CINXE.COM
Digitalization
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-34398331-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-34398331-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path"});</script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3F71XQS4K3" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" 0="src">window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-3F71XQS4K3');</script> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ruby.ops.iec.ch/" : "https://ruby.ops.iec.ch/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "3"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);if (!window.matomo_search_results_active) {_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);}_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script> <meta name="description" content="The move from an analogue to a digital world is affecting every aspect of our lives. Together with IEC Conformity Assessment Systems, IEC International Standards pave the way for a safe and sustainable move into the all-digital era" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.iec.ch/digitalization" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Basic page" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.iec.ch/digitalization" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Digitalization" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The move from an analogue to a digital world is affecting every aspect of our lives. Together with IEC Conformity Assessment Systems, IEC International Standards pave the way for a safe and sustainable move into the all-digital era" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#0060AA" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/mstile-310x310.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/mstile-70x70.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/mstile-310x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-tilecolor" content="#0060AA" /> <meta name="msapplication-tileimage" content="/themes/custom/iec/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #0779bf} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #ffffff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #ffffff;}</style> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.iec.ch/digitalization" /> <title>Digitalization</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_PGKoLtvegk5RZCalkMk44iYJiq6jaH-pbsWcOrLdET4.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.5.0/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.5.0/css/v4-shims.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3o0RratvVCPbFLxfUHlmoA7W6YPp--0ywbwEfD9NHOo.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-bZLfwXAP04zRMK2BjiO8iu9pf4FbLqX6zitd+tIvLhE=" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.4.0/8.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-tGFFYdzcicBwsd5EPO92iUIytu9UkQR3tLMbORL9sfi/WswiHkA1O3ri9yHW+5dXk18Rd+pluMeDBrPKSwNCvw==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//unpkg.com/ionicons@4.4.2/dist/css/ionicons.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i|Roboto+Condensed:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i|Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_At70hQY3ILLIA-4BhSxL85Yn6TPoi97IqfRpZ-yDQ-A.css?delta=8&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.11.5/css/jquery.dataTables.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.datatables.net/buttons/2.2.2/css/buttons.dataTables.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.datatables.net/rowgroup/1.2.0/css/rowGroup.bootstrap.min.css" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/217512","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyFUoFuAyEI_SGrn2Q4pXfsVIxwa-_vp-l67bouS0x474EgIHzA1SeGiM3BA1tdGk8TNjNBWL1yP9U9YU-By5_ODzETs4o2qK5y5c-R6VCUOSlVE7ihi22rkGwkSDzb8QYT9wKZgk-w86biXrg_Ny6KJRrcfGBeCbvJNRGUgO6d6COeYUtq8KqJynqv-k3NuSeECwpndE_YXnAaVP4NsLJQNjPznNBDgbQrBXGvgiEMThfMOJCPfClj4L6PJax9Be9E--O2z0Ap9GJ1BJ8OZjIoZ3Y3Y7IGqBoWcAc6QcxUThIa1d7Ru4hE0-Gv0GDu21rkPqyHYrdStymRLBiNcOi78xn7Cv2Yprjfkr01Lbso5v5XBL8AP6P6NQ","theme":"iec","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"ajaxLoader":{"markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022ajax-throbber sk-circle\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-circle-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E","hideAjaxMessage":true,"alwaysFullscreen":true,"throbberPosition":"body"},"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":true,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":false,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-34398331-1","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"matomo":{"disableCookies":false,"trackMailto":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":true,"extNofollow":true,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":false,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--opt-in\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy clicking the Accept button, you agree to us doing so. \u003Ca target=\u0022_blank\u0022 href=\u0022\/node\/40319\u0022\u003EMore info\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button\u0022\u003EAccept\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003ENo, thanks\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--opt-in\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button\u0022\u003EAccept\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003ENo, thanks\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/privacy","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"opt_in","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"iec_settings":{"webstore":{"url":"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch","searchform":"\/searchform\u0026"},"advanced_search":{"url":"https:\/\/advsearch.iec.ch\/"}},"config":"{\u0022sitekey\u0022:\u0022MTPublic-4iOcPrDir\u0022,\u0022autoFormValidate\u0022:true,\u0022theme\u0022:\u0022neowhite\u0022,\u0022render\u0022:\u0022explicit\u0022,\u0022renderQueue\u0022:[],\u0022widgetSize\u0022:\u0022mini\u0022,\u0022enableOption\u0022:\u0022all\u0022,\u0022lang\u0022:\u0022en\u0022}","bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"a4224674ecc4366d7e2c1be2653ded8a972318b60708a62566bab90c7f21f7f4"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2g2mk58gC-hC2ZmNgiVSVjoJSdmset05MmxbHMiDtbI.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> <script src="https://service.mtcaptcha.com/mtcv1/client/mtcaptcha.min.js" async></script> <script src="https://service.mtcaptcha.com/mtcv1/client/mtcaptcha2.min.js" async></script> </head> <body class="path-node page-node-type-page has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-default container" id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <div class="iec-full-width iec-top-menu-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="iec-top-menu-wrapper"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-topmenu--2-menu" id="block-topmenu--2"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-topmenu--2-menu">Top Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--top-menu nav"> <li class="first"> <a target="_self" href="https://advsearch.iec.ch/"><i class="fa fas fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="link-text">Advanced search</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://webstore.iec.ch/"><i class="fa fas fa-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="link-text">Webstore</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://products.iec.ch/">IEC PSP</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://etech.iec.ch/">e-tech</a> </li> <li> <a target="_self" title="Capacity building" href="/academy/online-learning-platform">Online learning</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a title="Contact" href="/contact">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="menu menu--account nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="last"> <div class="iec-dropdown iec-dropdown-account"> <span> <i class="fa fa-sign-in-alt menu-account-icon"></i>My IEC </span> <div class="iec-dropdown-content"> <a href="/iec/openid/authenticate?url_from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iec.ch%2Fdigitalization">Login</a> <a class="forgot-pwd" href="/iec/passwordrecovery">Forgot password ?</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div class="iec-top-menu-container"> <a class="iec-mobile-top-menu-item iec-toggle-menu-btn"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a> <a href="https://webstore.iec.ch" class="iec-mobile-top-menu-item iec-mobile-webstore-btn"> <i class="fa fas fa-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="iec-dropdown iec-dropdown-account"> <span class="iec-mobile-top-menu-item iec-mobile-account-menu"> <i class="fa fa-sign-in-alt menu-account-icon"></i>My IEC </span> <div class="iec-dropdown-content"> <a href="/iec/openid/authenticate?url_from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iec.ch%2Fdigitalization">Login</a> <a class="forgot-pwd" href="https://login.iec.ch/auth/realms/iecsso/login-actions/reset-credentials?client_id=myiec">Forgot password ?</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="iec-logo-header"> <a class="visible-xs-block visible-sm-block iec-logo iec-logo-mobile logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/iec/images/iec-logo-mobile.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm iec-logo iec-logo-desktop logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/iec/images/IEC_logo.jpg" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> <!-- Modal --> <div id="iec_modal_menu" class="modal fade iec-modal-menu" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="-menu"> <h2 id="-menu"></h2> <ul class="menu menu--main nav navbar-nav"> <li class="expanded dropdown first"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/standards-development">Standards development<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-2139039448" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/standards-development" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Standards development</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/understanding-standards">Understanding standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tclist">List of TC/SCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tcfacts">TC/SCs facts and figures</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="/standards-development/technical-committees-tools">TC tools</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/standards-development/new-projects">New projects</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/iec-patent-declarations">Patents</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-2051721395" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/standards-development/new-projects">New projects</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/iec-patent-declarations">Patents</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/resource-area">TC/SCs resource area</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-2139039448" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/understanding-standards">Understanding standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tclist">List of TC/SCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tcfacts">TC/SCs facts and figures</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="/standards-development/technical-committees-tools">TC tools</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/standards-development/new-projects">New projects</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/iec-patent-declarations">Patents</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-799656657" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/standards-development/new-projects">New projects</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/iec-patent-declarations">Patents</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/resource-area">TC/SCs resource area</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/conformity-assessment">Conformity assessment<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-2004986353" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/conformity-assessment" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Conformity assessment</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/what-conformity-assessment">What is conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/types-conformity-assessment">Types of conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/how-global-iec-ca-systems-operate">How the global IEC CA Systems operate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-systems">IEC CA Systems</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-tools">CA tools</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-2004986353" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/what-conformity-assessment">What is conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/types-conformity-assessment">Types of conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/how-global-iec-ca-systems-operate">How the global IEC CA Systems operate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-systems">IEC CA Systems</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-tools">CA tools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown active-trail"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm active-trail" href="/where-we-make-difference">Where we make a difference<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-472900879" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block active-trail"> <a href="/where-we-make-difference" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Where we make a difference</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/energies">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/sdgs">SDGs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-action">Climate action</a> </li> <li> <a href="/smart-manufacturing">Smart manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/healthcare">Healthcare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cities-communities">Cities and communities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/transportation">Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a title="international standards and conformity assessment for cyber security" href="/cyber-security">Cyber security</a> </li> <li class="active-trail"> <a class="active-trail" href="/digitalization">Digitalization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ai">AI</a> </li> <li> <a href="/biodigital-convergence">Bio-digital convergence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/quantum-technology">Quantum technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/iot">IoT</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a href="/fundamentals">Fundamentals</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/emc">EMC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/electropedia">Electropedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ip-ratings">IP ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/si">SI - International system of units</a> </li> <li> <a href="/functional-safety">Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/terminology-symbols">Terminology & symbols</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/world-plugs">World plugs</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1992276971" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/emc">EMC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/electropedia">Electropedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ip-ratings">IP ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/si">SI - International system of units</a> </li> <li> <a href="/functional-safety">Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/terminology-symbols">Terminology & symbols</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/world-plugs">World plugs</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-472900879" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/energies">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/sdgs">SDGs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-action">Climate action</a> </li> <li> <a href="/smart-manufacturing">Smart manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/healthcare">Healthcare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cities-communities">Cities and communities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/transportation">Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a title="international standards and conformity assessment for cyber security" href="/cyber-security">Cyber security</a> </li> <li class="active-trail"> <a class="active-trail" href="/digitalization">Digitalization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ai">AI</a> </li> <li> <a href="/biodigital-convergence">Bio-digital convergence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/quantum-technology">Quantum technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/iot">IoT</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a href="/fundamentals">Fundamentals</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/emc">EMC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/electropedia">Electropedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ip-ratings">IP ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/si">SI - International system of units</a> </li> <li> <a href="/functional-safety">Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/terminology-symbols">Terminology & symbols</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/world-plugs">World plugs</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1792634673" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/emc">EMC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/electropedia">Electropedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ip-ratings">IP ratings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/si">SI - International system of units</a> </li> <li> <a href="/functional-safety">Safety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/terminology-symbols">Terminology & symbols</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/world-plugs">World plugs</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/who-benefits">Who benefits<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1676437549" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/who-benefits" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Who benefits</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/industry">Industry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/government-regulators">Government & regulators</a> </li> <li> <a href="/international-organizations">International organizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/developing-countries">Developing countries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/academia">Academia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/consortia">Consortia</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/how-get-involved">How to get involved</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1676437549" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/industry">Industry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/government-regulators">Government & regulators</a> </li> <li> <a href="/international-organizations">International organizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/developing-countries">Developing countries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/academia">Academia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/consortia">Consortia</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/how-get-involved">How to get involved</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/news-resources">News & resources<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1992844101" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/news-resources" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">News & resources</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/news-blogs">News and blogs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/press-releases">Press releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subscribe">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/committee-meetings">Committee meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news-resources/reference-material">Reference material</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/facts-figures">Facts & figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resource-area">Resource area</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/basecamp">Basecamp</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1992844101" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/news-blogs">News and blogs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/press-releases">Press releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subscribe">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/committee-meetings">Committee meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news-resources/reference-material">Reference material</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/facts-figures">Facts & figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resource-area">Resource area</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/basecamp">Basecamp</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/programmes-initiatives">Programmes & initiatives<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1261926606" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/programmes-initiatives" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Programmes & initiatives</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/academy">Academy & Capacity Building</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Affiliate Country Programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/young-professionals">Young Professionals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-impact-fund">IEC Global Impact Fund</a> </li> <li> <a href="/women-iec">Women in standardization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-partnerships">Global partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/mentoring-programme">Mentoring programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/online-standards-development">Online standards development (OSD)</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/digital-transformation-hub">Digital transformation</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1261926606" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/academy">Academy & Capacity Building</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Affiliate Country Programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/young-professionals">Young Professionals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-impact-fund">IEC Global Impact Fund</a> </li> <li> <a href="/women-iec">Women in standardization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-partnerships">Global partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/mentoring-programme">Mentoring programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/online-standards-development">Online standards development (OSD)</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/digital-transformation-hub">Digital transformation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/who-we-are">Who we are<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1225722724" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/who-we-are" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Who we are</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/what-we-do">What we do</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-us">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/vision-mission">Vision and Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/national-committees">Our members</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Our affiliates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/leadership">IEC leadership</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/management-structure">Management structure</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1225722724" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/what-we-do">What we do</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-us">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/vision-mission">Vision and Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/national-committees">Our members</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Our affiliates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/leadership">IEC leadership</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/management-structure">Management structure</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="menu menu--top-menu nav"> <li class="first"> <a target="_self" href="https://advsearch.iec.ch/">Advanced search</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://webstore.iec.ch/">Webstore</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://products.iec.ch/">IEC PSP</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://etech.iec.ch/">e-tech</a> </li> <li> <a target="_self" title="Capacity building" href="/academy/online-learning-platform">Online learning</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a title="Contact" href="/contact">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button id="btn_close_iec_modal_menu" type="button" class="iec-modal-menu-close" style="z-index:99999;display:none;"> <span><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span> </button> </div> <section id="block-mobilesearchbutton" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentcc037dbe-d5d6-4df9-8529-be8d286b6933 clearfix" style="position: relative;"> <div class="header-search-container"> <div class="iec-search-header"> <input type="text" class="iec-search-box" placeholder="Search here…" data-search-page-link="/global/search"> <span class="iec-close-icon hidden-xs hidden-sm"><i class="fa fa-times"></i></span> <span class="iec-search-icon"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></span> </div> </div> </section> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="region region-navigation-collapsible"> <a class="visible-xs-block visible-sm-block iec-logo iec-logo-mobile logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/iec/images/iec-logo-mobile.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm iec-logo iec-logo-desktop logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/iec/images/IEC_logo.jpg" alt="Home" /> </a> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-iec-main-menu-menu" id="block-iec-main-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-iec-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="menu menu--main nav navbar-nav"> <li class="expanded dropdown first"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/standards-development">Standards development<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1465757477" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/standards-development" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Standards development</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/understanding-standards">Understanding standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tclist">List of TC/SCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tcfacts">TC/SCs facts and figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/standards-development/technical-committees-tools">TC tools</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/resource-area">TC/SCs resource area</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1465757477" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/understanding-standards">Understanding standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tclist">List of TC/SCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/technical-committees-and-subcommittees#tcfacts">TC/SCs facts and figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/standards-development/technical-committees-tools">TC tools</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/standards-development/resource-area">TC/SCs resource area</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/conformity-assessment">Conformity assessment<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-138941023" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/conformity-assessment" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Conformity assessment</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/what-conformity-assessment">What is conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/types-conformity-assessment">Types of conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/how-global-iec-ca-systems-operate">How the global IEC CA Systems operate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-systems">IEC CA Systems</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-tools">CA tools</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-138941023" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/what-conformity-assessment">What is conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/types-conformity-assessment">Types of conformity assessment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/how-global-iec-ca-systems-operate">How the global IEC CA Systems operate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-systems">IEC CA Systems</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/conformity-assessment/ca-tools">CA tools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown active-trail"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm active-trail" href="/where-we-make-difference">Where we make a difference<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-2026825943" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block active-trail"> <a href="/where-we-make-difference" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Where we make a difference</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/energies">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/sdgs">SDGs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-action">Climate action</a> </li> <li> <a href="/smart-manufacturing">Smart manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/healthcare">Healthcare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cities-communities">Cities and communities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/transportation">Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a title="international standards and conformity assessment for cyber security" href="/cyber-security">Cyber security</a> </li> <li class="active-trail"> <a class="active-trail" href="/digitalization">Digitalization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ai">AI</a> </li> <li> <a href="/biodigital-convergence">Bio-digital convergence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/quantum-technology">Quantum technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/iot">IoT</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/fundamentals">Fundamentals</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-2026825943" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/energies">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/sdgs">SDGs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-action">Climate action</a> </li> <li> <a href="/smart-manufacturing">Smart manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/healthcare">Healthcare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/cities-communities">Cities and communities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/transportation">Transportation</a> </li> <li> <a title="international standards and conformity assessment for cyber security" href="/cyber-security">Cyber security</a> </li> <li class="active-trail"> <a class="active-trail" href="/digitalization">Digitalization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ai">AI</a> </li> <li> <a href="/biodigital-convergence">Bio-digital convergence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/quantum-technology">Quantum technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/iot">IoT</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/fundamentals">Fundamentals</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/who-benefits">Who benefits<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1806581504" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/who-benefits" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Who benefits</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/industry">Industry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/government-regulators">Government & regulators</a> </li> <li> <a href="/international-organizations">International organizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/developing-countries">Developing countries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/academia">Academia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/consortia">Consortia</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/how-get-involved">How to get involved</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1806581504" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/industry">Industry</a> </li> <li> <a href="/government-regulators">Government & regulators</a> </li> <li> <a href="/international-organizations">International organizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/developing-countries">Developing countries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/academia">Academia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/consortia">Consortia</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/how-get-involved">How to get involved</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/news-resources">News & resources<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-1217312457" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/news-resources" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">News & resources</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/news-blogs">News and blogs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/press-releases">Press releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subscribe">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/committee-meetings">Committee meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news-resources/reference-material">Reference material</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/facts-figures">Facts & figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resource-area">Resource area</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/basecamp">Basecamp</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-1217312457" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/news-blogs">News and blogs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/press-releases">Press releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subscribe">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/committee-meetings">Committee meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news-resources/reference-material">Reference material</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/facts-figures">Facts & figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resource-area">Resource area</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/basecamp">Basecamp</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/programmes-initiatives">Programmes & initiatives<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-523279953" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/programmes-initiatives" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Programmes & initiatives</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/academy">Academy & Capacity Building</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Affiliate Country Programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/young-professionals">Young Professionals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-impact-fund">IEC Global Impact Fund</a> </li> <li> <a href="/women-iec">Women in standardization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-partnerships">Global partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/mentoring-programme">Mentoring programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/online-standards-development">Online standards development (OSD)</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/digital-transformation-hub">Digital transformation</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-523279953" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/academy">Academy & Capacity Building</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Affiliate Country Programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/young-professionals">Young Professionals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-impact-fund">IEC Global Impact Fund</a> </li> <li> <a href="/women-iec">Women in standardization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global-partnerships">Global partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/mentoring-programme">Mentoring programme</a> </li> <li> <a href="/online-standards-development">Online standards development (OSD)</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/digital-transformation-hub">Digital transformation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" href="/who-we-are">Who we are<span class="caret"></span></a> <div style="cursor:pointer;" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#expand-604360008" class="collapsed menu-item-lvl-1 visible-xs-block visible-sm-block "> <a href="/who-we-are" class="iec-menu-title-mobile">Who we are</a> <span class="iec-menu-arrow-mobile"></span> </div> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/what-we-do">What we do</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-us">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/vision-mission">Vision and Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/national-committees">Our members</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Our affiliates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/leadership">IEC leadership</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/management-structure">Management structure</a> </li> </ul> <div class="submenu-container visible-xs-block visible-sm-block"> <div id="expand-604360008" class="collapse iec-menu-collapse"> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/what-we-do">What we do</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-us">About us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/what-we-do/vision-mission">Vision and Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/national-committees">Our members</a> </li> <li> <a href="/acp">Our affiliates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/leadership">IEC leadership</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/management-structure">Management structure</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 iec-section-heading" role="heading"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="breadcrumb-wap iec-full-width"> <div class="container"> <ol class="breadcrumb iec-breadcrumb"> <li > <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li > <a href="/where-we-make-difference">Where we make a difference</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-text"> <span>Digitalization</span> </li> <li class="active" class="breadcrumb-text"> <span>Digitalization</span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="col-sm-12"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <article about="/digitalization" class="page full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-overview-header clearfix iec-overview-block iec-full-width with-margin" style="background-image:url(/system/files/styles/original_image/private/2022-04/digitaltransformation_header_0.jpg?itok=_5HKW4p3);"> <div class="iec-overview-block-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="iec-overview-block-text"> <h1 class="text-block-title field--name-field-title condensed">Digitalization</h1> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field--item">The move from an analogue to a digital world is affecting every aspect of our lives. Together with IEC Conformity Assessment Systems, IEC International Standards pave the way for a safe and sustainable move into the all-digital era</div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text without-margin" id="single-element-text-6270"> <div class="text-block-header" style="text-align:left;"> <h2 class="text-block-title condensed" style="font-size:30px;" id="article-header-id-6270-paving-the-way-for-a-more-efficient-world"> Paving the way for a more efficient world </h1> </div> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><strong>Using the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) </strong>technologies enables to drive this digital transformation even further. AI, IoT and VR applications in energy, healthcare, smart manufacturing, transport and other strategic sectors are changing our ways of working and living. </p> <p>The development of AI and the IoT, in addition to virtual environments, relies on specific tools and technologies standardized by the IEC. These include sensor networks, edge and cloud computing, to name but a few.<br> </p> <p><img alt="IECQ logo" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="dd228d19-2440-4fea-8e95-e34f94c58b5a" height="60" src="/system/files/inline-images/IECQ-new-logoTM.png" style="margin-right:15px;" width="70px" class="align-left"></p> <p>Sensors can be certified under <strong>IECQ (IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components)</strong>, one of the four IEC Conformity Assessment Systems. Components like sensors need to be accurate, reliable and of high quality. IECQ provides manufacturers with the assurance that the components they buy from outside suppliers and build into their products meet the required standards in terms of efficiency, durability and overall quality and safety.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text without-margin" id="single-element-text-6272"> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><hr></div> </div> </section> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text without-margin" id="single-element-text-6098"> <div class="text-block-header" style="text-align:left;"> <h2 class="text-block-subtitle condensed" id="article-header-id-6098-a-host-of-iec-technical-committees-develop-standards-which-both-drive-and-enable-digital-transformation-across-a-wide-number-of-applications-they-include"> A host of IEC technical committees develop standards which both drive and enable digital transformation across a wide number of applications. They include: </h2> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c592307d5bc5c1c592307d5e" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-6099"> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul> <li><strong>IEC TC 3</strong>: <em>Documentation, graphical symbols and representations of technical information</em></li> <li><strong>TC 8</strong>: <em>System aspects of electrical energy supply</em></li> <li><strong>TC 13</strong>: <em>Electrical energy measurement and control</em></li> <li><strong>TC 23</strong>: <em>Electrical accessories</em></li> <li><strong>TC 34</strong>: <em>Lighting</em></li> <li><strong>TC 47</strong>: <em>Semiconductor devices</em></li> <li><strong>TC 49</strong>: <em>Piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostatic devices and associated materials for frequency control, selection and detection</em></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c1c592307d5bc5c1c592884874" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-6100"> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul> <li><strong>TC 57</strong>: <em>Power systems management and associated information exchange</em></li> <li><strong>TC 62</strong>: <em>Electrical equipment in medical practice</em></li> <li><strong>TC 65</strong>: <em>Industrial-process measurement, control and automation</em></li> <li><strong>TC 72</strong>: <em>Automatic electrical controls</em></li> <li><strong>TC 86</strong>: <em>Fibre optics</em></li> <li><strong>TC 100</strong>: <em>Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment</em></li> <li><strong>TC 110</strong>: <em>Electronic displays</em></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c1c592307d5bc5c1c592a3d27d" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-6101"> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul> <li><strong>TC 119</strong>: <em>Printed electronics</em></li> <li><strong>TC 129</strong>: <em>Robotics for electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems</em></li> <li><strong>SyC SM</strong>: <em>Smart Manufacturing</em></li> <li><strong>SyC Smart Cities</strong></li> <li><strong>SyC Smart Energy</strong></li> <li><strong>SyC Comm</strong>: <em>Communication Technologies and Architectures</em></li> <li><strong>SyC AAL</strong>: <em>Active Assisted Living</em></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-6062"> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>The joint technical committee between ISO and IEC (<a href="https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:7:::::FSP_ORG_ID:3387" target="_blank">ISO/IEC JTC 1</a>) which prepares worldwide information and communication technology (ICT) standards for business and consumer applications, includes three subcommittees which publish standards in areas driving digital transformation:</p> <p><strong>ISO/IEC JTC 1/ SC 41</strong>: <em>IoT and Digital Twin, </em><strong>ISO/IEC JTC 1/ SC 42</strong>: <em>Artificial intelligence, </em><strong>ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24</strong><em>: Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation</em></p> <p>Several other JTC 1 subcommittees publish standards which enable digital transformation, including <strong>SC 32</strong>: <em>Data management and interchange</em>, <strong>SC 35</strong>: <em>User interfaces</em>, or <strong>SC 38</strong>: <em>Cloud computing and distributed platforms</em>. <br> </p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-block-module-white-gray-space clearfix"> <div class="module-white-gray-space-content iec-bg-color iec-bg-grey"> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="iec-full-width iec-bg-grey"> <div class="container"> <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row iec-fixed-row-bg "> <div data-region="r5c62992368ffcc5c62992368fff" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-module-promote-resource-wrapper block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-promote-resource clearfix"> <div class="module-promote-resource-image"> <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/system/files/styles/original_image/private/2022-05/digital_transformation_cover-1_0.jpg?itok=_bJ6HdW2" alt="digital_transformation_cover-1.jpg"> </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content"> <h3 class="module-promote-resource-content-title">Digital transformation</h3> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-description"> The move from an analogue to a digital world affects every aspect of our economies, industries and personal lives; from resource efficiency to security and data privacy: health and employment; including how we protect the environment and mitigate climate change </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-readmore"> <a class="iec-read-more hvr-icon-forward" href='/basecamp/digital-transformation'> Read more <i class="ion ion-ios-arrow-round-forward hvr-icon"></i> </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c62992368ffcc5c62995b319b5" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-module-promote-resource-wrapper block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-promote-resource clearfix"> <div class="module-promote-resource-image"> <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/system/files/styles/original_image/private/2022-04/iec_cyber_security_cover_0.jpg?itok=wHgwAvax" alt="iec_cyber_security_cover.jpg"> </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content"> <h3 class="module-promote-resource-content-title">Cyber security</h3> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-description"> The aim of any cyber security strategy is to protect as many assets as possible and especially the most important – the “crown jewels” </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-readmore"> <a class="iec-read-more hvr-icon-forward" href='/basecamp/cyber-security'> Read more <i class="ion ion-ios-arrow-round-forward hvr-icon"></i> </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c62992368ffcc5c62996ab6187" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-4 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-module-promote-resource-wrapper block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-promote-resource clearfix"> <div class="module-promote-resource-image"> <img class="b-lazy" data-src="/system/files/styles/original_image/private/2019-09/content/media/image/iec_wp_internet_of_things_en-cover.jpg?itok=yiW3crVb" alt="internet"> </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content"> <h3 class="module-promote-resource-content-title">Internet of Things: Wireless Sensor Networks</h3> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-description"> Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are generating increasing interest from industry and research </div> <div class="module-promote-resource-content-readmore"> <a class="iec-read-more hvr-icon-forward" href='/basecamp/internet-things-wireless-sensor-networks'> Read more <i class="ion ion-ios-arrow-round-forward hvr-icon"></i> </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c5969093f7c5c1c5969093fa" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-12 iec-col "> <section class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-block-module-white-gray-space clearfix"> <div class="module-white-gray-space-content iec-bg-color iec-bg-white"> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-layouts-container custom-12" > <div class="dynamic-layout-row iec-row "> <div data-region="r5c1c55be5f91fc5c1c5eb78860b" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-6 iec-col "> <section class="block block-iec-section-custom block-layout-builder block-inline-blockmodule-single-element-text clearfix single-element-text" id="single-element-text-6071"> <div class="text-block-header" style="text-align:left;"> <h2 class="text-block-title condensed" style="font-size:30px;" id="article-header-id-6071-latest-news"> Latest News </h1> </div> <div class="text-block-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><iframe class="fw-iframe" frameborder="0" height="381px" scrolling="no" src="https://feed.mikle.com/widget/v2/154324/?preloader-text=Loading" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-region="r5c1c55be5f91fc5c1c5eb943a12" class="dynamic-layouts-container-column layout-builder--layout__region col-6 iec-col "> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="footer iec-bg-grey" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div class="iec-full-width iec-footer-container"> <section id="block-footerrow1" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1b332d09-60ef-4f12-869c-ff12d3d1590e clearfix iec-block-footer-row1 container "> <div class="row"> <div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--terminology-block paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12 col-md-6 iec-terminology-block"> <h2 class="iec-block-title">Terminology</h2> <ul class="field field--name-field-terminology-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field--items iec-terminology-list"> <li class="field--item"> <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/">Electropedia</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li class="field--item"> <a href="/news-resources/reference-material#codes"> Abbreviations & acronyms</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--follow-us-block paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12 col-md-6 iec-follow-us"> <h2 class="iec-block-title">Follow us</h2> <ul class="social-media-links--platforms platforms inline horizontal"> <li> <a target="_blank" class="iec-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission" target="_blank" > <span class="fab fa-facebook fa-2x"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" class="iec-twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/IECStandards" target="_blank" > <svg style="width: 36px;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"> <path d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" class="iec-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-electrotechnical-commission-iec-/" target="_blank" > <span class="fab fa-linkedin fa-2x"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" class="iec-pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/iecstandards" target="_blank" > <span class="fab fa-pinterest fa-2x"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" class="iec-youtube_channel" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxGk_S_rnYyFBcTidgny7EA" target="_blank" > <span class="fab fa-youtube fa-2x"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-iec-footer-menu" id="block-iec-footer" class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-iec-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--footer nav"> <li> <a href="/privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40319">Privacy</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="contact">Contact</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li> <a href="/faq" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/947">FAQ</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li> <a href="/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/948">Careers</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li> <a href="/offices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/784">IEC offices</a> <span class="iec-menu-separator">|</span> </li> <li> <a href="/media-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/202204">Media resources</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-copyright" class="block block-block-content block-block-content530ba067-58b0-433f-9667-abe431476fa9 clearfix col-sm-12 col-md-6 block-copyright"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="656a83e8-6507-4ffe-afce-a7209e83c44a" href="/copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright © IEC 2024</a>. All rights reserved.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_5n4UgFJF6mO4Pm13loAF8ji-_Fe9gYSHW0YI72VAa7M.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_mL5Azah04yTvtiYvp8La-MutQr0lEGJ-SgL4XM7K28k.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> <script src="//player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_J1kGqRCVz4jsj90bkXYtYg3tQBxeFY-hIzeCLqiSG8I.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.11.5/js/jquery.dataTables.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/buttons/2.2.2/js/dataTables.buttons.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/rowgroup/1.2.0/js/dataTables.rowGroup.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/buttons/2.2.2/js/buttons.html5.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_dfn5yTYAx_kctyR6o_PZv_YZLu-OlZhHlSHWaa4V2tY.js?scope=footer&delta=9&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.2.6" defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_oyi2weB1cXCz4TqFvUBpsN8lMaJBgbI0bh6SqPIVHBU.js?scope=footer&delta=11&language=en&theme=iec&include=eJyFUgGOAiEM_BAuTyIF6m4VKKHd0_39QdRV77xcQtLpdKBlAE5wdYkhYrPwxJMujb3HZjyEs1Puq9oX7E7yZ4kCF3PkonBB4Yz2BU8X9COVfwWTLJTNzDwndFAgbUpB7E_CEAYX-VLG4E5bn6Nf5RM5ve_JQCn0FnWID3tmMihntrdghANBchkjgUtUzmJ_U90tzGhkE8XcrRAcHeyNxasOkY1trZCme2pwdYH5TNhDromgBLSfSBfxCGtSkzVA1bCA3dEBYqZykNCodks_KRL5ve6ZVbob1Vau_DVed2eUOSlVU6HB3IlFHhM_mWktdfWJZMFo4lYgU3AJNl61q99zd2z9FbFEE7jh46xuWeJ5Gj_tG27I-jU"></script> </body> </html>