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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 2010–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Products and services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products and services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amazon.com" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon.com"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Amazon.com </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon.com-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Merchant_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchant_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Merchant partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchant_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private-label_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private-label_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Private-label products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private-label_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-party_sellers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_sellers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Third-party sellers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_sellers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliate_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliate_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Affiliate program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliate_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 Product reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_sales_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_sales_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Amazon sales rank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_sales_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_stores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_stores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Physical stores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_stores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Hardware and services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Subsidiaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amazon_Live" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_Live"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Amazon Live </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_Live-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_Web_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_Web_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Amazon Web Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_Web_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Audible </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goodreads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goodreads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.4 Goodreads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goodreads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.5 Ring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.6 Twitch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whole_Foods_Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whole_Foods_Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.7 Whole Foods Market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whole_Foods_Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.8 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Logistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supply_chain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supply_chain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Supply chain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supply_chain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Board of directors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Corporate culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lobbying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lobbying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Lobbying </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lobbying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Amazon (company)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" > 109 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9)" title="أمازون (شركة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمازون (شركة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80)" title="এমাজন (কোম্পানী) – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এমাজন (কোম্পানী)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(%C5%9Firk%C9%99t)" title="Amazon (şirkət) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amazon (şirkət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="آمازون (شیرکت) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمازون (شیرکت)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF)" title="অ্যামাজন (কোম্পানি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যামাজন (কোম্পানি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kong-si)" title="Amazon (kong-si) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Amazon (kong-si)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Amazon (компания) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Amazon (компания)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="अमेजन (कंपनी) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अमेजन (कंपनी)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амазон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амазон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kompanija)" title="Amazon (kompanija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amazon (kompanija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(embregerezh)" title="Amazon (embregerezh) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amazon (embregerezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(empresa)" title="Amazon (empresa) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amazon (empresa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9)" title="أمازون (شركة) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أمازون (شركة)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="آمازون (شرکت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمازون (شرکت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company) – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Amazon (company)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(comhlacht)" title="Amazon (comhlacht) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amazon (comhlacht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EC%A1%B4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="아마존 (기업) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마존 (기업)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kamfani)" title="Amazon (kamfani) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Amazon (kamfani)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Ամազոն (ընկերություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամազոն (ընկերություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8.%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE" title="एमाज़ॉन.कॉम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एमाज़ॉन.कॉम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company) – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Amazon (company)" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(perusahaan)" title="Amazon (perusahaan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amazon (perusahaan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אמזון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמזון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_(%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಅಮೇಜಾನ್ (ಕಂಪನಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೇಜಾನ್ (ಕಂಪನಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="امیزون – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="امیزون" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kampuni)" title="Amazon (kampuni) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amazon (kampuni)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kompan%C3%AE)" title="Amazon (kompanî) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amazon (kompanî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA.%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="ആമസോൺ.കോം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആമസോൺ.കോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="ॲमेझॉन (कंपनी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲमेझॉन (कंपनी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87)" title="امازون (شركه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امازون (شركه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(syarikat)" title="Amazon (syarikat) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amazon (syarikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%87%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6_(%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AE)" title="အမေဇုံ (ကုမ္ပဏီ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေဇုံ (ကုမ္ပဏီ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="अमेजन (कम्पनी) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अमेजन (कम्पनी)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D.%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ଆମାଜନ୍.କମ୍‌ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆମାଜନ୍.କମ୍‌" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(shirkat)" title="Amazon (shirkat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amazon (shirkat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80)" title="ਐਮਾਜ਼ਾਨ (ਕੰਪਨੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਮਾਜ਼ਾਨ (ਕੰਪਨੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="ایمیزون (کمپنی) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمیزون (کمپنی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="امازون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امازون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(ruruchikaq)" title="Amazon (ruruchikaq) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amazon (ruruchikaq)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Amazon (company)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kompani)" title="Amazon (kompani) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amazon (kompani)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amazon (company)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%DA%AA%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%8A)" title="ايميزون (ڪمپني) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايميزون (ڪمپني)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%86%D9%86_(%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ئەمازۆن (کۆمپانیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمازۆن (کۆمپانیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B5)" title="Amazon (предузеће) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Amazon (предузеће)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(kompanija)" title="Amazon (kompanija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amazon (kompanija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amazon.com" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(f%C3%B6retag)" title="Amazon (företag) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amazon (företag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமேசான்.காம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமேசான்.காம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_(%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87)" title="ဢမေႇၸူင်ႇ (ၶွမ်ႇပၼီႇ) – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢမေႇၸူင်ႇ (ၶွမ်ႇပၼီႇ)" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80)" title="అమెజాన్ (కంపెనీ) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెజాన్ (కంపెనీ)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97)" title="แอมะซอน (บริษัท) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอมะซอน (บริษัท)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(%C5%9Firket)" title="Amazon (şirket) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amazon (şirket)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="ایمیزون (کمپنی) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایمیزون (کمپنی)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="ئامازون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئامازون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(c%C3%B4ng_ty)" title="Amazon (công ty) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amazon (công ty)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="亚马逊公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚马逊公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9F_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A2)" title="אמאזאן (פירמע) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמאזאן (פירמע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="亞馬遜公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞馬遜公司" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(%C5%9F%C4%B1rket)" title="Amazon (şırket) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amazon (şırket)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon.co.jp&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.co.jp">Amazon.co.jp</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational technology company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the multinational technology company. For other companies, see <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(disambiguation)#Businesses_and_organizations" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Amazon (disambiguation)">Amazon (disambiguation) § Businesses and organizations</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Amazon.com, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amazon_2024.svg/220px-Amazon_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amazon_2024.svg/330px-Amazon_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amazon_2024.svg/440px-Amazon_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="505" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out,_June_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg/220px-Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg/330px-Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg/440px-Amazon_Tower_I_topped_out%2C_June_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Doppler_(building)" title="Doppler (building)">Doppler building</a> in Seattle, Amazon's headquarters</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Amazon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Cadabra, Inc. (1994–1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/amzn">AMZN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/DJIA" class="mw-redirect" title="DJIA">DJIA</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=US0231351067">US0231351067</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 5, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-07-05), in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive chairman">executive chairman</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Fire tablet">Fire Tablet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.ca" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.ca">Amazon.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Amazon Appstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Clinic" title="Amazon Clinic">Amazon Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Inspire" title="Amazon Inspire">Amazon Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Luna" title="Amazon Luna">Amazon Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Amazon Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Medical" title="One Medical">One Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$574.8 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$36.85 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$30.43 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$527.9 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$201.9 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Jeff Bezos (8.92%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">≈ 1,525,000 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/AbeBooks" title="AbeBooks">AbeBooks</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Logistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Logistics">Amazon Logistics</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Blink_Home" title="Blink Home">Blink</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Body_Labs" title="Body Labs">Body Labs</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Book_Depository" title="Book Depository">Book Depository</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Brilliance Audio</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Eero LLC</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Graphiq" title="Graphiq">Graphiq</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Twitch_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitch Interactive">Twitch Interactive</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Woot" title="Woot">Woot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/">amazon.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-10K-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Amazon.com, Inc.,<a href="#cite_note-10K-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">doing business as</a> Amazon (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈæməzɒn/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AM-ə-zon</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a> also <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈæməzən/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AM-ə-zən</a>), is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> engaged in <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">online advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">digital streaming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Founded in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> the company originally started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories, referred to as "The Everything Store".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Today, Amazon is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Five</a> American technology companies, the other four being <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. The company has multiple <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiaries</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a>, providing cloud computing; <a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">self-driving car</a> division; <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a>, a satellite Internet provider; and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a>, a computer hardware <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">R&D</a> provider. Other subsidiaries include <a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a>. Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US$13.4 billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a <a href="/wiki/Brick_and_mortar" title="Brick and mortar">physical retailer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wf-10">[8]</a> Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>, <a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a>, Twitch, <a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wondery" title="Wondery">Wondery</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a>, film and television content through <a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> studio, which was acquired in March 2022, and owns Brilliance Audio and Audible, which produce and distribute audiobooks, respectively. Amazon also produces <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a>—most notably, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle e-readers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a> devices, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire tablets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TVs</a>. Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>, it is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online retailer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online_marketplace" title="Online marketplace">marketplace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smart_speaker" title="Smart speaker">smart speaker</a> provider, cloud computing service through AWS,<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live-streaming</a> service through Twitch, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Internet_companies" title="List of largest Internet companies">Internet company</a> as measured by <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> In 2021, it surpassed <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a>, which has close to 200 million subscribers worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_United_States%E2%80%93based_employers_globally" title="List of largest United States–based employers globally">second-largest private employer in the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies by revenue">second-largest company in the World</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_the_United_States_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies in the United States by revenue">in the U.S.</a> by revenue as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> As of October 2024, Amazon is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_websites" title="List of most-visited websites">12th-most visited website in the world</a> and 84% of its traffic comes from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-23">[21]</a> Amazon is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_by_research_and_development_spending" title="List of companies by research and development spending">global leader</a> in <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> spending, with R&D expenditure of US$73 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Amazon has been criticized</a> on various grounds, including but not limited to customer data collection practices, a <a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">toxic work culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive_practices" title="Anti-competitive practices">anti-competitive practices</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994–2009">1994–2009</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue,_Washington_-_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg/220px-Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg/330px-Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg/440px-Amazon%27s_founding_site_in_Bellevue%2C_Washington_-_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Jeff Bezos's home in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, where the company was founded in 1994</figcaption></figure> Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> after he relocated from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, to operate an online bookstore. Bezos chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>, as well as its smaller population for <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> purposes and the proximity to a major book distribution warehouse in <a href="/wiki/Roseburg,_Oregon" title="Roseburg, Oregon">Roseburg, Oregon</a>. Bezos also considered several other options, including <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SeattleTimes-25-25">[23]</a> The company, originally named Cadabra, was founded in the converted garage of Bezos's house for symbolic reasons and was renamed to Amazon in November 1994.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The Amazon website launched for public sales on July 16, 1995, and initially sourced its books directly from wholesalers and publishers.<a href="#cite_note-SeattleTimes-25-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Amazon went <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public</a> in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany. In the subsequent year, it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products, including music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> In 2002, it launched <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a> on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> In 2004, AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with <a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">Simple Storage Service</a> (S3) in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">Elastic Compute Cloud</a> (EC2) in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-amazon-fulfill-press-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–present">2010–present</h3></div> Amazon purchased the <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> supermarket chain in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> It is the leading e-retailer in the United States with approximately US$178 billion <a href="/wiki/Sales_(accounting)#Gross_sales_and_net_sales" title="Sales (accounting)">net sales</a> in 2017. It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Amazon saw large growth during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, hiring more than 100,000 staff in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Some Amazon workers in the U.S., France, and Italy protested the company's decision to "run normal shifts" due to COVID-19's ease of spread in warehouses.<a href="#cite_note-auto-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FTMarch19-40">[38]</a> In Spain, the company faced legal complaints over its policies,<a href="#cite_note-BBCMarch31-41">[39]</a> while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety.<a href="#cite_note-TheVergeMarch31-42">[40]</a> On February 2, 2021, Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board. The transition officially took place on July 5, 2021, with former CEO of AWS <a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> replacing him as CEO.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> In January 2023, Amazon cut over 18,000 jobs, primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> On November 8, 2023, a plan was adopted for <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> to sell approximately 50 million <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> of the company over the next year (the deadline for the entire sales plan is January 31, 2025). The first step was the sale of 12 million shares for about $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> On February 26, 2024, Amazon became a component of the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services">Products and services</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_products_and_services" title="List of Amazon products and services">List of Amazon products and services</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazon.com">Amazon.com </h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">amazon.com</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon.com-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Amazon.com-Logo.svg/220px-Amazon.com-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Amazon.com-Logo.svg/330px-Amazon.com-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Amazon.com-Logo.svg/440px-Amazon.com-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="195" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo since January 2000</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:gainsboro;text-align:center">Screenshot</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/File:Amazon.com_screenshot.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/Amazon.com_screenshot.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="495" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="406" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Homepage</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Arabic</li><li>Chinese</li><li>Dutch</li><li>English</li><li>French</li><li>German</li><li>Hindi</li><li>Italian</li><li>Japanese</li><li>Polish</li><li>Portuguese</li><li>Spanish</li><li>Swedish</li><li>Turkish</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Amazon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://Amazon.com">amazon.com</a> (original US site)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">1995; 29 years ago (1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Amazon.com is an e-commerce platform that sells many product lines, including media (<a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>, movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">beauty products</a>, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, <a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a>, watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, <a href="/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">sporting goods</a>, tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm <a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">supplies</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">consulting services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rai-50">[48]</a> Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for the U.S. and amazon.co.uk for UK) though some offer international shipping.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> Visits to amazon.com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> to more than 2 billion per month in 2022.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The e-commerce platform is the 12th most visited website in the world.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-23">[21]</a> In February, 2024, Amazon announced its first chatbot was first “Rufus” in the US and in July, it was widely available to all customers in the US. <a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> “Rufus” is now available in the US, India and the UK which helps the shoppers get product recommendations, get shopping list advice, compare products and see what other customers have responded to their specific questions.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.<a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker-55">[53]</a> The company's <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">localized</a> storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Country_code" title="Country code">country code</a>: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg/400px-Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg/600px-Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg/800px-Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Amazon Marketplaces worldwide<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Top-Level Domain</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Served by neighboring Domain</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Confirmed launch, currently served by neighboring domain</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by country (2023)<a href="#cite_note-:2-56">[54]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>69.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>6.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>5.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan </td> <td>4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>13.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Region</th> <th scope="col">Country</th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a></th> <th scope="col">Since</th> <th scope="col" style="width: 220px;">Languages </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Africa </th> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Egypt</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.eg" title=".eg">.eg</a></td> <td>September 2021</td> <td>Arabic, English </td> <td>Formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a> Egypt </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">South Africa</td> <td>amazon.co<a href="/wiki/.za" title=".za">.za</a></td> <td>May 2024</td> <td>English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4" style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Americas </th> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Brazil</td> <td>amazon.com<a href="/wiki/.br" title=".br">.br</a></td> <td>December 2012</td> <td>Portuguese </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Canada</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.ca" title=".ca">.ca</a></td> <td>June 2002</td> <td>English, French </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Mexico</td> <td>amazon.com<a href="/wiki/.mx" title=".mx">.mx</a></td> <td>August 2013</td> <td>Spanish </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">United States</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></td> <td>July 1995</td> <td>English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional) </td> <td>International customers without a localized Amazon website may purchase eBooks from the <a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a> on Amazon US.<a href="#cite_note-buy-ebooks-on-amazon-us-57">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="7" style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Asia </th> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">China</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.cn</a></td> <td>September 2004</td> <td>Chinese (Simplified) </td> <td>Formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Joyo.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyo.com">Joyo.com</a> CHN </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">India</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.in" title=".in">.in</a></td> <td>June 2013</td> <td>English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Marathi </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Japan</td> <td>amazon.co<a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a></td> <td>November 2000</td> <td>Japanese, English, Chinese (Simplified) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Saudi Arabia</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.sa" title=".sa">.sa</a></td> <td>June 2020</td> <td>Arabic, English </td> <td>Formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a> KSA </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Singapore</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.sg</a></td> <td>July 2017</td> <td>English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Turkey</td> <td>amazon.com<a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a></td> <td>September 2018</td> <td>Turkish </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">United Arab Emirates</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.ae" title=".ae">.ae</a></td> <td>May 2019</td> <td>Arabic, English </td> <td>Formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a> UAE </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="9" style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Europe </th> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Belgium</td> <td>amazon.com<a href="/wiki/.be" title=".be">.be</a></td> <td>October 2022</td> <td>Dutch, French, English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">France</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a></td> <td>August 2000</td> <td>French, English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Germany</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.de" title=".de">.de</a></td> <td>October 1998</td> <td>German, English, Czech, Dutch, Polish, Turkish </td> <td>Also serves Austria,<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> Denmark<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> and Switzerland<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Italy</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.it" title=".it">.it</a></td> <td>November 2010</td> <td>Italian, English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Netherlands</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.nl" title=".nl">.nl</a></td> <td>November 2014</td> <td>Dutch, English </td> <td>Initially only books & e-books, full shop opened March 2020<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Poland</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.pl" title=".pl">.pl</a></td> <td>March 2021</td> <td>Polish </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Spain</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.es" title=".es">.es</a></td> <td>September 2011</td> <td>Spanish, Portuguese </td> <td>Also serves Portugal<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Sweden</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.se" title=".se">.se</a></td> <td>October 2020</td> <td>Swedish, English </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">United Kingdom</td> <td>amazon.co<a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a></td> <td>October 1998</td> <td>English </td> <td>Also serves Ireland<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Oceania</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Australia</td> <td>amazon.com<a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.au</a></td> <td>November 2017</td> <td>English </td> <td>Also serves New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Confirmed launch </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Europe </th> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Ireland</td> <td>amazon<a href="/wiki/.ie" title=".ie">.ie</a></td> <td>2025<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></td> <td>English </td> <td>Currently served by amazon.co.uk </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merchant_partnerships">Merchant partnerships</h4></div> In 2000, US toy retailer <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us</a> entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with <a href="/wiki/Borders_Group" title="Borders Group">Borders Group</a>, under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern" title="Green Lantern">Green Lantern</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sandman_(Vertigo)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sandman (Vertigo)">The Sandman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Watchmen" title="Watchmen">Watchmen</a>. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York</a> because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> by 2014.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In June 2017, <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-74">[72]</a> This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019.<a href="#cite_note-CNBC-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Companies including <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birkenstock" title="Birkenstock">Birkenstock</a> also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$ 104.44 million (<a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>759 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a>) in financial year 2017–2018.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> As of October 11, 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">AmazonFresh</a> sold a range of <a href="/wiki/Booths_Supermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Booths Supermarkets">Booths</a> branded products for home delivery in selected areas.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> On November 7, 2024 Amazon is reportedly discussing a second multi-billion dollar investment in AI startup Anthropic, following its initial $4 billion investment.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private-label_products">Private-label products</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_brands" title="List of Amazon brands">List of Amazon brands</a></div> Amazon sells many products under its <a href="/wiki/Private_label" title="Private label">own brand names</a>, including phone chargers, batteries, and diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas the average for other large retailers is 18%.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon Basics stapler"><img alt="Amazon Basics stapler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg/120px-Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg/180px-Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg/240px-Amazon_Basics_Stapler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2816" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon Basics stapler</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon Basics USB cable"><img alt="Amazon Basics USB cable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg/120px-Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg/180px-Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg/240px-Amazon_Basics_USB_cable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="1739" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon Basics USB cable</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Battery_(41237054591).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon Basics battery"><img alt="Amazon Basics battery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg/120px-Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg/180px-Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg/240px-Battery_%2841237054591%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8247" data-file-height="5891" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon Basics battery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon Basics disinfecting wipes"><img alt="Amazon Basics disinfecting wipes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg/90px-Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg/135px-Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg/180px-Amazon_Basics_Disinfecting_Wipes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon Basics disinfecting wipes</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third-party_sellers">Third-party sellers</h4></div> Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Affiliate_program">Affiliate program</h4></div> Publishers can sign up as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after <a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Google Ads</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> (AWS) <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Product_reviews">Product reviews</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon#Amazon_reviews" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism of Amazon § Amazon reviews</a></div> Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a <a href="/wiki/Rating_scale" title="Rating scale">rating scale</a> from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "... the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose".<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> companies on behalf of their clients<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amazon_sales_rank">Amazon sales rank</h4></div> The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-amazon-93">[91]</a> While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.<a href="#cite_note-amazon-93">[91]</a> Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> data via the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_BookScan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen BookScan">Nielsen BookScan</a> service to verified authors.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> though Amazon states: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Amazon.com Help<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_stores">Physical stores</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_(52626225962).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg/220px-Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg/330px-Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg/440px-Amazon_Fresh_Shop_Sevenoaks_%2852626225962%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a> store in <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></figcaption></figure> In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a> store in <a href="/wiki/University_Village,_Seattle" title="University Village, Seattle">University Village</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. The store was 5,500 square feet and prices for all products matched those on its website.<a href="#cite_note-:1-98">[96]</a> Amazon opened its tenth physical book store in 2017;<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> media speculation at the time suggested that Amazon planned to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.<a href="#cite_note-:1-98">[96]</a> All of its locations were closed in 2022 along with other retail locations under the "Amazon 4-Star" brand.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> In July 2016, the company announced that it was opening a 1,100,000 ft (335,280.0 m) square foot facility in <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Palmer Township, Pennsylvania">Palmer Township</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a> region of eastern <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. As of 2024, Amazon is Lehigh Valley region's third-largest employer.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a> opened several physical stores in the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware_and_services">Hardware and services</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg/220px-Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg/330px-Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg/440px-Kindle_Fire_tablet_HD_8_Plus_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Amazon Fire</a> tablet</figcaption></figure> Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a> for music and videos respectively, the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Amazon Appstore</a> for Android apps, the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a> line of <a href="/wiki/Eink" class="mw-redirect" title="Eink">eink</a> e-readers, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_HD" title="Fire HD">Fire HD</a> color <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> tablets. <a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a> provides audiobooks for purchase and listening. In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Astro" title="Amazon Astro">Astro</a>, its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In January 2023, Amazon announced the launch of RXPass, a prescription drug delivery service. It allows U.S. Amazon Prime members to pay a $5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications. The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements. Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Amazon" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon">List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon</a></div> Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries, including <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a>, Diapers.com, <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>, Kiva Systems (now <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a>), <a href="/wiki/One_Medical" title="One Medical">One Medical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shopbop" title="Shopbop">Shopbop</a>, Teachstreet, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Bezos separately owns <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> (through Nash Holdings, LLC), <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bezos_Expeditions" title="Bezos Expeditions">Bezos Expeditions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altos_Labs" title="Altos Labs">Altos Labs</a>, and other companies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amazon_Live">Amazon Live</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Amazon Inspire</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Live_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Amazon_Live_logo.png/250px-Amazon_Live_logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Amazon_Live_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="70" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">98109, WA <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, <div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Inc.">Amazon Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a></li> <li>Live streaming</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Inc.">Amazon Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2019; 5 years ago (2019)</td></tr></tbody></table> Amazon Live is an American video <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> live-streaming service created by Amazon Inc. to compete with live-streaming services. The service allows users to stream live videos promoting or sponsoring products.<a href="#cite_note-AmazonLive-108">[106]</a> Users (mainly celebrities or <a href="/wiki/Internet_influencers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet influencers">Internet influencers</a>) have the option to livestream on Amazon and add tags to additionally add context to the products they're selling or promoting. Other users can join in and type in messages to send to a global chat on the livestream.<a href="#cite_note-AmazonLive-108">[106]</a> In 2019 Amazon launched an integrated platform into the Amazon website and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">application</a>. In 2023 roughly a billion total viewers watch Amazon Live across the United States and India. The platform has also been integrated into <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Amazon Freevee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amazon_Web_Services">Amazon Web Services</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston,_Texas_(46600198075).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg/220px-AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg/330px-AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg/440px-AWS_-_Amazon_Web_Services_Office_in_Houston%2C_Texas_%2846600198075%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7513" data-file-height="5011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">HOU14</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></div> Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">on-demand</a> <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> <a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">platforms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a> to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing <a href="/wiki/Web_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Web services">web services</a> provide <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> processing capacity and software tools via AWS <a href="/wiki/Server_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Server farms">server farms</a>. As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a> have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Audible">Audible</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible (service)</a></div> Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital <a href="/wiki/Audiobooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiobooks">audiobooks</a>, radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Goodreads">Goodreads</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a> is a "<a href="/wiki/Social_cataloging" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cataloging">social cataloging</a>" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:0-112">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ring">Ring</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring (company)</a></div> Ring is a <a href="/wiki/Home_automation" title="Home automation">home automation</a> company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered <a href="/wiki/Smart_doorbell" title="Smart doorbell">smart doorbells</a>, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1 billion in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twitch">Twitch</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch (service)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E3_%E2%80%93_2014_(23113432796).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg/220px-E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg/330px-E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg/440px-E3_%E2%80%93_2014_%2823113432796%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo">Electronic Entertainment Expo</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live streaming</a> platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for $970 million.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> competitions on the service, leading <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> of esports".<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>, the service had over 1.5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whole_Foods_Market">Whole Foods Market</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG/220px-Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG/330px-Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG/440px-Whole_Foods_Market_Cranbrook_Village_Ann_Arbor_Michigan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> store in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a>, Michigan</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> <a href="/wiki/Chain_store" title="Chain store">chain</a> exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-wf-10">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4></div> Other Amazon subsidiaries include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a>, a company focused on researching and building innovative technology; it has been a subsidiary since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Academy" title="Amazon Academy">Amazon Academy</a>, formerly JEE Ready, is an online learning platform for engineering students to prepare for competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), launched by Amazon India on 13 January 2021</li> <li>Amazon Maritime, Inc. holds a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Maritime_Commission" title="Federal Maritime Commission">Federal Maritime Commission</a> license to operate as a <a href="/wiki/NVOCC" class="mw-redirect" title="NVOCC">non-vessel-owning common carrier</a> (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a> is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Labs" title="Annapurna Labs">Annapurna Labs</a>, an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> in January 2015 .<a href="#cite_note-reut_Amaz-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-extr_Amaz-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a></li> <li>Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services, which applied for a <a href="/wiki/Freight_forwarder" title="Freight forwarder">freight forwarding</a> license with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Maritime_Commission" title="Federal Maritime Commission">US Maritime Commission</a>. Amazon is also building out its logistics in <a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">trucking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_freight" class="mw-redirect" title="Air freight">air freight</a> to potentially compete with <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a> and <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a></li> <li> Brilliance Audio, an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Haven,_Michigan" title="Grand Haven, Michigan">Grand Haven</a>, Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-brilliance-128">[126]</a> The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-brilliance-128">[126]</a> The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-gigaom-130">[128]</a> At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.<a href="#cite_note-gigaom-130">[128]</a> It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.<a href="#cite_note-blake-131">[129]</a> The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.<a href="#cite_note-blake-131">[129]</a> It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.<a href="#cite_note-blake-131">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a>-based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CreateSpace" title="CreateSpace">CreateSpace</a>, which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Eero, an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97 million.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a></li> <li>Health Navigator is a startup developing <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a> for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of <a href="/wiki/PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a> for under $1 billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a></li> <li>Junglee, a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a>, a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite_internet_constellation" title="Satellite internet constellation">satellite internet constellation</a> with an announced 3,236 <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a> to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc20190404-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn20190404-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars20190708-144">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Lab126</a>, developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a>, became a subsidiary in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a></li> <li>Shelfari, a former <a href="/wiki/Social_cataloging" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cataloging">social cataloging</a> website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, <a href="/wiki/Tag_(metadata)" title="Tag (metadata)">tag</a> and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:0-112">[110]</a> Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a> and closing down Shelfari.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq_(company)" title="Souq (company)">Souq</a>, the former largest <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> platform in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. The company launched in 2005 in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and served multiple areas across the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580 million.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a></li></ul> Amazon also has investments in renewable energy, including plans to fund four modular nuclear reactors at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Xe-100_reactor_site" title="Washington Xe-100 reactor site">Xe-100 reactor site</a> in Eastern Washington, and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_locations" title="List of Amazon locations">List of Amazon locations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logistics">Logistics </h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Logistics,_Borgstedt_(APC_0067).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg/220px-Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg/330px-Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg/440px-Amazon_Logistics%2C_Borgstedt_%28APC_0067%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2701" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_(44155424640).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg/220px-Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg/330px-Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg/440px-Amazon_Prime_Delivery_Trucks_%2844155424640%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3986" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Amazon Logistics Delivery Service Partner company vehicles in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></figcaption></figure> Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a>, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the U.S. Postal Service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Flex" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Flex">Amazon Flex</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Smartphone_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphone app">smartphone app</a> that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours <a href="/wiki/Prime_Now" title="Prime Now">Prime Now</a>, same or next day <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a> groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a></li> <li>Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Air" title="Amazon Prime Air">Amazon Prime Air</a> is an experimental drone delivery service that delivers packages via drones to Amazon Prime subscribers in select cities.</li></ul> Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "<a href="/wiki/Amazon_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Hub">Amazon Hub</a> Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakuten_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakuten Intelligence (page does not exist)">Rakuten Intelligence</a> estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the <a href="/wiki/US_Postal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Postal Service">US Postal Service</a> (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> In April 2021, Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in-house delivery capacity by 50% in the last 12 months (which included the first year of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a>).<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supply_chain">Supply chain</h3></div> Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a>, Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross-dock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> In September 2006, Amazon launched a program called FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) whereby it could handle storage, packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers.<a href="#cite_note-amazon-fulfill-press-35">[33]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 317.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 315.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_(02).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.fr fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, France"><img alt="Amazon.fr fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG/473px-Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="316" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG/709px-Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG/945px-Lauwin-Planque_-_Lauwin-Park_%2802%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.fr fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/Lauwin-Planque" title="Lauwin-Planque">Lauwin-Planque</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_(San_Fernando_de_Henares).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, Spain"><img alt="Amazon.es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG/291px-Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG/437px-Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG/583px-Amazon_Espa%C3%B1a_por_dentro_%28San_Fernando_de_Henares%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1266" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.es fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Henares" title="San Fernando de Henares">San Fernando de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UK"><img alt="Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg/263px-Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg/394px-Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Amazon_warehouse_Glenrothes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="307" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/Glenrothes" title="Glenrothes">Glenrothes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.de fulfillment center in Graben, Germany"><img alt="Amazon.de fulfillment center in Graben, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg/327px-Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg/490px-Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg/653px-Amazon.de_1204_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2884" data-file-height="1591" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.de fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/Graben,_Bavaria" title="Graben, Bavaria">Graben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AmazonIchikawaFC_(78316917).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa, Japan"><img alt="Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa, Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg/240px-AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg/360px-AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg/480px-AmazonIchikawaFC_%2878316917%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/Ichikawa,_Chiba" title="Ichikawa, Chiba">Ichikawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_(36490655883).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon.co fulfillment center in Baltimore, Maryland, US featuring Amazon Robotics"><img alt="Amazon.co fulfillment center in Baltimore, Maryland, US featuring Amazon Robotics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg/270px-Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg/405px-Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg/540px-Larry_Hogan_tours_Amazon_warehouse_in_Maryland_%2836490655883%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazon.co fulfillment center in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg/170px-Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg/255px-Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg/340px-Jeff_Bezos_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Amazon founder <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> As of June 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>, Amazon's board of directors were:<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a>, executive chairman, Amazon.com, Inc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a>, president and CEO, Amazon.com, Inc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_B._Alexander" title="Keith B. Alexander">Keith B. Alexander</a>, CEO of IronNet Cybersecurity, former <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">NSA director</a></li> <li>Edith W. Cooper, co-founder of Medley and former EVP of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Gorelick" title="Jamie Gorelick">Jamie Gorelick</a>, partner, <a href="/wiki/Wilmer_Cutler_Pickering_Hale_and_Dorr" title="Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr">Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Huttenlocher" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel P. Huttenlocher">Daniel P. Huttenlocher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">dean</a> of the Schwarzman College of Computing, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_McGrath" title="Judy McGrath">Judy McGrath</a>, former CEO, <a href="/wiki/MTV_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Networks">MTV Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a>, former CEO, <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a>, former chairman and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Stonesifer" title="Patty Stonesifer">Patty Stonesifer</a>, president and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Table" title="Martha's Table">Martha's Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_P._Weeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendell P. Weeks">Wendell P. Weeks</a>, chairman, president and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Corning_Inc." title="Corning Inc.">Corning Inc.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3></div> The 10 largest shareholder of Amazon in early 2024 were:<a href="#cite_note-:2-56">[54]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Shareholder name </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> </td> <td>9.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a> </td> <td>7.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a> </td> <td>4.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street Corporation</a> </td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a> </td> <td>3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a> </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T._Rowe_Price" title="T. Rowe Price">T. Rowe Price</a> </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geode_Capital_Management" title="Geode Capital Management">Geode Capital Management</a> </td> <td>1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan">JP Morgan Investment Management</a> </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Vance" title="Eaton Vance">Eaton Vance</a> </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>63.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by business (2023)<a href="#cite_note-:2-56">[54]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Business </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td>Online Stores </td> <td>40.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third-party Seller Services </td> <td>24.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amazon Web Services </td> <td>15.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Advertising </td> <td>8.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subscription Services </td> <td>7.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical Stores </td> <td>3.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit">[update]</a>, Amazon.com is ranked eighth on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a> 2023 Amazon ranked 36th.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> For the fiscal year 2021, Amazon reported earnings of US$33.36 billion, with an annual revenue of US$469.82 billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 469.822 billion, due to continued business expansion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.<a href="#cite_note-4Q_2020-164">[162]</a> <table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> in million US$ </th> <th>Net income in million US$ </th> <th>Total Assets in million US$ </th> <th>Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1995<a href="#cite_note-auto3-166">[164]</a> </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>−0.3 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1996<a href="#cite_note-auto3-166">[164]</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>−6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1997<a href="#cite_note-auto3-166">[164]</a> </td> <td>148 </td> <td>−28 </td> <td>149 </td> <td>614 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1998<a href="#cite_note-auto2-167">[165]</a> </td> <td>610 </td> <td>−124 </td> <td>648 </td> <td>2,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1999<a href="#cite_note-auto2-167">[165]</a> </td> <td>1,639 </td> <td>−720 </td> <td>2,466 </td> <td>7,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2000<a href="#cite_note-auto2-167">[165]</a> </td> <td>2,761 </td> <td>−1,411 </td> <td>2,135 </td> <td>9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2001<a href="#cite_note-auto2-167">[165]</a> </td> <td>3,122 </td> <td>−567 </td> <td>1,638 </td> <td>7,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2002<a href="#cite_note-auto2-167">[165]</a> </td> <td>3,932 </td> <td>−149 </td> <td>1,990 </td> <td>7,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2003<a href="#cite_note-auto1-168">[166]</a> </td> <td>5,263 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>2,162 </td> <td>7,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2004<a href="#cite_note-auto1-168">[166]</a> </td> <td>6,921 </td> <td>588 </td> <td>3,248 </td> <td>9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2005<a href="#cite_note-auto1-168">[166]</a> </td> <td>8,490 </td> <td>359 </td> <td>3,696 </td> <td>12,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2006<a href="#cite_note-auto1-168">[166]</a> </td> <td>10,711 </td> <td>190 </td> <td>4,363 </td> <td>13,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2007<a href="#cite_note-auto1-168">[166]</a> </td> <td>14,835 </td> <td>476 </td> <td>6,485 </td> <td>17,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2008<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> </td> <td>19,166 </td> <td>645 </td> <td>8,314 </td> <td>20,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2009<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> </td> <td>24,509 </td> <td>902 </td> <td>13,813 </td> <td>24,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2010<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> </td> <td>34,204 </td> <td>1,152 </td> <td>18,797 </td> <td>33,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2011<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> </td> <td>48,077 </td> <td>631 </td> <td>25,278 </td> <td>56,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2012<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> </td> <td>61,093 </td> <td>−39 </td> <td>32,555 </td> <td>88,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2013<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> </td> <td>74,452 </td> <td>274 </td> <td>40,159 </td> <td>117,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2014<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> </td> <td>88,988 </td> <td>−241 </td> <td>54,505 </td> <td>154,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2015<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> </td> <td>107,006 </td> <td>596 </td> <td>64,747 </td> <td>230,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2016<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> </td> <td>135,987 </td> <td>2,371 </td> <td>83,402 </td> <td>341,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2017<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> </td> <td>177,866 </td> <td>3,033 </td> <td>131,310 </td> <td>566,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2018<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> </td> <td>232,887 </td> <td>10,073 </td> <td>162,648 </td> <td>647,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2019<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> </td> <td>280,522 </td> <td>11,588 </td> <td>225,248 </td> <td>798,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2020<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> </td> <td>386,064 </td> <td>21,331 </td> <td>321,195 </td> <td>1,298,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2021<a href="#cite_note-2022-10K-182">[180]</a> </td> <td>469,822 </td> <td>33,364 </td> <td>420,549 </td> <td>1,608,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2022<a href="#cite_note-2022-10K-182">[180]</a> </td> <td>513,983 </td> <td>−2,722 </td> <td>462,675 </td> <td>1,541,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">2023<a href="#cite_note-10K-1">[1]</a> </td> <td>574,785 </td> <td>30,425 </td> <td>527,854 </td> <td>1,525,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_culture">Corporate culture</h3></div> During his tenure, Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters, which have gained similar notability to those of <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-183">[181]</a> These annual letters gave an "invaluable window" into the famously "secretive" company, and revealed Bezos's perspectives and strategic focus.<a href="#cite_note-:7-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> A common theme of these letters is Bezos's desire to instill customer-centricity (in his words, "customer obsession") at all levels of Amazon, notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers. He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> One of Bezos's most well-known internal memos was his mandate for "all teams" to "expose their data and functionality" through service interfaces "designed from the ground up to be externalizable". This process, commonly known as a <a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architecture</a> (SOA), resulted in mandatory <a href="/wiki/Dogfooding" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogfooding">dogfooding</a> of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lobbying">Lobbying</h3></div> Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data protection</a> and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve</a>. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> In 2019, it spent $16.8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> Amazon.com was a corporate member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Legislative_Exchange_Council" title="American Legislative Exchange Council">American Legislative Exchange Council</a> (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the <a href="/wiki/Akin_Gump_Strauss_Hauer_%26_Feld" title="Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld">Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld</a> lobbying firm in June.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism of Amazon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg/220px-Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg/330px-Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg/440px-Anti-Amazon_sticker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>A sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle.</figcaption></figure>Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-192">[190]</a> forming cloud computing partnerships with the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>;<a href="#cite_note-vanity-fair-193">[191]</a> leading customers away from bookshops;<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> adversely impacting the environment;<a href="#cite_note-Cavaillez-195">[193]</a> placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers;<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> actively opposing unionization efforts;<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its <a href="/wiki/1-Click" title="1-Click">1-Click</a> technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and <a href="/wiki/Price_discrimination" title="Price discrimination">price discrimination</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:6-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-baum-200">[198]</a> and reclassifying <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> books as adult content.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> website, works containing <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">libel</a>, anti-LGBT merchandise, and material facilitating <a href="/wiki/Dog_fighting" title="Dog fighting">dogfight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">cockfight</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophile</a> activities. An article published by <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time</a> in the wake of social media website <a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a>'s termination of service by Amazon Web Service highlights the power companies like Amazon now have over the internet.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> Companies like <a href="/wiki/Groupon" title="Groupon">Groupon</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> and Taap have countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to <a href="/wiki/Brad_Stone_(journalist)" title="Brad Stone (journalist)">Brad Stone</a>, "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."<a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker-55">[53]</a> In July 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> In 2019, Amazon banned selling <a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">skin-lightening</a> products after pushback from Minnesota health and environmental activists.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> In 2022, a lawsuit filed by state attorney-general <a href="/wiki/Letitia_James" title="Letitia James">Letitia James</a> was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Amazon faced criticism for complying, under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden Administration</a>, to "reduce the visibility” of books critical of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> which was revealed after Rep. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jim Jordan</a> (acting on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a>) subpoenaed emails between the company and the Biden Administration.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Jane Friedman<a href="#cite_note-janefriedman/books-213">[211]</a> discovered six listings of books fraudulently using her name, on Amazon and <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a>. Amazon and Goodreads resisted removing the fraudulent titles until the author's complaints went viral on social media, in a blog post titled "I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This (Or: Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires)."<a href="#cite_note-janefriedman/rather-my-books-pirated-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica/2023/08/ai-generated-counterfeit-books-amazon-215">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-vice/v7b774-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost/amazon-goodreads-217">[215]</a> In 2024, following years of criticism for providing law enforcement footage in the custody of <a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> (a home security company owned by Amazon) without a warrant, Ring has halted this practice.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-218">[216]</a> It received cautious praise from privacy-focused organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> for this change.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-218">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Breakthrough_Novel_Award" title="Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award">Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Amazon Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">Amazon Standard Identification Number</a> (ASIN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Storywriter" title="Amazon Storywriter">Amazon Storywriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelcamelcamel" title="Camelcamelcamel">Camelcamelcamel</a> – a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Amazon.com</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax#Internal_price_on_carbon" title="Carbon tax">Internal carbon pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book_distributors" title="List of book distributors">List of book distributors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistically_improbable_phrase" title="Statistically improbable phrase">Statistically improbable phrases</a> – Amazon.com's phrase extraction technique for indexing books</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/6f3c99ed-5094-4fed-a9ad-e18cdbf37478">the original</a> on November 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ir.aboutamazon.com&rft.atitle=2010+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.aboutamazon.com%2Fstatic-files%2F6f3c99ed-5094-4fed-a9ad-e18cdbf37478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000117/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/02a49fbe-6860-4ed7-ade4-905bcf16a5e1">"2011 Annual Report"</a>. Ir.aboutamazon.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/02a49fbe-6860-4ed7-ade4-905bcf16a5e1">the original</a> on November 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ir.aboutamazon.com&rft.atitle=2011+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.aboutamazon.com%2Fstatic-files%2F02a49fbe-6860-4ed7-ade4-905bcf16a5e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172625/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28bfea7a-7b18-4ab0-ba03-581c6ccaa3a4">"2012 Annual Report"</a>. Ir.aboutamazon.com. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NASDAQ_AMZN_2018.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 27, 2020. 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Retrieved August 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Goodreads+was+the+future+of+book+reviews.+Then+Amazon+bought+it.&rft.date=2023-07-02&rft.aulast=O%27Donovan&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2023%2F07%2F01%2Famazon-goodreads-elizabeth-gilbert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127172246/https://www.npr.org/2024/01/25/1226942087/ring-will-no-longer-allow-police-to-request-users-doorbell-camera-footage">"Ring will no longer allow police to request users' doorbell camera footage : NPR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. January 27, 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/01/25/1226942087/ring-will-no-longer-allow-police-to-request-users-doorbell-camera-footage">the original</a> on January 27, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Ring+will+no+longer+allow+police+to+request+users%27+doorbell+camera+footage+%3A+NPR&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F01%2F25%2F1226942087%2Fring-will-no-longer-allow-police-to-request-users-doorbell-camera-footage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandt2011" class="citation book cs1">Brandt, Richard L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222035928/http://www.us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9781591843757,00.html">One Click: Jeff Bezos and the Rise of Amazon.com</a>. New York: Portfolio Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-375-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-375-7"><bdi>978-1-59184-375-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9781591843757,00.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Click%3A+Jeff+Bezos+and+the+Rise+of+Amazon.com&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Portfolio+Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59184-375-7&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.penguingroup.com%2Fnf%2FBook%2FBookDisplay%2F0%2C%2C9781591843757%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaisey2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Daisey" title="Mike Daisey">Daisey, Mike</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/21dogyearsdoingt00dais">21 Dog Years</a>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2580-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2580-5"><bdi>0-7432-2580-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=21+Dog+Years&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7432-2580-5&rft.aulast=Daisey&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F21dogyearsdoingt00dais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2004" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Mara (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amazoncomfordumm00frie">Amazon.com for Dummies</a>. Wiley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5840-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5840-4"><bdi>0-7645-5840-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazon.com+for+Dummies&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7645-5840-4&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famazoncomfordumm00frie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2004" class="citation book cs1">Marcus, James (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amazonia00marc">Amazonia: Five Years at the Epicenter of the Dot.Com Juggernaut</a>. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56584-870-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56584-870-5"><bdi>1-56584-870-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazonia%3A+Five+Years+at+the+Epicenter+of+the+Dot.Com+Juggernaut&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-56584-870-5&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famazonia00marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpector2000" class="citation book cs1">Spector, Robert (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amazoncomgetbigf00spec">Amazon.com – Get Big Fast: Inside the Revolutionary Business Model That Changed the World</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-662041-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-662041-4"><bdi>0-06-662041-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazon.com+%E2%80%93+Get+Big+Fast%3A+Inside+the+Revolutionary+Business+Model+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-06-662041-4&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famazoncomgetbigf00spec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Stone_(journalist)" title="Brad Stone (journalist)">Stone, Brad</a> (2013). <a href="/wiki/The_Everything_Store:_Jeff_Bezos_and_the_Age_of_Amazon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon">The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon</a>. New York: Little Brown and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-21926-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-21926-6"><bdi>978-0-316-21926-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/856249407">856249407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Everything+Store%3A+Jeff+Bezos+and+the+Age+of+Amazon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F856249407&rft.isbn=978-0-316-21926-6&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazon+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amazon.com" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/29px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/43px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/57px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Amazon">Amazon (company) companies</a> grouped at <a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li> <li>Business data for Amazon.com, Inc.: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AMZN:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AMZN:NASDAQ">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1018724">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AMZN">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amazon" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amazon" title="Template:Amazon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amazon" title="Template talk:Amazon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amazon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (Founder and Executive Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> (President and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Vogels" title="Werner Vogels">Werner Vogels</a> (CTO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Dalzell" title="Rick Dalzell">Rick Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Davis_(programmer)" title="Paul Davis (programmer)">Paul Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hsieh" title="Tony Hsieh">Tony Hsieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_North_(businessman)" title="Christopher North (businessman)">Christopher North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Szkutak" title="Tom Szkutak">Tom Szkutak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Valentine" title="Brian Valentine">Brian Valentine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_locations" title="List of Amazon locations">List of Amazon locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppler_(building)" title="Doppler (building)">Doppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_1_(building)" title="Day 1 (building)">Day 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_HQ2" title="Amazon HQ2">HQ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Place" title="Principal Place">Principal Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Spheres" title="Amazon Spheres">Spheres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_600" title="Bellevue 600">Bellevue 600</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbeBooks" title="AbeBooks">AbeBooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Clinic" title="Amazon Clinic">Amazon Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Helix_Games" title="Double Helix Games">Double Helix Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_University_Esports" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon University Esports">Amazon University Esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Labs" title="Annapurna Labs">Annapurna Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_Home" title="Blink Home">Blink Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_Labs" title="Body Labs">Body Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Depository" title="Book Depository">Book Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookFinder.com" title="BookFinder.com">BookFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads_Choice_Awards" title="Goodreads Choice Awards">Goodreads Choice Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphiq" title="Graphiq">Graphiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb#IMDbPro" title="IMDb">IMDbPro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Life_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="1Life Healthcare">One Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neighbors_(app)" title="Neighbors (app)">Neighbors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopbop" title="Shopbop">Shopbop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woot" title="Woot">Woot.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Web Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Machine_Image" title="Amazon Machine Image">AMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Aurora" title="Amazon Aurora">Amazon Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Elastic_Beanstalk" title="AWS Elastic Beanstalk">Beanstalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_CloudFront" title="Amazon CloudFront">CloudFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">DynamoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Block_Store" title="Amazon Elastic Block Store">EBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">EC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_File_System" title="Amazon Elastic File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_ElastiCache" title="Amazon ElastiCache">ElastiCache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_MapReduce" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Elastic MapReduce">EMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Glue" title="AWS Glue">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Lambda" title="AWS Lambda">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lightsail" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Lightsail">Lightsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turk" title="Amazon Mechanical Turk">MTurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Neptune" title="Amazon Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Product_Advertising_API" title="Amazon Product Advertising API">Product Advertising API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Relational_Database_Service" title="Amazon Relational Database Service">RDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Redshift" title="Amazon Redshift">Redshift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Rekognition" title="Amazon Rekognition">Rekognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Route_53" title="Amazon Route 53">Route 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SageMaker" title="Amazon SageMaker">SageMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Notification_Service" title="Amazon Simple Notification Service">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SimpleDB" title="Amazon SimpleDB">SimpleDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">SQS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Virtual_Private_Cloud" title="Amazon Virtual Private Cloud">VPC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Website">Amazon.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_China" title="Amazon China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Appstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Digital_Game_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Digital Game Store">Digital Game Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Luna" title="Amazon Luna">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_miniTV" title="Amazon miniTV">Amazon miniTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Key" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Music">Prime Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Now" title="Prime Now">Prime Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Pantry">Prime Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_on_Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Sports on Amazon Prime Video">Sports</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wondery" title="Wondery">Wondery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#AmazonWireless">Wireless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Astro" title="Amazon Astro">Astro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Show" title="Amazon Echo Show">Show</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Buds" title="Amazon Echo Buds">Echo Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HD" title="Fire HD">Fire HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HDX" title="Fire HDX">Fire HDX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV#Fire_TV_Stick" title="Amazon Fire TV">Stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-Click" title="1-Click">1-Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_(storage_system)" title="Dynamo (storage system)">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obidos_(software)" title="Obidos (software)">Obidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lumberyard" title="Amazon Lumberyard">Lumberyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Breakthrough_Novel_Award" title="Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award">Breakthrough Novel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon%27s_Best_Books_of_the_Year" title="Amazon's Best Books of the Year">Best Books of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a> (15%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Go" title="Amazon Go">Amazon Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Air" title="Amazon Prime Air">Amazon Prime Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43_Things" title="43 Things">43 Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askville" title="Askville">Askville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapedia" title="Amapedia">Amapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amie_Street" title="Amie Street">Amie Street</a> (<a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash" title="Amazon Dash">Dash buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash#Barcode_scanner" title="Amazon Dash">Dash wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapers.com" title="Diapers.com">Diapers.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Photography_Review" title="Digital Photography Review">Digital Photography Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Drive" title="Amazon Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless.com" title="Endless.com">Endless.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Phone" title="Fire Phone">Fire Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexcycle" title="Lexcycle">Lexcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquavista" title="Liquavista">Liquavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LivingSocial" title="LivingSocial">LivingSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_Entertainment" title="Reflexive Entertainment">Reflexive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellaband" title="Sellaband">Sellaband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelfari" title="Shelfari">Shelfari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenMarks_Education,_Inc." title="TenMarks Education, Inc.">TenMarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Truck" title="Treasure Truck">Treasure Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withoutabox" title="Withoutabox">Withoutabox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com,_Inc._v._Barnesandnoble.com,_Inc." title="Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.">Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com_Inc_v_Canada_(Commissioner_of_Patents)" title="Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)">Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">FTC v. Amazon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Light" title="Amazon Light">Amazon Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Banana_Stand" title="Community Banana Stand">Community Banana Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amazon_tax" title="Amazon tax">tax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fishbowl" title="Amazon Fishbowl">Fishbowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibraryThing" title="LibraryThing">LibraryThing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_brands" title="List of Amazon brands">List of Amazon brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_products_and_services" title="List of Amazon products and services">List of Amazon products and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Amazon" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon">List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Locker">Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistically_improbable_phrase" title="Statistically improbable phrase">Statistically improbable phrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Vine" title="Amazon Vine">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_worker_organization" title="Amazon worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Essential_Workers" title="Congress of Essential Workers">Congress of Essential Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Labor_Union" title="Amazon Labor Union">Amazon Labor Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Amazon_(company)" title="Category:Amazon (company)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jeff_Bezos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jeff_Bezos" title="Template:Jeff Bezos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jeff_Bezos" title="Template talk:Jeff Bezos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jeff_Bezos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jeff Bezos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jeff_Bezos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Amazon Appstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Luna" title="Amazon Luna">Amazon Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Amazon Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezos_Expeditions" title="Bezos Expeditions">Bezos Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezos_Family_Foundation" title="Bezos Family Foundation">Bezos Family Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post#Jeff_Bezos_era_(2013–present)" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg/45px-Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg/68px-Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg/90px-Jeff_Bezos_2016_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="463" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Jeff_Bezos" title="Family of Jeff Bezos">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Jorgensen" title="Ted Jorgensen">Ted Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Bezos" title="Miguel Bezos">Miguel Bezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Bezos" title="Jackie Bezos">Jackie Bezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bezos" title="Mark Bezos">Mark Bezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Lauren Sánchez">Lauren Sánchez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koru_(yacht)" title="Koru (yacht)">Koru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everything_Store" title="The Everything Store">The Everything Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Space_Barons" title="The Space Barons">The Space Barons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_(company)" title="ADP (company)">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansys" title="Ansys">Ansys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLovin" title="AppLovin">AppLovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDW" title="CDW">CDW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cintas" title="Cintas">Cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific Partners">Coca-Cola Europacific Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Energy" title="Constellation Energy">Constellation Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copart" title="Copart">Copart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoStar_Group" title="CoStar Group">CoStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datadog" title="Datadog">Datadog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexcom" title="Dexcom">Dexcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_Energy" title="Diamondback Energy">Diamondback Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoorDash" title="DoorDash">DoorDash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories" title="Idexx Laboratories">Idexx Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA_Corporation" title="KLA Corporation">KLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc">Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna" title="Moderna">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB_Inc." title="MongoDB Inc.">MongoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks" title="Palo Alto Networks">Palo Alto Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinduoduo" title="Pinduoduo">PDD Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals" title="Regeneron Pharmaceuticals">Regeneron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roper_Technologies" title="Roper Technologies">Roper Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trade_Desk" title="The Trade Desk">Trade Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy" title="Xcel Energy">Xcel Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zscaler" title="Zscaler">Zscaler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Components_of_the_Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average_companies" title="Template:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average_companies" title="Template talk:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Components_of_the_Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Components of the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Depot" title="Home Depot">Home Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin-Williams" title="Sherwin-Williams">Sherwin-Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">Travelers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">UnitedHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seattle-based_Corporations_(within_the_Seattle_metropolitan_area)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seattle_Corporations" title="Template:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seattle_Corporations" title="Template talk:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seattle_Corporations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seattle-based_Corporations_(within_the_Seattle_metropolitan_area)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Seattle" title="List of companies based in Seattle">Seattle-based Corporations</a> (within the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle metropolitan area</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/SeaTac,_Washington" title="SeaTac, Washington">SeaTac</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a> (#360)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon.com</a> (#2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedia_Group" title="Expedia Group">Expedia Group</a> (#263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditors_International" title="Expeditors International">Expeditors International</a> (#389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a> (#205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> (#114)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a> (#457)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_region" title="Puget Sound region">Puget Sound</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Companies listed above, plus: <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco Wholesale</a> (#14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (#21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> (#118)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Energy" title="Puget Sound Energy">Puget Sound Energy</a> (#710)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_region" title="Puget Sound region">Puget Sound</a>-based non-public or externally owned corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish_Games" title="Big Fish Games">Big Fish Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darigold" title="Darigold">Darigold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bauer" title="Eddie Bauer">Eddie Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Soda" title="Jones Soda">Jones Soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Nash Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QFC" title="QFC">QFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REI" title="REI">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeco" title="Safeco">Safeco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ebooks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ebooks" title="Template:Ebooks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ebooks" title="Template talk:Ebooks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ebooks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ebooks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ebooks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_e-book_formats" title="Comparison of e-book formats">Formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">ePub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FictionBook" title="FictionBook">FictionBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_archive" title="Comic book archive">CBR/CBZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_File_Format" title="Kindle File Format">Kindle File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">Plain text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBooks_Author" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Author">IBA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nook" title="Barnes & Noble Nook">Barnes & Noble Nook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookeen" title="Bookeen">Bookeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elonex_ebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Elonex ebook">Elonex ebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnTourage_eDGe" title="EnTourage eDGe">enTourage eDGe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanlin_eReader" title="Hanlin eReader">Hanlin eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRiver_Story" title="IRiver Story">iRiver Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_eReader" title="Kobo eReader">Kobo eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Boox" title="Onyx Boox">Onyx Boox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Logic" title="Plastic Logic">Plastic Logic Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketBook_International" title="PocketBook International">PocketBook eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_eBook" title="Rocket eBook">Rocket eBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBook" title="SoftBook">SoftBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Adobe Acrobat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Digital_Editions" title="Adobe Digital Editions">Adobe Digital Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldiko" title="Aldiko">Aldiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Apple Books</a> (iBooks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_Aquafadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuten Aquafadas">Aquafadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blio" title="Blio">Blio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefire_Reader" title="Bluefire Reader">Bluefire Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBReader" title="FBReader">FBReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foliate_(software)" title="Foliate (software)">Foliate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Google Play Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindle app">Kindle app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu">Kitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector_(software)" title="Lector (software)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lektz" title="Lektz">Lektz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifox" title="Lucifox">Lucifox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Reader" title="Microsoft Reader">Microsoft Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuPDF" title="MuPDF">MuPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">Okular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive_Media_Console" title="OverDrive Media Console">OverDrive Media Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapplify" title="Snapplify">Snapplify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STDU_Viewer" title="STDU Viewer">STDU Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra_PDF" title="Sumatra PDF">Sumatra PDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABBYY_FineReader" title="ABBYY FineReader">ABBYY FineReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RoboHelp" title="Adobe RoboHelp">Adobe RoboHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_Aquafadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuten Aquafadas">Aquafadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_Word_Processor" title="Atlantis Word Processor">Atlantis Word Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booktype" title="Booktype">Booktype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra" title="Calligra">Calligra Author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collabora_Online" title="Collabora Online">Collabora Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXeLearning" title="EXeLearning">eXeLearning</a></li> <li>Help & Manual</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelpNDoc" title="HelpNDoc">HelpNDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBooks_Author" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Author">iBooks Author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IStudio_Publisher" title="IStudio Publisher">iStudio Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MadCap_Software" title="MadCap Software">MadCap Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_XML_Editor" title="Oxygen XML Editor">Oxygen XML Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PagePlus" title="PagePlus">PagePlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">QuarkXPress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrivener_(software)" title="Scrivener (software)">Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigil_(application)" title="Sigil (application)">Sigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer2epub" title="Writer2epub">Writer2epub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ebook_suppliers" title="Category:Ebook suppliers">Vendors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Apple Books Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Amazon Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baen_Free_Library" title="Baen Free Library">Baen Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booktrack" title="Booktrack">Booktrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookWalker" title="BookWalker">BookWalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedbooks" title="Feedbooks">Feedbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarir_Bookstore" title="Jarir Bookstore">Jarir.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Sony Reader Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncommercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aozora_Bunko" title="Aozora Bunko">Aozora Bunko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faded_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="Faded Page">Faded Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Canada" title="Project Gutenberg Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_e-readers" title="Comparison of e-readers">Comparison of ebook readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_iOS_e-reader_software" title="Comparison of iOS e-reader software">Comparison of iOS ebook reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Android_e-reader_software" title="Comparison of Android e-reader software">Comparison of Android ebook reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-book_lending" title="E-book lending">E-book lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBooks_Author_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Author Conference">iBooks Author Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Digital_Publishing_Forum" title="International Digital Publishing Forum">International Digital Publishing Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_single" title="Kindle single">Kindle single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Publication_Distribution_System" title="Open Publication Distribution System">OPDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflowable_document" title="Reflowable document">Reflowable document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_publishing" title="Semantic publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amazon_MGM_Studios" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Template:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Template talk:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amazon_MGM_Studios" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a> <dl><dt>Predecessors</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metro_Pictures" title="Metro Pictures">Metro Pictures</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goldwyn_Pictures" title="Goldwyn Pictures">Goldwyn Pictures</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer_Pictures" title="Louis B. Mayer Pictures">Louis B. Mayer Productions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dt>Founders</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Loew" title="Marcus Loew">Marcus Loew</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></dd> <dt>Chairwoman and CEO</dt> <dd>Jennifer Salke</dd> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motion Picture Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Classics" title="Orion Classics">Orion Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV & Digital Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Television" title="MGM Television">MGM Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightworkers_Media" title="Lightworkers Media">Lightworkers Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="MGM_channels" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MGM channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">Joint ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rede_Telecine" title="Rede Telecine">Telecine</a> (13%)</li></ul></li> <li>Operator <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Home_Entertainment" title="MGM Home Entertainment">MGM Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Music">MGM Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Lion_(MGM)" title="Leo the Lion (MGM)">Leo the Lion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">G2 Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM HD">MGM HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Interactive">MGM Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Networks" title="MGM Networks">MGM Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM/UA_Premiere_Network" title="MGM/UA Premiere Network">MGM/UA Premiere Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Animation/Visual_Arts" title="MGM Animation/Visual Arts">MGM Animation/Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(TV_network)" title="The Works (TV network)">The Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_Animation" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation">MGM Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">MGM Camera 65</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100">Billboard Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100">Billboard Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts">Rolling Stone Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)">Idol franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Females)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label" title="White label">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_industry" title="Category:Music industry">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_mobile_device_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_mobile_device_companies" title="Template:Major mobile device companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_mobile_device_companies" title="Template talk:Major mobile device companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_mobile_device_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major mobile device companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_mobile_device_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile device</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advan_(brand)" title="Advan (brand)">Advan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alba_(brand)" title="Alba (brand)">Alba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLU_Products" title="BLU Products">BLU Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_(brand)" title="Bush (brand)">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gionee" title="Gionee">Gionee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fitbit" title="Fitbit">Fitbit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisense" title="Hisense">Hisense </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_(brand)" title="Honor (brand)">Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizu" title="Meizu">Meizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lumia" title="Microsoft Lumia">Lumia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMD_Global" title="HMD Global">HMD Global</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubia_Technology" title="Nubia Technology">Nubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Boox" title="Onyx Boox">Onyx Boox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppo" title="Oppo">Oppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OnePlus" title="OnePlus">OnePlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realme" title="Realme">Realme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCL_Technology" title="TCL Technology">TCL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel_Mobile" title="Alcatel Mobile">Alcatel Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Mobile" title="BlackBerry Mobile">BlackBerry Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transsion" title="Transsion">Transsion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_Mobile" title="Tecno Mobile">Tecno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinix_Mobile" title="Infinix Mobile">Infinix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itel_Mobile" title="Itel Mobile">Itel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinno_Mobile" title="Tinno Mobile">Tinno Mobile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiko" title="Wiko">Wiko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Corporation" title="True Corporation">True</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VinSmart" title="VinSmart">VinSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivo_(technology_company)" title="Vivo (technology company)">Vivo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IQOO" title="IQOO">iQOO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redmi" title="Redmi">Redmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POCO_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="POCO (company)">POCO</a></li> <li>Black Shark</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a></li> <li>Zoostorm</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_technology_companies" title="Category:Mobile technology companies">Category:Mobile technology companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Category:Mobile phone manufacturers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_Internet_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template talk:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_Internet_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$4 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Internet_companies" title="List of largest Internet companies">Internet </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">Kakao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meituan" title="Meituan">Meituan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Corporation" title="Naver Corporation">Naver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">Apple iCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ServiceNow" title="ServiceNow">ServiceNow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E-commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedia" title="Expedia">Expedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupon" title="Groupon">Groupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazada_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazada Group">Lazada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopee" title="Shopee">Shopee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suning.com" title="Suning.com">Suning.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip.com" title="Trip.com">Trip.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayfair" title="Wayfair">Wayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalando" title="Zalando">Zalando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Streaming" title="Paramount Streaming">Paramount Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dot-com_bubble" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Template:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Template talk:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dot-com_bubble" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Aegerter" title="Daniel Aegerter">Daniel Aegerter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bernard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Bernard">Bob Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Blodget" title="Henry Blodget">Henry Blodget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James H. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Davis_(businessman)" title="Bob Davis (businessman)">Bob Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ebbers" title="Bernard Ebbers">Bernard Ebbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Filo" title="David Filo">David Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gasparino" title="Charlie Gasparino">Charlie Gasparino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grasso" title="Richard Grasso">Richard Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Grubman" title="Jack Grubman">Jack Grubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Harris_(entrepreneur)" title="Josh Harris (entrepreneur)">Josh Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Hawkins" title="Jeff Hawkins">Jeff Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jonas" title="Howard Jonas">Howard Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kearby" title="Gerry Kearby">Gerry Kearby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Koogle" title="Timothy Koogle">Timothy Koogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lay" title="Kenneth Lay">Kenneth Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Levitt" title="Arthur Levitt">Arthur Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Meeker" title="Mary Meeker">Mary Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_Mafia" title="PayPal Mafia">PayPal Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Leary" title="Kevin O'Leary">Kevin O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Olim" title="Jason Olim">Jason Olim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Paternot" title="Stephan Paternot">Stephan Paternot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rutt" title="Jim Rutt">Jim Rutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Saylor" title="Michael J. Saylor">Michael J. Saylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Skilling" title="Jeffrey Skilling">Jeffrey Skilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer" title="Eliot Spitzer">Eliot Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_D._Sullivan" title="Scott D. Sullivan">Scott D. Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleil_Isaza_Tuzman" title="Kaleil Isaza Tuzman">Kaleil Isaza Tuzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Wainwright" title="Julie Wainwright">Julie Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Yang" title="Jerry Yang">Jerry Yang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360networks" title="360networks">360networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AboveNet" title="AboveNet">AboveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actua_Corporation" title="Actua Corporation">Actua Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspan_Networks" title="Airspan Networks">Airspan Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alteon_WebSystems" title="Alteon WebSystems">Alteon WebSystems</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">America Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Andersen" title="Arthur Andersen">Arthur Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask Jeeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Coat_Systems" title="Blue Coat Systems">Blue Coat Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boo.com" title="Boo.com">Boo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books-A-Million" title="Books-A-Million">Books-A-Million</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_Sports" title="Broadband Sports">Broadband Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast.com" title="Broadcast.com">Broadcast.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemdex" title="Chemdex">Chemdex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Connect" title="Steel Connect">CMGI Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_Networks" title="Cobalt Networks">Cobalt Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_One" title="Commerce One">Commerce One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covad" title="Covad">Covad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberian_Outpost" title="Cyberian Outpost">Cyberian Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberRebate" title="CyberRebate">CyberRebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digex" title="Digex">Digex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CueCat" title="CueCat">Digital Convergence Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Insight" title="Digital Insight">Digital Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine,_Inc." title="Divine, Inc.">Divine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGain" title="EGain">eGain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egghead_Software" title="Egghead Software">Egghead Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemic_Marketing" title="Epidemic Marketing">Epidemic Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excite_(web_portal)" title="Excite (web portal)">Excite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooz.com" title="Flooz.com">Flooz.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freei" title="Freei">Freei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadzoox" title="Gadzoox">Gadzoox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities">GeoCities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Crossing" title="Global Crossing">Global Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GovWorks" title="GovWorks">govWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handspring,_Inc." title="Handspring, Inc.">Handspring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healtheon" title="Healtheon">Healtheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeGrocer" title="HomeGrocer">HomeGrocer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotBot" title="HotBot">HotBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoseek" title="Infoseek">Infoseek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoSpace" title="InfoSpace">InfoSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inktomi" title="Inktomi">Inktomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Intelligence" title="Interactive Intelligence">Interactive Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_America" title="Internet America">Internet America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVillage" title="IVillage">iVillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWon" title="IWon">iWon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozmo.com" title="Kozmo.com">Kozmo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lastminute.com" title="Lastminute.com">lastminute.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Learning_Company" title="The Learning Company">The Learning Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Audio" title="Liquid Audio">Liquid Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LookSmart" title="LookSmart">LookSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(web_hosting)" title="Tripod (web hosting)">Tripod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarchFirst" class="mw-redirect" title="MarchFirst">MarchFirst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStrategy" title="MicroStrategy">MicroStrategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net2Phone" title="Net2Phone">Net2Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBank" title="NetBank">NetBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NorthPoint_Communications" title="NorthPoint Communications">NorthPoint Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets.com" title="Pets.com">Pets.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFSweb" title="PFSweb">PFSweb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelon" title="Pixelon">Pixelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLX_Technology" title="PLX Technology">PLX Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)" title="Prodigy (online service)">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo.com" title="Pseudo.com">Pseudo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radvision" title="Radvision">Radvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razorfish_(company)" title="Razorfish (company)">Razorfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redback_Networks" title="Redback Networks">Redback Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register.com" title="Register.com">Register.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritmoteca.com" title="Ritmoteca.com">Ritmoteca.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savvis" title="Savvis">Savvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Electromedia" title="Scout Electromedia">Scout Electromedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modo_(wireless_device)" title="Modo (wireless device)">modo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(company)" title="Terra (company)">Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGlobe.com" title="TheGlobe.com">theGlobe.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Tools" title="Think Tools">Think Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIBCO_Software" title="TIBCO Software">TIBCO Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradex_Technologies" title="Tradex Technologies">Tradex Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmeta" title="Transmeta">Transmeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBid" title="UBid">uBid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Online" title="United Online">United Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USinternetworking" title="USinternetworking">USinternetworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUNET" title="UUNET">UUNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeknet" title="Geeknet">VA Linux Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verio" title="Verio">Verio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VerticalNet" title="VerticalNet">VerticalNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_Corporation" title="Vignette Corporation">Vignette Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebChat_Broadcasting_System" title="WebChat Broadcasting System">WebChat Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcepoint" title="Forcepoint">Websense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webvan" title="Webvan">Webvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCI_Inc." title="MCI Inc.">WorldCom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Online" title="World Online">World Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enron_scandal" title="Enron scandal">Enron scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_exuberance" title="Irrational exuberance">Irrational exuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act" title="Sarbanes–Oxley Act">Sarbanes–Oxley Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecoms_crash" title="Telecoms crash">Telecoms crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Kenneth_Lay_and_Jeffrey_Skilling" title="Trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling">Trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldCom_scandal" title="WorldCom scandal">WorldCom scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_on_the_Street" title="Blood on the Street">Blood on the Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_Fools" title="Conspiracy of Fools">Conspiracy of Fools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Industry_Standard" title="The Industry Standard">The Industry Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_PayPal_Wars" title="The PayPal Wars">The PayPal Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-Dreams" title="E-Dreams">e-Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enron:_The_Smartest_Guys_in_the_Room" title="Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room">Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup.com" title="Startup.com">Startup.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Boom" title="Valley of the Boom">Valley of the Boom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dot-com_bubble" title="Category:Dot-com bubble">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000103167795">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/173278077">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/752301/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10177530-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n99285360">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13752028p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13752028p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00817133">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2011619766&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX270019">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6020732">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000249411&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000333739&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/6nfxh4t64jzrf7ds">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639205205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007526334905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517925706706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15674722?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079268455">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/11076740-0966-4c19-ac63-98e3d580be4c">MusicBrainz label</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&oldid=1261132072">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&oldid=1261132072</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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