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ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼
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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu 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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਨੋਟ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨੋਟ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਨੋਟ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨੋਟ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਾਰਨੀ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 42 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اتحاد الهند – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتحاد الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="دومينيون الهند – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دومينيون الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_la_India" title="Unión de la India – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Unión de la India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Індыйскі Саюз – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыйскі Саюз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Индийски съюз – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индийски съюз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="ভারত অধিরাজ্য – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত অধিরাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domini_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Domini de l'Índia – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Domini de l'Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominium_Indie" title="Dominium Indie – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dominium Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dominion of India" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominio_de_Barato" title="Dominio de Barato – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dominio de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_la_India" title="Unión de la India – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiako_Agindupeko_Lurra" title="Indiako Agindupeko Lurra – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indiako Agindupeko Lurra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قلمرو هند – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلمرو هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_dominio" title="Intian dominio – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian dominio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_de_l%27Inde" title="Dominion de l'Inde – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dominion de l'Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="ભારતીય અધિરાજ્ય – ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય અધિરાજ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="भारतीय अधिराज्य – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय अधिराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_India" title="Dominion India – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dominion India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_dell%27India" title="Dominion dell'India – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dominion dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6_(%E3%83%89%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3)" title="インド連邦 (ドミニオン) – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド連邦 (ドミニオン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EB%A0%B9" title="인도 자치령 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 자치령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijos_dominija" title="Indijos dominija – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indijos dominija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijas_Dom%C4%ABnija" title="Indijas Domīnija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indijas Domīnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="भारतीय अधिराज्य – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय अधिराज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatuan_India" title="Kesatuan India – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesatuan India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="भारतीय सङ्घ – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_India" title="Dominion India – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dominion India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionen_India" title="Unionen India – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Unionen India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଅଧିରାଜ୍ୟ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଅଧିରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unia_Indyjska" title="Unia Indyjska – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unia Indyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Domínio da Índia – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Domínio da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Индийский Союз – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индийский Союз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இந்திய மேலாட்சி அரசு – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய மேலாட்சி அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иттифоқи Ҳиндустон – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттифоқи Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศอินเดียในเครือจักรภพ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินเดียในเครือจักรภพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Dominyonu" title="Hindistan Dominyonu – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Dominyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Домініон Індія – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Домініон Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بھارت ڈومینین – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارت ڈومینین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_Ittifoqi" title="Hindiston Ittifoqi – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston Ittifoqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name"><b>ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸੰਘ</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1947–1950</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ"><img alt="Flag of ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/125px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/188px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/250px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Emblem_of_India_(without_motto).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ[1] of ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ"><img alt="ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ[1] of ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg/60px-Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg/90px-Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India_%28without_motto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="784" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;">ਝੰਡਾ</td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ">ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ</a><sup id="cite_ref-State_Emblem_and_Seal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Emblem_and_Seal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਵਿਭਾਗ, 1949[lower-alpha 1]"><img alt="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਵਿਭਾਗ, 1949[lower-alpha 1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg/250px-India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg/375px-India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg/500px-India_Administrative_Divisions_1949-Kashmir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1788" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਵਿਭਾਗ, 1949<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ">ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਵਸਨੀਕੀ ਨਾਮ">ਵਸਨੀਕੀ ਨਾਮ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਭਾਰਤੀ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰਾਜਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1947–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">ਜਾਰਜ 6ਵਾਂ</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਵਰਨਰ-ਜਰਨਲ">ਗਵਰਨਰ-ਜਰਨਲ</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1947–1948 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਲਾਰਡ ਮਾਊਂਟਬੈਟਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਲਾਰਡ ਮਾਊਂਟਬੈਟਨ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80._%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੀ. ਰਾਜਾਗੋਪਾਲਚਾਰੀ">ਸੀ. ਰਾਜਾਗੋਪਾਲਚਾਰੀ</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ">ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1947–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਜਵਾਹਰ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ">ਜਵਾਹਰ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਵਿਧਾਨਪਾਲਿਕਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਸਭਾ">ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਸਭਾ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਸੰਗਰਾਮ">ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ</a><br /> ਅਤੇ ਰਾਜ </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8_(%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਦਿਵਸ (ਭਾਰਤ)">15 ਅਗਸਤ</a> 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਗਣਰਾਜ">ਗਣਰਾਜ</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8_(%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਗਣਤੰਤਰ ਦਿਵਸ (ਭਾਰਤ)">26 ਜਨਵਰੀ</a> 1950</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਖੇਤਰ</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਕੁੱਲ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,159,814<sup id="cite_ref-statesman-yb-1950-lead_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statesman-yb-1950-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (1,220,011 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਆਬਾਦੀ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1949–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">360,185,000 (ਲਗਭਗ)<sup id="cite_ref-statesman-yb-1950-lead_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statesman-yb-1950-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਮੁਦਰਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰੁਪਈਆ">ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰੁਪਈਆ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/20px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/30px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ">ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਣਰਾਜ</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਅੱਜ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਹੈ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨ">ਚੀਨ</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼">ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਧਿਕਾਰਤ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ <b>ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸੰਘ</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-unionofindia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unionofindia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-everett-heath-union_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everett-heath-union-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-black-union_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-black-union-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15 ਅਗਸਤ 1947 ਅਤੇ 26 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1950 ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕਾਮਨਵੈਲਥ ਆਫ਼ ਨੇਸ਼ਨਜ਼">ਕਾਮਨਵੈਲਥ ਆਫ ਨੇਸ਼ਨਜ਼</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਰਾਜ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-wani-et-al-union_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wani-et-al-union-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਆਪਣੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਤੱਕ, ਭਾਰਤ 'ਤੇ ਯੂਨਾਈਟਿਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਇੱਕ ਗੈਰ ਰਸਮੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਵਜੋਂ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਸਾਮਰਾਜ, ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਵਾਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਰਾਜ">ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</a> ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਖੇਤਰ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮੂਹਿਕ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਭਾਰਤ">ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ</a> ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਸਿੱਧੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਿਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਸਨ, ਅਤੇ ਖੇਤਰ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਰਿਆਸਤਾਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਕਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ। ਸਰਵੋਤਮਤਾ ਦੇ. ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਡੋਮੀਨੀਅਨ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਐਕਟ 1947 ਦੇ ਪਾਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਰਸਮੀ ਰੂਪ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ, ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਡੋਮੀਨੀਅਨ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਰਸਮੀ ਰੂਪ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਸੀ - ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਅੱਜ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ">ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼">ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼</a> ਹਨ। ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਡੋਮੀਨੀਅਨ ਆਮ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ "ਭਾਰਤ" ਰਿਹਾ ਪਰ ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਘਟਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ। ਐਕਟ ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ, ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਲਈ ਸਾਰੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਤਿਆਗ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਰਿਆਸਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਾਸਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਸੰਧੀ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਵੀ ਰੱਦ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਰਤ ਜਾਂ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਨਾਲ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਸੰਘ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ। ਇਸ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਕੀ ਸਿਰਲੇਖ, "ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸਮਰਾਟ," ਛੱਡ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-black-union_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-black-union-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ 'ਤੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਡੋਮੀਨੀਅਨ ਹੋਂਦ ਵਿਚ ਆਇਆ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਹਿੰਸਾ ਨਾਲ ਘਿਰਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ। ਇਸਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਇੱਕ ਮੋਹਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਬਸਤੀਵਾਦੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਵਾਦੀ ਅੰਦੋਲਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਸੀ ਜੋ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਖਤਮ ਕਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਕਾਰਕ ਬਣ ਗਈ ਸੀ। ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਵਜੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਜਵਾਹਰ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ">ਜਵਾਹਰ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ</a> ਅਤੇ ਉਪ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਵਜੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਵੱਲਭਭਾਈ ਪਟੇਲ">ਵੱਲਭਭਾਈ ਪਟੇਲ</a> ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਨਵੀਂ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬਣਾਈ ਗਈ ਸੀ, ਦੋਵੇਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ">ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ</a> ਦੇ ਮੈਂਬਰ ਸਨ। <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਲਾਰਡ ਮਾਊਂਟਬੈਟਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਲਾਰਡ ਮਾਊਂਟਬੈਟਨ</a>, ਆਖਰੀ ਵਾਇਸਰਾਏ, ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਗਵਰਨਰ-ਜਨਰਲ ਵਜੋਂ ਜੂਨ 1948 ਤੱਕ ਰਹੇ। </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ">ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ</a> ਦੇ ਯਤਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਹਿੰਸਾ ਨੂੰ ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਰੋਕਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ, ਪਰ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਕਿ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੰਦੂਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਨਾਰਾਜ਼ਗੀ ਵਧ ਗਈ, ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਜਾਨ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਚੁਕਾਉਣੀ ਪਈ। ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦੀਆਂ ਰਿਆਸਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਵੇਂ ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਜੋੜਨ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਪਟੇਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਪੈ ਗਈ। 1947 ਦੇ ਬਾਕੀ ਬਚੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਅਤੇ 1948 ਦੇ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਤੱਕ, ਏਕੀਕਰਣ ਨੂੰ ਭਰਮਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੌਕੇ 'ਤੇ ਧਮਕੀਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਪੂਰਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਜੂਨਾਗੜ੍ਹ ਰਾਜ, ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ ਰਾਜ, ਅਤੇ ਖਾਸ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ, ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਜੰਮੂ ਦੇ ਮਾਮਲਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ, ਇਹ ਸੁਚਾਰੂ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਚਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ, ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਲੜਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਵਾਦ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਅੱਜ ਤੱਕ ਚੱਲੀ ਆ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੌਰਾਨ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ">ਭਾਰਤੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ</a> ਦਾ ਖਰੜਾ ਤਿਆਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਵੱਡੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F_1935" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਐਕਟ 1935">ਭਾਰਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਐਕਟ, 1935</a>, ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਆਖਰੀ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ 'ਤੇ ਅਧਾਰਤ ਸੀ,<sup id="cite_ref-manor-goi35_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manor-goi35-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਪਰ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡ ਦੇ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਝ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਵੇਂ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਨੇ ਛੂਤ-ਛਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਤੀ ਭੇਦ-ਭਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰਕੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਸਦੀਆਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਅਤੀਤ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਪਹਿਲੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੱਦ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ। </p><p>ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਯਤਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, 14 ਤੋਂ 18 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਲੋਕ ਵੰਡ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਰਨਾਰਥੀ ਵਜੋਂ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਚਲੇ ਗਏ, ਅਤੇ 10 ਲੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਲੋਕ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਚਲਿਤ ਗਰੀਬੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ੀ ਰੂਪ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਯਤਨ ਵੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। 1949 ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੁਕਤ ਇੱਕ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਦੀ ਔਸਤ ਸਾਲਾਨਾ ਆਮਦਨ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਮਾਨ ਲਗਾਇਆ ਸੀ। 260 (ਜਾਂ $55), ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਉਸ ਰਕਮ ਤੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਘੱਟ ਕਮਾਈ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਖਰਤਾ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਲੇ ਪੱਧਰ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਕੀਤਾ, ਜਲਦੀ ਹੀ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ 1951 ਦੀ ਮਰਦਮਸ਼ੁਮਾਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਰਦਾਂ ਲਈ 23.54% ਅਤੇ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਲਈ 7.62% ਹੋਣ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਮਾਨ ਲਗਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ। ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਧਾਰਨ ਲਈ ਯੋਜਨਾਵਾਂ ਵੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਹਨ। 1950 ਦੇ ਦਹਾਕੇ ਦੇ ਅੱਧ ਦੇ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਕੋਡ ਬਿੱਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਦੇ ਫਲਸਰੂਪ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਫਲ ਮਿਲਿਆ, ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਪਿਤ੍ਰਵਿਆਹ, ਵਿਆਹੁਤਾ ਤਿਆਗ ਅਤੇ ਬਾਲ ਵਿਆਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਗੈਰਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕਈ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਦੀ ਚੋਰੀ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਹੀ। ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਡੋਮੀਨੀਅਨ 1950 ਤੱਕ ਚੱਲਿਆ, ਜਿਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਭਾਰਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਮੰਡਲ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਇੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਮੁਖੀ ਵਜੋਂ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-Winegard_2011_2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winegard_2011_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨੋਟ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9F"></span>ਨੋਟ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨੋਟ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਰਹੱਦ ਨੂੰ 1954 ਤੱਕ ਠੀਕ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ਦੇਖੋ 1962 ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਚੀਨ-ਭਾਰਤ ਜੰਗ">ਚੀਨ-ਭਾਰਤ ਜੰਗ</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r636460"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-State_Emblem_and_Seal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-State_Emblem_and_Seal_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf">"Press Communique' – State Emblem"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Press Information Bureau of India – Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Communique%27+%E2%80%93+State+Emblem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Farchive%2Fdocs%2FDVD_38%2FACC%2520NO%2520804-BR%2FHOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch; 8 ਅਗਸਤ 2017 suggested (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ">ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ</a> 1964 ਤੱਕ)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statesman-yb-1950-lead-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-statesman-yb-1950-lead_4-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-statesman-yb-1950-lead_4-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFS._H._Steinberg1950" class="citation cs2">S. H. Steinberg, ed. (1950), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statesmansyearbo030477mbp/page/136/mode/2up"><i>The Statesman's Year-Book, 1950</i></a>, London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd, p. 137</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statesman%27s+Year-Book%2C+1950&rft.place=London&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Co.%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatesmansyearbo030477mbp%2Fpage%2F136%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1949-02-07_047.pdf"><i>The Armed Forces Academy, Dehradun</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armed+Forces+Academy%2C+Dehradun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1949-02-07_047.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-09-10_162.pdf"><i>The Gazette of India</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gazette+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1948-09-10_162.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-53-JAN-DEC-KASHAMIR-INDIA-PAKISTAN/PDF/DEF-1948-01-03_001.pdf"><i>Press Information Bureau Government of India</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Press+Information+Bureau+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1948-53-JAN-DEC-KASHAMIR-INDIA-PAKISTAN%2FPDF%2FDEF-1948-01-03_001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-unionofindia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-unionofindia_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFWinegard2011" class="citation cs2">Winegard, Timothy C. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzIw-c1YOAIC&pg=PA2"><i>Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 2, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-107-01493-0" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-107-01493-0"><bdi>978-1-107-01493-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenous+Peoples+of+the+British+Dominions+and+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01493-0&rft.aulast=Winegard&rft.aufirst=Timothy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqzIw-c1YOAIC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: “The first collective use (of the word "dominion") occurred at the Colonial Conference (April to May 1907) when the title was conferred upon Canada and Australia. New Zealand and Newfoundland were afforded the designation in September of that same year, followed by South Africa in 1910. These were the only British possessions recognized as Dominions at the outbreak of war. In 1922, the Irish Free State was given Dominion status, followed by the short-lived inclusion of India and Pakistan in 1947 (although India was officially recognized as the Union of India). The Union of India became the Republic of India in 1950, while the became the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everett-heath-union-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-everett-heath-union_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFEverett-Heath2019" class="citation cs2">Everett-Heath, John (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ufkFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1089">"India"</a>, <i>The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-19-260254-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-19-260254-1"><bdi>978-0-19-260254-1</bdi></a>, <q>India ... The Republic of India since 1950 after independence was achieved in 1947 when the Federal Union of India (and Dominion of India) was created.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Dictionary+of+World+Place-Names&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-260254-1&rft.aulast=Everett-Heath&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DufkFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-black-union-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-black-union_9-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-black-union_9-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2018" class="citation cs2">Black, Cyril (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUhaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT569"><i>Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since World War II</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/9780429977442" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/9780429977442"><bdi>9780429977442</bdi></a>, <q>The most devastating blow to old relationships came when Britain officially withdrew from India on August 15, 1947, and the two self-governing dominions of Pakistan and the Union of India were established. In June 1948 King George VI dropped "emperor of India" from his titles, at the same time that Lord Mountbatten was succeeded as governor-general of Indian by a native Indian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebirth%3A+A+Political+History+of+Europe+since+World+War+II&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780429977442&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUhaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wani-et-al-union-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wani-et-al-union_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFWaniKhanYaseen2020" class="citation cs2">Wani, Aijaz Ashraf; Khan, Imran Ahmad; Yaseen, Tabzeer (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s70LEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71">"Article 370 and 35A: Origin, Provinces, and the Politics of Contestation"</a>, in Hussain, Sarena (ed.), <i>Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir</i>, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 53–78, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/9783030564810" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/9783030564810"><bdi>9783030564810</bdi></a>, <q>Notes: 2 The Union of India was the official name of the country between independence on August 15, 1947 and the establishment of the Republic of India on January 26, 1950. During this time, India remained an independent dominion under the British Crown within the British Commonwealth of Nations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Article+370+and+35A%3A+Origin%2C+Provinces%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Contestation&rft.btitle=Society+and+Politics+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=53-78&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9783030564810&rft.aulast=Wani&rft.aufirst=Aijaz+Ashraf&rft.au=Khan%2C+Imran+Ahmad&rft.au=Yaseen%2C+Tabzeer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds70LEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manor-goi35-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-manor-goi35_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFManor1988" class="citation book cs1">Manor, James (1988). "Seeking Greater Power and Constitutional Change: India's President and the Parliamentary Crisis of 1979". In Low, D. A. (ed.). <i>Constitutional Heads and Political Crises: Commonwealth Episodes 1945–85</i>. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd. pp. 26–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-349-10199-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-349-10199-3"><bdi>978-1-349-10199-3</bdi></a>. <q>India's constitution sets down the rules for what is clearly a variant on the Westminster model, indeed it bears a close resemblance in many respects to the last constitution of British India, the Government of India Act of 1935.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seeking+Greater+Power+and+Constitutional+Change%3A+India%27s+President+and+the+Parliamentary+Crisis+of+1979&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Heads+and+Political+Crises%3A+Commonwealth+Episodes+1945%26ndash%3B85&rft.place=London&rft.pages=26-36&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-1-349-10199-3&rft.aulast=Manor&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winegard_2011_2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Winegard_2011_2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFWinegard2011" class="citation cs2">Winegard, Timothy C. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzIw-c1YOAIC&pg=PA2"><i>Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 2–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-107-01493-0" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-107-01493-0"><bdi>978-1-107-01493-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenous+Peoples+of+the+British+Dominions+and+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=2-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01493-0&rft.aulast=Winegard&rft.aufirst=Timothy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqzIw-c1YOAIC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6458bccbb8‐cvv4j Cached time: 20250209093403 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.312 seconds Real time usage: 0.386 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4278/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64866/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6474/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55338/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6145678/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 347.573 1 -total 63.57% 220.943 6 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox 60.30% 209.572 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox_former_country 37.71% 131.075 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Reflist 20.42% 70.973 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Cite_web 11.19% 38.897 5 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox_country/multirow 10.69% 37.171 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Convinfobox 9.94% 34.559 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox_country/imagetable 9.38% 32.613 9 ਫਰਮਾ:Citation 8.54% 29.693 15 ਫਰਮਾ:If_empty --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key pawiki:pcache:150734:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250209093403 and revision id 635240. 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