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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Esther 8:13 A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/esther/8-13.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/17/17_Est_08_13.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Esther 8:13 - The Decree of Xerxes" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the 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class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/esther/8.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/esther/8.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/esther/8.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />A copy of this decree was to be issued as law in every province and proclaimed to all peoples, so that the Jews would be ready to take revenge on their enemies on the appointed day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/esther/8.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />A copy of what was written was to be issued as a decree in every province, being publicly displayed to all peoples, and the Jews were to be ready on that day to take vengeance on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/esther/8.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/esther/8.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province <i>was</i> published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/esther/8.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />A copy of the document was to be issued as a decree in every province and published for all people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/esther/8.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the edict to be issued as law in each and every province was published to all the peoples, so that the Jews would be ready for this day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/esther/8.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />A copy of the edict to be issued as law in each and every province was published to all the peoples, so that the Jews would be ready for this day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/esther/8.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />A copy of the edict to be issued as law in each and every province, was published to all the peoples, so that the Jews should be ready for this day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/esther/8.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />A copy of that which was written down to be given as law in each and every province was revealed to all the peoples, so that the Jews would be ready for this day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/esther/8.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the edict was to be issued as a law in every province and as a proclamation to all peoples, so that the Jews would be ready on that day, to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/esther/8.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the text, issued as law throughout every province, was distributed to all the peoples so the Jews could be ready to avenge themselves against their enemies on that day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/esther/8.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the text, issued as law throughout every province, was distributed to all the peoples so the Jews could be ready to avenge themselves against their enemies on that day. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/esther/8.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />A copy of the writing, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/esther/8.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />A copy of the writing, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/esther/8.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />The copy of the document was made public in a decree to every province for all people. On that day the Jews were to be ready to take revenge on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/esther/8.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />It was to be proclaimed as law and made known to everyone in every province, so that the Jews would be ready to take revenge on their enemies when that day came. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/esther/8.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />A copy of the document was to be issued as law in each and every province and published for all people, indicating that the Jewish people were to be ready to take vengeance on their enemies on that day. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/esther/8.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/esther/8.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the edict was to be presented as law throughout each and every province and made known to all peoples, so that the Jews might be prepared on that day to avenge themselves from their enemies. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/esther/8.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the letter, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published to all the peoples, that the Jews should be ready for that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/esther/8.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />The copy of the writing for a commandment, to be given in every province was published to all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/esther/8.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the letter, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published to all the peoples, that the Jews should be ready for that day to avenge themselves on their enemies. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/esther/8.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />a copy of the writing to be made law in each and every province is revealed to all the peoples, and for the Jews being ready at this day to be avenged of their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/esther/8.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> a copy of the writing to be made law in every province and province is revealed to all the peoples, and for the Jews being ready at this day to be avenged of their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/esther/8.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />The copy of the writing to be given an edict in every province and province, revealed to all the peoples, and for the Jews to be ready for this day to avenge themselves of their enemies.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/esther/8.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And this was the content of the letter, that it should be notified in all lands and peoples that were subject to the empire of king Assuerus, that the Jews were ready to be revenged of their enemies. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/esther/8.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br /><V 13:25>And such was the content of the letter, so that it would be made known in all lands and nations, which are subject to the authority of king Artaxerxes, that the Jews have been made ready to be vindicated of their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/esther/8.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />A copy of the letter to be promulgated as law in each and every province was published among all the peoples, so that the Jews might be prepared on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/esther/8.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />A copy of the writ was to be issued as a decree in every province and published to all peoples, and the Jews were to be ready on that day to take revenge on their enemies.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/esther/8.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />The copy of the writing was is sued in every province and it was decreed to all peoples that the Jews should be ready on that day to avenge themselves upon their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/esther/8.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And a copy of the writing was given to every town and he commanded all the peoples that the Jews would be prepared for this day to avenge themselves of their enemies.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/esther/8.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />The copy of the writing, to be given out for a decree in every province, was to be published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/esther/8.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And let the copies be posted in conspicuous places throughout the kingdom, and let all the Jews be ready against this day, to fight against their enemies.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/esther/8-13.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TRosJDhNG-8?start=1651" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/esther/8.htm">The Decree of Xerxes</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">12</span>The single day appointed throughout all the provinces of King Xerxes was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar. <span class="reftext">13</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/6572.htm" title="6572: paṯ·še·ḡen (N-msc) -- A copy. Or pathshegen; of foreign origin; a transcript.">A copy</a> <a href="/hebrew/3791.htm" title="3791: hak·kə·ṯāḇ (Art:: N-ms) -- A writing. From kathab; something written, i.e. A writing, record or book.">of the text</a> <a href="/hebrew/1881.htm" title="1881: dāṯ (N-fs) -- Decree, law. Of uncertain derivation: a royal edict or statute.">of the edict</a> <a href="/hebrew/5414.htm" title="5414: lə·hin·nā·ṯên (Prep-l:: V-Nifal-Inf) -- To give, put, set. A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application.">was to be issued</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: bə·ḵāl (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">in every</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: mə·ḏî·nāh (N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region.">province</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: ū·mə·ḏî·nāh (Conj-w:: N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1540.htm" title="1540: gā·lui (V-Qal-QalPassPrtcpl-ms) -- To uncover, remove. A primitive root; to denude; by implication, to exile; figuratively, to reveal.">and published</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: lə·ḵāl (Prep-l:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">to all</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: hā·‘am·mîm (Art:: N-mp) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">the people,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3064.htm" title="3064: hay·yə·hū·ḏī·yīm (Art:: N-proper-mp) -- Jewish. Patronymically from Yhuwdah; a Jehudite, or descendant of Jehudah.">so that the Jews</a> <a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: wə·lih·yō·wṯ (Conj-w, Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass.">would be</a> <a href="/hebrew/6259.htm" title="6259: ʿă·ṯū·ḏīm (Adj-mp) -- Prepared. Passive participle of athad; prepared.">ready</a> <a href="/hebrew/2088.htm" title="2088: haz·zeh (Art:: Pro-ms) -- This, here. A primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that.">on that</a> <a href="/hebrew/3117.htm" title="3117: lay·yō·wm (Prep-l, Art:: N-ms) -- Day. From an unused root meaning to be hot; a day, whether literal, or figurative.">day</a> <a href="/hebrew/5358.htm" title="5358: lə·hin·nā·qêm (Prep-l:: V-Nifal-Inf) -- To avenge, take vengeance. A primitive root; to grudge, i.e. Avenge or punish.">to avenge themselves</a> <a href="/hebrew/341.htm" title="341: mê·’ō·yə·ḇê·hem (Prep-m:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mpc:: 3mp) -- Hating, an adversary. Or owyeb; active participle of 'ayab; hating; an adversary.">on their enemies.</a> </span><span class="reftext">14</span>The couriers rode out in haste on their royal horses, pressed on by the command of the king. And the edict was also issued in the citadel of Susa.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Esther 3:13</a></span><br />And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/esther/9-1.htm">Esther 9:1-2</a></span><br />On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, the king’s command and edict were to be executed. On this day the enemies of the Jews had hoped to overpower them, but their plan was overturned and the Jews overpowered those who hated them. / In each of the provinces of King Xerxes, the Jews assembled in their cities to attack those who sought to harm them. No man could withstand them, because the fear of them had fallen upon all peoples.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/6-8.htm">Daniel 6:8-9</a></span><br />Therefore, O king, establish the decree and sign the document so that it cannot be changed—in accordance with the law of the Medes and Persians, which cannot be repealed.” / Therefore King Darius signed the written decree.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/6-15.htm">Daniel 6:15</a></span><br />Then the men approached the king together and said to him, “Remember, O king, that by the law of the Medes and Persians no decree or ordinance established by the king can be changed.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezra/7-14.htm">Ezra 7:14</a></span><br />You are sent by the king and his seven counselors to evaluate Judah and Jerusalem according to the Law of your God, which is in your hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/2-8.htm">Nehemiah 2:8</a></span><br />And may I have a letter to Asaph, keeper of the king’s forest, so that he will give me timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel to the temple, for the city wall, and for the house I will occupy.” And because the gracious hand of my God was upon me, the king granted my requests.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/30-1.htm">2 Chronicles 30:1</a></span><br />Then Hezekiah sent word throughout all Israel and Judah, and he also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh inviting them to come to the house of the LORD in Jerusalem to keep the Passover of the LORD, the God of Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/30-6.htm">2 Chronicles 30:6</a></span><br />At the command of the king, the couriers went throughout Israel and Judah with letters from the king and his officials, which read: “Children of Israel, return to the LORD, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, so that He may return to those of you who remain, who have escaped the grasp of the kings of Assyria.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">2 Kings 10:1</a></span><br />Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the officials of Jezreel, to the elders, and to the guardians of the sons of Ahab, saying:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/10-6.htm">2 Kings 10:6</a></span><br />Then Jehu wrote them a second letter and said: “If you are on my side, and if you will obey me, then bring the heads of your master’s sons to me at Jezreel by this time tomorrow.” Now the sons of the king, seventy in all, were being brought up by the leading men of the city.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/23-23.htm">Acts 23:23-24</a></span><br />Then he called two of his centurions and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea in the third hour of the night. / Provide mounts for Paul to take him safely to Governor Felix.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/15-23.htm">Acts 15:23-29</a></span><br />and sent them with this letter: The apostles and the elders, your brothers, To the brothers among the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings. / It has come to our attention that some went out from us without our authorization and unsettled you, troubling your minds by what they said. / So we all agreed to choose men to send to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/9-1.htm">Acts 9:1-2</a></span><br />Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the disciples of the Lord. He approached the high priest / and requested letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any men or women belonging to the Way, he could bring them as prisoners to Jerusalem.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/8-1.htm">Acts 8:1-4</a></span><br />And Saul was there, giving approval to Stephen’s death. On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. / God-fearing men buried Stephen and mourned deeply over him. / But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off men and women and put them in prison. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/4-17.htm">Acts 4:17-18</a></span><br />But to keep this message from spreading any further among the people, we must warn them not to speak to anyone in this name.” / Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published to all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.</p><p class="hdg">published.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/judges/16-28.htm">Judges 16:28</a></b></br> And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/37-14.htm">Psalm 37:14,15</a></b></br> The wicked have drawn out the sword, and have bent their bow, to cast down the poor and needy, <i>and</i> to slay such as be of upright conversation… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/68-23.htm">Psalm 68:23</a></b></br> That thy foot may be dipped in the blood of <i>thine</i> enemies, <i>and</i> the tongue of thy dogs in the same.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/2_chronicles/24-22.htm">Avenge</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-48.htm">Avenged</a> <a href="/esther/4-10.htm">Commandment</a> <a href="/esther/4-8.htm">Copy</a> <a href="/esther/8-8.htm">Decree</a> <a href="/esther/8-12.htm">Division</a> <a href="/esther/8-8.htm">Edict</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-28.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/7-20.htm">Given</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-27.htm">Haters</a> <a href="/esther/3-15.htm">Issued</a> <a href="/esther/8-12.htm">Jews</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Letter</a> <a href="/esther/6-4.htm">Order</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Peoples</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Proclamation</a> <a href="/esther/8-11.htm">Province</a> <a href="/esther/4-6.htm">Public</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Published</a> <a href="/ezra/7-26.htm">Punishment</a> <a href="/esther/6-14.htm">Ready</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Revealed</a> <a href="/esther/4-8.htm">Text</a> <a href="/esther/8-11.htm">Themselves</a> <a href="/esther/8-10.htm">Writing</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/psalms/79-10.htm">Avenge</a> <a href="/psalms/18-47.htm">Avenged</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Commandment</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-11.htm">Copy</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Decree</a> <a href="/esther/9-20.htm">Division</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Edict</a> <a href="/esther/9-1.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/acts/17-31.htm">Given</a> <a href="/esther/9-5.htm">Haters</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Issued</a> <a href="/esther/8-16.htm">Jews</a> <a href="/esther/9-26.htm">Letter</a> <a href="/esther/8-14.htm">Order</a> <a href="/esther/8-17.htm">Peoples</a> <a href="/isaiah/62-11.htm">Proclamation</a> <a href="/esther/8-17.htm">Province</a> <a href="/job/24-20.htm">Public</a> <a href="/psalms/40-9.htm">Published</a> <a href="/job/5-18.htm">Punishment</a> <a href="/job/3-8.htm">Ready</a> <a href="/job/38-17.htm">Revealed</a> <a href="/exodus/6-3.htm">Text</a> <a href="/esther/9-2.htm">Themselves</a> <a href="/esther/9-23.htm">Writing</a><div class="vheading2">Esther 8</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/esther/8-1.htm">Mordecai is advanced.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">3. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/esther/8-3.htm">Esther makes suit to reverse Haman's letters.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">7. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/esther/8-7.htm">Xerxes grants to the Jews to defend themselves.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/esther/8-15.htm">Mordecai's honor, and the Jews' joy.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/8.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/esther/8.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province</b><br>This phrase highlights the vastness of the Persian Empire, which stretched from India to Ethiopia, encompassing 127 provinces (<a href="/esther/1.htm">Esther 1:1</a>). The administrative efficiency of the empire allowed for rapid communication across these regions. The use of written edicts was a common practice in ancient empires to ensure that laws and decrees were uniformly understood and enforced. This reflects the historical context of the Persian Empire's governance, where communication was key to maintaining control over such a large and diverse territory.<p><b>and published to all the people</b><br>The publication of the edict to all the people underscores the inclusivity and transparency of the decree. It was essential that everyone, regardless of their ethnic or social status, was informed. This mirrors the biblical principle of justice and fairness, ensuring that all individuals had access to the same information. The public nature of the decree also served to legitimize the actions of the Jews, as it was sanctioned by the king himself.<p><b>so that the Jews would be ready on that day</b><br>This phrase indicates preparation and readiness, a recurring theme in Scripture where God's people are called to be vigilant and prepared (e.g., <a href="/matthew/25.htm">Matthew 25:1-13</a>). The Jews were given the opportunity to defend themselves, a significant shift from their previous position of vulnerability. This preparation can be seen as a type of spiritual readiness, where believers are called to be prepared for spiritual battles (<a href="/ephesians/6-10.htm">Ephesians 6:10-18</a>).<p><b>to avenge themselves on their enemies</b><br>The concept of avenging oneself is complex within the biblical narrative. While vengeance is often reserved for God (<a href="/deuteronomy/32-35.htm">Deuteronomy 32:35</a>; <a href="/romans/12-19.htm">Romans 12:19</a>), this decree allowed the Jews to protect themselves from annihilation. It reflects the justice of God in allowing His people to defend their lives against unjust aggression. This act of self-defense can be seen as a foreshadowing of the ultimate victory over evil through Jesus Christ, who conquers sin and death (<a href="/1_corinthians/15-54.htm">1 Corinthians 15:54-57</a>). The historical context here is crucial, as the Jews were facing extermination due to Haman's earlier decree, and this new edict provided a means of survival and justice.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/e/esther.htm">Esther</a></b><br>The Jewish queen of Persia who played a crucial role in saving her people from destruction.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/m/mordecai.htm">Mordecai</a></b><br>Esther's cousin and guardian, who was instrumental in the plan to protect the Jews.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/k/king_ahasuerus.htm">King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I)</a></b><br>The Persian king who issued the edict allowing the Jews to defend themselves.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/h/haman.htm">Haman</a></b><br>The antagonist who initially plotted to destroy the Jews, leading to the need for this edict.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/s/susa.htm">Susa</a></b><br>The capital of the Persian Empire, where the events of Esther primarily take place.<br><br>6. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_jews.htm">The Jews</a></b><br>The people who were under threat of annihilation and were given the right to defend themselves.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/d/divine_providence_and_human_responsibility.htm">Divine Providence and Human Responsibility</a></b><br>God's providence is evident in the timing and circumstances that allowed the Jews to defend themselves. Believers should trust in God's timing while also taking responsible actions.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_power_of_righteous_leadership.htm">The Power of Righteous Leadership</a></b><br>Esther and Mordecai's leadership exemplifies how righteous leaders can influence and protect their communities. Christians are called to lead with integrity and courage.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_community_preparedness.htm">The Importance of Community Preparedness</a></b><br>The edict required the Jews to be ready to defend themselves. Similarly, the Christian community should be prepared to stand firm in faith and support one another in times of trial.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/j/justice_and_mercy.htm">Justice and Mercy</a></b><br>While the Jews were given the right to avenge themselves, the broader biblical account calls for justice tempered with mercy. Christians are encouraged to seek justice while showing mercy and love.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_esther_8.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Esther 8</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_did_esther_save_the_jews.htm">How did Esther save the Jews from Haman's plot?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_does_esther_8_8_override_persian_law.htm">How does Esther 8:8 reconcile with the supposed irrevocability of Persian law if a second decree effectively overrules the first?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_allow_more_killing_in_esther_9_13-15.htm">Esther 9:13-15: Why would an additional day of killing be sanctioned, and does this align with other biblical teachings on mercy and restraint?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/is_esther_7_4's_decree_reversal_credible.htm">Esther 7:4 - How credible is it that a royal decree ordering genocide could be issued and then so quickly reversed without any historical records corroborating it?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/esther/8.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) <span class= "bld">To avenge themselves on their enemies.</span>--The Hebrew word used here "does not necessarily signify a violent emotion of a resentful spirit, but a steady resolve to defend the right; it is used of the Almighty Himself, rescuing the oppressed, defending the right, and punishing the assailant and the oppressor" (Wordsworth).<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/esther/8.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - This verse reproduces ver. 14 of ch. 3, with a slight modification of the last clause. It is probable that a copy of the decree was originally inserted at the end of the verse. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/esther/8-13.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">A copy</span><br /><span class="heb">פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן</span> <span class="translit">(paṯ·še·ḡen)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6572.htm">Strong's 6572: </a> </span><span class="str2">A transcript</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of the text,</span><br /><span class="heb">הַכְּתָ֗ב</span> <span class="translit">(hak·kə·ṯāḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3791.htm">Strong's 3791: </a> </span><span class="str2">Something written, a writing, record, book</span><br /><br /><span class="word">issued</span><br /><span class="heb">לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן</span> <span class="translit">(lə·hin·nā·ṯên)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5414.htm">Strong's 5414: </a> </span><span class="str2">To give, put, set</span><br /><br /><span class="word">as law</span><br /><span class="heb">דָּת֙</span> <span class="translit">(dāṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1881.htm">Strong's 1881: </a> </span><span class="str2">A royal edict, statute</span><br /><br /><span class="word">throughout every</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּכָל־</span> <span class="translit">(bə·ḵāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">province,</span><br /><span class="heb">מְדִינָ֣ה</span> <span class="translit">(mə·ḏî·nāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4082.htm">Strong's 4082: </a> </span><span class="str2">A judgeship, jurisdiction, a district, a region</span><br /><br /><span class="word">was distributed</span><br /><span class="heb">גָּל֖וּי</span> <span class="translit">(gā·lui)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1540.htm">Strong's 1540: </a> </span><span class="str2">To denude, to exile, to reveal</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to all</span><br /><span class="heb">לְכָל־</span> <span class="translit">(lə·ḵāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the peoples,</span><br /><span class="heb">הָעַמִּ֑ים</span> <span class="translit">(hā·‘am·mîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> </span><span class="str2">A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock</span><br /><br /><span class="word">so that the Jews</span><br /><span class="heb">הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים</span> <span class="translit">(hay·yə·hū·ḏîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3064.htm">Strong's 3064: </a> </span><span class="str2">Jews -- Jewish</span><br /><br /><span class="word">would be</span><br /><span class="heb">וְלִהְי֨וֹת</span> <span class="translit">(wə·lih·yō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1961.htm">Strong's 1961: </a> </span><span class="str2">To fall out, come to pass, become, be</span><br /><br /><span class="word">prepared</span><br /><span class="heb">עֲתִידִים֙</span> <span class="translit">(‘ă·ṯî·ḏîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6259.htm">Strong's 6259: </a> </span><span class="str2">Prepared</span><br /><br /><span class="word">on that</span><br /><span class="heb">הַזֶּ֔ה</span> <span class="translit">(haz·zeh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Pronoun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2088.htm">Strong's 2088: </a> </span><span class="str2">This, that</span><br /><br /><span class="word">day</span><br /><span class="heb">לַיּ֣וֹם</span> <span class="translit">(lay·yō·wm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3117.htm">Strong's 3117: </a> </span><span class="str2">A day</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to avenge themselves</span><br /><span class="heb">לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם</span> <span class="translit">(lə·hin·nā·qêm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5358.htm">Strong's 5358: </a> </span><span class="str2">To grudge, avenge, punish</span><br /><br /><span class="word">on their enemies.</span><br /><span class="heb">מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃</span> <span class="translit">(mê·’ō·yə·ḇê·hem)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_341.htm">Strong's 341: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hating, an adversary</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/esther/8-13.htm">Esther 8:13 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/esther/8-13.htm">OT History: Esther 8:13 A copy of the letter that (Est Esth. Es) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/esther/8-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Esther 8:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Esther 8:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/esther/8-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Esther 8:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Esther 8:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>