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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premis_i_reconeixements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premis_i_reconeixements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Premis i reconeixements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premis_i_reconeixements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catàleg_d'obres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catàleg_d'obres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catàleg d'obres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catàleg_d'obres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Boulez</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 52 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بيير بوليه - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيير بوليه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%86)" title="بيير بوليه (ملحن) - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيير بوليه (ملحن)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyer_Bulez" title="Pyer Bulez - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pyer Bulez" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="П’ер Булез - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="П’ер Булез" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Пиер Булез - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиер Булез" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B6" title="Πιερ Μπουλέζ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιερ Μπουλέζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2" title="پیر بولز - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیر بولز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%96" title="פייר בולז - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פייר בולז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ピエール・ブーレーズ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエール・ブーレーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="პიერ ბულეზი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიერ ბულეზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B6%88%EB%A0%88%EC%A6%88" title="피에르 불레즈 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피에르 불레즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Boulez" title="Petrus Boulez - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Boulez" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Пјер Булез - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пјер Булез" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Булез, Пьер - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Булез, Пьер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="П'єр Булез - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'єр Булез" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pierre Boulez" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9" title="皮埃尔·布莱兹 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮埃尔·布莱兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificau enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Pierre_Boulez" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Pierre_Boulez" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&oldid=34875823" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Pierre_Boulez&id=34875823&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPierre_Boulez"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPierre_Boulez"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pierre+Boulez"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pierre_Boulez&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pierre_Boulez" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156193" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-style" style="" data-severity="1"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/35px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/53px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/70px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Aquest article o secció necessita millorar una <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Traduccions" title="Viquipèdia:Traduccions">traducció</a> deficient</b>.<br /><span style="font-size:90%;" class="hide-when-compact">Podeu col·laborar-hi si coneixeu prou la llengua d'origen. També podeu <a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Pierre_Boulez&veaction=edit&preloadtitle=Millorar+la+traducci%C3%B3&section=new&preload=Plantilla:Millorar_traducció/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=%3E">iniciar un fil de discussió</a> per consultar com es pot millorar. Elimineu aquest avís si creieu que està solucionat raonablement.</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33733479">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Pierre Boulez</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Boulez25oct2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imatge"><img alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Boulez25oct2004.jpg/300px-Boulez25oct2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Boulez25oct2004.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="img_toogle_caption">Pierre Boulez</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">(fr) <span lang="fr">Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P1477" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br />26 març 1925 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Montbrison" title="Montbrison">Montbrison (França)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P19" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">5 gener 2016 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (90 anys)<br /><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden (Alemanya)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P20" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Residència</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P551" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Nacionalitat</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Formació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Conservatori_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Conservatori de París">Conservatoire de Paris</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P69" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Camp de treball</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música">Música</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Compositor" title="Compositor">Compositor</a>, pedagog i <a href="/wiki/Director_d%27orquestra" title="Director d'orquestra">director d'orquestra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Activitat</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">1945 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P2031" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> - </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">catedràtic</a> <small>(1976–1995) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P108" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15646111" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15646111">Acadèmia de les Arts de l'RDA</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Americana_de_les_Arts_i_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies" title="Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Ciències">Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Ciències</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q812155" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q812155">Acadèmia Bavaresa de Belles Arts</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Americana_de_les_Arts_i_les_Lletres" title="Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Lletres">Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Lletres</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Alemanya_de_la_Llengua_i_la_Poesia" title="Acadèmia Alemanya de la Llengua i la Poesia">Acadèmia Alemanya de la Llengua i la Poesia</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_de_les_Arts_de_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Acadèmia de les Arts de Berlín">Acadèmia de les Arts de Berlín</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Europea_de_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies_i_les_Arts" title="Acadèmia Europea de les Ciències i les Arts">Acadèmia Europea de les Ciències i les Arts</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30907154" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q30907154">Acadèmia Nacional de Belles Arts d'Argentina</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gènere</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Música clàssica">Música clàssica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P136" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Moviment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cl%C3%A0ssica_del_segle_XX" title="Música clàssica del segle XX">Música clàssica del segle XX</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P135" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Professors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P1066" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alumnes</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1420733" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1420733">Jean-Claude Casadesus</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17634412" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17634412">Lourival Silvestre</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P802" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Influències</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schönberg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P737" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Instrument</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P1303" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Segell discogràfic</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7562453" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7562453">Sony Classical</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P264" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Obra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox-label" style="text-align:start;"><b>Obres destacables</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(1954)</small> <a href="/wiki/Le_Marteau_sans_ma%C3%AEtre" title="Le Marteau sans maître">Le Marteau sans maître</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P800" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Premis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(2015)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q798054" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q798054">premi Bach de la ciutat lliure i hanseàtica d'Hamburg</a>../... 31+ <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#P166" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0099518" title="IMDB: nm0099518"><img alt="IMDB: nm0099518" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/20px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" 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width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span><span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156193?uselang=ca#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pierre Boulez</b> (<a href="/wiki/Montbrison" title="Montbrison">Montbrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/26_de_mar%C3%A7" title="26 de març">26 de març</a> de <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> - <a href="/wiki/Baden_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden Baden">Baden Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_de_gener" title="5 de gener">5 de gener</a> de <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>) fou un <a href="/wiki/Compositor" title="Compositor">compositor</a>, pedagog i <a href="/wiki/Director_d%27orquestra" title="Director d'orquestra">director d'orquestra</a> <a href="/wiki/Francesos" title="Francesos">francès</a>. </p><p>Fou un símbol de la <a href="/wiki/Avantguardisme" title="Avantguardisme">música d'avantguarda</a> del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. Dels compositors de la seva generació, Boulez va ser el més famós, el més escoltat i el més temut. El seu poder i influència va ser molt més gran pel fet que el compositor va ser també un director prominent, teòric i el cap de les institucions i un polemista formidable.<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boulez ha estat considerat una de les veus més influents en la música contemporània des de la dècada de 1950 i, com a director d'orquestra, fou molt sol·licitat en ambdós costats de l'Atlàntic.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Va sacsejar el món de la música i va assentar noves bases, en una contínua recerca de la novetat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Biografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Va iniciar estudis de <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tiques" title="Matemàtiques">matemàtiques</a> al Politècnic de <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%B3" title="Lió">Lió</a>, abans d'ingressar el <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> en les classes d'<a href="/wiki/Harmonia_musical" title="Harmonia musical">harmonia</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> al <a href="/wiki/Conservatori_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Conservatori de París">Conservatori Nacional Superior de Música de París</a>. També va estudiar contrapunt amb <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Vaurabourg" title="Andrée Vaurabourg">Andrée Vaurabourg</a> (esposa del compositor <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%AFssa" title="Suïssa">suís</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a>) i la tècnica dodecafònica amb el compositor i director <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Leibowitz" title="René Leibowitz">René Leibowitz</a>. </p><p>Va començar conreant música <a href="/wiki/Atonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonal">atonal</a> dins d'un estil serial post-<a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">webernià</a> influït per <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a>. Aquest <a href="/wiki/Serialisme" title="Serialisme">serialisme</a>, a diferència del <a href="/wiki/Dodecafonisme" title="Dodecafonisme">dodecafonisme</a>, no només aplicava el concepte de sèrie a l'altura de les notes, sinó també a altres variables del <a href="/wiki/So" title="So">so</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ritme" title="Ritme">ritmes</a>, dinàmiques, atacs, etc. Això va originar l'anomenat <a href="/wiki/Serialisme_integral" title="Serialisme integral">serialisme integral</a>, corrent estètic del qual va ser un dels principals representants al costat de compositors com ara <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Luigi Nono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a> o <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>. Boulez va publicar molts articles a la revista <i><a href="/wiki/Tel_Quel" title="Tel Quel">Tel Quel</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pierre_Boulez_(1968).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg/220px-Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg/330px-Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg/440px-Pierre_Boulez_%281968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="1859" /></a><figcaption>Pierre Boulez (1968)</figcaption></figure> <p>En el terreny de la direcció, va guanyar experiència com a director del conjunt instrumental de la companyia Renaud-Barrault, amb seu al famós teatre de Marigni de <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, de la direcció musical de la qual es va fer càrrec des del 1946. Posteriorment, el 1953 fundà a París el seu propi cicle de concerts, el Domaine Musical, amb un conjunt instrumental autònom. Finançat gairebé només pel mecenatge privat, el Domaine Musical es convertí immediatament en un dels catalitzadors de la modernitat musical de la capital francesa.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Continuant la tasca de figures com <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Var%C3%A8se" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Varèse">Edgar Varèse</a>, va ser un dels precursors de la música clàssica electrònica. Un dels seus treballs més rellevants en aquest camp és <i>Répons</i> (per a sis solistes, orquestra i electrònica). En el decenni de 1950 experimentà amb la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_aleat%C3%B2ria" title="Música aleatòria">música aleatòria</a>, mantenint una notable correspondència amb <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>. </p><p>Boulez sovint reprèn obres del seu repertori per a la seva revisió: l'última de les seves tres sonates per a piano, per exemple, és una obra "oberta" que ha estat en contínua revisió des de la seva estrena el 1957 (només s'han publicat dos dels seus cinc moviments), i <i>...explosante-fixe...</i>, un concert per a <a href="/wiki/Flauta" title="Flauta">flauta</a> i electrònica, va ser primerament escrit en els <a href="/wiki/Anys_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Anys 70">anys 70</a> i completament revisat en els <a href="/wiki/Anys_90" class="mw-redirect" title="Anys 90">anys 90</a>. </p><p>El 1970, el president francès <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> va convidar Boulez a crear i dirigir una institució per a l'exploració i desenvolupament de la música moderna, donant lloc a l'<a href="/wiki/IRCAM" class="mw-redirect" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a> (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique), del qual Boulez va ser director fins a 1992. A part de la seva tasca com a compositor, Boulez fou un reconegut director d'orquestra, especialitzat en obres d'autors de la primera meitat del segle XX com <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schönberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dgor_Stravinski" title="Ígor Stravinski">Ígor Stravinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> i <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Var%C3%A8se" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Varèse">Edgar Varèse</a>. </p><p>Va dirigir <a href="/wiki/%C3%92pera" title="Òpera">òperes</a>, com ara la primera representació completa de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulu_(Berg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulu (Berg) (encara no existeix)">Lulu</a></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>, que tingué lloc a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, i obres de <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> al <a href="/wiki/Festival_de_Bayreuth" title="Festival de Bayreuth">Festival de Bayreuth</a> el <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>. Va estrenar obres de nombrosos autors contemporanis com <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliott_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliott Carter (encara no existeix)">Elliott Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Neuwirth" title="Olga Neuwirth">Olga Neuwirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/York_H%C3%B6ller" title="York Höller">York Höller</a>, i del compositor nord-americà <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>. </p><p>Fou director de l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Filharm%C3%B2nica_de_Nova_York" title="Orquestra Filharmònica de Nova York">Orquestra Filharmònica de Nova York</a> des de <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> fins a <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, càrrec en què va succeir a <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>. Entre <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> i <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>, Boulez va obtenir la càtedra de Composició, Tècnica i Llenguatge Musical al famós <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>. Així mateix, Boulez va treballar com a director de l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Simf%C3%B2nica_de_la_BBC" title="Orquestra Simfònica de la BBC">Orquestra Simfònica de la BBC</a> des de <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> fins a <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>. També ha estat principal director convidat en l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Simf%C3%B2nica_de_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Orquestra Simfònica de Chicago">Orquestra Simfònica de Chicago</a> i ha dirigit regularment l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Filharm%C3%B2nica_de_Viena" title="Orquestra Filharmònica de Viena">Orquestra Filharmònica de Viena</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Filharm%C3%B2nica_de_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Orquestra Filharmònica de Berlín">Orquestra Filharmònica de Berlín</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Simf%C3%B2nica_de_Londres" title="Orquestra Simfònica de Londres">Orquestra Simfònica de Londres</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Orquestra_de_Cleveland" title="Orquestra de Cleveland">Orquestra de Cleveland</a> i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne_Festival_Academy_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucerne Festival Academy Orchestra (encara no existeix)">Lucerne Festival Academy Orchestra</a>, amb les quals ha realitzat diversos enregistraments i cicles complets, com ara la integral de les simfonies de <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> per al segell alemany <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premis_i_reconeixements">Premis i reconeixements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Premis i reconeixements"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>- <a href="/wiki/Premi_de_M%C3%BAsica_Polar" class="mw-redirect" title="Premi de Música Polar">Polar Music Prize</a>, un premi concedit per la <a href="/wiki/Reial_Acad%C3%A8mia_Sueca_de_M%C3%BAsica" title="Reial Acadèmia Sueca de Música">Reial Acadèmia Sueca de Música</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>- <a href="/wiki/Premi_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3_Wolf_de_les_Arts" title="Premi de la Fundació Wolf de les Arts">Premi de la Fundació Wolf de les Arts</a> de <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>- <a href="/wiki/Premi_Grawemeyer" title="Premi Grawemeyer">Premi Grawemeyer de Composició</a> per la seva obra <i>Sur Incises.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>- <a href="/wiki/Premi_Glenn_Gould" title="Premi Glenn Gould">Premi Glenn Gould</a> pel conjunt de la seva aportació musical.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catàleg_d'obres"><span id="Cat.C3.A0leg_d.27obres"></span>Catàleg d'obres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Catàleg d'obres"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les obres de Pierre Boulez són de vegades difícils de datar, ja que algunes d'elles han estat obres en procés de creació permanent, amb diverses versions i llargs períodes de treball entre elles. </p> <table style="background:#ffffff" align="top" class="sortable wikitable"> <caption align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"><b>Catàleg d'obres de Pierre Boulez</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="70 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Any </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Obra </th> <th width="200 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Tipus d'obra </th> <th width="60 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Duració </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><b>Tres Salmòdies</b>, per a piano [fora de catàleg]</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><b> Variations</b>, para piano main gauche [fora de catàleg]</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945-46</td> <td><b>Quatuor pour quatre ondes Martenot</b> [fora de catàleg]</td> <td>Música solista</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><b>Sonatina per a flauta travessera y piano</b></td> <td>Música instrumental (duo)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><b>Douze Notations</b> per a piano (hi ha versió orquestral de 1980)</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><b>Sonata per a piano nº 1</b></td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>10:15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946-47</td> <td><b>Le Visage nuptial</b> (rev. 1951-52, 1957, 1985-89), para soprano, contralt, cor de veus femenines i gran orquestra.</td> <td>Música vocal</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td><b>Symphonie concertante</b>, per a piano i orquestra [perduda]</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947-48</td> <td><b>Sonata per a piano nº 2</b></td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>27:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><b>Le Soleil des eaux</b>, per a soprano, cor mixt i orquestra, segons dos poemes de René Char</td> <td>Música vocal</td> <td>10:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><b>Sonate pour deux pianos</b> [revisió del «Quatuor pour quatre ondes Martenot I»; fora de catàleg]</td> <td>Música solista (dos pianos)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948-49</td> <td><b>Livre pour quatuor</b></td> <td>Música de cambra</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950-51</td> <td><b>Poliphonie X</b>, per a 18 instruments solistes [fora de catàleg]</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td><b>Oubli signal lapidé</b>, per a dotze veus [inèdita]</td> <td>Música vocal</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951-52</td> <td><b>Structures pour deux pianos.</b> Primer llibre.</td> <td>Música solista (dos pianos)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><b>Estudis I y II</b> (música concreta), per a cinta magnetofònica</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953-55</td> <td><b>Le marteau sans maître</b> (El martell sense amo), contralt, flauta en sol, alto, guitarra, vibràfon, xilorimba i percussió</td> <td>Música vocal (orquestra)</td> <td>32:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td>Música per la pel·lícula <b>La Symphonie mecanique</b> (Jean Mitry)</td> <td>Música de pel·lícula</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td><b>Structures pour deux pianos. Segon llibre</b> (Structures)</td> <td>Música solista (dos pianos)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td>Música d'escena per a l<b>Orestiada</b>, en el Festival de Burdeus</td> <td>Música teatral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><b>Improvisation II sur Mallarmé, "Une dentelle s'abolit"</b>, per a soprano i nou instruments</td> <td>Música vocal-instrumental</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><b>Le Visage nuptial</b> (1946, rev. 1957), soprano, contralt, cor femení i orquestra</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>30:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><b>Le Crépuscule de Yang Koué-Fei</b>, música per la peça radiofònica de Louise Fauré [inèdita]</td> <td>Música radiofònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><b>Strophes</b>, per a flauta travessera [inèdita]</td> <td>Música solista (flauta)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><b>Don</b>, per a soprano i orquestra (posteriorment incorporada a «Pli selon Pli»)</td> <td>Música vocal-orquestral)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957-58</td> <td><b>Figures-Doubles-Prismes</b>, per a gran orquestra (rev. 1968)</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>22:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957-58</td> <td><b>Sonata per a piano nº 3</b> (sense finalitzar: s'han publicat dos dels cinc moviments)</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>26:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957-62</td> <td><b>Pli selon pli "Portrait de Mallarmé"</b>, soprano, arpa, vibràfon, celesta, piano, percussió i orquestra (rev. 1989)</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>68:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><b>Poésie pour pouvoir</b>, solista, 3 orquestres i 4 cintes magnetofòniques</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><b>Le soleil des eaux</b> (1948, ver. 1958), soprano, tenor, baix, cor i orquestra</td> <td>Música coral (orquestra)</td> <td>08:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><b>Improvisation I sur Mallarmé, "Le vierge, le vivace et le bel aujourd'hui"</b>, per a soprano i orquestra (posteriorment incorporat a «Pli selon pli»)"</td> <td>Música vocal (orquestra)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><b>Improvisation III sur Mallarmé, "A la nue accablante tu"</b>, per a soprano i orquestra (posteriorment incorporat a «Pli selon pli»)"</td> <td>Música vocal (orquestra)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959-60</td> <td><b>Tombeau</b> (posteriorment incorporat a «Pli selon pli»)</td> <td>Música vocal (orquestra)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><b>Éclat</b>, per a quinze instruments (9 instruments de tecla o percussió, 2 instruments de corda, 2 de metall i 2 de vent-fusta)</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>9:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td><b>Le soleil des eaux</b> (1948, ver. 1965)</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>10:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968-69</td> <td><b>Domaines</b>, per a clarinete (i per a clarinete baix i sis grups instrumentals).</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>30:20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968</td> <td><b>Livre pour cordes</b>, versió per a orquestra de cordes de les seccions Ia i Ib del «Livre pour quatuor»</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969</td> <td><b>Pour le Dr. Kalmus</b>, per a conjunt instrumental</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967-70</td> <td><b>Éclat-Multiples</b> (1964, ver. 1970), per a gran orquestra</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><b>cummings ist der Dichter</b> (rev. 1986), per a cor i orquestra</td> <td>Música coral</td> <td>12:40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972-74</td> <td><b>...explosante-fixe...</b>, "in memoriam Stravinski", per a conjunt i electrònica en viu</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><b>Domaines encore</b> (1968 vers. 1972)</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974-75</td> <td><b>Rituel in memoriam Maderna</b>, per a orquestra en vuit grups</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>25:30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976-77</td> <td><b>Messagesquisse</b>, per a violoncel solista i sis violoncels</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>08:30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978-80</td> <td><b>Notations</b>, per a orquestra (hi ha versió per a piano, de 1946)</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981-84</td> <td><b>Répons</b>, per a dos pianos, xilòfon, glockenspiel, arpa, vibràfon, sintetitzador, orquestra i electrònica en viu</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>42:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><b>Dérive</b>, per a sis instruments (revisada el 1990, Derive 2)</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>6:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><b>Notations I-IV</b>, per a gran orquestra</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><b>Dialogue de l'ombre double</b>, versió original per a clarinet i cinta magnetofònica</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>18:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><b>Memoriale (...Explosante-Fixe... Originel)</b>, per a flauta travessera i vuit instruments</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>5:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985-95</td> <td><b>Dialogue de l'ombre double</b>, versió para fagot y electrònica</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td><b>Initiale</b>, per a septet de metalls</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>3:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td><b>Transitoire VII, de "...explosante-fixe..."</b>, per a flauta amb electrònica en viu, dues flautes i orquestra</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991-92</td> <td><b>Anthèmes</b>, per a violí (derivada de l'obra «...explosante/fixe...»)</td> <td>Música solista (violí)</td> <td>11:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991-93</td> <td><b>...exploxante-fixe...</b> (versió de 1993), para flauta Midi, dues flautes solistes, orquestra i electrònica.</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>36:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td><b>Dérive 2</b> per a onze instrumentos (rev. 2002-06)</td> <td>Música instrumental</td> <td>45:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993</td> <td><b>Transitoire V</b>, de «...explosante-fixe...», per a flauta amb electrònica en viu, 2 flautes i conjunt instrumental</td> <td>Música electrònica</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td><b>Incises</b>, per a piano (rev. 2001)</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>3:20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996-98</td> <td><b>Sur incises</b>, per a tres pianos, tres arpes, tres percussionistes-teclistes</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>37:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td><b>Anthèmes II</b>, per a violí i dispositiu electrònic</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>20:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td><b>Notations VII</b>, per a gran orquestra</td> <td>Música orquestral</td> <td>7:00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td><b>Une page d'éphéméride</b>, per a piano</td> <td>Música solista (piano)</td> <td>4:00 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pierre_Boulez" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Monde-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Monde_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Machart</span>, Renaud. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2016/01/06/mort-du-compositeur-et-chef-d-orchestre-pierre-boulez_4842501_3382.html?utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Twitter#link_time=1452092259">Mort de Pierre Boulez, symbole d'un XXe siècle musical avant-gardiste En savoir plus sur http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2016/01/06/mort-du-compositeur-et-chef-d-orchestre-pierre-boulez_4842501_3382.html#8HJ2EJYbHLt6YqyG.99</a>» (en francès).  Le Monde. [Consulta: 6 gener 2016].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35241250">Composer Pierre Boulez dies at 90</a>» (en anglès).  BBC. [Consulta: 6 gener 2016].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1859857-murio-pierre-boulez-el-compositor-que-quiso-dinamitar-las-operas-pero-termino-cambiando-la-musica?utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_medium=Echobox&utm_source=Twitter#link_time=1452097884">Murió Pierre Boulez, el compositor que quiso "dinamitar" las óperas pero terminó cambiando la música</a>» (en castellà).  La Nación. [Consulta: 6 gener 2016].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">MINGUET</span>, Vicent «Pierre Boulez: del temps de les utopies». <i>BOULEZ, Pierre, Per voluntat i per atzar. Entrevistes amb Célestin Deliège, Barcelona, Riurau Editors, 2014</i>. 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