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id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-0-link" >Domača stran</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-1"><a href="/common-agricultural-policy_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Common agricultural policy" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-1-link" >Skupna kmetijska politika</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Dostop do podelementov" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-1-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use 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class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/common-agricultural-policy/income-support_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Income support" >Dohodkovna podpora</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/common-agricultural-policy/market-measures_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Market measures" >Tržni ukrepi</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/common-agricultural-policy/rural-development_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Rural development" >Razvoj podeželja</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/common-agricultural-policy_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Oglejte si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-2"><a href="/cap-my-country_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="CAP in my country" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-2-link" >SKP v moji državi</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Dostop do podelementov" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-2-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/cap-my-country/cap-strategic-plans_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="CAP Strategic Plans" >Strateški načrti SKP</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/cap-my-country/performance-agricultural-policy_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Performance of agricultural policy" >Uspešnost kmetijske politike</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/cap-my-country_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Oglejte si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-3"><a href="/sustainability_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Sustainability" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-3-link" >Trajnostnost</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Dostop do podelementov" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-3-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/economic-sustainability_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic sustainability" >Gospodarska trajnost</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/socially-sustainable-cap_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Social sustainability" >Socialna trajnostnost</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/environmental-sustainability_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Environmental sustainability" >Okoljska trajnost</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/forestry_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Forestry" >Gozdarstvo</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/digitalisation_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Digitalisation" >Digitalizacija</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/sustainability/research-and-innovation_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Research and innovation" >Raziskave in inovacije</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/sustainability_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Oglejte si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use 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href="/farming/certification_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Certification" >Certificiranje</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/farming/organic-farming_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Organic farming" >Ekološko kmetovanje</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Geographical indications and quality schemes" >Geografske označbe in sheme kakovosti</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/farming_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Oglejte si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--current ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-5"><a href="/international_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link ecl-menu__link--current" data-untranslated-label="International" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-5-link" >Mednarodna raven</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Dostop do podelementov" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-5-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use 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si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-6"><a href="/data-and-analysis_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Data and analysis" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-6-link" >Podatki in analize</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Dostop do podelementov" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-613273588-6-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="https://agridata.ec.europa.eu/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Agri-food data portal" >Portal kmetijskih podatkov</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/financing_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financing" >Financiranje</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/sustainability-and-organic-farming_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Sustainability and organic farming data" >Podatki o trajnostnosti in ekološkem kmetovanju</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/employment-and-growth_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Employment and growth in rural areas" >Zaposlovanje in rast na podeželskih območjih</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/markets_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Markets" >Trgi</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/farm-structures-and-economics_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Farm structures and economics" >Ekonomika in struktura kmetijskih gospodarstev</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/data-and-analysis_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Oglejte si vse</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs 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podpira delo STO, Sporazum o kmetijstvu in prednostne naloge EU v pogajanjih na področju kmetijstva.  </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_2787"></a> <div class="ecl-row inpage-navigation-container"> <div class="ecl-col-l-3"> <nav class="ecl-inpage-navigation oe-theme-ecl-inpage-navigation ecl-u-z-dropdown" data-ecl-auto-init="InpageNavigation" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true" data-ecl-inpage-navigation="true" aria-labelledby="ecl-inpage-navigation-1417338712" ><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__title" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1417338712">Vsebina strani</div><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__body"><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-wrapper"><button type="button" class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1417338712-trigger" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger="true" aria-controls="ecl-inpage-navigation-list" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-current" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger-current="true">Vsebina strani</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ecl-inpage-navigation__list" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-list="true" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1417338712-list"></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-col-l-9" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_346"></a> <div class="ecl"><h2 id="wtooverview">Pregled Svetovne trgovinske organizacije</h2> <p><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Svetovna trgovinska organizacija</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> (STO) je bila ustanovljena leta 1995 in je temelj na pravilih temelječega multilaternalega trgovinskega sistema. Svetovna trgovinska organizacija ima 164 članic (podatki iz julija 2019). Njene osnovne dejavnosti so:</p> <ul> <li>večstranska trgovinska pogajanja za postopno liberalizacijo trgov</li> <li>določitev pravil za trgovino v obliki sporazumov</li> <li>reševanje trgovinskih sporov med članicami</li> <li>spremljanje trgovinskih politik članic</li> </ul> <p>Evropska unija je članica STO in ima kot največja svetovna trgovinska sila ključno vlogo v organizaciji. Evropska komisija zastopa EU in se pogaja kot enoten subjekt v imenu vseh držav EU. EU dejavno podpira delo STO na področju večstranskega oblikovanja pravil in liberalizacije trgovine, pri čemer si prizadeva za:</p> <ul> <li>ohranjanje odprtih trgov in zagotavljanje novih trgov za evropska podjetja</li> <li>okrepitev večstranskih pravil in zagotovitev, da jih bodo spoštovali drugi akterji</li> <li>spodbujanje trajnostnega razvoja trgovine</li> </ul> <p>Pogajanja o veljavnih pravilih so potekala v okviru urugvajskega kroga (1986–1994) in so privedla do Marakeškega sporazuma o ustanovitvi Svetovne trgovinske organizacije. Marakeški sporazum je dejansko niz sporazumov o različnih vidikih trgovinskih pravil. Vključuje revizijo Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini (GATT) iz leta 1947 ter sporazume o intelektualni lastnini, reševanju sporov, tehničnih ovirah v trgovini, sanitarnih in fitosanitarnih pravilih ter zlasti sporazume na področju kmetijstva.</p> <h3>Sorodne informacije</h3> <p><a href="https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto_sl" class="ecl-link">Trgovina EU in STO</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/world-trade-organization-wto/european-union-and-world-trade-organization_en">Poslanstvo EU v STO</a></p> <h3>Reševanje sporov</h3> <p>Državam članicam je v okviru STO na voljo mehanizem za reševanje sporov med članicami v zvezi z izvajanjem sporazumov STO.</p> <p><a href="https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/enforcement-and-protection/dispute-settlement/wto-dispute-settlement_en#_policy%20" class="ecl-link">Reševanje sporov in zadeve</a></p> <h2 id="wtoandagriculture">STO in kmetijstvo</h2> <p>Zaradi pomena kmetijstva v svetovni trgovini je bil sklenjen posebni sporazum o kmetijstvu, ki ureja domačo podporo, izvozno konkurenco (zlasti subvencije) in dostop do trga.</p> <h3>Sporazum o kmetijstvu</h3> <p>Cilj <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/14-ag_01_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Sporazuma STO o kmetijstvu</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> je vzpostavitev „pravičnega in tržno usmerjenega sistema trgovanja s kmetijskimi proizvodi“. Sporazum določa pravila, ki se uporabljajo za vse članice STO, da se zagotovi znatno postopno zmanjšanje podpore in zaščite v kmetijstvu. Sporazum sodi med rezultate pogajanj urugvajskega kroga in je odločilen korak v prizadevanjih za večjo tržno usmerjenost svetovnega kmetijstva.</p> <p>Sporazum poleg splošnih pravil, ki veljajo za vse članice STO, vsebuje tudi posebne zaveze, ki so jih sprejele posamezne članice, med drugim o trgovini s kmetijskimi proizvodi in podpori tem proizvodom, pa tudi o tarifah in tarifnih kvotah. Te zaveze so določene v „načrtih“.</p> <p><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_work_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Odbor za kmetijstvo</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> nadzira izvajanje zavez, ki izhajajo iz sporazuma. V odboru so zastopane vse članice STO, ki se lahko med seboj posvetujejo glede izvajanja sporazuma. Članice se obveščajo o izvajanju zavez in odgovarjajo na vprašanja drugih članic. Pregled prejetih obvestil sodi med ključne odgovornosti odbora, ki tako nadzoruje izpolnjevanje obveznosti članic.</p> <h3>Domača podpora in „škatle“</h3> <p>Z urugvajskim krogom pogajanj se je spremenil način oblikovanja domačih kmetijskih politik. Sporazum o kmetijstvu razvršča domačo kmetijsko podporo v različne vrste ali „škatle“. Za ukrepe, ki izkrivljajo trgovino („oranžna škatla“), veljajo omejitve: omejitev „de minimis“ se uporablja za vse članice z dodatnimi zneski (ki so v STO opisani kot „skupna mera podpore“ ali „zaveze AMS“), ki se uporabljajo za nekatere članice na podlagi odhodkov iz predurugvajskega kroga. Za drugo podporo – ki nima nobenih učinkov, ki izkrivljajo trgovino – ali učinkov izkrivljanja proizvodnje („zelena škatla “) – oziroma so ti učinki minimalni ter za nekatere programe omejevanja proizvodnje („modra škatla“) ni omejitev.</p> <h3>Dostop na trg</h3> <p>Urugvajski krog v kmetijstvu je nadomestil številne netarifne ukrepe z običajnimi carinskimi dajatvami in uvedel znižanje tarif. V zameno je bil v Sporazumu o kmetijstvu oblikovan poseben zaščitni mehanizem, ki omogoča začasne dodatne tarife za uvoz nekaterih kmetijskih proizvodov v posebnih okoliščinah, kot je nenaden porast uvoza (sprožitvena količina) ali znižanje uvozne cene pod določeno referenčno ceno (sprožitvena cena). Osemintrideset članic STO, vključno z EU, ima pravico do uporabe posebnih zaščitnih ukrepov, kakor so določeni v njihovih načrtih.</p> <h3>Izvozna konkurenca</h3> <p>V skladu s Sporazumom o kmetijstvu je bila uporaba izvoznih subvencij in nekaterih drugih izvoznih ukrepov omejena. Vendar so na ministrski konferenci v Nairobiju decembra 2015 članice STO sprejele nove zaveze in se dogovorile, da bodo odpravile izvozne subvencije. Razvite države so morale to storiti s takojšnjim učinkom (z nekaterimi prehodnimi obdobji do konca leta 2020), države v razvoju jih bodo odpravile do konca leta 2023 in najmanj razvite države do konca leta 2030. Poleg tega <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc10_e/nairobipackage_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">sveženj iz Nairobija</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> določa pravila za izvozne kredite in jamstva za izvozne kredite, mednarodno pomoč v hrani in kmetijske proizvode, ki jih izvažajo državna trgovinska podjetja.</p> <h4>Sorodne informacije</h4> <p><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro02_access_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Dostop na trg</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro03_domestic_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Domača podpora</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro04_export_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Izvozna konkurenca/subvencije</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a></p> <h3>Ministrske konference STO</h3> <p>Ministrska konferenca je najvišji organ odločanja v STO. Konference so običajno vsaki dve leti in se jih lahko udeležijo vse članice STO, vključno z EU. V zadnjih letih sta dve konferenci pripeljali do pomembnih sprememb v trgovini s kmetijskimi proizvodi.</p> <ul> <li>Na <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/brief_agneg_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Baliju leta 2013</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> so bile sprejete štiri pomembne odločitve. Članice so dosegle dogovor o začasni „mirovni klavzuli“, da bi se lahko dogovorile o trajni rešitvi glede javnega skladiščenja zaradi prehranske varnosti. Sprejele so tudi deklaracijo o čim večjem omejevanju uporabe vseh oblik izvoznih subvencij in razširile seznam splošnih storitev v zeleni škatli. Poleg tega so sprejele odločitev, ki povečuje preglednost v upravljanju tarifnih kvot, in sicer z mehanizmi za kvote, ki se sistematično ne dosegajo.</li> <li>Članice STO so v <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc10_e/briefing_notes_e/brief_agriculture_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Nairobiju leta 2015</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> nadaljevale delo, ki se je začelo na Baliju, in sprejele sklep o odpravi izvoznih subvencij za kmetijski izvoz ter o pravilih za izvozne kredite in jamstva za izvozne kredite, mednarodno pomoč v hrani in za državna trgovinska podjetja, ki izvažajo kmetijske proizvode. Dogovorile so se tudi o nadaljevanju pogajanj o kmetijstvu, javnem skladiščenju zaradi prehranske varnosti in dostopu do trga ter posebnem zaščitnem mehanizmu za države v razvoju.</li> </ul> <p>Dvanajsta ministrska konferenca je potekala od 12. do 17. junija 2022 v Ženevi v Švici, saj je bila leta 2020 preložena zaradi pandemije covida-19. Sveženj ukrepov o kmetijstvu je vključeval <a href="https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/MIN22/28.pdf&Open=True" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">ministrsko izjavo o nujnem odzivu na neustrezno prehransko varnost</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> (WT/MIN(22)/28) in ministrski sklep o izvzetju nakupa hrane v humanitarne namene v okviru <a href="https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/MIN22/29.pdf&Open=True" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Svetovnega programa za hrano</span><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external"></use></svg></a> iz prepovedi ali omejitev izvoza (WT/MIN(22)/29). Oba dokumenta sta odziv na zahteve mednarodne skupnosti po takojšnjem ukrepanju članic STO za reševanje trenutnih izzivov na področju prehranske varnosti.</p> <h2 id="euagriculture">Kmetijstvo EU</h2> <p>EU je spremenil svoj program za podporo kmetijstvu za nadaljnji razvoj pravične in pregledne tržne politike. Ta proces se je začel pred urugvajskim krogom in še vedno poteka. Spodbuja uporabo instrumentov politike, ki manj izkrivljajo trgovino. Večina podpore kmetom je zdaj dodeljena v obliki nevezanih neposrednih plačil brez obveznosti proizvodnje. Spodnji graf prikazuje premik politike EU od ukrepov oranžne škatle na podporo iz zelene škatle, ki ne izkrivlja trgovine. Drugi grafi kažejo razvoj dogodkov pri drugih pomembnih trgovinskih partnerjih.</p> <h3>Stanje na področju notranje podpore EU</h3> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-eu-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <h3>Uradna obvestila o domači podpori – druge članice</h3> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-usa-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-china-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-india-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-japan-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <article lang="en"> <div><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","custom":["\/\/ec.europa.eu\/assets\/agri\/js\/custom-wto-norway-graph.js"]}</script> </div> </article> <h2 id="negotiations">Pogajanja</h2> <h3 id="process">Postopek</h3> <p>Sedanji krog pogajanj se je začel novembra 2001 v Dohi v Katarju. Tako imenovani „krog pogajanj iz Dohe“ ali „ <a href="https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_sl" class="ecl-link">razvojna agenda iz Dohe</a>“ se je osredotočila na nadaljnjo liberalizacijo trgovine, hkrati pa je državam v razvoju olajšala vključitev v večstranski sistem STO. Kljub prizadevanjem EU so pogajanja v kmetijstvu zastala. Spremembe v stopnjah gospodarskega razvoja so zlasti povečale pomen nekaterih držav v razvoju kot glavnih izvoznikov in akterjev v trgovini s kmetijskimi proizvodi. Pogajanja so zastala zaradi nepripravljenosti nekaterih članic STO, da bi preoblikovale svoje kmetijske politike.</p> <p>Kljub temu članice STO nadaljujejo pogajanja za reformo trgovine s kmetijskimi proizvodi. Pogajanja potekajo na posebnih sejah odbora za kmetijstvo, njihov cilj je pripraviti predloge za ministrsko konferenco STO.</p> <h3>Prednostne naloge EU v pogajanjih na področju kmetijstva</h3> <p>EU bo še naprej spodbujala multilateralizem in mednarodno sodelovanje. Svetovna trgovinska organizacija in mednarodni trgovinski sistem, ki temelji na pravilih, sta bistvenega pomena za svetovno prehransko varnost in razvoj. Kar zadeva trgovino s kmetijskimi proizvodi, si bo EU prizadevala za pravičnejši in preglednejši sistem. Glede treh stebrov sporazuma o kmetijstvu so njene prednostne naloge naslednje.</p> <p><strong>Domača podpora</strong>: zmanjšanje ukrepov, ki izkrivljajo trgovino, je pomemben korak k pravičnejšemu sistemu trgovanja s kmetijskimi proizvodi. EU je spremenila svoj domači sistem podpore, ki zdaj večinoma zajema ukrepe, ki ne izkrivljajo trgovine. To je izboljšalo delovanje trga za kmetijske proizvode in trgovino. EU bo še naprej pozivala druge članice, naj storijo enako.</p> <p><strong>Dostop do trga</strong>: dostop do trga za kmetijske proizvode je sestavni del globalnega trgovinskega sistema. Izboljšanje dostopa do trga v okviru STO bi lahko dosegli z vključujočimi in celovitimi pogajanji, ki bi zajemala dostop do trga in storitev na kmetijskem in nekmetijskem trgu. V središču dvostranskih pogajanj o sporazumih o prosti trgovini so seveda tudi vprašanja v zvezi z dostopom do trga.</p> <p><strong>Izvozna konkurenca</strong>: EU meni, da bi morala nadaljnja pogajanja temeljiti na ukrepih, sprejetih v Nairobiju, zlasti glede nadaljnjih ukrepov za izvozne kredite in jamstva za izvozne kredite, mednarodne pomoči v hrani in državnih trgovinskih podjetij, ki se ukvarjajo s kmetijskim izvozom.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2"> <div id="block-eventsbysubjectdisplayonlandingpagesnothomepage"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_3749"></a> <div id="block-eventsbysubject" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-newsbysubjectdisplayonlandingpagesnothomepage"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_3247"></a> <div id="block-newsbysubject" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title 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