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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>2 Samuel 22:43 I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/22-43.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/7/10_2Sa_22_43.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Samuel 22:43 - David's Song of Deliverance" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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I pounded and trampled them like mud in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/2_samuel/22.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />I ground them as fine as the dust of the earth; I trampled them in the gutter like dirt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/2_samuel/22.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />I beat them fine as the dust of the earth; I crushed them and stamped them down like the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/22.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/2_samuel/22.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, <i>and</i> did spread them abroad.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/2_samuel/22.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />Then I beat them as fine as the dust of the earth; I trod them like dirt in the streets, <i>And</i> I spread them out.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/2_samuel/22.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />“Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth; I crushed <i>and</i> trampled them like the mud of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/2_samuel/22.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />&#8220Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and stamped them as the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/2_samuel/22.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />“Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth, I crushed <i>and</i> stamped them as the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/2_samuel/22.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Then I beat them fine as the dust of the earth; I pulverized <i>and</i> stamped them as the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/2_samuel/22.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />“Then I beat them as [small as] the dust of the earth; I crushed and stamped them as the mire (dirt, mud) of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/2_samuel/22.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />I pulverize them like dust of the earth; I crush them and trample them like mud in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/2_samuel/22.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />I pulverize them like dust of the earth; I crush them and trample them like mud in the streets. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/2_samuel/22.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did crush them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/2_samuel/22.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />I ground them to dust, and I squashed them like mud in the streets. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/2_samuel/22.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/2_samuel/22.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />I beat them into a powder as fine as the dust on the ground. I crushed them and stomped on them like the dirt on the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/2_samuel/22.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />I crush them, and they become like dust; I trample on them like mud in the streets. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/2_samuel/22.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />I pulverized them to powder, like the dust of the earth; I crushed them, stomping on them like mud on a street.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/2_samuel/22.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/2_samuel/22.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground; I crush them and stomp on them like clay in the streets. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/2_samuel/22.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Then I ground them as fine as the dust on the surface of a path. Like the mud in the streets, I trampled them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/2_samuel/22.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I stamped them as the mire of the street, and spread them abroad.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/2_samuel/22.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/2_samuel/22.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />And I beat them as dust of the earth, "" As mire of the streets I beat them small—I spread them out!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/2_samuel/22.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> And I beat them as dust of the earth, As mire of the streets I beat them small -- I spread them out!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/2_samuel/22.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And I will rub them as the dust of the earth: As the mire of the streets I will stamp them, I will beat them:<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/2_samuel/22.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />I shall beat them as small as the dust of the earth: I shall crush them and spread them abroad like the mire of the streets. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/2_samuel/22.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />I will wipe them away like the dust of the earth. I will break them apart and crush them, like the mud of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/2_samuel/22.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />I ground them fine as the dust of the earth; like mud in the streets I trod them down. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/2_samuel/22.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />I beat them fine like the dust of the earth, I crushed them and stamped them down like the mire of the streets.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/2_samuel/22.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />I shall beat them as small as the dust which is carried by the wind; I shall tread upon them as the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/2_samuel/22.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />I shall pulverize them like dust on the faces of the wind, and like mud of the streets I shall tread them<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/2_samuel/22.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did tread them down.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/2_samuel/22.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And I ground them as the dust of the earth, I beat them small as the mire of the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/2_samuel/22-43.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_0ajZHUzMKw?start=6987" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/22.htm">David's Song of Deliverance</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">42</span>They looked, but there was no one to save them—to the LORD, but He did not answer. <span class="reftext">43</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/7833.htm" title="7833: wə·’eš·ḥā·qêm (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConjImperf-1cs:: 3mp) -- To rub away, beat fine, pulverize. A primitive root; to comminate.">I ground them</a> <a href="/hebrew/6083.htm" title="6083: ka·‘ă·p̄ar- (Prep-k:: N-msc) -- Dry earth, dust. From aphar; dust; hence, clay, earth, mud.">as the dust</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: ’ā·reṣ (N-fs) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">of the earth;</a> <a href="/hebrew/1854.htm" title="1854: ’ă·ḏiq·qêm (V-Hifil-Imperf-1cs:: 3mp) -- To crush, pulverize, thresh. A primitive root; to crush crumble.">I crushed</a> <a href="/hebrew/7554.htm" title="7554: ’er·qā·‘êm (V-Qal-Imperf-1cs:: 3mp) -- To beat, stamp, beat out, spread out. A primitive root; to pound the earth; by analogy to expand; by implication, to overlay.">and trampled them</a> <a href="/hebrew/2916.htm" title="2916: kə·ṭîṭ- (Prep-k:: N-msc) -- Mud, mire, clay. From an unused root meaning apparently to be sticky; mud or clay; figuratively, calamity.">like mud</a> <a href="/hebrew/2351.htm" title="2351: ḥū·ṣō·wṯ (N-mp) -- The outside, a street. Or chuts; from an unused root meaning to sever; properly, separate by a wall, i.e. Outside, outdoors.">in the streets.</a> </span><span class="reftext">44</span>You have delivered me from the strife of my people; You have preserved me as the head of nations; a people I had not known shall serve me.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/18-42.htm">Psalm 18:42</a></span><br />I ground them as dust in the face of the wind; I trampled them like mud in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/41-15.htm">Isaiah 41:15-16</a></span><br />Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff. / You will winnow them, and a wind will carry them away; a gale will scatter them. But you will rejoice in the LORD; you will glory in the Holy One of Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/micah/4-13.htm">Micah 4:13</a></span><br />Rise and thresh, O Daughter of Zion, for I will give you horns of iron and hooves of bronze to break to pieces many peoples. Then you will devote their gain to the LORD, their wealth to the Lord of all the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/10-6.htm">Isaiah 10:6</a></span><br />I will send him against a godless nation; I will dispatch him against a people destined for My rage, to take spoils and seize plunder, and to trample them down like clay in the streets.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-3.htm">Isaiah 63:3</a></span><br />“I have trodden the winepress alone, and no one from the nations was with Me. I trampled them in My anger and trod them down in My fury; their blood spattered My garments, and all My clothes were stained.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-20.htm">Jeremiah 51:20-23</a></span><br />“You are My war club, My weapon for battle. With you I shatter nations; with you I bring kingdoms to ruin. / With you I shatter the horse and rider; with you I shatter the chariot and driver. / With you I shatter man and woman; with you I shatter the old man and the youth; with you I shatter the young man and the maiden. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/2-9.htm">Psalm 2:9</a></span><br />You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/2-27.htm">Revelation 2:27</a></span><br />He will rule them with an iron scepter and shatter them like pottery—just as I have received authority from My Father.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/19-15.htm">Revelation 19:15</a></span><br />And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter. He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/2-34.htm">Daniel 2:34-35</a></span><br />As you watched, a stone was cut out, but not by human hands. It struck the statue on its feet of iron and clay, and crushed them. / Then the iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold were shattered and became like chaff on the threshing floor in summer. The wind carried them away, and not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that had struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/30-14.htm">Isaiah 30:14</a></span><br />It will break in pieces like a potter’s jar, shattered so that no fragment can be found. Not a shard will be found in the dust large enough to scoop the coals from a hearth or to skim the water from a cistern.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/25-10.htm">Isaiah 25:10</a></span><br />For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain. But Moab will be trampled in his place as straw is trodden into the dung pile.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/malachi/4-3.htm">Malachi 4:3</a></span><br />Then you will trample the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet on the day I am preparing,” says the LORD of Hosts.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/110-5.htm">Psalm 110:5-6</a></span><br />The Lord is at Your right hand; He will crush kings in the day of His wrath. / He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/50-23.htm">Jeremiah 50:23</a></span><br />How the hammer of the whole earth lies broken and shattered! What a horror Babylon has become among the nations!</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.</p><p class="hdg">as small</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/2_kings/13-7.htm">2 Kings 13:7</a></b></br> Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/35-5.htm">Psalm 35:5</a></b></br> Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the LORD chase <i>them</i>.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/2-35.htm">Daniel 2:35</a></b></br> Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.</p><p class="hdg">as the mire</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/18-42.htm">Psalm 18:42</a></b></br> Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/10-6.htm">Isaiah 10:6</a></b></br> I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/micah/7-10.htm">Micah 7:10</a></b></br> Then <i>she that is</i> mine enemy shall see <i>it</i>, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.</p><p class="hdg">did spread</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/32-26.htm">Deuteronomy 32:26</a></b></br> I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/26-15.htm">Isaiah 26:15</a></b></br> Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed <i>it</i> far <i>unto</i> all the ends of the earth.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/zechariah/2-6.htm">Zechariah 2:6</a></b></br> Ho, ho, <i>come forth</i>, and flee from the land of the north, saith the LORD: for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heaven, saith the LORD.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_samuel/30-16.htm">Abroad</a> <a href="/ruth/2-17.htm">Beat</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-30.htm">Crush</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-39.htm">Crushed</a> <a href="/2_samuel/16-13.htm">Dust</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-16.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-40.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/1_samuel/16-12.htm">Fine</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-22.htm">Mire</a> <a href="/john/9-15.htm">Mud</a> <a href="/songs/5-4.htm">Pounded</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-13.htm">Small</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-10.htm">Spread</a> <a href="/judges/5-22.htm">Stamp</a> <a href="/judges/5-22.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-12.htm">Street</a> <a href="/2_samuel/1-20.htm">Streets</a> <a href="/revelation/14-20.htm">Trampled</a> <a href="/1_samuel/5-5.htm">Tread</a> <a href="/judges/20-43.htm">Trod</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-14.htm">Waste</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_kings/2-42.htm">Abroad</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-25.htm">Beat</a> <a href="/esther/9-24.htm">Crush</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-22.htm">Crushed</a> <a href="/1_kings/16-2.htm">Dust</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-4.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/1_kings/2-5.htm">Feet</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-22.htm">Fine</a> <a href="/job/8-11.htm">Mire</a> <a href="/job/30-19.htm">Mud</a> <a href="/songs/5-4.htm">Pounded</a> <a href="/1_kings/2-20.htm">Small</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-31.htm">Spread</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Stamp</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/29-4.htm">Street</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-34.htm">Streets</a> <a href="/2_kings/7-17.htm">Trampled</a> <a href="/2_kings/7-20.htm">Tread</a> <a href="/2_kings/7-17.htm">Trod</a> <a href="/1_kings/2-34.htm">Waste</a><div class="vheading2">2 Samuel 22</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_samuel/22-1.htm">David's psalm of thanksgiving for God's deliverance and blessings</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/22.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_samuel/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_samuel/22.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>I ground them as the dust of the earth;</b><br>This phrase reflects the totality of David's victory over his enemies, symbolizing complete defeat and humiliation. The imagery of grinding to dust suggests a thorough and irreversible destruction, akin to the fate of the wicked described in <a href="/psalms/1-4.htm">Psalm 1:4</a>, where the wicked are likened to chaff blown away by the wind. The phrase also echoes the curse upon the serpent in <a href="/genesis/3-14.htm">Genesis 3:14</a>, where dust is a symbol of defeat and subjugation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dust was often associated with mourning and defeat, as seen in <a href="/job/2-12.htm">Job 2:12</a>, where Job's friends sprinkle dust on their heads in grief. This imagery underscores the comprehensive nature of God's deliverance and judgment through David, a type of Christ, who will ultimately defeat all His enemies (<a href="/1_corinthians/15-25.htm">1 Corinthians 15:25</a>).<p><b>I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.</b><br>The act of crushing and trampling signifies a decisive and overwhelming victory. In biblical times, streets were often unpaved and muddy, especially during the rainy season, making mud a common and lowly substance. This imagery conveys the utter humiliation and insignificance of David's foes in the face of divine intervention. The trampling motif is also found in <a href="/isaiah/63-3.htm">Isaiah 63:3</a>, where the Lord is depicted as treading the winepress in judgment, a foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate victory over evil. The cultural context of trampling as a sign of conquest is evident in ancient warfare, where victors would often parade over the defeated to demonstrate their dominance. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to David, ensuring his triumph over adversaries, and prefigures the ultimate victory of Christ over sin and death, as seen in <a href="/revelation/19-15.htm">Revelation 19:15</a>, where He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/d/david.htm">David</a></b><br>The author of this song of deliverance, David is reflecting on God's deliverance from his enemies and his triumphs as king.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/e/enemies_of_david.htm">Enemies of David</a></b><br>These are the adversaries that David faced throughout his life, including Saul, the Philistines, and other hostile nations.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/i/israel.htm">Israel</a></b><br>The nation over which David ruled, often facing threats from surrounding nations.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/g/god's_deliverance.htm">God's Deliverance</a></b><br>The overarching theme of this chapter, highlighting God's intervention and protection over David.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/s/song_of_deliverance.htm">Song of Deliverance</a></b><br>This chapter is a song or psalm of thanksgiving, paralleling <a href="/bsb/psalms/18.htm">Psalm 18</a>, where David praises God for his victories.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_in_victory.htm">God's Sovereignty in Victory</a></b><br>Recognize that all victories come from God, who empowers and delivers His people.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_reality_of_spiritual_warfare.htm">The Reality of Spiritual Warfare</a></b><br>Understand that believers face spiritual enemies, and God equips us to overcome them.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/h/humility_in_triumph.htm">Humility in Triumph</a></b><br>Acknowledge that our successes are not by our strength but by God's grace and power.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_opposition_to_god.htm">The Consequences of Opposition to God</a></b><br>Realize that those who oppose God and His anointed will ultimately face defeat.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_assurance_of_god's_protection.htm">The Assurance of God's Protection</a></b><br>Trust in God's promise to protect and deliver His people from their adversaries.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_samuel_22.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 22</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/literal_vs._metaphorical_in_2_samuel_22.htm">(2 Samuel 22) How can we tell which elements of this praise song are meant literally versus those intended as metaphorical or hyperbolic language?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_do_2_samuel_22_and_psalm_18_differ.htm">(2 Samuel 22 compared with Psalm 18) Why do these passages have slight variations if both are supposed to be inspired or accurate accounts?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/evidence_of_an_earthquake_in_david's_reign.htm">(2 Samuel 22:8) Is there any historical or archaeological evidence of an actual earthquake during David's reign, or is this purely poetic imagery?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_the_discrepancy_on_jehoshaphat's_actions.htm">In 1 Kings 22:43, why does the text imply Jehoshaphat removed high places when 2 Chronicles 20:33 suggests otherwise?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_samuel/22.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(43) <span class= "bld">Dust of the earth</span>.--Psalms 18 reads, "Dust before the wind," and in the second clause omits "did spread them abroad." The psalm thus combines in one compact figure what is here spread out in two clauses. The change is certainly designed, and heightens the poetic effect.<p>Thou hast kept me.--The wording of the psalm, "Thou hast made me," involves only a slight difference in the original, and is a mere clerical variation.<p><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/2_samuel/22-43.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">I ground them</span><br /><span class="heb">וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם</span> <span class="translit">(wə·’eš·ḥā·qêm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7833.htm">Strong's 7833: </a> </span><span class="str2">To rub away, beat fine, pulverize</span><br /><br /><span class="word">as the dust</span><br /><span class="heb">כַּעֲפַר־</span> <span class="translit">(ka·‘ă·p̄ar-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6083.htm">Strong's 6083: </a> </span><span class="str2">Dust, clay, earth, mud</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of the earth;</span><br /><span class="heb">אָ֑רֶץ</span> <span class="translit">(’ā·reṣ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">I crushed</span><br /><span class="heb">אֲדִקֵּ֖ם</span> <span class="translit">(’ă·ḏiq·qêm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1854.htm">Strong's 1854: </a> </span><span class="str2">To crush, pulverize, thresh</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and trampled them</span><br /><span class="heb">אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃</span> <span class="translit">(’er·qā·‘êm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7554.htm">Strong's 7554: </a> </span><span class="str2">To pound the earth, to expand, to overlay</span><br /><br /><span class="word">like mud</span><br /><span class="heb">כְּטִיט־</span> <span class="translit">(kə·ṭîṭ-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2916.htm">Strong's 2916: </a> </span><span class="str2">Mud, clay, calamity</span><br /><br /><span class="word">in the streets.</span><br /><span class="heb">חוּצ֥וֹת</span> <span class="translit">(ḥū·ṣō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2351.htm">Strong's 2351: </a> </span><span class="str2">Separate by a, wall, outside, outdoors</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/2_samuel/22-43.htm">2 Samuel 22:43 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/2_samuel/22-43.htm">OT History: 2 Samuel 22:43 Then I beat them as small as (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_samuel/22-42.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Samuel 22:42"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 22:42" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_samuel/22-44.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Samuel 22:44"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 22:44" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>