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id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Xuyakirin" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Xuyakirin</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Hest%C3%AE" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Hest%C3%AE" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Hest%C3%AE" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Hest%C3%AE" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyContributions" title="Lîsteyeke guhartinên ji vê IP adresê [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beşdariyên min</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Erkên_hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erkên_hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Erkên hestî</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erkên_hestî-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Erkên hestî bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erkên_hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palpiştkirin_û_Parastin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palpiştkirin_û_Parastin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Palpiştkirin û Parastin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palpiştkirin_û_Parastin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livîn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livîn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Livîn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livîn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berhemanîna_xaneyên_xwînê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berhemanîna_xaneyên_xwînê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Berhemanîna xaneyên xwînê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berhemanîna_xaneyên_xwînê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embarkirina_mîneralan_û_Çavkaniya_enerjiyê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embarkirina_mîneralan_û_Çavkaniya_enerjiyê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Embarkirina mîneralan û Çavkaniya enerjiyê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embarkirina_mîneralan_û_Çavkaniya_enerjiyê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_şêweyê_wan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_şêweyê_wan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Polenkirina hestiyan li gor şêweyê wan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_şêweyê_wan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Polenkirina hestiyan li gor şêweyê wan bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_şêweyê_wan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_dirêj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_dirêj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hestiyê dirêj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_dirêj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_pehn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_pehn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hestiyê pehn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_pehn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_kurt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_kurt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hestiyê kurt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_kurt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_kunciyî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_kunciyî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hestiyê kunciyî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_kunciyî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_bêserûber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_bêserûber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Hestiyê bêserûber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_bêserûber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_Hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_Hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Xaneyên Hestî</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Xaneyên_Hestî-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Xaneyên Hestî bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_Hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_çêkerê_hestî_(Osteoblast)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_çêkerê_hestî_(Osteoblast)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Xaneyên çêkerê hestî (Osteoblast)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_çêkerê_hestî_(Osteoblast)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_hestî_(osteosît)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_hestî_(osteosît)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Xaneyên hestî (osteosît)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_hestî_(osteosît)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_bineratî_yê_hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_bineratî_yê_hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Xaneyên bineratî yê hestî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_bineratî_yê_hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_hilweşînerê_hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_hilweşînerê_hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_hilweşînerê_hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matrîksa_hestiyê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matrîksa_hestiyê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Matrîksa hestiyê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matrîksa_hestiyê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bergê_Hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bergê_Hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bergê Hestî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bergê_Hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pêkhateya_Hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pêkhateya_Hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pêkhateya Hestî</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pêkhateya_Hestî-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Pêkhateya Hestî bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pêkhateya_Hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_Pitew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_Pitew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hestiyê Pitew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_Pitew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beşên_sîstema_Haversê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beşên_sîstema_Haversê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Beşên sîstema Haversê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beşên_sîstema_Haversê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coga_Havers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coga_Havers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.1</span> <span>Coga Havers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coga_Havers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perikên_yeknavendî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perikên_yeknavendî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.2</span> <span>Perikên yeknavendî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perikên_yeknavendî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cogik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cogik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.3</span> <span>Cogik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cogik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hestiyê_Îsfencî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hestiyê_Îsfencî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Hestiyê Îsfencî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hestiyê_Îsfencî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moxê_hestî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moxê_hestî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Moxê hestî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moxê_hestî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çavkanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çavkanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hestî</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 158 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 158 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Been" title="Been – afrîkansî" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Been" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrîkansî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen – elmanîşî" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="elmanîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="አጥንት – amharî" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አጥንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueso" title="Ueso – aragonî" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ueso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81n" title="Bān – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bān" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="عظم – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܓܪܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܪܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় – asamî" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCesu" title="Güesu – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Güesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskan" title="Oskan – atîkamekî" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atîkamekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0" title="Ракьа – avarî" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракьа" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27aka" title="Ch'aka – aymarayî" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ch'aka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymarayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCm%C3%BCk" title="Sümük – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sümük" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9" title="سوموک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوموک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Һөйәк – başkîrî" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һөйәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başkîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boana" title="Boana – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Boana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косць – belarusî" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Косць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Косьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – betawî" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост – bulgarî" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holi-holi" title="Holi-holi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Holi-holi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1uk-g%C3%A1uk" title="Gáuk-gáuk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáuk-gáuk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ئێسک – soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu" title="Ossu – korsîkayî" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ossu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83" title="Шăмă – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шăмă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgwrn" title="Asgwrn – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asgwrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knogle_(anatomi)" title="Knogle (anatomi) – danmarkî" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knogle (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danmarkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94bili" title="Kɔbili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔbili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Este" title="Este – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Este" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Οστό – yewnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οστό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yewnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hueso" title="Hueso – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hueso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezur" title="Hezur – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hezur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استخوان – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui" title="Sui – fîjî" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sui" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fîjî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94s" title="Ôs – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ôs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonke" title="Bonke – frîsî" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bonke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A1mh" title="Cnámh – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cnámh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A0mh" title="Cnàmh – gaelîka skotî" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cnàmh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelîka skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93so" title="Óso – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangue" title="Kangue – guwaranî" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kangue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guwaranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulalo" title="Tulalo – gorontaloyî" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tulalo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontaloyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut-kak" title="Kut-kak – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kut-kak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D" title="עצם – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo" title="Zo – haîtî" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csont" title="Csont – mecarî" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mecarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauniq" title="Sauniq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sauniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA" title="ТӀехк – îngûşî" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ТӀехк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="îngûşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto – îdoyî" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="îdoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bein" title="Bein – îzlendî" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="îzlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung – javayî" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვალი – gurcî" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gurcî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ess" title="Iɣess – kabîlî" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣess" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Mɔɔyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungkup" title="Kungkup – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kungkup" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhlan" title="Tuhlan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tuhlan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сүйек – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүйек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೂಳೆ – kannadayî" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೂಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%BC%88" title="뼈 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뼈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%DA%88%D9%90%D8%AC%D8%A0" title="أڈِجؠ – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="أڈِجؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn – kornî" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomia_ossis)" title="Os (anatomia ossis) – latînî" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Os (anatomia ossis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schank" title="Schank – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтаркӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтаркӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oso" title="Oso – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oso" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaok" title="Knaok – lîmbûrgî" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Knaok" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="lîmbûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs – lombardî" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%BAwa" title="Mokúwa – lingalayî" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokúwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaulas" title="Kaulas – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauls" title="Kauls – latviyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kauls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latviyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Пакарь – mokşayî" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пакарь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokşayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolana" title="Taolana – malagasî" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taolana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83" title="Лу – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – mînangkabawî" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mînangkabawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Коска – makedonî" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF" title="അസ്ഥി – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്ഥി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81" title="Яс – mongolî" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Яс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="အရိုး – burmayî" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="استکا – mazenderanî" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenderanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omitl" title="Omitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Omitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="क्वँय् – newarî" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्वँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot_(anatomie)" title="Bot (anatomie) – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bot (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knokkel" title="Knokkel – norwecî (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knokkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwecî (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs – oksîtanî" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafee" title="Lafee – oromoyî" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="ହାଡ଼ – oriyayî" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੱਡੀ – puncabî" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="puncabî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokel" title="Pokel – pangasînanî" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Pokel" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasînanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Kość – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%89%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="هډوکی – peştûyî" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هډوکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullu" title="Tullu – keçwayî" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tullu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçwayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomie)" title="Os (anatomie) – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Os (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osu" title="Osu – aromanî" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Osu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Кость – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – sanskrîtî" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_(%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3)" title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ) – santalî" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu_(struttura_r%C3%ACggida)" title="Ossu (struttura rìggida) – sicîlî" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ossu (struttura rìggida)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane" title="Bane – skotî" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bane" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DA%8F%D9%88" title="ھڏو – sindhî" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھڏو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1kti" title="Dákti – samiya bakur" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dákti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosti" title="Kosti – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kosti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ss" title="Iɣss – taşelhitî" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɣss" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taşelhitî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos%C5%A5" title="Kosť – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laf" title="Laf – somalî" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Laf" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocka" title="Kocka – elbanî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kocka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="elbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – sundanî" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_(skelett)" title="Ben (skelett) – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ben (skelett)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfupa" title="Mfupa – swahîlî" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfupa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="எலும்பு – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலும்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95" title="ఎముక – telûgûyî" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎముక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telûgûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Устухон – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Устухон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="กระดูก – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buto_(anatomiya)" title="Buto (anatomiya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buto (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerapo" title="Lerapo – tswanayî" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Lerapo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswanayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemik" title="Kemik – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kemik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кістка – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кістка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyak" title="Suyak – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suyak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Xương – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom" title="Bom – volapûkî" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bom" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapûkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxhea" title="Oxhea – walonî" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oxhea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukog" title="Bukog – warayî" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 – çîniya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çîniya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ყვილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ביין – yidîşî" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yidîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun – yorubayî" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Egungun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yorubayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndok" title="Ndok – zhuangî" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndok" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut" title="Kut – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AE" title="Li rûpela naverokê binêre [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Gotar</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAj:Hest%C3%AE" rel="discussion" title="Gotûbêj li ser rûpela naverokê [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Varyanta zimanî biguhêre" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kurdî/کوردی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-ku mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&variant=ku" lang="ku" hreflang="ku"><span>Kurdî/کوردی</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-ku-Arab mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&variant=ku-arab" lang="ku-Arab" hreflang="ku-Arab"><span>Tîpên erebî</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-ku-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&variant=ku-latn" lang="ku-Latn" hreflang="ku-Latn"><span>Tîpên latînî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Dîtin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=history" title="Guhartoyên berê yên vê rûpelê [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qutiya amûran" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qutiya amûran</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Amûr</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aksiyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=history"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Giştî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Gir%C3%AAdan%C3%AAn_li_ser_vir/Hest%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên ku pê ve girêdayî ne [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Girêdanên li ser vê rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:RecentChangesLinked/Hest%C3%AE" rel="nofollow" title="Guhartinên dawî di rûpelên ku ji vê rûpelê ve hatine girêdan de [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Guhartinên têkildar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ku" title="Dosyeyan bar bike [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Wêneyekî bar bike</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:SpecialPages" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên taybetî [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Rûpelên taybet</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&oldid=1864479" title="Lînka daîmî yê ji bo vê revizyona rûpelê"><span>Girêdana daîmî</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=info" title="Bêhtir agahî di derbarê vê rûpelê de"><span>Agahiyên rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CiteThisPage&page=Hest%C3%AE&id=1864479&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Agahdariya li ser qalkirina rûpelê"><span>Qalkirina rûpelê bibîne</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHest%25C3%25AE"><span>URLya kurt çêke</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHest%25C3%25AE"><span>Koda QRyê daxîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap bike/derxîne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hest%C3%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>Wek PDF daxe</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Guhartoya çapkirinê ya vê rûpelê [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Guhartoya çapkirinê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di projeyên din de </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bones" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265868" title="Girêdana ji hêmana eleqedar yê di embara daneyan de re [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Hêmana Wîkîdaneyê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/220px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/330px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg/440px-603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone_ku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Hestî hemû cor şaneyan lixwe digire.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hestî</b> (yan jî hestû) corek ji <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">bestereşaneyê</a> ye<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Peykerakoendama mirovên pêgehiştî ji 206 hestiyan pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lê bi eslê xwe <a href="/wiki/Endam_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Endam (biyolojî)">endamên</a> hestî hemû cor <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">şaneyan</a> lixwe digirin. Şaneya <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">xwînê</a>, şaneya <a href="/wiki/Kirkirk" title="Kirkirk">kirkirkê</a>, şaneya <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBlke" title="Masûlke">masûlkeyê</a>, şaneya <a href="/wiki/Demare%C5%9Fane" title="Demareşane">demarê</a>, şaneya <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBke%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fane" title="Rûkeşeşane">rûkeşê</a> di pêkhateya hestî de cih digirin. Wekî mînak, serê hestiyên dirêj bi kirkirk dapoşrav e. Xwîn xurek û oksîjen dabîn dike ji bo hestî. Xwîn bi navbeynkariya <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Lûleya xwînê">lûleyên xwînê</a> digihîje hestî, rûyê navî yê lûleyên xwînê bi çînek xaneyên rûkêş ve dapoşrav e. Herwîsa li ser dîwarê lûleyên xwînê de masûlkeyên lûs cih digin. Ji bo hestkirina pesto û azarê şaneya demar li hestî de kar dike<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hesti bi gelemperî ji kirkirk çêdibin. Her wekî hemû corên bestereşaneyan, hestî jî ji <a href="/wiki/Xane" title="Xane">xane</a> û madeyên navbera xaneyan (matrîks) pêk tê. Reqbûna hestî ji ber mîneralên kalsîyûmê ye, lê zexmbûna hestiyan ji ber rîşalên kolojen û rîşalên eleastînê ye. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erkên_hestî"><span id="Erk.C3.AAn_hest.C3.AE"></span>Erkên hestî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Erkên hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Erkên hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palpiştkirin_û_Parastin"><span id="Palpi.C5.9Ftkirin_.C3.BB_Parastin"></span>Palpiştkirin û Parastin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Palpiştkirin û Parastin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Palpiştkirin û Parastin"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestî binkeyek req dabîn dike ji bo cihbûn û girêdana masûlkeyan. Endamên navî yên laş diparêze. Destek dide ji bo çêbûna bejnûbala mirov. Hestiyên <a href="/wiki/Qefesa_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Qefesa sîngê">qefesa sîngê</a> <a href="/wiki/Dil%C3%AA_mirov" title="Dilê mirov">dil</a> û <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fika_mirov%C3%AE" title="Pişika mirovî">pişikan</a> diparêze, hestiyên kiloxê <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_mirov" title="Demaxê mirov">demaxê</a> dorpêç dike û diparêze, hestiyên <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">birrbirreyê</a> <a href="/wiki/Dirkepetik" title="Dirkepetik">dirkepetikê</a> diparêzê û <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_hewz%C3%AA" title="Piştêna hewzê">hestiyên hewzê</a> hêlînek awa dike ji bo endamên <a href="/wiki/Koendama_heris%C3%AA_ya_mirovan" title="Koendama herisê ya mirovan">koendama herisê</a>, endamên zawûzeyê û endamên koendama mîzê<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livîn"><span id="Liv.C3.AEn"></span>Livîn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Livîn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Livîn"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestî cihê girêdanê ne ji bo masûlkeyên peykerê. Gava masûlke girj dibin û xav dibin hestî jî bi navbeynkariya gehan dilive, bi vî awayê ew beşa laş jî dilive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berhemanîna_xaneyên_xwînê"><span id="Berheman.C3.AEna_xaney.C3.AAn_xw.C3.AEn.C3.AA"></span>Berhemanîna xaneyên xwînê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Berhemanîna xaneyên xwînê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Berhemanîna xaneyên xwînê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xaneyên xwînê di nav corek bestereşaneyê ya bi navê <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">moxê hestî</a> de tên berhemanîn. Moxê hestî du cor in, moxê sor û moxê zer. <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">Xaneyên xwînê</a> ji aliyê moxê sor ve tê berhemkirin. Moxê sor li beşa hestiyê îsfence yê hestî de cih digire. Moxê sor ê hestî xaneyên bineratî lixwe digire. Xaneyên bineratî yên moxê sor hemû cor xaneyên xwînê berhem dikin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embarkirina_mîneralan_û_Çavkaniya_enerjiyê"><span id="Embarkirina_m.C3.AEneralan_.C3.BB_.C3.87avkaniya_enerjiy.C3.AA"></span>Embarkirina mîneralan û Çavkaniya enerjiyê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Embarkirina mîneralan û Çavkaniya enerjiyê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Embarkirina mîneralan û Çavkaniya enerjiyê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>% 90ê ji mîneralên kalsiyum û fosfar ên laş di hestî de tên enbarkirin an jî ji hestî tê berdan<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kalsiyum mîneralek bingehîn e. Ji bo girjbûn û xavbûna masûlkeyan, meyîna xwînê û ji bo <a href="/wiki/Erk%C3%AA_kar" title="Erkê kar">demareragihandinê</a> pêdiviya laş bi kalsiyumê heye. Asta kalsiyuma laşê mirov ji aliyê <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormonên</a> kalsîtonîn û <a href="/wiki/Hormona_parat%C3%AEro%C3%AEd" title="Hormona paratîroîd">parathormonê</a> ve tê rêkxistin. Ji bo diristkirin û bikaranîna molekula <a href="/wiki/Adenoz%C3%AEna_tr%C3%AEfosfat" title="Adenozîna trîfosfat">ATP</a> (Adenozîna sê fosfatî) û molekûlên asîdên navikî (nukleyî); <a href="/wiki/As%C3%AEda_r%C3%AEbonukley%C3%AE" title="Asîda rîbonukleyî">ARN</a> (Asîda rîbononukleyî) û <a href="/wiki/As%C3%AEda_deoks%C3%AEr%C3%AEbonukley%C3%AE" title="Asîda deoksîrîbonukleyî">ADN</a> (Asîda deoksîrîbonukleyî) pêdivî bi fosforê heye. Gava di xwîna mirov de rêjeya kalsiyum an jî fosforê ji asata asayî nizimtir dibe, hinek ji bestereşaneyên hestî hildiweşin û mîneralan ji hesti der didin nav xwînê. Bi vî awayî rêjeya fosfor û kalsiyumê dîsa ber bi asta asayî ve bilind dibe. Li gel embarkirina xwêyan, di doxê hestiyên dirêj de di nav moxê zer ê hestî de, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEp%C3%AEd" title="Lîpîd">çewrî</a> jî tê embarkirin. Gava pêdivî pê hebe, ev çewriya li moxê zer, ji bo bi destxistina enerjiyê tê bikaranîn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_şêweyê_wan"><span id="Polenkirina_hestiyan_li_gor_.C5.9F.C3.AAwey.C3.AA_wan"></span>Polenkirina hestiyan li gor şêweyê wan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Polenkirina hestiyan li gor şêweyê wan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Polenkirina hestiyan li gor şêweyê wan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li gor şêweyê xwe hestî pênc cor in; hestiyê dirêj, hestiyê kurt(kin), hestiyê pehn, hestiyê bêserûber û hestiyê kunciyî </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png/220px-Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png/330px-Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png/440px-Blausen_0229_ClassificationofBones_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Di laşê mirov de herî zêde hestiyên dirêj hene.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_dirêj"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_dir.C3.AAj"></span>Hestiyê dirêj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê dirêj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê dirêj"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestiyên ko dirêjiya wan ji firehiyan wan zêde ye wekî hestiyên dirêj tên navkirin. Hestiyên dirêj doxek dirêj a lûleyî lixwe digirin. Ji <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AAn_mil_%C3%BB_dest" title="Hestiyên mil û dest">hestiyên mil û destê</a>, hestiyên bazû, kewere û zende, şeyên dest û tilî hestiyên dirêj in. Herwisa ji <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AAn_ling_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA" title="Hestiyên ling û pê">hestiyên ling û pêyê</a>; hestiyê ran, qamîşe, telezime, şêyên pê û pêçî jî mînak in ji bo hestiyê dirêj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_pehn"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_pehn"></span>Hestiyê pehn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê pehn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê pehn"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestiyên pehn (an jî pan) vê navê ji ber rûyên xwe yên pehn girtine. Hestiyên pehn ji bo girêdana masûlkeyan rûyek fire dabîn dikin û şaneyên nerm ên li bin xwe diparêzin. Hestiyên kiloxê yên li tasa serî, hestiyên bêrokê, <a href="/wiki/Pars%C3%BB" title="Parsû">parsû</a>, hestiyê <a href="/wiki/Qefesa_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Qefesa sîngê">qefesa sîngê</a> mînak in bo hestiyên pehn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_kurt"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_kurt"></span>Hestiyê kurt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê kurt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê kurt"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li hestiyê kurt, firehî û dirêjiya hestî hema wekhev e. Hestiyên meçeke yê dest û hestiyên bazinê pê mînak in ji bo hestiyê kurt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_kunciyî"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_kunciy.C3.AE"></span>Hestiyê kunciyî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê kunciyî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê kunciyî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestiyê kunciyî (bi îngilîzî: s<i>esamoid bones</i>) hestiyên hûrik û piçek glover in. Ji ber ko dişibin tovê kunciyê, vê navê girtine. Hestiyê kunciyî di nav <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jê (rûpel hê tune)">jêyan</a> de cih digire. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jê (rûpel hê tune)">Jê</a> ,masûlkeyan bi hestîyan ve girê didin. Li <a href="/wiki/Geh" title="Geh">gehan</a> pestoya li ser jêyan zêde ye, hestiyên kunciyê, jêyan ji hêza pestoyê diparêze<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hestiyê kulavê çokê mînak e ji bo hestiyê kunciyî. Hin caran hestiyên kunciyî wek hestiyê kurt jî tê polenkirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_bêserûber"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_b.C3.AAser.C3.BBber"></span>Hestiyê bêserûber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê bêserûber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê bêserûber"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestiyên bêserûber xwediyê şêweyêk diyarî nîn in bi gelemperî teşeyê wan aloz e û naşibin hestiyên din. Hestiyê <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">birrbirreyê</a>, hestiyên rûyê mirov mînak in ji bo hestiyên bêserûber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xaneyên_Hestî"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_Hest.C3.AE"></span>Xaneyên Hestî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên Hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên Hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çar cor xane di pêkhateya hestî de cih digire </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xaneyên_çêkerê_hestî_(Osteoblast)"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_.C3.A7.C3.AAker.C3.AA_hest.C3.AE_.28Osteoblast.29"></span>Xaneyên çêkerê hestî (Osteoblast)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên çêkerê hestî (Osteoblast)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên çêkerê hestî (Osteoblast)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestî ji aliyê xaneyên negehiştî yên bi navê osteoblast ve tê çêkirin. Wateya osteoblast “çekerê hestî” ye. Ango xaneyên osteoblast hestî çêdikin. Xaneyên çêkerê hestî li beşa geşê ya hestî de, li <a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Bergê hestî">bergê hestî</a> û li ser rûyê navî (<i>endosteum</i>) yê hestî de zêde ne. Xaneyên çêkerê hestî dabeş nabin. Çêbûna hestî wekî <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn" title="Hestîbûn">hestîbûn</a> (bi îngilîzî: <i>ossification</i>) tê navkirin. Di laşê mirov de hestîbûn bi gelemperî piştî qonaxa kirkirkê dest pê dike, lê hinek hestî jî bê ko qonaxa kirkirkî rû bide yekser wekî hestiyê req dirist dibin<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gava hestîbûn rû dide, xaneyên çêkerê hestî li gel derdana xwêyên kalsiyumê, rîşalên ji proteînên kolojen û elastîn jî berhem dike û der dide derdora xwe<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Di heman demê de xwêyên kalsîyumê jî li nav rîşal û proteînande kom dibe. Bi vî awayî derdora xaneyên çêkerê hestî req dibe û xane di nav kelênek (lacune) de asê dimîne. Ji vê gavê şûnve êdî ji bo xaneyên çêkerê hestî, erkê diristkirina hestî diqede û xaneyên çêkerê hestî jî diguherin û êdî wekî xaneyên hestî (ostecytes) tên navkirin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Biology.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xaneyên_hestî_(osteosît)"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_hest.C3.AE_.28osteos.C3.AEt.29"></span>Xaneyên hestî (osteosît)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên hestî (osteosît)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên hestî (osteosît)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xaneyên hestî (osteosît) xaneyên serekî yên hestiyê pêgehiştî ye<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Xaneyên hestî jî mîna xaneyên çêkerê hestî, xaneyên nedabeşdar in. Her çiqas xaneyên hestî di nav kelênê de ji hev cuda cih bigirin jî, ji her xaneyê niçikên <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEtoplazma" title="Sîtoplazma">sîtoplazma</a> û <a href="/wiki/Parz%C3%BBna_xaney%C3%AA" title="Parzûna xaneyê">parzûna xaneyê</a> ber bi xaneyên din ve dirêj dibe, di navbera xaneyên hestî de fersenda têkilîdayîn û alûgorkirina madeyan peyda dike<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ango navbera xaneyên hestî ji pêkhateyek req pêk tê, lê xaneyên hestî bi hev re di nav têkiliyê de ne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xaneyên_bineratî_yê_hestî"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_binerat.C3.AE_y.C3.AA_hest.C3.AE"></span>Xaneyên bineratî yê hestî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên bineratî yê hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên bineratî yê hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xaneyên bineratî yê hestî (bi îngilîzî: <i>osteogenic cells</i>) xaneyên cora sêyem in ko di pêkhateya hestî de cih digirin. Xaneyên bineratî xaneyên negihîştî û neguherbûyî ne. Di nav her çar cor xaneyên hestî de, tenê xaneyên bineratî dikarin dabeş bibin û hejmara xwe zêde bikin. Dema pêdivî pê hebe, xaneyên bineratî dabeş dibin û diguherin bo xaneyên çêkerê hestî (osteoblast). Xaneyên bineratî di çîna navî ya bergê hestî û di moxê hestî de cih digirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xaneyên_hilweşînerê_hestî"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_hilwe.C5.9F.C3.AEner.C3.AA_hest.C3.AE"></span>Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heke şikestin an jî derizîn di hestiyê mirov de rû bide, ji bo saxkirina hestiyê, xane û şaneyên nû tên çêkirin. Herwisa beşa hestiyê ziyangirtî an jî xaneyên mirî û nekêrhatî jî ji hestî tên dûrxistin. Ji bo hêlweşîna beşa hestiyê ziyangirtî, xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî (bi îngilîzî: <i>osteoclasts</i>) kar dikin. Xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî li ser rûyê hestî de cih digirin. Bi hilweşandina xaneyên hestî, kalsiyum jî serbest dimîne ji bo tevlêkirina nav xwînê. Ango ji alîkî ve xaneyên çêkerên hestî xaneyên nû çêdikin, ji aliyê din ve xaneyên hilweşînerê hestî xaneyên mirî û ziyangirtî hildiweşînin. Bi xebatên van herdu cor xaneyan, şêweyî hestî tê parastin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matrîksa_hestiyê"><span id="Matr.C3.AEksa_hestiy.C3.AA"></span>Matrîksa hestiyê</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Beşê biguhêre: Matrîksa hestiyê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Matrîksa hestiyê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beşa şaneya hestiyê ko di navbera xaneyên hestî de dimêne, wekî matrîks (bi îngilîz: <i>matrix</i>) tê navkirin. Matrîks ji pêkhateyên endamî (<i>organic</i>) û neendamî (<i>inorganic</i>) pêk tê. </p><p>Yek ji sisêyê giraniya hestî, ji madeyên endamî pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Xaneyên hestî û rîşalên kolojen beşa serekî ya endamî ya hestî pêk tînin. Rîşalên kolojen zexmî dide hestî, li hember darbeyên hawirdorê bê ko hestî bitewe an jî kin û dirêj bibe qaîşokiya hestîyê dabîn dike. Rîşalên kolojen di nav madeyek nîvreq de cih digirin, ev made wekî madeya binyat (bi îngilîzî: <i>ground substance</i>) tê navkirin. Madeya binyat jî madeyek endamî ye û hilawîstin û destekkirina rîşan dabîn dike. </p><p>Madeyên neendamî yên hestî, berpirsiyarin bo reqbûna hestî. Piraniya madeyên neendamî yên hestiyê ji xwêya kalsiyumê pêk tê. Bi taybetî kalsiyuma fosfat Ca <sub>3</sub> (PO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> û kalsiyuma hîdroksîd bi hevre li derdora rîşalên kolojen berhev dibin û navbera xaneyan de matrîksa req ava dikin. Herwisa li gel xwêyên kalsiyumê, dema <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn" title="Hestîbûn">hestîbûnê</a> de kalsiyuma karbonat û îyonên wekî sodyum, magnezyum, flor û sulfat jî li hestî tên tevlêkirin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bergê_Hestî"><span id="Berg.C3.AA_Hest.C3.AE"></span>Bergê Hestî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Beşê biguhêre: Bergê Hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Bergê Hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png/350px-Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png/525px-Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png/700px-Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Bergê hestî ji du çînan pêk tê.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bergê hestî</b> (bi îngilîzî: <i>periosteum</i>), perdeyek zexm a li ser rûyê hestiyan e. </p><p>Hestî bi perdeyek du çînî dapoşrav e. Navê vê perdeyê bergê hestî ye. Bergê hestî, perdeyek bi hêz e, di bergê hestî de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Lûleya xwînê">lûleyên xwînê</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstema lîmfê">lûleyên lîmfê</a> û <a href="/wiki/Demar" title="Demar">demar</a> hene<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.Bergê hestî, hestiyê ji hawirdorê diparêze, lûleyên xwînê û demaran bi hestî ve girê dide, ji bo başkirina hestiyê şikestî û ji bo stûrkirina hestiyê, xaneyên nû dabîn dike<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Çîna derve ya bergê hestî wekî çîna rîşalî (bi îngilîzî: <i>fibrous layer</i>) tê navkirin û ji <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">bestereşeneya</a> şidayî (bi îngilîzî: <i>dense connective tissue</i>), pêk tê. Çîna navî ya bergê hestî wekî çîna <a href="/wiki/Xane" title="Xane">xaneyî</a> (bi îngilîzî: <i>cellular layer</i>) tê navkirin û ji xaneyên çêkerê hestî pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Çîna derve rîşalên kolojen û rîşalên demar lixwe digire. Gava ziyan digihîje hestî, hestî diderize an jî dişikê, <a href="/wiki/Demarexane" title="Demarexane">demarexaneyên</a> hestê demareragihandin dişînin <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_mirov" title="Demaxê mirov">demaxê</a>. Bi vî awayî êşa hestî li mirov peyda dibe. Herwisa çîna derve gelek lûleyên xwînê jî lixwe digire. Lûleyên xwînê ji bergê hestî şax didin û belavê nav hestî dibin, bi vî awayê ji xaneyên hestî re xurek dabîn dikin<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p><p>Çîna navî ya bergê hestî ji xaneyên çêkerê hestî pêk tê. Xaneyên çêkerê hestî dabeş dibin û diguherin bo xaneyên hestî (bi îngilîzî: <i>osteocytes</i>). Li gel stûrbûna hestî, şikestin an jî derizên hestî jî ji aliyê van xaneyan ve tên başkirin<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Xaneyên bergê hestî dikarin dabeş bibin û çînên nû li hestî zêde bikin, loma bergê hestî, tîreya hestî zêde dike, hestî stûr dibe<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jê (rûpel hê tune)">Jê</a> (bi îngilîzî: <i>tendon</i>) û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bester (rûpel hê tune)">bester</a> (bi îngilîzî: <i>ligament</i>) bi navbeynkariya bergê hestî, bi hestiyan ve tên girêdan. Ji xeynî beşa hestiyê ya ko bi hestiyek din ve <a href="/wiki/Geh" title="Geh">geh</a> ava dike, hemû rûyê hestî bi bergê hestî dapoşrav e<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pêkhateya_Hestî"><span id="P.C3.AAkhateya_Hest.C3.AE"></span>Pêkhateya Hestî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pêkhateya Hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Pêkhateya Hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Bone_cross-section_ku.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bone_cross-section_ku.svg/390px-Bone_cross-section_ku.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bone_cross-section_ku.svg/585px-Bone_cross-section_ku.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bone_cross-section_ku.svg/780px-Bone_cross-section_ku.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Hestî ji du şaneyên sereke pêk tê, şaneya hestiyê pitew û şaneya hestiyê îsfencî.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_Pitew"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_Pitew"></span>Hestiyê Pitew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê Pitew" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê Pitew"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AA_pitew" title="Hestiyê pitew">Hestiyê pitew</a></b> (bi îngilîzî: <i>compact bone</i>) yek ji du corê <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">şaneya</a> hestî ye. </p><p>Hestî ji du şaneyên sereke pêk te, şaneya hestiyê pitew û şaneya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hestiyê îsfencî (rûpel hê tune)">hestiyê îsfencî</a><sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.Rûyê derveyî hestiyan bi çînek req dapoşrav e, ev çîna hestî wekî hestiyê pitew tê navkirin. Hestiyê pitew şaneyek çirr, req û lûs e. Doxa hestiyên dirêj ji şaneya hestiyê pitew pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Biology.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kelêna nav doxa hestî, <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">moxê hestî</a> lixwe digire<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Hestiyê pitew di bin <a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Bergê hestî">bergê hestî</a> de cih digire, hestiyê diparêze û zexmtiyê dide hestiyê<sup id="cite_ref-Modern_Biology_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modern_Biology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. % 80yê giraniya hestiyê laş ji hestiyê pitew pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Şaneya hestiyê pitew ji çînên bazinî yên tenik pêk tê. Çînên bazini wekî perik tên navkirin. Perik (bi îngilîzî: <i>lamellae</i>) li derdora cogên navendî de bi awayekî yeknavendî rêz dibin. Coga navendî û koma perikên dora wê, bi hev re wekî lûle an jî sîstema havers (bi îngilîzî: <i>osteon, Haversian system</i>) tê navkirin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Biology.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lûle di hestî de bi awayekî paralelê hev û paralelê doxa hestî dirêj dibin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beşên_sîstema_Haversê"><span id="Be.C5.9F.C3.AAn_s.C3.AEstema_Havers.C3.AA"></span>Beşên sîstema Haversê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Beşê biguhêre: Beşên sîstema Haversê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Beşên sîstema Haversê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di hestiyê pitew de sîstema Havers (lûle) ji coga Havers, perikên yeknavendî, xaneyên hestî û cogikan pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Coga_Havers">Coga Havers</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Beşê biguhêre: Coga Havers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Coga Havers"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg/500px-Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg/750px-Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bone_unit_-_Osteon_--_Smart-Servier_ku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Lûle di hestiyê pitew de bi awayekî paralelê hev û paralelelê doxa hestî dirêj dibin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Di navenda sîstema Havers de cogek lûleyî dirêj dibe, ev cog wekî coga Havers an jî coga navendî (bi îngilîzî: <i>Haversian canal or Central canal</i>) tê navkirin. Di nav coga Havers de, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Lûleya xwînê">lûleyên xwînê</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstema lîmfê">lûleyên lîmfê</a> û <a href="/wiki/Demar" title="Demar">demar</a> hene<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bi navbeynkariya lûleyên xwînê, xurek û oksîjen ji bo <a href="/wiki/Xane" title="Xane">xaneyên</a> hestî tê dabînkirin<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Perikên_yeknavendî"><span id="Perik.C3.AAn_yeknavend.C3.AE"></span>Perikên yeknavendî</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Beşê biguhêre: Perikên yeknavendî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Perikên yeknavendî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perikên yeknavendî (bi îngilîzî: <i>concentric lamellae</i>), xelekên <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">bestereşaneya</a> hestiyê ne. Perik li derdora coga Havers de bi şêweyek yeknavendî cih digirin. Hejmara perikên yeknavendî li hemû lûleyan de ne yek e. Perik rîşalên kolojen lixwe digirin. Rîşalên kolojen ên perikên cînar, di heman alî de dirêj nabin. Wekî mînak, heke rîşalên kolojen ên perikek ber bi çepê jor ve dirêjî be, rîşalên perika cînar ber bi rastê jor ve dirêj dibe. Rêzbûn û dirêjbûna rîşalan a bi şeweyî dijalî, zexmtiya hestiyê zêdetir dike<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Xaneyên hestî (bi îngilîzî: <i>osteocytes</i>) di nav kelênan (<i>lacunae</i>) de, di navbera perikên cînar de cih digirin. Perik li gel rîşalên kolojen, xweyên kalsiyum û fosfor jî lixwe digire, reqbûna hestî ji ber kombûna xwêyan a li navbera rîşalan e<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cogik">Cogik</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Beşê biguhêre: Cogik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Cogik"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li şaneya hestiyê pitew de her kelênek bi navbeynkariya cogên gelek biçûk bi kelênên din ve girêdan ava dike, ji van cogên hûrik re tê gotin cogik (bi îngilîzî: <i>canaliculi</i>). Xaneyên hestî yên di nav kelênan, niçikên <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEtoplazma" title="Sîtoplazma">sîtoplazmaya</a> xwe di cogikan de dirêjê xaneyên din dikin, bi vî awayî di navbera xaneyan de ragihandin çêdibe<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Herwisa di navbera coga Havers û xaneyên hestî de alûgorkirina xurek, gaz, mîneral û madeyên paşmayî jî bi rêya cogikan rû dide. Ango cogik him xaneyên hestî bi hev re girê didin, him jî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaney%C3%AAn_hest%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaneyên hestî (rûpel hê tune)">xaneyên hestî</a> bi coga Havers ve girê didin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hestiyê_Îsfencî"><span id="Hestiy.C3.AA_.C3.8Esfenc.C3.AE"></span>Hestiyê Îsfencî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hestiyê Îsfencî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Hestiyê Îsfencî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hestiyê îsfencî (bi îngilîzî: spongy bone /cancellous bone/ trabecular bone) . Hestî ji aliyê derve bi şaneya hestiyê pitew dapoşrav e, rûyê navî yê hestiyê bi şaneya hestiyê îsfencî rûpoş e. Cudahiya sereke ya hestiyê îsfencî ji hestiyê pitew ev e ko, hestiyê îsfencî lûle (sîstema havers) lixwe nagire<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Li dewsa lûleyan, hestiyê îsfencî ji kêranan (bi latînî: <i>trabeculae</i>) pêk tê. Hestiyê îsfencî bi <a href="/wiki/%C3%87av%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çavê mirov">çavê</a> tazî wekî mîna şaneya <a href="/wiki/Hingiv" title="Hingiv">hingiv</a> çavçavî xuya dibe<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png/220px-Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png/330px-Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png/440px-Hestiy%C3%AA_%C3%AEsfenc%C3%AE_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Her çiqas şaneya hestiyê îsfencî wekî pêkhateyek nerm û bêhêz xuya dibe jî, lê bi eslê xwe hestiyê îsfencî pêkhateyek zexm û mukim e.</figcaption></figure> <p>Her wekî hestiyê pitew, hestiyê îsfencî jî di nav kelênan de xaneyên hestî lixwe digire, lê xaneyên hestiyê îsfencî bi awayekî xelekên yeknavendî rezbûyî nîn in<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Xane di kelênên nav kêranan de cih digirin. Kêran perikên bi şêweyî pelikên paralelê hev in<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tora kêranan wekî mîna îsfenc xuya dibin. Bi vê pêkhateyê hestî xwe ji pestanên hawirdor û kêşa giraniya laş diparêze, herwîsa kêşa hestî jî kêm dike loma hestî zexm lê hinek sivik dimînin. Valahiyên di navbera kêranan bi moxê sor û lûleleyên xwînê tîjî ne<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA._11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Her çiqas şaneya hestiyê îsfencî wekî pêkhateyek nerm û bêhêz xuya dibe jî, lê bi eslê xwe hestiyê îsfencî pêkhateyek zexm û mukim e<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Biology.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Di navbera kêranan de moxê sor ê hestî cih digire<sup id="cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGraw-Hill-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Moxê sor xaneyên bineratî yê <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">xaneyên xwînê</a> lixwe digire. Hemû xaneyên xwînê ji aliyê moxê sor ve tên berhemkirin<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. %20ê hestiyên laşê mirov ji hestiyê îsfencî pêk tê<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA._11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moxê_hestî"><span id="Mox.C3.AA_hest.C3.AE"></span>Moxê hestî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Beşê biguhêre: Moxê hestî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Moxê hestî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a></b> an jî <b>mejiyê hestî</b> (bi înglîzî <i>bone marrow</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">şaneyeke</a> nerm e û dişibe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jelat%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jelatîn (rûpel hê tune)">jelatînê</a>. Ev şane xaneyên xwînê û xaneyên lîmfê berhem dike<sup id="cite_ref-Villee_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villee-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, loma têkiliya wî bi <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstema lîmfê">sîstema lîmfê</a> û <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_gera_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Sîstema gera xwînê">sîstema gera xwînê</a> ve heye<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA..-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hestiyên pehn ên wekî hestiyên kilox, hestiyên hewzê û hestiyê singê, moxê hestî lixwe digirin. Her wiha hestiyên birrbirre û hestiyên dirêj ên wekî hestiyên ran, hestiyên parsû û hestiyên bazû (humerus) jî moxê hestî lixwe digirin<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA..-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg/250px-619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg/375px-619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/619_Red_and_Yellow_Bone_Marrow_ku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Li nav hestiyên mirov de du cureyî moxê hestî heye, moxê sor û moxê zer. Di nav hestiyên zarok û yên mirovên têgihîştî de cihên moxê sor ê hestî ne yek e. Di laşê zarokan de moxê sor di nav hestiyê îsfencî û di kelêna moxê piraniya hestiyan de cih digire. Ji dayikbûnê heta temenê heft salî, li nav hestiyên zarokan de tenê moxê sor berhem dibe. Her ko zarok mezin dibe, moxê sor ê di kelêna moxê de hildiweşe û diguhere bo şaneya çewrî ya bi navê moxê zer. Ango piştî temenê heft salî, li hin beşên hestiyan de dewsa moxê sor, moxê zer cih dibe<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA..-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ji ber vê yeke, di laşê mirovê têgihîştî de moxê sor tenê li hin beşên <a href="/wiki/Tewerepeyker" title="Tewerepeyker">tewerepeykere</a> de heye. Wekî mînak, hestiyê kiloxê, hestiyên <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">birrbirreyê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pars%C3%BB" title="Parsû">parsû</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AA_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Hestiyê sîngê">hestiyê sîngê</a> û <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_hewz%C3%AA" title="Piştêna hewzê">hestiyê qorikê</a> moxê sor ê hestî lixwe digirin. Herwisa hestiyê ran û hestiyê bazû jî moxê sor lixwe digirin<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Moxê zer ê hestiyan gelek <a href="/wiki/Xane" title="Xane">xaneyên</a> çewrî lixwe digire<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Di demên asayî de moxê zer wekî embara çewrî kar dike. Heke di laş de ji ber xwînçûna zêde, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AAmxw%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Kêmxwînî">kêmxwînî</a> peyda bibe, dibe ku moxê zer biguhere û bibe moxê sor û <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">xaneyên xwînê</a> çêbike<sup id="cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA..-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hemû cureyên xaneyên xwînê ji aliyê moxê sor ê hestiyan ve tê berhemkirin<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Di moxê sor de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaneya_binerat%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaneya bineratî (rûpel hê tune)">xaneyên bineratî</a> (stem cells) heye, bi dabeşbûn û guherîna van xaneyan, xaneyên xwînê û yên lîmfê tên çêkirin<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hest%C3%AE&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_1-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ireland, K. A. (2010). Visualizing Human Biology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Human_anatomy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_anatomy_2-11">l</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">McKinley, M., & O'Loughlin, V. (2011). Human Anatomy (3rd ed.). 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Houston, Texas: OpenStax College, Rice University,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Human_Biology.-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_Biology._4-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Starr, C., & McMillan, B. (2010). Human Biology (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Human_biology15ed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mader, S., & Windelspecht, M. (2017). Human Biology (15th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/periosteum">ANCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Periosteum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_7-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Waugh, A., Grant, A., Chambers, G., Ross, J., & Wilson, K. (2014).Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness (12th ed.). Edinburg: Elsevier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VILLEE-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VILLEE_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VILLEE_8-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VILLEE_8-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Solomon, E., Martin, C., Martin, D., & Berg, L. (2015).Biology. Stamford: Cengage Learning.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Rye, C., Wise, R., Jurukovski, V., Desaix, J., Choi, J., & Avissar, Y. (2017).Biology. 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Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/9780131273849" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-13-127384-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villee-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Villee_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Villee, Claude Alvin, et al.( 1989) Biology. 2nd ed., Saunders College Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/0030234174" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-023417-4</a> p951,p985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA..-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANCYCLOPÆDIA_BRITANNICA.._15-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/bone-marrow">ANCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Bone marrow</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1138413">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Anatomiya_Ajalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şablon:Anatomiya Ajalan (rûpel hê tune)"><abbr title="Vê şablonê nîşan bide" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">n</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-gotûbêj"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAja_%C5%9Fablon%C3%AA:Anatomiya_Ajalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotûbêja şablonê:Anatomiya Ajalan (rûpel hê tune)"><abbr title="Vê şablonê gotûbêj bike" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-çêke"><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Anatomiya_Ajalan&action=edit"><abbr title="Vê şablonê biguhêre" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Koendamên_ajalan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Koendamên ajalan</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_henasey%C3%AA" title="Koendama henaseyê">Koendama henaseyê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pişik">Pişik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Difin" title="Difin">Difin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qirrik" title="Qirrik">Qirrik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEhewa" title="Borrîhewa">Borrîhewa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sikildanok%C3%AA_heway%C3%AA" title="Sikildanokê hewayê">Sikildanokê hewayê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_henasey%C3%AA" title="Coga henaseyê">Coga henaseyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Navpen%C3%A7ik" title="Navpençik">Navpençik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mekan%C3%AEzmaya_henasedan%C3%AA" title="Mekanîzmaya henasedanê">Mekanîzmaya henasedanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BBgorkirina_gaz%C3%AAn_henasedan%C3%AA" title="Alûgorkirina gazên henasedanê">Alûgorkirina gazên henasedanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guhaztina_karbona_d%C3%AEoks%C3%AEd%C3%AA_di_nav_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA_de" title="Guhaztina karbona dîoksîdê di nav xwînê de">Guhaztina karbona dîoksîdê di nav xwînê de</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guhaztina_oks%C3%AEjen%C3%AA_di_nav_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA_de" title="Guhaztina oksîjenê di nav xwînê de">Guhaztina oksîjenê di nav xwînê de</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hemoglob%C3%AEn" title="Hemoglobîn">Hemoglobîn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Koendama mîzê">Koendama mîzê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%A7ik" title="Gurçik">Gurçik</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzdank" title="Mîzdank">Mîzdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEz" title="Mîz">Mîz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEm%C3%AEz" title="Borrîmîz">Borrîmîz</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA" title="Mîzerê">Mîzerê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nefron" title="Nefron">Nefron</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glomerul" title="Glomerul">Glomerul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Badoka_Henle" title="Badoka Henle">Badoka Henle</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Tenolkey%C3%AA_gur%C3%A7ik%C3%AA" title="Tenolkeyê gurçikê">Tenolkeyê gurçikê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qeps%C3%BBla_Bowman" title="Qepsûla Bowman">Qepsûla Bowman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_dijem%C3%AEztin" title="Hormona dijemîztin">Hormona dijemîztin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_aldosteron" title="Hormona aldosteron">Hormona aldosteron</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_demar%C3%AA" title="Koendama demarê">Koendama demarê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mej%C3%AE" title="Mejî">Mejî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_mirov" title="Demaxê mirov">Demaxê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mej%C3%AEk" title="Mejîk">Mejîk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_navber%C3%AA" title="Demaxê navberê">Demaxê navberê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qed%C3%AA_demax" title="Qedê demax">Qedê demax</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dirkepetik" title="Dirkepetik">Dirkepetik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarekoendama_navend%C3%AE" title="Demarekoendama navendî">Demarekoendama navendî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarekoendama_%C3%A7%C3%AAwe" title="Demarekoendama çêwe">Demarekoendama çêwe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarexane" title="Demarexane">Demarexane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demare%C5%9Fane" title="Demareşane">Demareşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaney%C3%AAn_gl%C3%AEa" title="Xaneyên glîa">Xaneyên glîa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tewere" title="Tewere">Tewere</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dendr%C3%AEt" title="Dendrît">Dendrît</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demar" title="Demar">Demar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geh%C3%AEnke" title="Gehînke">Gehînke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geh%C3%AEnkeya_k%C3%AEmyay%C3%AE" title="Gehînkeya kîmyayî">Gehînkeya kîmyayî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Refleks" title="Refleks">refleks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama bergiriyê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Spil" class="mw-redirect" title="Spil">Spil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aloq" title="Aloq">Aloq</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEmfegir%C3%AA" title="Lîmfegirê">Lîmfegirê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_T" title="Xaneya T">Xaneya T</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_B" title="Xaneya B">Xaneya B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_gi%C5%9Ft%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya giştî">Bergiriya giştî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_destket%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya destketî">Bergiriya destketî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dijeten" title="Dijeten">Dijeten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_sist" title="Bergiriya sist">Bergiriya sist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_xaney%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya xaneyî">Bergiriya xaneyî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_derdan%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya derdanî">Bergiriya derdanî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutan">Kutan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dijepeydaker" title="Dijepeydaker">Dijepeydaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Plazmaya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Plazmaya xwînê">Plazmaya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEmfexane" title="Lîmfexane">Lîmfexane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sp%C3%AE" title="Xiroka spî">Xiroka spî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AEmus" title="Tîmus">Tîmus</a> / <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAtrof%C3%AEl" title="Nêtrofîl">Nêtrofîl</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" title="Mûlûleya lîmfê">Mûlûleya lîmfê</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eileya_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" title="Şileya lîmfê">Şileya lîmfê</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_heris%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Koendama herisê">Koendama herisê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zotika_mirov" title="Zotika mirov">Zotik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_heris%C3%AA" title="Coga herisê">Coga herisê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korta_dev%C3%AE" title="Korta devî">Dev</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pankreas" title="Pankreas">Pankreas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_k%C3%AEmyay%C3%AE" title="Herisa kîmyayî">Herisa kîmyayî</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_zirav" title="Rûviya zirav">Rûviya zirav</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soricik" title="Soricik">soricik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gede" title="Gede">Gede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziman_(endam)" title="Ziman (endam)">Ziman (endam)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diran%C3%AA_mirov" title="Diranê mirov">Diranê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_kor" title="Rûviya kor">Rûviya kor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gewriya_mirov" title="Gewriya mirov">Gewriya mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_st%C3%BBr" title="Rûviya stûr">Rûviya stûr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb">Kezeb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zeravdank" title="Zeravdank">Zeravdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_karboh%C3%AEdradan" title="Herisa karbohîdradan">Herisa karbohîdradan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_prote%C3%AEnan" title="Herisa proteînan">Herisa proteînan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_%C3%A7ewriyan" title="Herisa çewriyan">Herisa çewriyan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mij%C3%AEna_xurekan" title="Mijîna xurekan">Mijîna xurekan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama zaûzê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_n%C3%AAr%C3%AA" title="Koendama zaûzê ya nêrê">Koendama zaûzê ya nêrê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">Sperm</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_guh%C3%AAzer" title="Lûleya guhêzer">Lûleya guhêzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ikildan%C3%AAn_tovav%C3%AA" title="Çikildanên tovavê">Çikildanên tovavê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Prostat" title="Prostat">Prostat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rij%C3%AAn%C3%AA_Cowper" title="Rijênê Cowper">Rijênê Cowper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a> / <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AEt%C3%AEn" title="Pîtîn">Pîtîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aloze" title="Aloze">Aloze</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tovav" title="Tovav">Tovav</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%BBk%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çûkê mirov">Çûkê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">Testosteron</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_hander%C3%AA_%C3%A7ikildan%C3%AA" title="Hormona handerê çikildanê">Hormona handerê çikildanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_hander%C3%AA_ten%C3%AA_zer" title="Hormona handerê tenê zer">Hormona handerê tenê zer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_m%C3%AAy%C3%AA" title="Koendama zaûzê ya mêyê">Koendama zaûzê ya mêyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Endam%C3%AAn_derve_y%C3%AAn_koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_m%C3%AAy%C3%AA" title="Endamên derve yên koendama zaûzê ya mêyê">Endamên derve yên koendama zaûzê ya mêyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%AA" title="Zê">Zê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malzarok" title="Malzarok">Malzarok</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_h%C3%AAk%C3%AA" title="Coga hêkê">Coga hêkê</a> / <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAkdank" title="Hêkdank">Hêkdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_h%C3%AAk%C3%AA" title="Xaneya hêkê">Xaneya hêkê</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erxa_mehane" title="Çerxa mehane">Çerxa mehane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Procesteron" title="Procesteron">Procesteron</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Astrocen" title="Êstrocen">Êstrocen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Miyoz" title="Miyoz">Miyoz</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama poşerê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87erm%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çermê mirov">Çermê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEnok" title="Nînok">Nînok</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%AEderm%C3%AEs" title="Epîdermîs">Epîdermîs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Por_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Por (anatomî)">Por (anatomî)</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBke%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fane" title="Rûkeşeşane">Rûkeşeşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Derm%C3%AEs" title="Dermîs">Dermîs</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama hestê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87av%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çavê mirov">Çavê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Poz%C3%AA_mirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozê mirov">Pozê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh" title="Guh">Guh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziman_(endam)" title="Ziman (endam)">Ziman (endam)</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AAjegopke" title="Çêjegopke">Çêjegopke</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erm%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çermê mirov">Çermê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestewergir" title="Hestewergir">Hestewergir</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_derve" title="Guhê derve">Guhê derve</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_naverast" title="Guhê naverast">Guhê naverast</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_nav%C3%AE" title="Guhê navî">Guhê navî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bih%C3%AEstin" title="Bihîstin">Bihîstin</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AAjtin" title="Çêjtin">Çêjtin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hevseng%C3%AE" title="Hevsengî">Hevsengî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reng%C3%AEne" title="Rengîne">Rengîne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korniye" title="Korniye">Korniye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haw%C3%AAneya_%C3%A7av" title="Hawêneya çav">Hawêneya çav</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tore" title="Tore">Tore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reqe_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Reqe (anatomî)">Reqe (anatomî)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_%C3%A7%C3%AElkey%C3%AE" title="Xaneya çîlkeyî">Xaneya çîlkeyî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_qo%C3%A7ek%C3%AE" title="Xaneya qoçekî">Xaneya qoçekî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AA_b%C3%AAhnkirin%C3%AA" title="Hestê bêhnkirinê">Hestê bêhnkirinê</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama dilelûleyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dil%C3%AA_mirov" title="Dilê mirov">Dilê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnber" title="Xwînber">Xwînber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnh%C3%AAner" title="Xwînhêner">Xwînhêner</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Lûleya xwînê">Lûleya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Mûlûleya xwînê">Mûlûleya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sor" title="Xiroka sor">Xiroka sor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">Xwîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sp%C3%AE" title="Xiroka spî">Xiroka spî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Perik%C3%AAn_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Perikên xwînê">Perikên xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilemas%C3%BBlke" title="Dilemasûlke">Dilemasûlke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Plazmaya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Plazmaya xwînê">plazmaya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnguhaztin" title="Xwînguhaztin">Xwînguhaztin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hemoglob%C3%AEn" title="Hemoglobîn">Hemoglobîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama Peykerê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hestiyepeyker%C3%AA_mirov" title="Hestiyepeykerê mirov">Hestiyepeykerê mirov</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AAn_ling_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA" title="Hestiyên ling û pê">Hestiyên ling û pê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pars%C3%BB" title="Parsû">Parsû</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qefesa_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Qefesa sîngê">Qefesa sîngê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_hewz%C3%AA" title="Piştêna hewzê">Piştêna hewzê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_parat%C3%AEro%C3%AEd" title="Hormona paratîroîd">Hormona paratîroîd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn" title="Hestîbûn">Hestîbûn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Bergê 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">Şane</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">Bestereşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demare%C5%9Fane" title="Demareşane">Demareşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBke%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fane" title="Rûkeşeşane">Rûkeşeşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBlke%C5%9Fane" title="Masûlkeşane">Masûlkeşane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1138413"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1122230"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="padding:3px"><table 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525056">Spanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935812w">Fransa</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935812w">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128031-3">Almanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283105705171">Îsraêl</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85015539">DYA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563399">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr 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