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<span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Range and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_genera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_genera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endangered_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endangered_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Endangered species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endangered_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arthropod_pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthropod_pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Arthropod pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthropod_pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Other plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arecaceae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 110 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmagtige" title="Palmagtige – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Palmagtige" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نخلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نخلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%82" title="Արմաւ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արմաւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindo" title="Pindo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pindo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmakimil%C9%99r" title="Palmakimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Palmakimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="পাম গাছ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাম গাছ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang-kho" title="Chang-kho – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chang-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пальмавыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пальмавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пальмавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пальмавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waelpam" title="Waelpam – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Waelpam" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Палмови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палмови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A5%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B" title="ཥིང་ཏ་ལ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཥིང་ཏ་ལ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma" title="Palma – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Palma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arec%C3%A0cies" title="Arecàcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arecàcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Пальма йышшисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пальма йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmera" title="Palmera – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Palmera" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arekovit%C3%A9" title="Arekovité – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arekovité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmwydden" title="Palmwydden – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palmwydden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palme-familien" title="Palme-familien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palme-familien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmengew%C3%A4chse" title="Palmengewächse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palmengewächse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%CA%BCa%CA%BC_yilt%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmilised" title="Palmilised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palmilised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE" title="Αρεκοειδή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρεκοειδή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arekacoj" title="Arekacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arekacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmondo" title="Palmondo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palmondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نخلیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخلیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailm" title="Pailm – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pailm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmeira_(bot%C3%A1nica)" title="Palmeira (botánica) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palmeira (botánica)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BB" title="Шавдл – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шавдл" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%A0%A4%EA%B3%BC" title="종려과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종려과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արմավենազգիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արմավենազգիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F" title="आरेकेसिए – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आरेकेसिए" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmowe_rostliny" title="Palmowe rostliny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Palmowe rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmovke" title="Palmovke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palmovke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiero" title="Palmiero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palmiero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmany%E1%BB%8B_nkw%E1%BB%A5" title="Nmanyị nkwụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nmanyị nkwụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%92%A1%E1%92%90%E1%92%83_(%E1%90%B1%E1%95%88%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%85)" title="ᐊᒡᒐᒃ (ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ) – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᒡᒐᒃ (ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ)" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Пальмæхуызтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пальмæхуызтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דקליים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პალმები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალმები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пальма – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пальма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Пальма котыр – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Пальма котыр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmis" title="Palmis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Palmis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEleya_palmiyeyan" title="Famîleya palmiyeyan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîleya palmiyeyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пальмалар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пальмалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmu_dzimta" title="Palmu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Palmu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arekiniai" title="Arekiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arekiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1lmaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Pálmafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pálmafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Палми – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Палми" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80" title="അരെക്കേസീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അരെക്കേസീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="ताड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ताड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="نخليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نخليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ထန်းပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ထန်းပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zotolin" title="Zotolin – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Zotolin" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmenfamilie" title="Palmenfamilie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palmenfamilie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="खजुर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खजुर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ताय्‌गःसिमा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ताय्‌गःसिमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7" title="ヤシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pualmer" title="Pualmer – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pualmer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer" title="Palmer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palmer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmefamilien" title="Palmefamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Palmefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmi%C3%A8r" title="Palmièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palmièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmadoshlar" title="Palmadoshlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Palmadoshlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="کھجور ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھجور ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Пальма котыр – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Пальма котыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arekowate" title="Arekowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arekowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arec%C3%A1ceas" title="Arecáceas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arecáceas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiye" title="Palmiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Palmiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palmier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunta_yura_rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Chunta yura rikch'aq ayllu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunta yura rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Пальмовые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пальмовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma" title="Palma – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Palma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_tree" title="Palm tree – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palm tree" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arekovit%C3%A9" title="Arekovité – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arekovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmovke" title="Palmovke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palmovke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baar" title="Baar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خێزانی دارخورما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خێزانی دارخورما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palme" title="Palme – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Palme" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palme" title="Palme – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Palme" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmukasvit" title="Palmukasvit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palmukasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer" title="Palmer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palmer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma" title="Palma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பனைக்குடும்பம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனைக்குடும்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87" title="పామే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పామే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A)" title="ปาล์ม (พืช) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาล์ม (พืช)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Нахлиҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нахлиҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiye" title="Palmiye – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Palmiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Пальмові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пальмові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%88%D9%85%D9%84%DB%88%D9%83)" title="پالما (ئۆسۈملۈك) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پالما (ئۆسۈملۈك)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Cau" title="Họ Cau – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Cau" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5lm%C3%AE" title="Pålmî – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pålmî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arecaceae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%A6%88%E7%A7%91" title="棕榈科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="棕榈科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the heather family <a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a>, the arum family <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a> or the ivy family <a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Palm tree" and "Palm leaves" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palm_tree_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palm tree (disambiguation)">Palm tree (disambiguation)</a>. For the French pastry, see <a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">palmier</a>. For the South Asian style of document, see <a href="/wiki/Palm-leaf_manuscript" title="Palm-leaf manuscript">palm-leaf manuscript</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Arecaceae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">80–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:192.92307692308px; width:27.076923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:192.92307692308px; width:27.076923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:193.92307692308px; width:25.076923076923px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> – Recent (possible Albian record)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1859-Martinique.web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/220px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/330px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/440px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Arecaceae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arecaceae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bercht." class="mw-redirect" title="Bercht.">Bercht.</a> & <a href="/wiki/J.Presl" class="mw-redirect" title="J.Presl">J.Presl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nom._cons." class="mw-redirect" title="Nom. cons.">nom. cons.</a><sup id="cite_ref-apgiii_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apgiii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i>Areca</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subfamilies<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Arecoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecoideae">Arecoideae</a> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/Calamoideae" title="Calamoideae">Calamoideae</a> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ceroxyloideae" title="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</a> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coryphoideae" title="Coryphoideae">Coryphoideae</a> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nypoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nypoideae">Nypoideae</a> <small> </small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera" title="List of Arecaceae genera">Well over 2600 species in some 202 genera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Palmae</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Arecaceae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocot</a> order <a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a>. Their growth form can be <a href="/wiki/Climbing_palm" title="Climbing palm">climbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a>-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as <b>palms</b>. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially called <b>palm trees</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, 181 <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> with around 2,600 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> are known,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christenhusz-Byng2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christenhusz-Byng2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of which are restricted to <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a> climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> leaves, known as <a href="/wiki/Frond" title="Frond">fronds</a>, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem, except for the <a href="/wiki/Hyphaene" title="Hyphaene">Hyphaene</a> genus, who has branched palms. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of <a href="/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat (ecology)">habitat</a> within their range, from <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> to <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>. </p><p>Palms are among the best known and most extensively <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">cultivated</a> plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much of history, especially in regions like the Middle East and North Africa. A wide range of common products and foods are derived from palms. In contemporary times, palms are also widely used in landscaping. In many historical cultures, because of their importance as food, palms were <a href="/wiki/Palm_branch_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm branch (symbol)">symbols</a> for such ideas as victory, peace, and fertility. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Arecaceae</i> is derived from the word <i><a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">areca</a></i> with the suffix "-aceae". <i>Areca</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> അടയ്ക്ക (<i>aṭaykka</i>), which is from <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> <i>*aṭ-ay-kkāy</i> ("areca nut"). The suffix <i>-aceae</i> is the feminine plural of the Latin <i>-āceus</i> ("resembling"). </p><p><i>Palm</i> originates from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>palma</i> semantically overlapping with sense of "<a href="/wiki/Hand#Areas" title="Hand">hand front</a>" (due to similar splayed shape) ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> *<i>pl̥h₂meh₂</i>, a direct descendant <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/folm#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:folm">folm</a></i> once existed in Old English.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whether as shrubs, tree-like, or vines, palms have two methods of growth: solitary or clustered. The common representation is that of a solitary shoot ending in a crown of leaves. This <a href="/wiki/Monopodial" title="Monopodial">monopodial</a> character may be exhibited by prostrate, trunkless, and trunk-forming members. Some common palms restricted to solitary growth include <i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia" title="Washingtonia">Washingtonia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea" title="Roystonea">Roystonea</a></i>. Palms may instead grow in sparse though dense clusters. The trunk develops an axillary bud at a leaf node, usually near the base, from which a new shoot emerges. The new shoot, in turn, produces an axillary bud and a clustering habit results. Exclusively <a href="/wiki/Sympodial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympodial">sympodial</a> genera include many of the <a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattans</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guihaia" title="Guihaia">Guihaia</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapis" title="Rhapis">Rhapis</a></i>. Several palm genera have both solitary and clustering members. Palms which are usually solitary may grow in clusters and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-uhl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uhl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palms have large, evergreen leaves that are either palmately ('fan-leaved') or pinnately ('feather-leaved') compound and spirally arranged at the top of the stem. The leaves have a tubular sheath at the base that usually splits open on one side at maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Spadix_(botany)" title="Spadix (botany)">spadix</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spike_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike (botany)">spike</a> surrounded by one or more <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spathe" class="mw-redirect" title="Spathe">spathes</a> that become woody at maturity. The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are generally small and white, radially symmetric, and can be either uni- or bisexual. The sepals and petals usually number three each and may be distinct or joined at the base. The stamens generally number six, with filaments that may be separate, attached to each other, or attached to the pistil at the base. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is usually a single-<a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeded</a> <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a> (sometimes berry-like)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but some genera (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Salacca" title="Salacca">Salacca</a></i>) may contain two or more seeds in each fruit. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_tree_trunk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Palm_tree_trunk.JPG/220px-Palm_tree_trunk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Palm_tree_trunk.JPG/330px-Palm_tree_trunk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Palm_tree_trunk.JPG/440px-Palm_tree_trunk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Sawn palm stem: Palms do not form annual <a href="/wiki/Tree_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree rings">tree rings</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like all <a href="/wiki/Monocot" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocot">monocots</a>, palms do not have the ability to increase the width of a stem (<a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">secondary growth</a>) via the same kind of <a href="/wiki/Vascular_cambium" title="Vascular cambium">vascular cambium</a> found in non-monocot <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This explains the cylindrical shape of the trunk (almost constant diameter) that is often seen in palms, unlike in <a href="/wiki/Tree_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree ring">ring</a>-forming trees. However, many palms, like some other monocots, do have secondary growth, although because it does not arise from a single vascular cambium producing <a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">xylem</a> inwards and phloem outwards, it is often called "anomalous secondary growth".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arecaceae are notable among monocots for their height and for the size of their seeds, leaves, and inflorescences. <i><a href="/wiki/Ceroxylon_quindiuense" title="Ceroxylon quindiuense">Ceroxylon quindiuense</a></i>, Colombia's national "tree", is the tallest monocot in the world, reaching up to 60 metres (197 ft) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Coco_de_mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Coco de mer">coco de mer</a></i> (<i>Lodoicea maldivica</i>) has the largest seeds of any plant, 40–50 centimetres (16–20 in) in diameter and weighing 15–30 kilograms (33–66 lb) each (<a href="/wiki/Coconuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconuts">coconuts</a> are the second largest). Raffia palms (<i><a href="/wiki/Raphia_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphia (plant)">Raphia</a></i> spp.) have the largest leaves of any plant, up to 25 metres (82 ft) long and 3 metres (10 ft) wide. The <i><a href="/wiki/Corypha" title="Corypha">Corypha</a></i> species have the largest inflorescence of any plant, up to 7.5 metres (25 ft) tall and containing millions of small flowers. <i><a href="/wiki/Calamus_(palm)" title="Calamus (palm)">Calamus</a></i> stems can reach 200 metres (656 ft) in length. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range_and_habitat">Range and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Range and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg/220px-Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg/330px-Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg/440px-Washingtonia_filifera_in_Palm_Canyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>This grove of the native species <i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera" title="Washingtonia filifera">Washingtonia filifera</a></i> in Palm Canyon, just south of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, is growing alongside a stream running through the desert.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most palms are native to tropical and subtropical climates. Palms thrive in moist and hot climates but can be found in a variety of different habitats. Their diversity is highest in wet, lowland forests. <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, and areas of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a> and southern Asia are regions of concentration. <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> may have the highest number of palm species in one country. There are some palms that are also native to desert areas such as the Arabian Peninsula and parts of northwestern Mexico. Only about 130 palm species naturally grow entirely beyond the tropics, mostly in humid lowland subtropical climates, in highlands in southern Asia, and along the rim lands of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. The northernmost native palm is <i><a href="/wiki/Chamaerops" title="Chamaerops">Chamaerops humilis</a></i>, which reaches <a href="/wiki/44th_parallel_north" title="44th parallel north">44°N latitude</a> along the coast of <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southern hemisphere, the southernmost palm is the <i><a href="/wiki/Nikau" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikau">Rhopalostylis sapida</a></i>, which reaches <a href="/wiki/44th_parallel_south" title="44th parallel south">44°S</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> where an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> prevails.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultivation of palms is possible north of subtropical climates, and some higher latitude locales such as Ireland, Scotland, England, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> feature a few palms in protected locations and <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimates</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, there are at least 12 native palm species, mostly occurring in the states of the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palms inhabit a variety of ecosystems. More than two-thirds of palm species live in humid moist forests, where some species grow tall enough to form part of the <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> and shorter ones form part of the <a href="/wiki/Understory" title="Understory">understory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEintro_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEintro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species form pure stands in areas with poor drainage or regular flooding, including <i><a href="/wiki/Raphia_hookeri" title="Raphia hookeri">Raphia hookeri</a></i> which is common in coastal freshwater swamps in West Africa. Other palms live in tropical mountain habitats above 1 thousand metres (3 thousand feet), such as those in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Ceroxylon" title="Ceroxylon">Ceroxylon</a></i> native to the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>. Palms may also live in grasslands and scrublands, usually associated with a water source, and in desert <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oases</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date palm</a>. A few palms are adapted to extremely <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">basic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a> soils, while others are similarly adapted to extreme <a href="/wiki/Potassium_deficiency_(plants)" title="Potassium deficiency (plants)">potassium deficiency</a> and toxicity of heavy metals in <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_soil" title="Serpentine soil">serpentine soils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roystonea-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Roystonea-2.jpg/220px-Roystonea-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Roystonea-2.jpg/330px-Roystonea-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Roystonea-2.jpg/440px-Roystonea-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Two <i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea_regia" title="Roystonea regia">Roystonea regia</a></i> specimens. The characteristic crownshaft and apex shoot, or 'spear', are visible.</figcaption></figure> <p>Palms are a <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly">monophyletic</a> group of plants, meaning the group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEintro_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEintro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensive taxonomic research on palms began with botanist <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Moore" title="Harold E. Moore">H.E. Moore</a>, who organized palms into 15 major groups based mostly on general morphological characteristics. The following classification, proposed by N.W. Uhl and J. Dransfield in 1987, is a revision of Moore's classification that organizes palms into 6 subfamilies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few general traits of each subfamily are listed below. </p> <ul><li>Subfamily <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Arecoideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Arecoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecoideae">Arecoideae</a></span></span></b> are the largest subfamily with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera#Subfamily_Arecoideae" title="List of Arecaceae genera">14 tribes</a> and containing over 100 genera. All tribes have pinnate or bipinnate leaves and flowers arranged in groups of three, with a central pistillate and two staminate flowers.</li> <li>Subfamily <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Calamoideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Calamoideae" title="Calamoideae">Calamoideae</a></span></span></b> includes the climbing palms, such as rattans. The leaves are usually pinnate; derived characters (<a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy">synapomorphies</a>) include spines on various organs, organs specialized for climbing, an extension of the main stem of the leaf-bearing reflexed spines, and overlapping scales covering the fruit and ovary.</li> <li>Subfamily <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Ceroxyloideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Ceroxyloideae" title="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</a></span></span></b> has small to medium-sized flowers, spirally arranged, with a <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">gynoecium</a> of three joined carpels.</li> <li>Subfamily <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Coryphoideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Coryphoideae" title="Coryphoideae">Coryphoideae</a></span></span></b> are the second-largest subfamily with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera#Subfamily_Coryphoideae" title="List of Arecaceae genera">8 tribes</a>. Most palms in this subfamily have palmately lobed leaves and solitary flowers with three, or sometimes four <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpels</a>. The fruit normally develops from only one carpel.</li> <li>Subfamily <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Nypoideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Nypoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nypoideae">Nypoideae</a></span></span></b> contains only one species, <i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nypa fruticans</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has large, pinnate leaves. The fruit is unusual in that it floats, and the stem is underground and dichotomously branched, also unusual in palms.</li></ul> <p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Phytelephantoideae"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Phytelepheae" title="Phytelepheae">Phytelephantoideae</a></span></span></b> is the sixth subfamily of Arecaceae in N.W. Uhl and J. Dransfield's 1987 classification. Members of this group have distinct monopodial flower clusters. Other distinct features include a gynoecium with five to 10 joined carpels, and flowers with more than three parts per whorl. Fruits are multiple-seeded and have multiple parts. From the modern phylogenomic data, the Phytelephantoideae are tribe in the <a href="/wiki/Ceroxyloideae#Phytelepheae" title="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</a> subfamily.<sup id="cite_ref-UA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, few extensive phylogenetic studies of the Arecaceae exist. In 1997, Baker <i>et al.</i> explored subfamily and tribe relationships using chloroplast <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> from 60 genera from all subfamilies and tribes. The results strongly showed the Calamoideae are monophyletic, and Ceroxyloideae and Coryphoideae are paraphyletic. The relationships of Arecoideae are uncertain, but they are possibly related to the Ceroxyloideae and Phytelephantoideae. Studies have suggested the lack of a fully resolved hypothesis for the relationships within the family is due to a variety of factors, including difficulties in selecting appropriate outgroups, <a href="/wiki/Homoplasy" title="Homoplasy">homoplasy</a> in morphological character states, slow rates of molecular evolution important for the use of standard <a href="/wiki/DNA_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA marker">DNA markers</a>, and character polarization.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, hybridization has been observed among <i>Orbignya</i> and <i>Phoenix</i> species, and using chloroplast DNA in cladistic studies may produce inaccurate results due to maternal inheritance of the chloroplast DNA. Chemical and molecular data from non-organelle DNA, for example, could be more effective for studying palm phylogeny.<sup id="cite_ref-UA_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently, nuclear genomes and transcriptomes have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of palms. This has revealed, for example, that a whole-genome duplication event occurred early in the evolution of the Arecaceae lineage, that was not experienced by its sister clade, the <a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> of the family, see the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera#Taxonomy" title="List of Arecaceae genera">list of Arecaceae genera</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_genera">Selected genera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera" title="List of Arecaceae genera">List of Arecaceae genera by taxonomic groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera_by_alphabetical_order" title="List of Arecaceae genera by alphabetical order">List of Arecaceae genera by alphabetical order</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmtreesil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palmtreesil.jpg/220px-Palmtreesil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palmtreesil.jpg/330px-Palmtreesil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palmtreesil.jpg/440px-Palmtreesil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Silhouette of palms in <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MultanEvening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MultanEvening.jpg/220px-MultanEvening.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MultanEvening.jpg/330px-MultanEvening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MultanEvening.jpg/440px-MultanEvening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Various_Arecaceae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Various_Arecaceae.jpg/220px-Various_Arecaceae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Various_Arecaceae.jpg/330px-Various_Arecaceae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Various_Arecaceae.jpg/440px-Various_Arecaceae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="3349" /></a><figcaption>Various Arecaceae</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pair of young Beccariophoenix alfredii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg/220px-Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg/330px-Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg/440px-Beccariophoenix_alfredii_100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3461" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption>Young <i><a href="/wiki/Beccariophoenix_alfredii" title="Beccariophoenix alfredii">Beccariophoenix alfredii</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palma_Real.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Palma_Real.jpeg/220px-Palma_Real.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Palma_Real.jpeg/330px-Palma_Real.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Palma_Real.jpeg/440px-Palma_Real.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cuban_royal_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban royal palm">Cuban royal palm</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_shaft_base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_shaft_base.jpg/170px-Crown_shaft_base.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_shaft_base.jpg/255px-Crown_shaft_base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_shaft_base.jpg/340px-Crown_shaft_base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Crown shaft base of Royal palm</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archontophoenix" title="Archontophoenix">Archontophoenix</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana" title="Archontophoenix cunninghamiana">Bangalow palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">Areca</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Areca_catechu" title="Areca catechu">Betel palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum" title="Astrocaryum">Astrocaryum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Attalea_(plant)" title="Attalea (plant)">Attalea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactris" title="Bactris">Bactris</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Bactris_gasipaes" title="Bactris gasipaes">Pupunha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beccariophoenix" title="Beccariophoenix">Beccariophoenix</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Beccariophoenix_alfredii" title="Beccariophoenix alfredii">Beccariophoenix alfredii</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bismarckia" title="Bismarckia">Bismarckia</a></i>—Bismarck palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borassus" title="Borassus">Borassus</a></i>—Palmyra palm, <a href="/wiki/Borassus_flabellifer" title="Borassus flabellifer">sugar palm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borassus_flabellifer" title="Borassus flabellifer">toddy palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butia" title="Butia">Butia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamus_(palm)" title="Calamus (palm)">Calamus</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a> palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceroxylon" title="Ceroxylon">Ceroxylon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Cocos</a></i>—Coconut</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coccothrinax" title="Coccothrinax">Coccothrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copernicia" title="Copernicia">Copernicia</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Carnauba_wax" title="Carnauba wax">Carnauba wax</a> palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corypha" title="Corypha">Corypha</a></i>—Gebang palm, Buri palm or Talipot palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaeis" title="Elaeis">Elaeis</a></i>—Oil palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euterpe_(plant)" title="Euterpe (plant)">Euterpe</a></i>—Cabbage heart palm, açaí palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyphaene" title="Hyphaene">Hyphaene</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Hyphaene_thebaica" title="Hyphaene thebaica">Doum palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubaea" title="Jubaea">Jubaea</a></i>—Chilean wine palm, Coquito palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latania" title="Latania">Latania</a></i>—Latan palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Licuala" title="Licuala">Licuala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livistona" title="Livistona">Livistona</a></i>—Cabbage palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mauritia" title="Mauritia">Mauritia</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Moriche_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Moriche palm">Moriche palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon" title="Metroxylon">Metroxylon</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Sago palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nypa</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nipa palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parajubaea" title="Parajubaea">Parajubaea</a></i>—Bolivian coconut palms</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)" title="Phoenix (plant)">Phoenix</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pritchardia" title="Pritchardia">Pritchardia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raphia_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphia (plant)">Raphia</a></i>—Raffia palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapidophyllum" title="Rhapidophyllum">Rhapidophyllum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapis" title="Rhapis">Rhapis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea" title="Roystonea">Roystonea</a></i>—Royal palm</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabal" title="Sabal">Sabal</a></i>—Palmettos</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salacca" title="Salacca">Salacca</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Salak" title="Salak">Salak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syagrus_(plant)" title="Syagrus (plant)">Syagrus</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Syagrus_romanzoffiana" title="Syagrus romanzoffiana">Queen palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thrinax" title="Thrinax">Thrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus" title="Trachycarpus">Trachycarpus</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus_fortunei" title="Trachycarpus fortunei">Windmill palm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus_takil" title="Trachycarpus takil">Kumaon palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trithrinax" title="Trithrinax">Trithrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veitchia" title="Veitchia">Veitchia</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Veitchia_merrillii" class="mw-redirect" title="Veitchia merrillii">Manila palm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veitchia_joannis" title="Veitchia joannis">Joannis palm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia" title="Washingtonia">Washingtonia</a></i>—Fan palm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Arecaceae" title="Special:EditPage/Arecaceae">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Arecaceae were the first modern family of monocots to appear in the fossil record around 80 million years ago (Mya), during the late <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> period. The first modern species, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nypa fruticans</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Acrocomia_aculeata" title="Acrocomia aculeata">Acrocomia aculeata</a></i>, appeared 69 Mya, as evidenced by fossil <i>Nypa</i> pollen. Palms appear to have undergone an early period of <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">adaptive radiation</a>. By 60 Mya, many of the modern, specialized genera of palms appeared and became widespread and common, much more widespread than their range today. Because palms separated from the monocots earlier than other families, they developed more intrafamilial specialization and diversity. By tracing back these diverse characteristics of palms to the basic structures of monocots, palms may be valuable in studying monocot evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several species of palms have been identified from flowers preserved in amber, including <i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoraphe" title="Palaeoraphe">Palaeoraphe dominicana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea_palaea" title="Roystonea palaea">Roystonea palaea</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poinar2002_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poinar2002-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossil evidence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="evidence of what? (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of them can also be found in samples of <a href="/wiki/Petrified_palmwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrified palmwood">petrified palmwood</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The relationship between the subfamilies is shown in the following cladogram:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Arecaceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Calamoideae" title="Calamoideae">Calamoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nypoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nypoideae">Nypoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coryphoideae" title="Coryphoideae">Coryphoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ceroxyloideae" title="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Arecoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecoideae">Arecoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Arecaceae_tree_in_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Arecaceae are common in Saudi Arabia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/180px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/270px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/360px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Palmyra palm fruit at <a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence for cultivation of the date palm by <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamians</a> and other Middle Eastern peoples exists from more than 5,000 years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_date_palm_info_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_date_palm_info-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the form of date wood, pits for storing dates, and other remains of the date palm in Mesopotamian sites.<sup id="cite_ref-datesex_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datesex-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date palm had a significant effect on the history of the Middle East and North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the text "Date Palm Products" (1993), W.H. Barreveld wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One could go as far as to say that, had the date palm not existed, the expansion of the human race into the hot and barren parts of the "old" world would have been much more restricted. The date palm not only provided a concentrated energy food, which could be easily stored and carried along on long journeys across the deserts, it also created a more amenable habitat for the people to live in by providing shade and protection from the desert winds.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_date_palm_info_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_date_palm_info-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>An indication of the importance of palms in ancient times is that they are mentioned more than 30 times in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at least 22 times in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> also references the "70 date palm trees", which symbolize the 70 aspects of Torah that are revealed to those who "eat of its fruit."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arecaceae have great economic importance, including coconut products, oils, dates, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">palm syrup</a>, ivory nuts, carnauba wax, rattan cane, raffia, and <a href="/wiki/Palmwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmwood">palm wood</a>. This family supplies a large amount of the human diet and several other human uses, both by absolute amount produced and by number of <a href="/wiki/Crop_domestication" class="mw-redirect" title="Crop domestication">species domesticated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agricultural-significance-bundle_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agricultural-significance-bundle-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is far higher than almost any other plant family, sixth out of domesticated crops in the human diet, and first in total economic value produced – sharing the top spot with the <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agricultural-significance-bundle_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agricultural-significance-bundle-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These human uses have also spread many Arecaceae species around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-agricultural-significance-bundle_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agricultural-significance-bundle-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with dates mentioned above, members of the palm family with human uses are numerous: </p> <ul><li>The type member of Arecaceae is the areca palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Areca_catechu" title="Areca catechu">Areca catechu</a></i>), the fruit of which, the <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a>, is chewed with the <a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">betel</a> leaf for intoxicating effects.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnauba" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnauba">Carnauba</a> wax is harvested from the leaves of South American palms of the genus <i>Copernicia</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattans</a>, whose stems are used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">baskets</a>, are in the genus <i>Calamus</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a> is an edible vegetable oil produced by the <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palms</a> in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Elaeis" title="Elaeis">Elaeis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several species are harvested for <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">heart of palm</a>, a vegetable eaten in salads.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sap of the nipa palm, <i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nypa fruticans</a></i>, is used to make vinegar.</li> <li>Palm <a href="/wiki/Sap_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sap (plant)">sap</a> is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a> or toddy, an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverage</a> common in parts of Africa, India, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The sap may be drunk fresh, but fermentation is rapid, reaching up to 4% alcohol content within an hour, and turning vinegary in a day.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Palmyra and date palm sap is harvested in Bengal, India, to process into <i>gur</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> is the partially edible seed of the fruit of the coconut palm (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a> is a coarse, water-resistant fiber extracted from the outer shell of coconuts, used in doormats, brushes, mattresses, and ropes.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some indigenous groups living in palm-rich areas use palms to make many of their necessary items and food. <a href="/wiki/Sago" title="Sago">Sago</a>, for example, a <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> made from the pith of the trunk of the sago palm <i><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Metroxylon sagu</a></i>, is a major <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> for lowland peoples of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a>.</li> <li>Palm wine is made from <i><a href="/wiki/Jubaea" title="Jubaea">Jubaea</a></i> also called Chilean wine palm, or coquito palm.</li> <li>Recently, the fruit of the açaí palm <i><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Açaí Palm">Euterpe</a></i> has been used for its reputed health benefits.</li> <li>Saw palmetto (<i><a href="/wiki/Serenoa_repens" class="mw-redirect" title="Serenoa repens">Serenoa repens</a></i>) is being investigated as a drug for treating enlarged prostates.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Palm leaves are also valuable to some peoples as a material for thatching, basketry, clothing, and in religious ceremonies (see "Symbolism" below).<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ornamental uses: Today, palms are valuable as <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a> and are often grown along streets in <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> cities. <i><a href="/wiki/Chamaedorea_elegans" title="Chamaedorea elegans">Chamaedorea elegans</a></i> is a popular <a href="/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">houseplant</a> and is grown indoors for its low maintenance. Farther north, palms are a common feature in <a href="/wiki/Botanical_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical gardens">botanical gardens</a> or as indoor plants. Few palms tolerate severe cold and the majority of the species are tropical or subtropical. The three most <a href="/wiki/Hardy_palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardy palms">cold-tolerant species</a> are <i><a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus_fortunei" title="Trachycarpus fortunei">Trachycarpus fortunei</a></i>, native to eastern Asia, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapidophyllum_hystrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapidophyllum hystrix">Rhapidophyllum hystrix</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sabal_minor" title="Sabal minor">Sabal minor</a></i>, both native to the southeastern United States.</li> <li>The southeastern U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> is nicknamed the Palmetto State after the <a href="/wiki/Sabal_palmetto" title="Sabal palmetto">sabal palmetto</a> (cabbage palmetto), logs from which were used to build the fort at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Moultrie_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Moultrie National Monument">Fort Moultrie</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, they were invaluable to those defending the fort, because their spongy wood absorbed or deflected the British cannonballs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Singaporean politician <a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Bock" title="Tan Cheng Bock">Tan Cheng Bock</a> uses a palm tree-like symbol similar to a <i><a href="/wiki/Ravenala" title="Ravenala">Ravenala</a></i> to represent him in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Singaporean_presidential_election" title="2011 Singaporean presidential election">2011 Singaporean presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symbol of a party he founded, <a href="/wiki/Progress_Singapore_Party" title="Progress Singapore Party">Progress Singapore Party</a>, was also based on a palm tree.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, Catholics receive a cross on their forehead made of palm ashes as a reminder of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> belief that everyone and everything eventually returns to where it came from, commonly expressed by the saying "ashes to ashes and dust to dust."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lately the Fujairah Research Centre reported the use of date palm leaves to help restore coral reefs as it merged ancient <a href="/wiki/Emiratis" title="Emiratis">Emerati</a> techniques with modern science.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dates_on_date_palm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera"><img alt="Fruit of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dates_on_date_palm.jpg/137px-Dates_on_date_palm.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dates_on_date_palm.jpg/206px-Dates_on_date_palm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dates_on_date_palm.jpg/274px-Dates_on_date_palm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="875" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit of the date palm <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix dactylifera">Phoenix dactylifera</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Washingtonia robusta palms line Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica, California."><img alt="Washingtonia robusta palms line Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica, California." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg/150px-Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg/225px-Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg/300px-Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta" title="Washingtonia robusta">Washingtonia robusta</a></i> palms line Ocean Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel,_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rodeo Palms, a subdivision in Manvel, Texas"><img alt="Rodeo Palms, a subdivision in Manvel, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg/150px-Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg/225px-Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg/300px-Rodeo_Palms_--_Manvel%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5829" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rodeo Palms, a subdivision in Manvel, Texas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_tree_CANA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabal palm in the Canaveral National Seashore"><img alt="Sabal palm in the Canaveral National Seashore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Palm_tree_CANA.JPG/149px-Palm_tree_CANA.JPG" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Palm_tree_CANA.JPG/224px-Palm_tree_CANA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Palm_tree_CANA.JPG/298px-Palm_tree_CANA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sabal palm in the <a href="/wiki/Canaveral_National_Seashore" title="Canaveral National Seashore">Canaveral National Seashore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coconut flowers"><img alt="Coconut flowers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg/133px-Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg/200px-Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg/267px-Coconut_Palm_flowers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coconut flowers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_tree_top,_Georgia,_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of the top, Atlantic Ocean, Georgia, U.S."><img alt="Close-up of the top, Atlantic Ocean, Georgia, U.S." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg/133px-Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg/200px-Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg/266px-Palm_tree_top%2C_Georgia%2C_US.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of the top, Atlantic Ocean, Georgia, U.S.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palm Tree Orlando Florida"><img alt="Palm Tree Orlando Florida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg/112px-Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg/169px-Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg/225px-Thumbnail_0EABDEB1-4CA9-4B26-9C05-035B8F9C1221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="1472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palm Tree Orlando Florida</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endangered_species">Endangered species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Endangered species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pritchardia_affinis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pritchardia_affinis.jpg/220px-Pritchardia_affinis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pritchardia_affinis.jpg/330px-Pritchardia_affinis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pritchardia_affinis.jpg/440px-Pritchardia_affinis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pritchardia_affinis" title="Pritchardia affinis">Pritchardia affinis</a></i>, a critically endangered species endemic to the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Like many other plants, palms have been threatened by <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human intervention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_natural_resources" title="Exploitation of natural resources">exploitation</a>. The greatest risk to palms is <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction of habitat</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_forest" title="Tropical forest">tropical forests</a>, due to <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodchipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodchipping">wood-chipping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_farmland" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversion to farmland">conversion to farmland</a>. Palms rarely reproduce after such great changes in the habitat, and those with small habitat ranges are most vulnerable to them. The harvesting of heart of palm, a delicacy in salads, also poses a threat because it is derived from the palm's <a href="/wiki/Apical_meristem" class="mw-redirect" title="Apical meristem">apical meristem</a>, a vital part of the palm that cannot be regrown (except in domesticated varieties, e.g. of <a href="/wiki/Peach_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach palm">peach palm</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-KaheleHeartsHanaHou_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaheleHeartsHanaHou-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Rattan_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattan palm">rattan palms</a> in furniture has caused a major population decrease in these species that has negatively affected local and international markets, as well as biodiversity in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sale of seeds to nurseries and collectors is another threat, as the seeds of popular palms are sometimes harvested directly from the wild. In 2006, at least 100 palm species were considered endangered, and nine species have been reported as recently extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEintro_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEintro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, several factors make palm conservation more difficult. Palms live in almost every type of warm habitat and have tremendous morphological diversity. Most palm seeds lose viability quickly, and they cannot be preserved in low temperatures because the cold kills the embryo. Using botanical gardens for conservation also presents problems, since they can rarely house more than a few plants of any species or truly imitate the natural setting.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEconserv_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEconserv-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the risk that cross-pollination can lead to hybrid species. </p><p>The Palm Specialist Group of the <a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="World Conservation Union">World Conservation Union</a> (IUCN) began in 1984, and has performed a series of three studies to find basic information on the status of palms in the wild, use of wild palms, and palms under cultivation. Two projects on palm conservation and use supported by the <a href="/wiki/WWF_(conservation_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="WWF (conservation organization)">World Wildlife Fund</a> took place from 1985 to 1990 and 1986–1991, in the American tropics and southeast Asia, respectively. Both studies produced copious new data and publications on palms. Preparation of a global action plan for palm conservation began in 1991, supported by the IUCN, and was published in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEconserv_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEconserv-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rarest palm known is <i><a href="/wiki/Hyophorbe_amaricaulis" title="Hyophorbe amaricaulis">Hyophorbe amaricaulis</a></i>. The only living individual remains at the Botanic Gardens of Curepipe in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arthropod_pests">Arthropod pests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arthropod pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some pests are specialists to particular <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a>. Pests that attack a <i>variety</i> of species of palms include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Raoiella_indica" title="Raoiella indica">Raoiella indica</a></i>, the red palm mite<sup id="cite_ref-doacs.state.fl.us_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doacs.state.fl.us-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caryobruchus_gleditsiae" title="Caryobruchus gleditsiae">Caryobruchus gleditsiae</a></i>, the palm seed beetle or palm seed weevil<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus_ferrugineus" title="Rhynchophorus ferrugineus">Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</a></i>, the red palm weevil, recently introduced to Europe<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ferry-2002_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferry-2002-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palm_branch_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm branch (symbol)">Palm branch (symbol)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg/310px-Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg/465px-Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg/620px-Edward_Hitchcock_Paleontological_Chart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hitchcock" title="Edward Hitchcock">Edward Hitchcock</a>'s fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 <i>Elementary Geology</i>, showing the Palms as the crown of the plant <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)" title="Tree of life (biology)">tree of life</a>, alongside Man as the crown of the animal tree of life.</figcaption></figure> <p>The palm branch was a symbol of triumph and victory in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> rewarded champions of the games and celebrated military successes with palm branches. Early <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> used the palm branch to symbolize the victory of the faithful over enemies of the soul, as in the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> festival celebrating the triumphal entry of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> into <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the palm represents peace and plenty, and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">Four Species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>; the palm may also symbolize the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree of Life">Tree of Life</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>. </p><p>The canopies of the Rathayatra carts which carry the deities of Krishna and his family members in the cart festival of Jagganath Puri in India are marked with the emblem of a palm tree. Specifically it is the symbol of Krishna's brother, Baladeva.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1840, the American geologist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hitchcock" title="Edward Hitchcock">Edward Hitchcock</a> (1793–1864) published the first tree-like paleontology chart in his <i>Elementary Geology</i>, with two separate <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)" title="Tree of life (biology)">trees of life</a> for the plants and the animals. These are crowned (graphically) with the Palms and with Man.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the palm, especially the coconut palm, remains a symbol of the tropical island <a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">paradise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VPEintro_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VPEintro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palms appear on the flags and seals of several places where they are native, including those of <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Guam" title="Seal of Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Florida" title="Seal of Florida">Florida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Carolina" title="Flag of South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg/220px-Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg/330px-Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg/440px-Palm_trees_on_farm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Palm trees on farm blown by wind.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_plants">Other plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some species commonly called palms, though they are not true palms, include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ailanthus_altissima" title="Ailanthus altissima">Ailanthus altissima</a></i> (Ghetto palm), a tree in the flowering plant family <a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alocasia_odora" title="Alocasia odora">Alocasia odora</a> x gageana</i> 'Calidora' (Persian palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aloe_thraskii" title="Aloe thraskii">Aloe thraskii</a></i> (Palm aloe), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amorphophallus_konjac" title="Amorphophallus konjac">Amorphophallus konjac</a></i> (Snake palm), a flowering plant in the family Araceae<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beaucarnea_recurvata" title="Beaucarnea recurvata">Beaucarnea recurvata</a></i> (Ponytail palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Begonia_luxurians" title="Begonia luxurians">Begonia luxurians</a></i> (Palm leaf begonia), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biophytum_umbraculum" title="Biophytum umbraculum">Biophytum umbraculum</a></i> (South Pacific palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blechnum_appendiculatum" title="Blechnum appendiculatum">Blechnum appendiculatum</a></i> (Palm fern), a fern in the family <a href="/wiki/Aspleniaceae" title="Aspleniaceae">Aspleniaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_oleracea" title="Brassica oleracea">Brassica oleracea</a></i> '<a href="/wiki/Lacinato_kale" title="Lacinato kale">Lacinato kale</a>' (Black Tuscan palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brighamia_insignis" title="Brighamia insignis">Brighamia insignis</a></i> (Vulcan palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carludovica_palmata" title="Carludovica palmata">Carludovica palmata</a></i> (Panama hat palm)<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and perhaps other members in the family <a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cordyline_australis" title="Cordyline australis">Cordyline australis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Cabbage palm, Torbay palm, ti palm) or palm lily<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (family Asparagaceae) and other representatives in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Cordyline" title="Cordyline">Cordyline</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyathea_cunninghamii" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyathea cunninghamii">Cyathea cunninghamii</a></i> (Palm fern)<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other <a href="/wiki/Tree_ferns" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree ferns">tree ferns</a> (families <a href="/wiki/Cyatheaceae" title="Cyatheaceae">Cyatheaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dicksoniaceae" title="Dicksoniaceae">Dicksoniaceae</a>) that may be confused with palms.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cycas_revoluta" title="Cycas revoluta">Cycas revoluta</a></i> (Sago palm)<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the rest of the order <a href="/wiki/Cycadales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycadales">Cycadales</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyperus_alternifolius" title="Cyperus alternifolius">Cyperus alternifolius</a></i> (Umbrella palm), a sedge in the family <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasylirion_longissimum" title="Dasylirion longissimum">Dasylirion longissimum</a></i> (Grass palm), a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other plants in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Dasylirion" title="Dasylirion">Dasylirion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dioon_spinulosum" title="Dioon spinulosum">Dioon spinulosum</a></i> (Gum palm), a <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Zamiaceae" title="Zamiaceae">Zamiaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracaena_marginata" class="mw-redirect" title="Dracaena marginata">Dracaena marginata</a></i> (Dragon palm) a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenia_arborea" title="Eisenia arborea">Eisenia arborea</a></i> (Southern sea palm), a species of <a href="/wiki/Phaeophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaeophyceae">brown alga</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Lessoniaceae" title="Lessoniaceae">Lessoniaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatsia_japonica" title="Fatsia japonica">Fatsia japonica</a></i> (Figleaf palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypnodendron_comosum" title="Hypnodendron comosum">Hypnodendron comosum</a></i> (Palm tree moss or palm moss), a <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Hypnodendraceae" title="Hypnodendraceae">Hypnodendraceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musa_(genus)" title="Musa (genus)">Musa</a></i> species (Banana palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachypodium_lamerei" title="Pachypodium lamerei">Pachypodium lamerei</a></i> (Madagascar palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-RHSPF_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHSPF-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_spiralis" title="Pandanus spiralis">Pandanus spiralis</a></i> (Screw palm), a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and perhaps other <i><a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">Pandanus</a></i> spp.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ravenala" title="Ravenala">Ravenala</a></i> (Traveller's palm),<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a flowering plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setaria_palmifolia" title="Setaria palmifolia">Setaria palmifolia</a></i> (Palm grass),<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Tropical_Palms_63-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Tropical_Palms-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a grass in the family <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yucca_brevifolia" title="Yucca brevifolia">Yucca brevifolia</a></i> (Yucca palm or palm tree yucca)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yucca_filamentosa" title="Yucca filamentosa">Yucca filamentosa</a></i> (Needle palm)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Yucca_filifera" title="Yucca filifera">Yucca filifera</a></i> (St. Peter's palm),<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamia_furfuracea" title="Zamia furfuracea">Zamia furfuracea</a></i> (Cardboard palm), a cycad in the family Zamiaceae<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamioculcas_zamiifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamioculcas zamiifolia">Zamioculcas zamiifolia</a></i> (Emerald palm or aroid palm), a flowering plant in the family Araceae<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_palm" title="Fan palm">Fan palm</a>—genera with palmate leaves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera" title="List of Arecaceae genera">List of Arecaceae genera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foliage_plant_diseases_(Arecaceae)" title="List of foliage plant diseases (Arecaceae)">List of foliage plant diseases (Arecaceae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hardy_palms" title="List of hardy palms">List of hardy palms</a>—palms able to withstand colder temperatures</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Postelsia" title="Postelsia">Postelsia</a></i>—called the "sea palm" (a <a href="/wiki/Brown_alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown alga">brown alga</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=149928&is_real_user=1">"Bajo Comisión - Kachaike Formation (Cretaceous to of Argentina)"</a>. <i>PBDB.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBDB.org&rft.atitle=Bajo+Comisi%C3%B3n+-+Kachaike+Formation+%28Cretaceous+to+of+Argentina%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaleobiodb.org%2Fclassic%2FbasicCollectionSearch%3Fcollection_no%3D149928%26is_real_user%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apgiii-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apgiii_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngiosperm_Phylogeny_Group2009" class="citation journal cs1">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>. <b>161</b> (2): 105–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+III&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-121&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10654%2F18083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?95">"<i>Arecaceae</i> Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons"</a>. <i>Germplasm Resources Information Network</i>. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811120728/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?95">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Arecaceae+Bercht.+%26+J.+Presl%2C+nom.+cons.&rft.date=2007-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars-grin.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnpgs%2Fhtml%2Ffamily.pl%3F95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name "Palmaceae" is not accepted because the name Arecaceae (and its acceptable alternative Palmae, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgbm.org/IAPT/Nomenclature/Code/SaintLouis/0022Ch3Sec2a018.htm">ICBN Art. 18.5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060524104328/http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0022Ch3Sec2a018.htm">Archived</a> 2006-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) are conserved over other names for the palm family.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerDransfield2016" class="citation journal cs1">Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12401">"Beyond Genera Palmarum : progress and prospects in palm systematics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>. <b>182</b> (2): 207–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12401">10.1111/boj.12401</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=Beyond+Genera+Palmarum+%3A+progress+and+prospects+in+palm+systematics&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-233&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fboj.12401&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Dransfield%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fboj.12401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christenhusz-Byng2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christenhusz-Byng2016_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristenhuszByng2016" class="citation journal cs1">Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598">"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phytotaxa" title="Phytotaxa">Phytotaxa</a></i>. <b>261</b> (3): 201–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1">10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729085754/http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytotaxa&rft.atitle=The+number+of+known+plants+species+in+the+world+and+its+annual+increase&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=201-217&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1&rft.aulast=Christenhusz&rft.aufirst=M.+J.+M.&rft.au=Byng%2C+J.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiotaxa.org%2FPhytotaxa%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1%2F20598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloryAdams1997" class="citation book cs1">Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. 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Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-98-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-98-2"><bdi>1-884964-98-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+culture&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-884964-98-2&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft.au=Adams%2C+Douglas+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uhl-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uhl_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUhlDransfield1987" class="citation book cs1">Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). <i>Genera Palmarum – A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. 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Lawrence, Kansas: <a href="/wiki/Allen_Press" title="Allen Press">Allen Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935868-30-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935868-30-2"><bdi>978-0-935868-30-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera+Palmarum+%E2%80%93+A+classification+of+palms+based+on+the+work+of+Harold+E.+Moore&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=Allen+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-935868-30-2&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=Natalie+W.&rft.au=Dransfield%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424052701/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/arec.htm">"Arecaceae (Palmae)"</a>. <i>Botany Department <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="University of Hawaiʻi">University of Hawaiʻi</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/arec.htm">the original</a> on April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Botany+Department+University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi&rft.atitle=Arecaceae+%28Palmae%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botany.hawaii.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcarr%2Farec.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZona2000" class="citation cs1">Zona, Scott (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060525043634/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10061">"Arecaceae"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rhs.org.uk&rft.atitle=Yucca+filifera+%26%23124%3B+St.+Peter%27s+palm+Conservatory+Greenhouse%2FRHS+Gardening&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhs.org.uk%2Fplants%2F182647%2Fyucca-filifera%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/cardboard-palm-plants/growing-cardboard-palms.htm">"What Is A Zamia Cardboard Palm: Tips On Growing Cardboard Palms"</a>. <i>Gardeningknowhow.com</i>. 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gardeningknowhow.com&rft.atitle=What+Is+A+Zamia+Cardboard+Palm%3A+Tips+On+Growing+Cardboard+Palms&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardeningknowhow.com%2Fhouseplants%2Fcardboard-palm-plants%2Fgrowing-cardboard-palms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature-and-garden.com/gardening/zamioculcas.html">"Zamioculcas, a survivor plant born eons ago - and perfect for the home!"</a>. <i>Nature-and-garden.com</i>. 2 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nature-and-garden.com&rft.atitle=Zamioculcas%2C+a+survivor+plant+born+eons+ago+-+and+perfect+for+the+home%21&rft.date=2021-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature-and-garden.com%2Fgardening%2Fzamioculcas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDransfieldUhlAsmussenBaker2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dransfield, J.; Uhl, N. W.; Asmussen, C. B.; Baker, W. J.; Harley, M. M.; Lewis, C. E. (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898364">"A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kew_Bulletin" title="Kew Bulletin">Kew Bulletin</a></i>. <b>60</b> (4): 559–569.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kew+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+new+phylogenetic+classification+of+the+palm+family%2C+Arecaceae&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=559-569&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Dransfield&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Uhl%2C+N.+W.&rft.au=Asmussen%2C+C.+B.&rft.au=Baker%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Harley%2C+M.+M.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F215898364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span> (Latest Arecaceae or Palmae classification.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hahn, William J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F106351502753475899">"A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Palmae (Arecaceae) Based on <i>atp</i>B, <i>rbc</i>L, and 18S nrDNA Sequences"</a>. <i>Systematic Biology</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 92–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F106351502753475899">10.1080/106351502753475899</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3070898">3070898</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11943094">11943094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&rft.atitle=A+Molecular+Phylogenetic+Study+of+the+Palmae+%28Arecaceae%29+Based+on+atpB%2C+rbcL%2C+and+18S+nrDNA+Sequences&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=92-112&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11943094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3070898%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F106351502753475899&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F106351502753475899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Heinrich_%22Schultzenstein%22_Schultz" title="Carl Heinrich "Schultzenstein" Schultz">Schultz-Schultzenstein, C. H.</a> (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natrlichessyste00schugoog/mode/2up"><i>Natürliches System des Pflanzenreichs...</i></a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natrlichessyste00schugoog/page/n358/mode/2up">317</a>. Berlin, Germany. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arecaceae&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arecaceae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Arecaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">Palmpedia</a>—A wiki-based site dedicated to high quality images and information on palm trees.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060105052552/http://www.fairchildgarden.org/palmguide/">Fairchild Guide to Palms</a>—A collection of palm images, scientific data, and horticultural information hosted by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221259/http://www.kew.org/cgi-bin/web.dbs/genlist.pl?PALMAE">Kew Botanic Garden's Palm Genera list</a>—A list of the currently acknowledged genera by Kew Royal Botanic Gardens in London, England (archived 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/">Palm species listing with images</a>—Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia (PACSOA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantapalm.com">Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida, Inc. (PACSOF)</a>, which includes pages on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074035/http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/taxonomy/vpe_taxonomy3.htm">Arecaceae taxonomy</a> and a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050131042030/http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/photos/vpe_photos.htm">photo index</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterken2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sterken, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217121617/http://www.treeworld.info/attachments/f29/8774d1227613501-diagnostico-visual-de-arbolado-y-palmeras-psb54-4-short.pdf">"The Elastic Stability of Palms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Plant Science Bulletin</i>. <b>54</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treeworld.info/attachments/f29/8774d1227613501-diagnostico-visual-de-arbolado-y-palmeras-psb54-4-short.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Elastic+Stability+of+Palms&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sterken&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treeworld.info%2Fattachments%2Ff29%2F8774d1227613501-diagnostico-visual-de-arbolado-y-palmeras-psb54-4-short.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArecaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/PALM.html">Palmaceae</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/index.html">BoDD—Botanical Dermatology Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace, A. R.</a> (1853), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/70075">Palm trees of the Amazon and their uses</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arecaceae_genera" title="Template:Arecaceae genera"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arecaceae_genera" title="Template talk:Arecaceae genera"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arecaceae_genera" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arecaceae genera"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arecaceae_genera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arecaceae</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera" title="List of Arecaceae genera">genera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Baker & <a href="/wiki/John_Dransfield" title="John Dransfield">Dransfield</a> (2016) taxonomy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calamoideae" title="Calamoideae">Calamoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eugeissoneae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugeissoneae">Eugeissoneae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugeissona" title="Eugeissona">Eugeissona</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lepidocaryeae" title="Lepidocaryeae">Lepidocaryeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oncocalamus" title="Oncocalamus">Oncocalamus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eremospatha" title="Eremospatha">Eremospatha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laccosperma" title="Laccosperma">Laccosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raphia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidocaryum" title="Lepidocaryum">Lepidocaryum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mauritia" title="Mauritia">Mauritia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mauritiella" title="Mauritiella">Mauritiella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calameae" title="Calameae">Calameae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Korthalsia" title="Korthalsia">Korthalsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleiodoxa" title="Eleiodoxa">Eleiodoxa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salacca" title="Salacca">Salacca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon" title="Metroxylon">Metroxylon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pigafetta" title="Pigafetta">Pigafetta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectocomia" title="Plectocomia">Plectocomia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrialepis" title="Myrialepis">Myrialepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectocomiopsis" title="Plectocomiopsis">Plectocomiopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamus_(palm)" title="Calamus (palm)">Calamus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1859-Martinique.web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/100px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/150px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1859-Martinique.web.jpg/200px-1859-Martinique.web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nypoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nypoideae">Nypoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">Nypa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coryphoideae" title="Coryphoideae">Coryphoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sabaleae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaleae">Sabaleae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabal" title="Sabal">Sabal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryosophileae" title="Cryosophileae">Cryosophileae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Schippia" title="Schippia">Schippia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trithrinax" title="Trithrinax">Trithrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zombia" title="Zombia">Zombia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coccothrinax" title="Coccothrinax">Coccothrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemithrinax" title="Hemithrinax">Hemithrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucothrinax" title="Leucothrinax">Leucothrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thrinax" title="Thrinax">Thrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelyocarpus" title="Chelyocarpus">Chelyocarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryosophila" title="Cryosophila">Cryosophila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Itaya" title="Itaya">Itaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabinaria" title="Sabinaria">Sabinaria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phoeniceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoeniceae">Phoeniceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)" title="Phoenix (plant)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trachycarpeae" title="Trachycarpeae">Trachycarpeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamaerops" title="Chamaerops">Chamaerops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guihaia" title="Guihaia">Guihaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus" title="Trachycarpus">Trachycarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapidophyllum" title="Rhapidophyllum">Rhapidophyllum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maxburretia" title="Maxburretia">Maxburretia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapis" title="Rhapis">Rhapis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livistona" title="Livistona">Livistona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Licuala" title="Licuala">Licuala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannesteijsmannia" title="Johannesteijsmannia">Johannesteijsmannia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pholidocarpus" title="Pholidocarpus">Pholidocarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saribus" title="Saribus">Saribus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanonia" title="Lanonia">Lanonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acoelorraphe" title="Acoelorraphe">Acoelorraphe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">Serenoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahea" title="Brahea">Brahea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colpothrinax" title="Colpothrinax">Colpothrinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copernicia" title="Copernicia">Copernicia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pritchardia" title="Pritchardia">Pritchardia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia" title="Washingtonia">Washingtonia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuniophoeniceae" title="Chuniophoeniceae">Chuniophoeniceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuniophoenix" title="Chuniophoenix">Chuniophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerriodoxa" title="Kerriodoxa">Kerriodoxa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nannorrhops" title="Nannorrhops">Nannorrhops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahina_spectabilis" title="Tahina spectabilis">Tahina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caryoteae" title="Caryoteae">Caryoteae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caryota" title="Caryota">Caryota</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arenga" title="Arenga">Arenga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corypheae" title="Corypheae">Corypheae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corypha" title="Corypha">Corypha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borasseae" title="Borasseae">Borasseae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bismarckia" title="Bismarckia">Bismarckia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satranala" title="Satranala">Satranala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyphaene" title="Hyphaene">Hyphaene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medemia" title="Medemia">Medemia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latania" title="Latania">Latania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lodoicea" title="Lodoicea">Lodoicea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borassodendron" title="Borassodendron">Borassodendron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borassus" title="Borassus">Borassus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceroxyloideae" title="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudophoenix" title="Pseudophoenix">Pseudophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceroxylon" title="Ceroxylon">Ceroxylon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juania" title="Juania">Juania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oraniopsis" title="Oraniopsis">Oraniopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ravenea" title="Ravenea">Ravenea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammandra" title="Ammandra">Ammandra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aphandra" title="Aphandra">Aphandra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phytelephas" title="Phytelephas">Phytelephas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arecoideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecoideae">Arecoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Podococcus" title="Podococcus">Podococcus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orania_(plant)" title="Orania (plant)">Orania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerosperma" title="Sclerosperma">Sclerosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roystonea" title="Roystonea">Roystonea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reinhardtia" title="Reinhardtia">Reinhardtia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manicaria" title="Manicaria">Manicaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyospathe" title="Hyospathe">Hyospathe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leopoldinia" title="Leopoldinia">Leopoldinia</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iriarteeae" title="Iriarteeae">Iriarteeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iriartella" title="Iriartella">Iriartella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictyocaryum" title="Dictyocaryum">Dictyocaryum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iriartea" title="Iriartea">Iriartea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socratea" title="Socratea">Socratea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wettinia" title="Wettinia">Wettinia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chamaedoreeae" title="Chamaedoreeae">Chamaedoreeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyophorbe" title="Hyophorbe">Hyophorbe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wendlandiella" title="Wendlandiella">Wendlandiella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Synechanthus" title="Synechanthus">Synechanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamaedorea" title="Chamaedorea">Chamaedorea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaussia_(plant)" title="Gaussia (plant)">Gaussia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cocoseae" title="Cocoseae">Cocoseae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beccariophoenix" title="Beccariophoenix">Beccariophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubaeopsis" title="Jubaeopsis">Jubaeopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voanioala" title="Voanioala">Voanioala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allagoptera" title="Allagoptera">Allagoptera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Attalea_(plant)" title="Attalea (plant)">Attalea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butia" title="Butia">Butia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Cocos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubaea" title="Jubaea">Jubaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syagrus_(plant)" title="Syagrus (plant)">Syagrus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parajubaea" title="Parajubaea">Parajubaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acrocomia" title="Acrocomia">Acrocomia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum" title="Astrocaryum">Astrocaryum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aiphanes" title="Aiphanes">Aiphanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactris" title="Bactris">Bactris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desmoncus" title="Desmoncus">Desmoncus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barcella" title="Barcella">Barcella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaeis" title="Elaeis">Elaeis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euterpeae" title="Euterpeae">Euterpeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Euterpe_(plant)" title="Euterpe (plant)">Euterpe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prestoea" title="Prestoea">Prestoea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neonicholsonia" title="Neonicholsonia">Neonicholsonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oenocarpus" title="Oenocarpus">Oenocarpus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geonomateae" title="Geonomateae">Geonomateae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Welfia" title="Welfia">Welfia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pholidostachys" title="Pholidostachys">Pholidostachys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptrogyne" title="Calyptrogyne">Calyptrogyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptronoma" title="Calyptronoma">Calyptronoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asterogyne" title="Asterogyne">Asterogyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geonoma" title="Geonoma">Geonoma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagodoxeae" title="Pelagodoxeae">Pelagodoxeae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelagodoxa" title="Pelagodoxa">Pelagodoxa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sommieria" title="Sommieria">Sommieria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areceae" title="Areceae">Areceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Actinorhytis" title="Actinorhytis">Actinorhytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archontophoenix" title="Archontophoenix">Archontophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Actinokentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinokentia">Actinokentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chambeyronia" title="Chambeyronia">Chambeyronia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kentiopsis" title="Kentiopsis">Kentiopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">Areca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nenga" title="Nenga">Nenga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinanga" title="Pinanga">Pinanga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basselinia" title="Basselinia">Basselinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burretiokentia" title="Burretiokentia">Burretiokentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyphophoenix" title="Cyphophoenix">Cyphophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyphosperma" title="Cyphosperma">Cyphosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidorrhachis" title="Lepidorrhachis">Lepidorrhachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physokentia" title="Physokentia">Physokentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpoxylon" title="Carpoxylon">Carpoxylon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satakentia" title="Satakentia">Satakentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoveitchia" title="Neoveitchia">Neoveitchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyphokentia" title="Cyphokentia">Cyphokentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinosperma" title="Clinosperma">Clinosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dypsis" title="Dypsis">Dypsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lemurophoenix" title="Lemurophoenix">Lemurophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marojejya" title="Marojejya">Marojejya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masoala" title="Masoala">Masoala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptrocalyx" title="Calyptrocalyx">Calyptrocalyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linospadix" title="Linospadix">Linospadix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howea" title="Howea">Howea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laccospadix" title="Laccospadix">Laccospadix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oncosperma" title="Oncosperma">Oncosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deckenia_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deckenia (plant)">Deckenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthophoenix" title="Acanthophoenix">Acanthophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tectiphiala" title="Tectiphiala">Tectiphiala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptychosperma" title="Ptychosperma">Ptychosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponapea" title="Ponapea">Ponapea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adonidia" title="Adonidia">Adonidia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaka_(plant)" title="Balaka (plant)">Balaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veitchia" title="Veitchia">Veitchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpentaria" title="Carpentaria">Carpentaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wodyetia" title="Wodyetia">Wodyetia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drymophloeus" title="Drymophloeus">Drymophloeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Normanbya" title="Normanbya">Normanbya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brassiophoenix" title="Brassiophoenix">Brassiophoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptychococcus" title="Ptychococcus">Ptychococcus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jailoloa" title="Jailoloa">Jailoloa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manjekia" title="Manjekia">Manjekia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallaceodoxa" title="Wallaceodoxa">Wallaceodoxa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopalostylis" title="Rhopalostylis">Rhopalostylis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedyscepe" title="Hedyscepe">Hedyscepe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nephrosperma" title="Nephrosperma">Nephrosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenicophorium" title="Phoenicophorium">Phoenicophorium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roscheria" title="Roscheria">Roscheria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verschaffeltia" title="Verschaffeltia">Verschaffeltia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bentinckia" title="Bentinckia">Bentinckia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinostigma" title="Clinostigma">Clinostigma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtostachys" title="Cyrtostachys">Cyrtostachys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictyosperma" title="Dictyosperma">Dictyosperma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dransfieldia" title="Dransfieldia">Dransfieldia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterospathe" title="Heterospathe">Heterospathe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydriastele" title="Hydriastele">Hydriastele</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iguanura" title="Iguanura">Iguanura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxococcus" title="Loxococcus">Loxococcus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopaloblaste" title="Rhopaloblaste">Rhopaloblaste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;;background:#90EE90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angiosperm_families" title="Template talk:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Families of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (<a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li>Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Template:Plant_classification" title="Template:Plant classification">Plant</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bryophyta" title="Template:Bryophyta">Bryophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marchantiophyta" title="Template:Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fern_classification" title="Template:Fern classification">Polypodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Acrogymnospermae_classification" title="Template:Acrogymnospermae classification">Acrogymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families">Angiospermae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>angio<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>sperms</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydatellaceae" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="margin:+20px; position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"> <a href="/wiki/Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiospermae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arecaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_families" title="Category:Angiosperm families">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Arecaceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14080" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14080">Q14080</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/54500">54500</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Tropical_Rainforest_Plants" title="Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants">ATRF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Arecaceae.htm">Arecaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=148833">148833</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6234D">6234D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8193">8193</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PALF">1PALF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22753">22753</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10061">10061</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10061">10061</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7681">7681</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=95">95</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/48867">48867</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30000211-2">30000211-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=114569">114569</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=500043">500043</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000159425">NBNSYS0000159425</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4710">4710</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/f0f37700-f09d-4a5c-b8f0-b8ee451c84c3">f0f37700-f09d-4a5c-b8f0-b8ee451c84c3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=526437">526437</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53807">53807</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD3C627A-FFEF-FFCF-FF40-FCAEFE3EFC5D">FD3C627A-FFEF-FFCF-FF40-FCAEFE3EFC5D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000211-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000211-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000339">42000339</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/7df49a71-0d91-49ad-b62d-f46c66ead237">7df49a71-0d91-49ad-b62d-f46c66ead237</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-7000000046">wfo-7000000046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=234449">234449</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Palmae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14848242" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14848242">Q14848242</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/214580">214580</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=20427">20427</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4270410">4270410</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=811">811</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119044">119044</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42432">42432</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/b8403eed-a16b-451c-a6d6-6e2499d06b69">b8403eed-a16b-451c-a6d6-6e2499d06b69</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54575">54575</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000469">42000469</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Watson & Dallwitz: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/palmae.htm">palmae</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palmen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044424-7">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palms"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85097246">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palmiers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098525z">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palmiers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098525z">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="arekovité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114081&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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