retinue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camarilla" title="Camarilla">Camarilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">Courtier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">Favourite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_guard" title="Royal guard">Royal guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">Privy council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Crown Council (disambiguation)">Crown Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhzen" title="Makhzen">Makhzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A5d" title="Riksråd">Riksråd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightened absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">National variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Brazil" title="Monarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Canada" title="Monarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legitimism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Georgia" title="Monarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_German-speaking_countries" title="Monarchism in German-speaking countries">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Bavaria_after_1918" title="Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918">Bavaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Iran" title="Monarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li>Low Countries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Belgium)" title="Orangism (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Dutch_Republic)" title="Orangism (Dutch Republic)">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Orangism (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Luxembourg)" title="Orangism (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Mexico" title="Monarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguelist" title="Miguelist">Miguelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Romania" title="Monarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Serbia" title="Monarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsism" title="Alfonsism">Alfonsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Tory" title="High Tory">High</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Monarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_dynasties" title="Lists of dynasties">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">Descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_trees" title="List of family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_bastard" title="Royal bastard">Illegitimate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">Figurehead</a></li> <li>Heir <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">presumptive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">Kingmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchies" title="List of current monarchies">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_monarchies" title="List of former monarchies">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">Non-sovereign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">Peerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_of_the_realm" title="Peer of the realm">Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher_king" title="Philosopher king">Philosopher king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_former_ruling_families" title="List of heads of former ruling families">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">Realm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regicide" title="Regicide">Regicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_list" title="Regnal list">Regnal list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_number" title="Regnal number">Regnal number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">Anti-king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis" title="Succession crisis">Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">Usurper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_usurpers" title="List of usurpers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_France" title="Category:Conservatism in France">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in France</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism#French_integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#France" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary#France" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolution</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme#France" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">Restauration</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)#France" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Politique_naturelle#The_natural_order" title="La Politique naturelle">Natural order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism" title="Sovereigntism">Souverainisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchiens" title="Monarchiens">Monarchiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_and_Royal_Armies" title="Catholic and Royal Armies">Catholic and Royal Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></i></span> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouan</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">First White Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Jehu" title="Companions of Jehu">Companions of Jehu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_White_Terror" title="Second White Terror">Second White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-royalists">Ultra-royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Daudet_affair" title="Philippe Daudet affair">Philippe Daudet affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_The_Republicans_alliance_crisis" title="2024 The Republicans alliance crisis">2024 The Republicans alliance crisis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Ballanche" title="Pierre-Simon Ballanche">Ballanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" title="Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly">Barbey d'Aurevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blanc_de_Saint-Bonnet" title="Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet">Blanc de Saint-Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boutang" title="Pierre Boutang">Boutang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bruckner" title="Pascal Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruneti%C3%A8re" title="Ferdinand Brunetière">Brunetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cau_(writer)" title="Jean Cau (writer)">Cau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Denis_Fustel_de_Coulanges" title="Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges">Fustel de Coulanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dum%C3%A9zil" title="Georges Dumézil">Dumézil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Fabr%C3%A8gues" title="Jean de Fabrègues">de Fabrègues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Freund" title="Julien Freund">Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Girardet" title="Raoul Girardet">Girardet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_thinking_of_Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau">Social thinking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Houellebecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Jouvenel" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel">de Jouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Jules Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lugan" title="Bernard Lugan">Lugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Madiran" title="Jean Madiran">Madiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_Augustin_Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bénédict Augustin Morel">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Maffesoli" title="Michel Maffesoli">Maffesoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nimier" title="Roger Nimier">Nimier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Poulat" title="Émile Poulat">Poulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">Rémond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">de Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rueff" title="Jacques Rueff">Rueff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Salleron" title="Louis Salleron">Salleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">de Tocqueville</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_Illustrating_the_History_of_Jacobinism" title="Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism">Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Christianity" title="The Genius of Christianity">The Genius of Christianity</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1802)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pope_(book)" title="The Pope (book)">The Pope</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1819)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues" title="St Petersburg Dialogues">St Petersburg Dialogues</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1835)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_City" title="The Ancient City">The Ancient City</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1864)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_a_Nation%3F" title="What Is a Nation?">What Is a Nation?</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1882)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowd:_A_Study_of_the_Popular_Mind" title="The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind">The Crowd</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1895)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enqu%C3%AAte_sur_la_monarchie" title="Enquête sur la monarchie">Inquiry into the Monarchy</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1900)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Avenir_de_l%27intelligence" title="L'Avenir de l'intelligence">"The Future of the Intelligentsia"</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Political_Ideas" title="My Political Ideas">My Political Ideas</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reign_of_Quantity_and_the_Signs_of_the_Times" title="The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times">The Reign of Quantity</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1945)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Opium_of_the_Intellectuals" title="The Opium of the Intellectuals">The Opium of the Intellectuals</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1955)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_the_Sacred" title="Violence and the Sacred">Violence and the Sacred</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1972)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Camp_of_the_Saints" title="The Camp of the Saints">The Camp of the Saints</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tyranny_of_Guilt" title="The Tyranny of Guilt">The Tyranny of Guilt</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Suicide" title="The French Suicide">The French Suicide</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2014)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Submission_(novel)" title="Submission (novel)">Submission</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Bellamy" title="François-Xavier Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cathelineau" title="Jacques Cathelineau">Cathelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Ciotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Fou%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yann Fouéré">Fouéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_K%C3%A9rillis" title="Henri de Kérillis">de Kérillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">Political positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">MacMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Peyrefitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Poisson" title="Jean-Frédéric Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">de Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Retailleau" title="Bruno Retailleau">Retailleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque" title="François de La Rocque">de La Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin" title="René de La Tour du Pin">de La Tour du Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent-Marie_Vi%C3%A9not,_Count_of_Vaublanc" title="Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc">de Vaublanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">de Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">de Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Barbier" title="Christophe Barbier">Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buisson" title="Patrick Buisson">Buisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Olivier_Giesbert" title="Franz-Olivier Giesbert">Giesbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_de_Girardin" title="Émile de Girardin">de Girardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs_d%27Escufon" title="Thaïs d'Escufon">d'Escufon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Jamet" title="Dominique Jamet">Jamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_L%C3%A9vy" title="Élisabeth Lévy">Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Marmin" title="Michel Marmin">Marmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Massis" title="Henri Massis">Massis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mougeotte" title="Étienne Mougeotte">Mougeotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nay" title="Catherine Nay">Nay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Obertone" title="Laurent Obertone">Obertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orcival" title="François d'Orcival">d'Orcival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_d%27Ornellas" title="Charlotte d'Ornellas">d'Ornellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pauwels" title="Louis Pauwels">Pauwels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Sastre" title="Peggy Sastre">Sastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9rant" title="Paul Sérant">Sérant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Royale" title="Alliance Royale">Alliance Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Future" title="French Future">French Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_with_Confidence" title="Future with Confidence">Future with Confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants" title="National Centre of Independents and Peasants">National Centre of Independents & Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republicans" title="Senate Republicans">Senate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyons_libres" title="Soyons libres">Soyons libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA,_the_Way_of_the_People" title="VIA, the Way of the People">VIA, the Way of the People</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Agrarian_and_Peasant_Party" title="French Agrarian and Peasant Party">French Agrarian and Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Social_Party" title="French Social Party">French Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_France" title="Movement for France">Movement for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Order" title="Party of Order">Party of Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberal_Action" title="Popular Liberal Action">Popular Liberal Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_France" title="Rally for France">Rally for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">Republican Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Party_(France)" title="Resistance Party (France)">Resistance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(post_Liberation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (post Liberation)">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)</span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Groupement_de_Recherche_et_d%27%C3%89tudes_pour_la_Civilisation_Europ%C3%A9enne" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilisation Européenne">Groupement de Recherche et d'Études<br />pour la Civilisation Européenne</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_and_Liberty_Movement" title="Initiative and Liberty Movement">Initiative and Liberty Movement</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Paris)" title="March for Life (Paris)">March for Life</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Action_Royaliste" title="Nouvelle Action Royaliste">Nouvelle Action Royaliste</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_national_de_la_jeunesse" title="Rassemblement national de la jeunesse">Rassemblement national de la jeunesse</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Student_Cockade" title="Student Cockade">Student Cockade</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDR_group" title="UDR group">UDR group</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_Inter-universitaire" title="Union Nationale Inter-universitaire">Union Nationale Inter-universitaire</a></i></span></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(pre_Liberation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (pre Liberation)">Action Française (pre Liberation)</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cercle_Proudhon" title="Cercle Proudhon">Cercle Proudhon</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussards_(literary_movement)" title="Hussards (literary movement)">Hussards</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27Action_Civique" title="Service d'Action Civique">Service d'Action Civique</a></i></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantico" title="Atlantico">Atlantico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famille_chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Famille chrétienne">Famille chrétienne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89cho_du_Sud" title="L'Écho du Sud">L'Écho du Sud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Libert%C3%A9_(France)" title="La Liberté (France)">La Liberté</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Nation_fran%C3%A7aise" title="La Nation française">La Nation française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(French_newspaper)" title="La Presse (French newspaper)">La Presse</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/14px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/21px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/28px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template talk:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bourbon_Restoration_(1814–1830)"><span id="Bourbon_Restoration_.281814.E2.80.931830.29"></span>Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalists</a></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> in 1814, a strongly restricted <a href="/wiki/Census_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Census suffrage">census suffrage</a> sent to the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a> an <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalist</a> majority in 1815–1816 (<i>la <a href="/wiki/Chambre_introuvable" title="Chambre introuvable">Chambre introuvable</a></i>) and from 1824 to 1827. Known to be more royalist than the <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a> (<i>plus royalistes que le roi</i>), the Ultras were the dominant political faction under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a> (1815–1824) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> (1824–1830). Opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> of Louis XVIII and to the limitation of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>'s power, they hoped to restore the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> and cancel the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> ideas of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. While Louis XVIII hoped to moderate the restoration of the Ancien Régime to make it acceptable to the population, the Ultras would never abandon the dream of an integral restoration, even after the 1830 <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> which set the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléanist</a> branch on the throne and sent the Ultras back to private life in their country chateaux. Their importance during the Restoration was in part due to electoral laws which largely favored them (on one hand a <a href="/wiki/Chambre_des_pairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambre des pairs">Chamber of Peers</a> composed of hereditary members and on the other a Chamber of Deputies elected under a heavily restricted census suffrage which permitted approximately 100,000 voters). </p><p>Louis XVIII's first ministers, who included <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_duc_de_Richelieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu">Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Élie, duc Decazes</a>, were replaced by the <i>Chambre introuvable</i> dominated by the Ultras. Louis XVIII finally decided to dissolve this chaotic assembly, but the new liberals who replaced them were no easier to govern. After the 1820 assassination of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a>, the ultra-<a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> son of the comte d'Artois (Louis XVIII's brother and future Charles X) and a short interval during which Richelieu governed, the Ultras were back in government headed by the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle">Jean-Baptiste de Villèle</a>. </p><p>The death in 1824 of the moderate Louis XVIII emboldened the Ultra faction. In January 1825, Villèle's government passed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sacrilege_Act" title="Anti-Sacrilege Act">Anti-Sacrilege Act</a> which punished by <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death</a> the theft of sacred vessels (with or without consecrated hosts). This anachronistic law (according to <a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Jeanneney" title="Jean-Noël Jeanneney">Jean-Noël Jeanneney</a>) was in the end never applied (except on a minor point) and repealed in the first months of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a>'s reign (1830–1848). The Ultras also wanted to create courts to punish <a href="/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">radicals</a> and passed laws <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">restricting the press</a>. </p><p>After the 1830 July Revolution replaced the Bourbons with the more liberal Orléanist branch, the Ultras' influence declined, although it survived until at least the <a href="/wiki/16_May_1877_crisis" title="16 May 1877 crisis">16 May 1877 crisis</a> and 1879. They softened their views and made the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> their main aim. From 1830 on, they became known as Legitimists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legitimists_under_the_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)"><span id="Legitimists_under_the_July_Monarchy_.281830.E2.80.931848.29"></span>Legitimists under the July Monarchy (1830–1848)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legitimists under the July Monarchy (1830–1848)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a> of 1830 to 1848, when the junior Orléanist branch held the throne, the Legitimists were politically marginalized, many withdrawing from active political life. Until 1844, the situation was complicated by debate as to who the Bourbon heir was, as <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> and his son, the Dauphin <a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis-Antoine</a> had both <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicated</a> during the 1830 Revolution in favor of Charles's young grandson, <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a>. Until the deaths of Charles X and his son in 1836 and 1844, many Legitimists continued to recognize each of them in turn as the rightful king, ahead of Chambord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legitimists_under_the_Second_Republic_and_the_Second_Empire_(1848–1871)"><span id="Legitimists_under_the_Second_Republic_and_the_Second_Empire_.281848.E2.80.931871.29"></span>Legitimists under the Second Republic and the Second Empire (1848–1871)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legitimists under the Second Republic and the Second Empire (1848–1871)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fall of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a> in 1848 led to a strengthening of the Legitimist position. Although the childlessness of Chambord weakened the hand of the Legitimists, they came back into political prominence during the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a>. Legitimists joined with Orleanists to form the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Order" title="Party of Order">Party of Order</a> which dominated parliament from the elections of May 1849 until Bonaparte's coup on 2 December 1851. They formed a prominent part of <a href="/wiki/Odilon_Barrot" title="Odilon Barrot">Odilon Barrot</a>'s ministry from December 1848 to November 1849, and in 1850 were successful in passing the <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Alfred_Pierre,_comte_de_Falloux" title="Frédéric Alfred Pierre, comte de Falloux">Falloux</a> Law which brought the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> back into secondary education. </p><p>Through much of this time there was discussion of fusion with the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanist</a> party in their common interest of a monarchical restoration. This prospect prompted several sons of Louis Philippe to declare their support for Chambord, but fusion was not achieved, and after 1850 the two parties again diverged. The most committed Orléanists supported the candidacy of Louis Philippe's third son, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Prince_of_Joinville" title="François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville">François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">presidency</a> while the Legitimists largely supported allowing <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a> to run for a second term. In spite of this support for Bonaparte's ambitions, they opposed his scheme to restore universal suffrage in the last months of 1851, and their leaders, like those of the Orléanists, were arrested during Bonaparte's coup. </p><p>The period of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> saw the Legitimists once again cast out of active political life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legitimists_under_the_Third_Republic_(1871–1940)"><span id="Legitimists_under_the_Third_Republic_.281871.E2.80.931940.29"></span>Legitimists under the Third Republic (1871–1940)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legitimists under the Third Republic (1871–1940)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nevertheless, the Legitimists remained a significant party within <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elite</a> opinion, attracting the support of the larger part of the remaining <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> aristocracy. After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1870%E2%80%931871)" title="Siege of Paris (1870–1871)">Siege of Paris in 1870 and the 1871</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, the Legitimists returned one final time to political prominence. The <a href="/wiki/1871_French_legislative_election" title="1871 French legislative election">8 February 1871 election</a>, held under <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal manhood suffrage</a>, gave the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> a royalist majority supported by the provinces while all the Parisian deputies were <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a>. This time the Legitimists were able to agree with the Orléanists on a program of fusion largely because of the growing likelihood that the Chambord would die without children. The liberal Orléanists agreed to recognize Chambord as king and the Orléanists claimant himself <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Prince Philippe, Count of Paris</a> (1838–1894) recognized Chambord as head of the French royal house. In return, Legitimists in the Assembly agreed that should Chambord die childless, Philippe d'Orléans would succeed him as king. Unfortunately for French monarchism, Chambord's refusal to accept the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">tricolor</a> as the flag of France and to abandon the <i><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur-de-lys">fleur-de-lys</a></i>, symbol of the Ancien Régime, made restoration impossible until after his death in 1883, by which time the monarchists had long since lost their parliamentary majority due to the <a href="/wiki/16_May_1877_crisis" title="16 May 1877 crisis">16 May 1877 crisis</a>. The death of Chambord effectively dissolved the Legitimists as a political force in France. </p><p>Affected by <a href="/wiki/Sinistrisme" title="Sinistrisme">sinistrisme</a>, few <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">conservatives</a> explicitly called themselves <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> as it became a term associated with the <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolution</a> and anti-republican feelings and by the 1900s was reserved for <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> groups. Those Legitimists who had <a href="/wiki/Rallied_to_the_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallied to the Republic">rallied to the Republic</a> in 1893, after Chambord's death ten years before still called themselves <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Droite constitutionnelle</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">républicaine</i></span> (Constitutional or Republican Right). However, they changed their name in 1899 and entered the <a href="/wiki/1902_French_legislative_election" title="1902 French legislative election">1902 elections</a> under the name <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_lib%C3%A9rale" class="mw-redirect" title="Action libérale">Action libérale</a></i></span> (Liberal Action). By 1910, the only group which openly claimed descent from the right wing gathered only nostalgic royalists. From 1924 on, the term right-wing practically vanished from the parliamentary right's glossary. </p><p>By this time, the vast majority of Legitimists had retired to their country chateaux and abandoned the political arena. Although the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Action française">Action française</a></i></span> (French Action) remained an influential movement throughout the 1930s, its motivations for the restoration of monarchy were quite distinct from older Legitimists' views and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a>' instrumental use of Catholicism set them at odds. Thus, Legitimists participated little in the political events of the 1920s and 1930s, in particular in the <a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="6 February 1934 riots">6 February 1934 riots</a> organized by <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> leagues. The royalist <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocrats</a> clearly distinguished themselves from the new ultra right which was influenced by the emerging movements of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. However, Legitimists joined Maurras in celebrating the fall of the Third Republic after the 1940 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Divine_surprise" title="Divine surprise">divine surprise</a> and many of them entered <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vichy_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy regime">Vichy</a> administration, seeing a golden opportunity to impose a reactionary program in occupied France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legitimists_under_Vichy_and_after_World_War_II_(1940–1989)"><span id="Legitimists_under_Vichy_and_after_World_War_II_.281940.E2.80.931989.29"></span>Legitimists under Vichy and after World War II (1940–1989)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legitimists under Vichy and after World War II (1940–1989)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French royalism largely receded to irrelevance in World War II and beyond. While before World War II, many French conservatives and other members of the right also harbored royalist aspirations, conservative movements dropped this platform during and after the war. Charles de Gaulle's center-rightist <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a> explicitly repudiated monarchism, and far-right organizations disdained the old aristocratic elite. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">René Rémond</a>'s studies of right-wing factions in France, Legitimists strongly supported the Vichy regime; nevertheless, they received little from the Vichy government, and the regime emphasized Catholic traditionalism rather than a return to aristocracy. </p><p>Legitimism revived after the Second World War for several reasons. </p> <ul><li>In 1946, the senior Capetian heir, <a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a>, the eldest surviving son of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a> of Spain, who 13 years earlier had renounced his rights to the throne of Spain on account of his deafness, took up the courtesy title of Duke of Anjou.</li> <li>The academic work of historians like <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Pinoteau" title="Hervé Pinoteau">Hervé Pinoteau</a>, jurists like Guy Augé and Stéphane Rials or genealogists like Patrick Van Kerrebrouck challenging the Orléanist theses have received a certain response from the public.</li> <li>The positions taken by <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1908%E2%80%931999)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)">Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris</a>, in particular in favor of <a href="/wiki/General_de_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="General de Gaulle">General de Gaulle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algerian_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian independence">Algerian independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> shocked certain royalists.</li> <li>During the Capetian millennium of 1987, the then senior Capetian heir, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alfonso de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz</a>, elder son of the aforementioned Infante Jaime, made himself known by presiding over numerous commemorative ceremonies. In the wake of the Capetian millennium, media personalities like Thierry Ardisson popularized Legitimist conceptions.</li></ul> <p>Since the accession of King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> of Spain in 1975, the senior Capetian heirs have not laid claim to the throne of Spain. The Legitimist suitor having had French nationality (which he had since birth, owing to his French mother) in 1987, and passing the nationality on to his son (the current suitor), certain arguments of the partisans of Orléans would have become obsolete. </p><p>According to René Rémond, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a>, founded in 1970, shares aspects with the Legitimist movement. Nevertheless, Legitimism is a largely spent force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legitimism_from_1989_to_present,_under_the_pretendence_of_Louis_de_Bourbon"><span id="Legitimism_from_1989_to_present.2C_under_the_pretendence_of_Louis_de_Bourbon"></span>Legitimism from 1989 to present, under the pretendence of Louis de Bourbon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legitimism from 1989 to present, under the pretendence of Louis de Bourbon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current legitimism has several instances: </p> <ul><li>The private secretariat of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Louis de Bourbon</a>, which takes care of his public affairs (diary, outings and official participation in the various events to which he is invited).</li> <li>The Secretariat also manages the Prince's communication and in particular his official website www.legitimite.fr as well as his presence on social networks.</li> <li>On the cultural level, the Institute of the House of Bourbon (IMB) was founded in 1973 at the request of Jacques-Henri de Bourbon. It was recognized as being of public utility in 1997. Its honorary president is <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou</a> and its president, Charles Emmanuel, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Bauffremont" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Bauffremont">Duke of Bauffremont</a> (born 1946), who succeeded his father in this position. In order to make better known the work of the kings who made France, the IMB organizes symposiums, conferences, travel exhibitions, and various commemorations. It also has a sponsorship and heritage protection action (commemorative plaques, restoration of graves, monuments, etc.)</li> <li>The Union of Legitimist Circles of France (UCLF), founded in 1979 by Gérard Saclier de La Bâtie. Its objective is to encourage the study of French historical legitimacy and to make the monarchy known. It brings together a large number of associations and circles and organizes political training days and demonstrations.</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le <a href="/wiki/Cercle_d%27action_legitimiste" title="Cercle d'action legitimiste">Cercle d'action legitimiste</a></i></span> (CAL), founded in 2012 by Loïc Baverel. Originally conceived as a branch of the UCLF, Loïc Baverel wanted to change militant methods by creating his own Circle. The objective of the CAL is political and aims to professionalize the militant approach in order to promote Legitimist principles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_Bourbons">Spanish Bourbons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spanish Bourbons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blancs_d%27Espagne" title="Blancs d'Espagne">Blancs d'Espagne</a></div> <p>A remnant of Legitimists, known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Blancs d'Espagne</i></span> (Whites of Spain), by repudiating <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a>'s renunciation of the French throne as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_vires" title="Ultra vires">ultra vires</a></i></span> and contrary to the fundamental French monarchical law, upheld the rights of the eldest branch of the Bourbons, represented as of 1883 by the <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> pretender to the Spanish throne. This group was initially minuscule, but it began to grow larger after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> due both to the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">political leftism</a> of the Orléanist pretender <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1908%E2%80%931999)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)">Henri, Count of Paris</a> and to the active efforts of the claimants of the elder line after extinction of the Carlist male line—<a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a>, the disinherited second son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII of Spain</a>; and his son <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Prince Alphonse, Duke of Anjou</a>—to secure Legitimist support, such that by the 1980s the elder line had fully reclaimed for its supporters the political title of Legitimists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Spanish-born <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Prince Luis Alfonso</a> is the Bourbon whom the French Legitimists consider to be the <i>de jure</i> king of France under the name <i>Louis XX</i>. A 1987 attempt<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the Orléanist heir (and other Bourbons, none of the elder branch) to contest Louis-Alphonse's use of the Anjou title<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to deny him use of the plain <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of France was dismissed by the French courts in March 1989 for lack of jurisdiction (the courts did not address the merits of the claims). He is a French citizen through his paternal grandmother and is generally recognised as the senior legitimate representative of the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">House of Capet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynastic_arguments">Dynastic arguments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dynastic arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Legitimists consider the valid rationale for restoration and the order of succession to the French throne derives from fundamental laws of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>, which were formed in the early centuries of the Capetian monarchy. </p><p>According to these rules, monarchy is the basic form of government and the monarch the indispensable executive of government, succession to the throne being hereditary and passing by <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic</a> <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. Thus, females and any male who is not the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">premier né</i></span> (i.e. the legitimate eldest descendant of the most senior Capetian line) are excluded from the throne. The king must also be Catholic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Legitimists#Dubious" title="Talk:Legitimists">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other tenets of the Legitimist position are the following: </p> <ul><li>Continuity (or immediacy) of the crown as upon the death of a monarch his heir automatically and immediately becomes king without the need of any formal act of investiture and even if political circumstances would not allow him to actually take power.</li> <li>Unavailability (or inalienability) of the crown as it is not the personal property of the king, therefore nobody, not even the king himself, can alter the line of succession by abdication, renunciation, or appointment of an heir of his own choosing. This argument is crucial for Legitimists regarding the continuing validity of the rights of succession of the Spanish line of Philip V and his descendants. According to this view, Philip's renunciation of his rights of succession to the French throne in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> of 1713 was null and void and therefore his descendants still retain their claim to the French throne ahead of the Orléans line.</li></ul> <p>It has been a point of contention within the Legitimist camp to what extent French nationality constitutes a precondition for royal succession. While adherents of the Spanish Anjou line argue that princes of foreign nationality can still succeed to the French crown,<sup id="cite_ref-sainty_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sainty-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others hold that French nationality of both the claimant and his ancestors is a requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-dumoulin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumoulin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-velde1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-velde1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Legitimist_claimants_to_the_French_throne">List of Legitimist claimants to the French throne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of Legitimist claimants to the French throne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1870s, the rival Legitimist and Orléanist claimants agreed for the sake of restoration of the monarchy in France to end their rivalry. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris</a> and grandson of Louis Philippe I, accepted the prior claim to the throne of Chambord, who remained childless; Chambord in turn acknowledged that Philippe would claim the right to succeed him as heir, and after his death many Legitimists accepted the descendants of Philippe as the rightful pretenders and became known as Unionists.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those Legitimists who did not accept the Orléanist line as the successors of Chambord argued that the renunciation of the French throne by Philip V of Spain, second grandson of Louis XIV, was invalid; in 1883 (when Chambord died childless), the throne passed by right to Philip V's heirs in the male-line. In 1883, the senior male of the Spanish branch of Bourbons was <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a>. His father, <a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Molina">Infante Carlos, Count of Molina</a> (second son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a>: grandson of Philip V), had lost Spain's throne in favour of his niece, the <a href="/wiki/Salic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic Law">non-Salic</a> heiress of his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II</a> and his lineage became known as the <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> pretenders in Spain. </p><p>When the Carlist branch died out in 1936, the French claim was reunited with that of the Isabelline Spanish line through her grandson <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XIII of Spain">Alfonso XIII of Spain</a>, who was also (officially) the grandson of her consort <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz</a> (grandson Charles IV via his third son, <a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_de_Paula_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain">Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain</a>) and thus the most senior male-line descendant of Philip V (although by that time Alfonso had been dethroned by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>). The French and Spanish claims separated again at Alfonso's death as his eldest surviving son <a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a> renounced his claim to the Spanish throne due to physical disability and some years later asserted a claim to the French succession based on Legitimist principles. The present French Legitimist claimant descends from Jaime while the present king of Spain descends from his younger brother Don Juan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:22%;">Claimant </th> <th style="width:105px;">Portrait </th> <th>Birth </th> <th style="width:25%;">Marriages </th> <th style="width:19%;">Death </th> <th style="width:110px;">Claimed Coat of Arms </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI of France</a></b><br />1792–1793 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/100px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/150px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/200px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td>23 August 1754, Versailles<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony,_Dauphine_of_France" title="Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France">Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, Dauphine of France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette of Austria</a><br />16 May 1770<br />4 children </td> <td>21 January 1793<br />Paris<br />Aged 38 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/200px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/300px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/400px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1542" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis-Charles, Dauphin of France</a></b><br /><b>(Louis XVII)</b><br />1793–1795 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Charles_of_France6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Louis_Charles_of_France6.jpg/120px-Louis_Charles_of_France6.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Louis_Charles_of_France6.jpg/250px-Louis_Charles_of_France6.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span> </td> <td>27 March 1785, Versailles<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI of France</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a> of Austria </td> <td>Never married </td> <td>8 June 1795<br />Paris<br />Aged 10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/200px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/300px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png/400px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1542" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></b><br />1795–1824<br />(King of France 1814–1815, 1815–1824) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon,_Comte_de_Provence,_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png/100px-Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png/150px-Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png/200px-Louis_Stanislas_Xavier_de_Bourbon%2C_Comte_de_Provence%2C_the_future_King_Louis_XVIII.png 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> </td> <td>17 November 1755, Versailles<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony,_Dauphine_of_France" title="Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France">Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, Dauphine of France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a><br />14 May 1771<br />No children </td> <td>16 September 1824<br />Paris<br />Aged 68 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></b><br />1824–1836<br />(King of France 1824–1830) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_charles_x_1757-183_hi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td>9 October 1757, Versailles<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony,_Dauphine_of_France" title="Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France">Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, Dauphine of France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of Savoy">Marie Thérèse of Savoy</a><br />16 November 1773<br />3 children </td> <td>6 November 1836<br /><a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a><br />Aged 79 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></b><br /><b>(Louis XIX)</b><br />1836–1844 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg/100px-N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg/150px-N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg/200px-N10377-157-4fd4h-web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="1843" /></a></span> </td> <td>6 August 1775, Versailles<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Marie Thérèse of Savoy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a><br />10 June 1799<br />No children </td> <td>3 June 1844<br /><a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a><br />Aged 68 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a></b><br /><b>(Henri V)</b><br />1844–1883 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg/100px-Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg/150px-Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg/200px-Roi_Henri_V_de_Bourbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="441" /></a></span> </td> <td>29 September 1820, Paris<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry">Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1817%E2%80%931886)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1817–1886)">Marie Thérèse of Austria-Este</a><br />7 November 1846<br />No children </td> <td>24 August 1883<br /><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Frohsdorf" title="Schloss Frohsdorf">Schloss Frohsdorf</a><br />Aged 63 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a></b><br /><b>(Jean III)</b><br />1883–1887 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_III_de_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jean_III_de_France.png/100px-Jean_III_de_France.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jean_III_de_France.png/150px-Jean_III_de_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jean_III_de_France.png/200px-Jean_III_de_France.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td> <td>15 May 1822, Aranjuez<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Molina">Infante Carlos, Count of Molina</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Francisca_of_Portugal" title="Infanta Maria Francisca of Portugal">Infanta Maria Francisca of Portugal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrix_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este">Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este</a><br />6 February 1847<br />2 children </td> <td>21 November 1887<br /><a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a><br />Aged 65 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid">Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid</a></b><br /><b>(Charles XI)</b><br />1887–1909 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Duke_of_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carlos_Duke_of_Madrid.jpg/120px-Carlos_Duke_of_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carlos_Duke_of_Madrid.jpg/250px-Carlos_Duke_of_Madrid.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1130" /></a></span> </td> <td>30 March 1848, <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a><br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrix_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este">Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margherita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma</a><br />4 February 1867<br />5 children<br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Berthe_de_Rohan" title="Princess Berthe de Rohan">Princess Berthe de Rohan</a><br />28 April 1894<br />No children </td> <td>18 July 1909<br /><a href="/wiki/Varese" title="Varese">Varese</a><br />Aged 61 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid">Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid</a></b><br /><b>(Jacques I)</b><br />1909–1931 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg/100px-Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg/150px-Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg/200px-Don_Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="342" /></a></span> </td> <td>27 June 1870, <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a><br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid">Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margherita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma</a> </td> <td>Never married </td> <td>2 October 1931<br /><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a><br />Aged 61 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_Carlos,_Duke_of_San_Jaime" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime">Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime</a></b><br /><b>(Charles XII)</b><br />1931–1936 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon,_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG/100px-Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG/150px-Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG/200px-Alfonso_Carlos_of_Bourbon%2C_Duke_of_San_Jaime.JPG 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> </td> <td>12 September 1849<br />London<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrix_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este">Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_das_Neves_of_Portugal" title="Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal">Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal</a><br />26 April 1871<br />No children </td> <td>29 September 1936<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a><br />Aged 87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII of Spain</a></b><br /><b>(Alphonse I)</b><br />1936–1941<br /> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg/100px-Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg/150px-Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg/200px-Alfonso_XIII_on_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td>17 May 1886, Madrid<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII of Spain</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">Maria Christina of Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg" title="Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg">Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg</a><br />31 May 1906<br />7 children </td> <td>28 February 1941<br />Rome<br />Aged 54 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a></b><br /><b>(Henri VI)</b><br />1941–1975 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaime_Enrique_de_Borb%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jaime_Enrique_de_Borb%C3%B3n.jpg/120px-Jaime_Enrique_de_Borb%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jaime_Enrique_de_Borb%C3%B3n.jpg/250px-Jaime_Enrique_de_Borb%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td>23 June 1908, <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a><br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII of Spain</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg" title="Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg">Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg</a> </td> <td>First marriage<br /><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_de_Dampierre" title="Emmanuelle de Dampierre">Emmanuelle de Dampierre</a><br />4 March 1935<br />Rome<br />Divorced on 6 May 1947<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />2 children <hr /> <p>Second marriage (civil only, not recognized by the Church)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Tiedemann" title="Charlotte Tiedemann">Charlotte Luise Auguste Tiedemann</a><br />3 August 1949<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a><br />No children </p> </td> <td>20 March 1975<br /><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><br />Aged 67 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/200px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/300px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/400px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="2391" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Prince Alphonse, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz</a></b><br /><b>(Alphonse II)</b><br />1975–1989 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_Alfonso_1963b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Duke_Alfonso_1963b.jpg/120px-Duke_Alfonso_1963b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Duke_Alfonso_1963b.jpg/250px-Duke_Alfonso_1963b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span> </td> <td>20 April 1936, Rome<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_de_Dampierre" title="Emmanuelle de Dampierre">Emmanuelle de Dampierre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Carmen_Mart%C3%ADnez-Bordi%C3%BA_y_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco">María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco</a><br />8 March 1972<br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_El_Pardo" title="Royal Palace of El Pardo">Royal Palace of El Pardo</a><br />Divorced on 1982 and annulled in 1986<br />2 children </td> <td>30 January 1989<br /><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Creek,_Colorado" title="Beaver Creek, Colorado">Beaver Creek</a><br />Aged 53 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/200px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/300px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg/400px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duke_of_Anjou_and_Cadix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="2391" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou</a></b><br /><b>(Louis XX)</b><br />1989–present </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_de_Bourbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Louis_de_Bourbon.jpg/120px-Louis_de_Bourbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Louis_de_Bourbon.jpg/250px-Louis_de_Bourbon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="572" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 April 1974, Madrid<br />Son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Mart%C3%ADnez-Bordi%C3%BA" title="Carmen Martínez-Bordiú">María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_Marguerite,_Duchess_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Marguerite, Duchess of Anjou">María Margarita Vargas Santaella</a><br />5 November 2004<br /><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a><br />4 children </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon,_Duc_d%27Anjou,_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg/200px-Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg/300px-Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg/400px-Grandes_armes_de_Louis_de_Bourbon%2C_Duc_d%27Anjou%2C_comme_successeur_des_Rois_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="2391" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the results for broadly Legitimist parties in French national elections. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of<br />overall votes </th> <th>% of<br />overall vote </th> <th>No. of<br />overall seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1831_French_legislative_election" title="1831 French legislative election">1831</a> </th> <td>28,270 </td> <td>22.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">104 / 460</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1834_French_legislative_election" title="1834 French legislative election">1834</a> </th> <td>4,218 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 460</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 89</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Berryer" title="Pierre-Antoine Berryer">Pierre-Antoine Berryer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1837_French_legislative_election" title="1837 French legislative election">1837</a> </th> <td>4,855 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 460</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Berryer" title="Pierre-Antoine Berryer">Pierre-Antoine Berryer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1839_French_legislative_election" title="1839 French legislative election">1839</a> </th> <td>8,655 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 460</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Berryer" title="Pierre-Antoine Berryer">Pierre-Antoine Berryer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/February_1871_French_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1871 French legislative election">1871</a> </th> <td>Unknown (2nd) </td> <td>? </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">182 / 675</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 182</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Auguste-Alexandre_Ducrot" title="Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot">Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1876_French_legislative_election" title="1876 French legislative election">1876</a> </th> <td>332,470 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 553</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 158</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Auguste-Alexandre_Ducrot" title="Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot">Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1877_French_legislative_election" title="1877 French legislative election">1877</a> </th> <td>687,422 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 521</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #1F497D; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20</div> </td> <td><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Auguste-Alexandre_Ducrot" title="Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot">Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_French_throne" title="Succession to the French throne">Succession to the French throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_movements_that_dispute_the_legitimacy_of_a_reigning_monarch" title="List of movements that dispute the legitimacy of a reigning monarch">List of movements that dispute the legitimacy of a reigning monarch</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAtkinBiddissTallett2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Atkin, Nicholas; Biddiss, Michael; Tallett, Frank, eds. (2011). "Legitimism". <i>The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789</i>. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legitimism&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Modern+European+History+Since+1789&rft.place=Malden&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNord2021" class="citation web cs1">Nord, Philip (28 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/right-origins-french-right">"Right On: The Origins of the French Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_Montaigne" title="Institut Montaigne">Institut Montaigne</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Right+On%3A+The+Origins+of+the+French+Right&rft.pub=Institut+Montaigne&rft.date=2021-07-28&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.institutmontaigne.org%2Fen%2Fexpressions%2Fright-origins-french-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/proces2.htm">"Lawsuit brought by the comte de Clermont against the duc d'Anjou (1988–89)"</a>. <i>Heraldica.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldica.org&rft.atitle=Lawsuit+brought+by+the+comte+de+Clermont+against+the+duc+d%27Anjou+%281988%E2%80%9389%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Ffrance%2Fproces2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/apanage.htm#early-modern">"Apanages in the French Monarchy"</a>. <i>Heraldica.org</i>. 22 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldica.org&rft.atitle=Apanages+in+the+French+Monarchy&rft.date=2010-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Ffrance%2Fapanage.htm%23early-modern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sainty-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sainty_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSainty" class="citation web cs1">Sainty, Guy Stair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613004735/http://chivalricorders.org/royalty/bourbon/france/frenlegt.htm">"The French Legitimist Case"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/bourbon/france/frenlegt.htm">the original</a> on 13 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Legitimist+Case&rft.aulast=Sainty&rft.aufirst=Guy+Stair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chivalricorders.org%2Froyalty%2Fbourbon%2Ffrance%2Ffrenlegt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dumoulin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dumoulin_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Pedone, ed. <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SmNIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA190">Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique</a></i></span> (1889). Volume 3. <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Société d'Histoire Générale et d'Histoire Diplomatique: Société d'Histoire Diplomatique</span></span>. Paris <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>. p. 190. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-velde1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-velde1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Velde, François (31 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/nationality.htm">"The Nationality Requirement in the French succession laws"</a>. <i>Heraldica</i>. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick1965" class="citation book cs1">Sedgwick, Alexander (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ralliementinfren0000sedg"><i>The ralliement in French politics, 1890–1898</i></a></span>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ralliementinfren0000sedg/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674747517" title="Special:BookSources/9780674747517"><bdi>9780674747517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ralliement+in+French+politics%2C+1890%E2%80%931898&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=9780674747517&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fralliementinfren0000sedg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/dreux-breze.htm">"Henri-Scipion-Charles, marquis de Dreux-Brézé"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are, however, some Legitimists who have questioned the claims of all pretenders from Alfonso XIII onward, as it is commonly believed that his father, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a>, was not the biological son of the Duke of Cadiz. If true, this would mean that <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Escasany,_5th_Duke_of_Seville" title="Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville">Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville</a> (great-great grandson of Cádiz's younger brother) is currently the true Legitimist heir to the French throne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNaughton1973" class="citation book cs1">McNaughton, C. Arnold (1973). <i>The Book of Kings</i>. Vol. 1. London: Garnstone Press. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-0280-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-0280-8"><bdi>978-0-8129-0280-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=Garnstone+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-0280-8&rft.aulast=McNaughton&rft.aufirst=C.+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegitimists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimists&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pretenders_to_the_French_throne_since_1792796" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pretenders_to_the_French_throne" title="Template:Pretenders to the French throne"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pretenders_to_the_French_throne" title="Template talk:Pretenders to the French throne"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pretenders_to_the_French_throne" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pretenders to the French throne"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pretenders_to_the_French_throne_since_1792796" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">Pretenders to the French throne</a> since <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">1792</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian pretenders</a><br />(1792–present)<br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_King_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the House of Capet"><img alt="Coat of arms of the House of Capet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Arms_of_the_King_of_France.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Arms_of_the_King_of_France.svg/250px-Arms_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the House of Capet</figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legitimist</a> (1792-1883)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1792 <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li>1793 <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li>1795 <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a><sup><i>1</i></sup></li> <li>1824 <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a><sup><i>2</i></sup></li> <li>1836 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></li> <li>1844 <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri V</a> 1883</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_former_French_throne_(Orl%C3%A9anist)" title="Succession to the former French throne (Orléanist)">Unionist</a> (1883–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Philippe VII</a><sup><i>3</i></sup></li> <li>1894 <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Philippe VIII</a></li> <li>1926 <a href="/wiki/Prince_Jean,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Prince Jean, Duke of Guise">Jean III</a></li> <li>1940 <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1908%E2%80%931999)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)">Henri VI</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1933%E2%80%932019)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)">Henri VII</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Jean IV</a> present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blancs_d%27Espagne" title="Blancs d'Espagne">Anjouist</a> (1883-present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Braganza" title="Juan de Borbón y Braganza">Jean III</a></li> <li>1887 <a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Austria-Este" title="Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este">Charles XI</a></li> <li>1909 <a href="/wiki/Jaime_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Parma" title="Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma">Jacques I</a></li> <li>1931 <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Carlos de Borbón">Charles XII</a></li> <li>1936 <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alphonse I</a><sup><i>4</i></sup></li> <li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Henri VI</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alphonse II</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Louis XX</a> present</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonaparte pretenders</a><br />(1814–present)<br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte"><img alt="Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_French_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte</figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1814 <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon I</a><sup><i>5</i></sup></li> <li>1821 <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoléon II</a></li> <li>1832 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph</a></li> <li>1844 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis</a></li> <li>1846 <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoléon III</a><sup><i>6</i></sup></li> <li>1873 <a href="/wiki/Louis-Napol%C3%A9on,_Prince_Imperial" title="Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial">Napoléon IV</a></li> <li>1879 <a href="/wiki/Prince_Napol%C3%A9on-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte">Napoléon V Jérôme</a> / 1891 <a href="/wiki/Victor,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Victor, Prince Napoléon">Napoléon V Victor</a></li> <li>1926 <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Louis, Prince Napoléon">Napoléon VI</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Charles, Prince Napoléon">Napoléon VII Charles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon">Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe</a> present (<a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_French_throne_(Bonapartist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the French throne (Bonapartist)">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><i>1</i></sup> Actually reign twice: first from 1814-1815, second from 1815-1824<br /><sup><i>2</i></sup> Actually reigned from 1824-1830<br /><sup><i>3</i></sup> Orléanist pretender from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II<br /><sup><i>4</i></sup> Reigned as King of Spain from 1886-1931 as Alfonso XIII<br /><sup><i>5</i></sup> Briefly restored and then deposed in 1815<br /><sup><i>6</i></sup> Actually reigned from 1852-1870</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Bourbon420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template talk:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Bourbon420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_IV_of_France420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France_(1602%E2%80%931644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of France (1602–1644)">Elisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Christine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Siblings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)</li> <li>Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)</li> <li>Madeleine (1556)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon" title="Catherine of Bourbon">Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="César, Duke of Vendôme">César, Duke of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Catherine Henriette de Bourbon">Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf</a></li> <li>Alexandre, Chevalier de Vendôme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Verneuil" title="Henri, Duke of Verneuil">Henri, Duke of Verneuil</a></li> <li>Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon</li> <li>Antoine, Count of Moret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans">Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great <br /> grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIV420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Infanta María Teresa of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_Marquise_de_Maintenon" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon">Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate<br />children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Marie Anne, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Louis, Count of Vermandois">Louis, Count of Vermandois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Duke_of_Maine" title="Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine">Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C%C3%A9sar,_Count_of_Vexin" title="Louis César, Count of Vexin">Louis César, Count of Vexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise,_Princess_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louise Françoise, Princess of Condé">Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon">Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse">Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Maisonblanche" title="Louise de Maisonblanche">Louise, Baroness of La Queue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe V of Spain</a></i> <sup><small>p</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Prince_of_Dombes" title="Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes">Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Eu" title="Louis Charles, Count of Eu">Louis Charles, Count of Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Bourbon,_Mademoiselle_du_Maine" title="Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle du Maine">Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jean_Marie_de_Bourbon,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre">Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great<br />grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Francisco of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Víctoria, Queen of Portugal</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" title="María Teresa Rafaela of Spain">Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis,_Count_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón">Luis, Count of Chinchón</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Charles, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Prince_of_Lamballe" title="Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe">Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XV420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_of_France_(1727%E2%80%931752)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriette of France (1727–1752)">Princess Henriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_France_(1728%E2%80%931733)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise of France (1728–1733)">Princess Louise (1728–1733)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Adélaïde">Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France_(1733%E2%80%931799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoire of France (1733–1799)">Princess Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_France_(1734%E2%80%931782)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie of France (1734–1782)">Sophie, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" title="Thérèse of France">Princess Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France_(1737%E2%80%931787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise of France (1737–1787)">Princess Louise (1737–1787)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Madame_Royale_(1746%E2%80%931748)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse, Madame Royale (1746–1748)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Z%C3%A9phyrine_of_France" title="Marie Zéphyrine of France">Princess Marie Zéphyrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France">Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Princess Élisabeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children <br /> included</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Vintimille" title="Charles de Vintimille">Charles de Vintimille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_O%27Murphy" title="Marie-Louise O'Murphy">Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine</a></li> <li>Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_comte_de_Narbonne-Lara" title="Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara">Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVI420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_B%C3%A9atrice_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France">Princess Sophie Hélène</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Note4" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap">Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.</span></li></ul> <ul><li>See <i><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration in France</a></i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVIII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Spouse(s)9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Charles_X_of_France420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Maria Theresa of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_d%27Artois_(1776%E2%80%931783)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie d'Artois (1776–1783)">Sophie, <i>Mademoiselle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li>Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Princess Louise Élisabeth</li> <li>Prince Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_d%27Artois" title="Princess Louise d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Notes</span></dt> <dd><sup><small>1</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infante or Infanta of Spain</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>2</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchess of Austria</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>3</small></sup> both</dd> <dd><sup><small>p</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservatism215" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template talk:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservatism215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools<br />by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Asia" title="Conservatism">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_China" title="Conservatism in China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism#Mainland_New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Jitao_Thought" title="Dai Jitao Thought">Dai Jitao Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_China#Neoauthoritarianism" title="Conservatism in China">Neoauthoritarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Iran" title="Monarchism in Iran">Monarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Principlists">Principlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Fundamentalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minzoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Minzoku">Minzoku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_in_Japan" title="Neoconservatism in Japan">Neo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">New Right</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Europe" title="Conservatism">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_conservatism_in_Germany" title="Agrarian conservatism in Germany">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Hegelians" title="Right Hegelians">Hegelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">Historical School</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Rechte" title="Neue Rechte">Neue Rechte</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_cameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian cameralism">Cameralistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian socialism">Socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution#Young_conservatives" title="Conservative Revolution">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter_School" title="Ritter School">Ritter School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Socialism_(Germany)" title="State Socialism (Germany)">State Socialism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Right" title="Historical Right">Historical Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_elitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian school of elitism">Italian school of elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Bourbonism" title="Neo-Bourbonism">Neo-Bourbonism</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">Sanfedismo</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Liberty" title="Golden Liberty">Golden Liberty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaczyzm" title="Kaczyzm">Kaczyzm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">National Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatism" title="Sarmatism">Sarmatism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duginism" class="mw-redirect" title="Duginism">Duginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black-hundredism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Spain)" title="Traditionalism (Spain)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsism" title="Alfonsism">Alfonsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carloctavismo" title="Carloctavismo">Carloctavismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo-francoism" title="Carlo-francoism">Carlo-francoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrism_(Spain)" title="Integrism (Spain)">Integrism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurism" title="Maurism">Maurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocat%C3%B3licos" title="Neocatólicos">Neocatholicism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic conservatism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_liberalism" title="Muscular liberalism">Muscular liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Jacobite_Revival" title="Neo-Jacobite Revival">Neo-Jacobite Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_neoconservatism" title="British neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Tory" title="High Tory">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_socialism" title="Tory socialism">Social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Georgia" title="Monarchism in Georgia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Greece" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguelist" title="Miguelist">Miguelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralismo_Lusitano" title="Integralismo Lusitano">Integralismo Lusitano</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Romania" title="Monarchism in Romania">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Serbia" title="Monarchism in Serbia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Peronism" title="Federal Peronism">Federal Peronism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme_in_Argentina" title="Maurrassisme in Argentina">Maurrasismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemism" title="Menemism">Menemism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsonarism" title="Bolsonarism">Bolsonarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronelism" title="Coronelism">Coronelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Brazil" title="Monarchism in Brazil">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrianovism" title="Patrianovism">Patrianovism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Brazil" title="Right-wing populism">Populism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gremialismo" title="Gremialismo">Gremialismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Ideology" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Rojismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uribism" class="mw-redirect" title="Uribism">Uribism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristero">Cristero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/Manuel_A._Odr%C3%ADa#1948_Peruvian_coup_d’etat_and_Presidency" title="Manuel A. Odría">Odriismo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrerism" title="Herrerism">Herrerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverism" title="Riverism">Riverism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruralism_(Uruguay)" title="Ruralism (Uruguay)"><i>Ruralismo</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez#Legacy" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Perezjimenismo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America" title="Conservatism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Canada" title="Populism in Canada">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpism in Canada">Trumpism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_Canada" title="Social conservatism in Canada">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Pink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United<br />States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Oceania" title="Conservatism">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="Centre Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">Centre Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="National Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">National Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consociationalism" title="Consociationalism">Consociationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_order_(philosophy)" title="Natural order (philosophy)">Natural Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Philosophical realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_realism" title="Moral realism">Moral realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fardid" title="Ahmad Fardid">Fardid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gentz" title="Friedrich von Gentz">Gentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hitchens" title="Peter Hitchens">Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev">Leontiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_y_Pelayo" title="Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo">Menéndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinio_Corr%C3%AAa_de_Oliveira" title="Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira">Corrêa de Oliveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov" title="Sergey Uvarov">Uvarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative parties">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monarchist_League" title="International Monarchist League">International Monarchist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition,_Family,_Property" title="Tradition, Family, Property">Tradition, Family, Property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">GW Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Pérez Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_Prat_de_la_Riba" title="Enric Prat de la Riba">Prat de la Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin" title="Pyotr Stolypin">Stolypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Religious_conservatism" title="Conservatism">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics#Conservatism" title="Christianity and politics">Christian politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Islamic economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restauration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Order" title="Conservative Order">Conservative Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Alliance" title="Holy Alliance">Holy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ideologies1176" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecularization" title="Desecularization">Desecularization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postsecularism" title="Postsecularism">Postsecularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_feminisms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative feminisms">Conservative feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_conservatism" title="LGBTQ conservatism">LGBTQ conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-feudalism" title="Neo-feudalism">Neo-feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-medievalism" title="Neo-medievalism">Neo-medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political 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