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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Pendau</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Umalasa<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Pendau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3940 (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Tomini%E2%80%93Tolitoli_languages" title="Tomini–Tolitoli languages">Tomini–Tolitoli</a> ?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomini languages">Tomini</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Southern Tomini<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Pendau</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ums" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ums">ums</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pend1242">pend1242</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2769">Pendau</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Pendau</b> (Ndaoe, Ndau), or <b>Umalasa</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Celebic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebic language">Celebic language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> spoken by the approximately 4000 <a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Pendau people</a> who live in <a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a>. Classified as an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">endangered language</a>, Pendau is primarily spoken inside of Pendau villages whereas <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> is used to speak with neighboring communities and is the language of children's education and outside officials.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest concentration of speakers is in and around <a href="/wiki/Balaesang" title="Balaesang">Kecamatan Balaesang</a>. There are no known <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> within the Pendau region, although speakers from the mainland can identify whether a speaker is from the Balaesang peninsula through their 'rhythm' or intonation pattern. In recent years, some Pendau leaders have worked with local government to <a href="/wiki/Language_preservation" title="Language preservation">preserve their language</a> alongside Indonesian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200716–17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200716–17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the history of the Pendau has only been recently documented, a history has been pulled together through <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral traditional</a>, historical documents kept by European <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorers</a>, Pendau language developments, and the present situation of the Pendau. In contrast to neighboring groups, older Pendau men hold that the Pendau have never had a king and view themselves as having no class distinctions, although hierarchical roles did exist in <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">conflict resolution</a>. The earliest document about the Pendau comes from 1795, when an American crew led by Captain David Woodward was found stranded off the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>. Between 1925-1935, Dutch-trained Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelists</a> began to arrive, and many of the Pendau today are <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">registered as Christians by the government</a> and practice Christianity (although many features of <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> are <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">still practiced</a>). During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupied Indonesia</a>. Some Pendau still recite Japanese phrases and songs, although there are mixed opinions about the occupation with the occupation described as a difficult time by many who remember it. In recent history, many Pendau have made their living in <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">metalsmithing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sago" title="Sago">sago making</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick20071-5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick20071-5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pendau often live in small, often isolated communities in <a href="/wiki/Donggala_Regency" title="Donggala Regency">Donggala</a> between <a href="/wiki/Balaesang" title="Balaesang">Balaesang</a> and <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampal_Utara,_Tolitoli" class="extiw" title="id:Dampal Utara, Tolitoli">Dampal Utara</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Balaesang" title="Balaesang">Balaesang</a> Peninsula forms its own mountain range that runs north and south, splitting the east and west coast. Most of the Pendau happen to live along the west coast. The <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenja,_Donggala" class="extiw" title="id:Sirenja, Donggala">Sirenja sub-district</a> is considered the southernmost boundary of the Pendau-speaking area.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendau has five vowel phonemes: two front vowels, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>, one central vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>, and two back vowels, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɯ/</span> (orthographic <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span>) and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span>. Most vowels are <a href="/wiki/Unrounded" class="mw-redirect" title="Unrounded">unrounded</a> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> is the only rounded vowel in Pendau. Pendau has no <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/High_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High vowel">High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Low_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="W-glide_formation">W-glide formation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: W-glide formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high back unrounded vowel (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>) changes to a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labio-velar approximant">labial-velar glide</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>) when it comes before a syllable with no consonant in the <a href="/wiki/Onset_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onset (linguistics)">onset position</a>. When this happens, the labial-velar glide takes the place of the onset consonant, reducing the number of would-be syllables.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of w-glide formation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel to Consonant Change and Syllable reduction </th> <th>Phonetic transcription </th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>u.a.ni → wa.ni </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[wan̪i]</span> </td> <td>'honey bee' </td></tr> <tr> <td>ta.u.a.san → ta.wa.san </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪aws̪an]</span> </td> <td>'unicorn fish' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendau has 19 <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant phonemes</a>, although <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> (which is not an underlying phoneme) appears in its <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">written orthography</a>. There are five contrastive <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">places of articulation</a> and six contrastive <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manners of articulation</a>. There are two <a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">affricates</a> in Pendau, the voiceless dental sibilant affricate (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t̪ʃ/</span>) and the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʒ/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">Dental-Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveo-Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">t̪ʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨'⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">Liquid</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental trill">r̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allophones">Allophones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allophones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In word-final positions, voiceless plosives are pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Unreleased_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Unreleased stop">unreleased</a> <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a>: <i>e.g.</i> the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[api]</span> becomes a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p̚]</span> in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aɭap̚]</span>. Other allophones in Pendau include the voiced dental nasal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̪]</span> becoming the syllabic dental <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̩]</span> and the voiced velar nasal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> becoming the syllabic velar nasal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ̩]</span> before a <a href="/wiki/Homorganic_consonant" title="Homorganic consonant">homorganic</a> <a href="/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent">obstruent</a> such as in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̩<i>d</i>au]</span> and in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ̩<i>k</i>a:t̪̚]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of Allophones </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p̚/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200723_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200723-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">a<b>p</b>i</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[api]</span> </td> <td>'fire' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ala<b>p</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aɭap̚]</span> </td> <td>'take' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t̪/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t̪̚/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200723_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200723-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>t</b>in<b>t</b>ing</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪int̪iŋ]</span> </td> <td>'time' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">udu<b>t</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[udut̪̚]</span> </td> <td>'server' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k̚/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200724_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200724-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>k</b>areva</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kareβa]</span> </td> <td>'news' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">tandu<b>k</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪anduk̚]</span> </td> <td>'horn' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n̪/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n̩/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200726_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200726-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>n</b>abo</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̪aboʔ]</span> </td> <td>'roof' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>n</b>dau</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̩dau]</span> </td> <td>'no' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ̩/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200726_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200726-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>n</b>yaa</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋa:]</span> </td> <td>'don't' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>n</b>gkaat</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ̩ka:t̪̚]</span> </td> <td>'small flame' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creaky_voice">Creaky voice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Creaky voice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The glottal stop (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span>) is sometimes realized as <a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">creaky voice</a>. It has been observed that "in place of a true stop, a very compressed form of creaky voice or some less extreme form of stiff phonation may be superimposed on the vocalic stream."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_25,_47–50_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_25,_47–50-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creaky voice manifests on one or more of the contiguous vowels where the glottal stop would have been. For example, creaky voice is written with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[V̰]</span> in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[riV̰uo]</span>, where creaky voice appears between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> as one vowel transitions into the next vowel. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of Creaky Voice </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ri'uo</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200725_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200725-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[riV̰uo]</span> </td> <td>'in/by/at there' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">so'uya</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200725_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200725-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ums-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s̪oV̰uja]</span> </td> <td>'why' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllable_structure">Syllable structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Syllable structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The syllabic template in Pendau is (C)V(C). Pendau is one of the few Sulawesi languages with a full system of final consonants (e.g. the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili languages</a> only allow CV and V, while demonstrated syllable patterns in Pendau include VC and CVC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200728–30_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200728–30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Template </th> <th>Instantiation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>V </td> <td>n.da.<b>u</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200739_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200739-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'no' </td></tr> <tr> <td>CV </td> <td><b>wa</b>.<b>ni</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'honeybee' </td></tr> <tr> <td>VC </td> <td>to.nang.la.<b>it</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200751_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200751-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'the crippled one' </td></tr> <tr> <td>CVC </td> <td>wa.<b>lan</b>.da.no<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200769_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200769-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'Walandano (village)' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the above example, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> in <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ndau</i></span> behaves as a <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">syllabic consonant</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Consonant distribution in the syllable </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>p</th> <th>t</th> <th>c</th> <th>k</th> <th>b</th> <th>d</th> <th>j</th> <th>g</th> <th>m</th> <th>n</th> <th>ny</th> <th>ng</th> <th>v</th> <th>s</th> <th>h</th> <th>'</th> <th>l</th> <th>r</th> <th>y </th></tr> <tr> <th>Onset </th> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>+</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X </td></tr> <tr> <th>Coda </th> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>-</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>-</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>-</td> <td>X</td> <td>-</td> <td>X</td> <td>-</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the table above, X means that the consonant can occupy the respective position in the syllable and + means that it is a marginal phoneme. In Pendau, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> is the sole <a href="/wiki/Marginal_phoneme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal phoneme">marginal phoneme</a>, and it is hypothesized to be borrowed from Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loan words</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stress">Stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">Stress</a> always falls on the penultimate <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a> and is unmarked. Words in Pendau require at least two syllables, which reflects this stress pattern. Some have described this process as "<a href="/wiki/Pitch-accent_language" title="Pitch-accent language">pitch accent</a>" because the change in stress is accompanied by a change in pitch (as measured in Hz). However, Phil Quick, author of <i>A Grammar of the Pendau Language</i>, states that "the use of 'pitch accent' should not be confused with languages such as Japanese in which 'pitch accent' is a term used to indicate a lexical contrast similar to tone language ... So technically then there are two types of pitch-accent languages, those such as Japanese where pitch-accent is phonemic, and those such as Pendau where pitch-accent is non-phonemic."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722,_42–46_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722,_42–46-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendau uses <a href="/wiki/Affixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Affixation">affixation</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infix" title="Infix">infixes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a>) and has seven <a href="/wiki/Verb_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb class">verb classes</a> which are categorized as <a href="/wiki/Transitive_verb" title="Transitive verb">transitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intransitive_verb" title="Intransitive verb">intransitive</a>, or mixed transitivity. Pendau shows extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">clitics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a>, and limited <a href="/wiki/Agreement_(linguistics)" title="Agreement (linguistics)">subject agreement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affixation">Affixation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Affixation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of Affixation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Prefixation </th></tr> <tr> <td>mong- </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>mong</b>kumung</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'carry' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Infixation </th></tr> <tr> <td>-um- </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">mol<b>um</b>olon</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'swim' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Suffixation </th></tr> <tr> <td>-a' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nioll<b>a'</b></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'brought for someone' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verb_classes">Verb classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Verb classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a table that lists all the verb classes in Pendau. All canonical verbs (besides stative verbs) require that the verb is prefixed with either the <a href="/wiki/Irrealis_mood" title="Irrealis mood">irrealis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Realis_mood" title="Realis mood">realis</a> mood. The subscripts A and P refers to whether the subject is the <a href="/wiki/Agent_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent (linguistics)">agent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patient_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient (linguistics)">patient</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Overview of Pendau verb classes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Transitivity </th> <th>Verb Classes </th> <th>Examples </th> <th>Stem former (prefix) </th> <th>Pivot / subject </th> <th>Irrealis / realis (prefix) </th> <th>Inverse (non-derived) </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">TRANSITIVE </th> <th>Primary </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nongkomung</i></span><br />'to carry' </td> <td>pong-(pepe-) </td> <td>A </td> <td rowspan="5">M- / N- </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ni'omung</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Factive </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nogabu</i></span><br />'to cook' </td> <td>po- </td> <td>A </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nipogabu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">MIXED TRANSITIVITY </th> <th>Dynamic </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nelolo</i></span><br />'to search' </td> <td>pe- </td> <td>A~S<sub>A</sub> </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nilolo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Denominal </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nojala</i></span><br />'to net' </td> <td>po- </td> <td>A~S<sub>A</sub> </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nijala</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locomotion </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nol[um]olon</i></span><br />'to swim' </td> <td>po- </td> <td>A~S<sub>A</sub> </td> <td>-- </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">INTRANSITIVE </th> <th>Postural </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">nopotundo</i></span><br />'to sit' </td> <td>popo- </td> <td>S<sub>A</sub> </td> <td> </td> <td>-- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stative </th> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">notou</i></span><br />'to be finished' </td> <td>-- </td> <td>S<sub>P</sub> </td> <td>mo-no- </td> <td>-- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007228_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007228-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clitics">Clitics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Clitics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendau uses clitics show possession (genitive case), completion, continuation, relative clauses, and location. Clitics are <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonologically</a> part of the word (<i>e.g.</i>, a word with a clitic adheres to the stress patterns as if the whole unit were one word), but syntactically functions as their own grammatical word.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of clitics </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><i>='u</i> </td> <td>first personal singular (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>=to</i> </td> <td>first person plural inclusive (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>=mu</i> </td> <td>second person singular (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>=nyo</i> </td> <td>third person singular (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>=mo</i> </td> <td>completive aspect </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>=po</i> </td> <td>continuative </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>si=</i> </td> <td>proper noun marker (absolute) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ni=</i> </td> <td>poroper noun marker (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>nu=</i> </td> <td>common noun marker (genitive) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>to=</i> </td> <td>relative clause marker </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ri=</i> </td> <td>general locative oblique </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduplication">Reduplication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reduplication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reduplication in Pendau is classified as either <a href="/wiki/Affixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Affixation">affixation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compounding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both full and partial reduplication are present in Pendau. Partial reduplication sometimes works in tandem with prefixation, as the prefix itself may be added and reduplicated instead of the reduplicating the base (see <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">seseleo</i></span> below). Reduplication is used for showing <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">grammatical number</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nominalization" title="Nominalization">nominalization</a>, and emphasis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007162–165_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007162–165-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of reduplication </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Grammatical Number<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007163_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007163-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">unga</i></span> </td> <td>'child' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">unga-unga</i></span> </td> <td>'children' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">odo</i></span> </td> <td>'monkey' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">odo-odo</i></span> </td> <td>'monkeys' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">sapa</i></span> </td> <td>'what' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">sapa-sapa</i></span> </td> <td>'whatever' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Nominalization<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007164–165_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007164–165-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">tinjo'</i></span> </td> <td>'plant w/ stick' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">titinjo'</i></span> </td> <td>'planting stick, post, pole' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">pangki</i></span> </td> <td>'hit, pound' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">papangki</i></span> </td> <td>'sago pounder' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Emphasis<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007165_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007165-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">eleo</i></span> </td> <td>'day' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>sese</b>leo</i></span> </td> <td>'every day' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>so</b>uya</i></span> </td> <td>'how many?' </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums"><b>soso</b>uya</i></span> </td> <td>'several' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agreement">Agreement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subject agreement only occurs with two abilitative verbs (<i>i.e.</i>, verbs that show the ability of doing the action): <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ma'ule</i></span> 'able' and <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">matua</i></span> 'capable.' These verbs themselves are prefixed with either the irrealis or realis mood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718–476_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718–476-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Irrealis </th> <th>Realis </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">matua</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">natua</i></span> </td> <td>'able' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ma'ule</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">na'ule</i></span> </td> <td>'capable' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The examples below show <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">matua</i></span> with first person subject agreement. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">A’u</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></b>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="absolutive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ABS</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">matua'u</p><p style="margin: 0px;">capable/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="irrealis mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">IRR</abbr>=<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></b>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mengkani</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="irrealis mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">IRR</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="augmentative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AUG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="dynamic aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DYN</abbr>-eat</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bau</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">A’u matua'u mengkani bau</p><p style="display: none;"><b>1SG</b>/ABS capable/IRR=<b>1SG</b>/GEN IRR-AUG/DYN-eat fish</p><p style="clear: left;">'I am capable of eating fish'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_word_order">Basic word order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Basic word order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">basic word order</a> in Pendau is <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">SVO</a> or <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">VOS</a>, with the former being more common. Verbal prefixes show what the semantic role is of the argument in the subject position (<a href="/wiki/Agent_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent (linguistics)">agent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patient_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient (linguistics)">patient</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_569_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_569-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Siama’u</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proper noun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PR</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="absolutive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ABS</abbr>=Father=<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nonuju</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="realis mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">REAL</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="augmentative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AUG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr>=send</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">siina’u</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proper noun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PR</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="absolutive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ABS</abbr>=mother=<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">Siama’u nonuju siina’u</p><p style="display: none;">PR/ABS=Father=1SG/GEN REAL-AUG/TR=send PR/ABS=mother=1SG/GEN</p><p style="clear: left;">'MY FATHER sent my mother'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Siama’u</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proper noun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PR</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="absolutive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ABS</abbr>=Father=<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nituju</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="inverse" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INV</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="realis mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">REAL</abbr>-send</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">niina’u</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proper noun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PR</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr>=mother=<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">Siama’u nituju niina’u</p><p style="display: none;">PR/ABS=Father=1SG/GEN INV/REAL-send PR/GEN=mother=1SG/GEN</p><p style="clear: left;">'My mother sent MY FATHER'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inverse_voice">Inverse voice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Inverse voice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inverse voice (VOS) can only be used with transitive verbs, and all transitive verbs can be inflected for the inverse voice. Intransitive verbs need to become transitive verbs through derivation before they can be in the inverse voice. Otherwise, the word order in Pendau (and the word order for all intransitive sentences) is SVO.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007227_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007227-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prepositions">Prepositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Prepositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendau is a <a href="/wiki/Prepositional" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepositional">prepositional language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200720_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200720-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three prepositions: <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ila</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative noun marker</a>), <i>ri=</i> (<a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative noun phrase marker</a>), and <span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">sono</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Comitative_case" title="Comitative case">comitative noun phrase marker</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007113_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007113-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preposed markers can be both independent words and <a href="/wiki/Proclitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclitic">proclitics</a>. </p><p><b>Preposition (<span title="Pendau-language text"><i lang="ums">ila</i></span>) functioning as an independent word</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ila</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="ablative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ABL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">junjung</p><p style="margin: 0px;">house</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007214_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007214-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">Ila junjung</p><p style="display: none;">ABL house</p><p style="clear: left;">'From the house'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><b>Preposition (<i>ri=</i>) functioning as a proclitic</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nenburamo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="realis mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">REAL</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="augmentative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AUG</abbr>-speak=<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="completive aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">COMPL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">panganganta</p><p style="margin: 0px;">flesh-eater</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">uo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">yonder</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sono</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="comitative case ('together with')" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">COM</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ums" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">riLatoadu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="locative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LOC</abbr>=Latoadu</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007122_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007122-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">Nenburamo panganganta uo sono riLatoadu</p><p style="display: none;">REAL-AUG-speak=COMPL flesh-eater yonder COM LOC=Latoadu</p><p style="clear: left;">'The flesh-eater spoke to Latoadu'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition to these variants, "Kasimbar" and "Umalasa" are <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponyms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> used to refer to Pendau. "Kasimbar" comes from an important trading town in the language area, according to Quick. Ethnologue lists "Umalasa" as an <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">slur</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Buginese</a>. "Umalasa" translates as "the sick ones."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ums">"Pendau"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Pendau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 113">: 113 </span></sup>Pendau is listed as a 6b* (Threatened) by Ethnologue. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ums">"Pendau"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Pendau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200716–17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200716–17_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick20071-5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick20071-5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 1-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2769">"Did you know Pendau is threatened?"</a>. <i>Endangered Languages</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Languages&rft.atitle=Did+you+know+Pendau+is+threatened%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.endangeredlanguages.com%2Flang%2F2769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722–27_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 22–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200727,_68–69_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 27, 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200723-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200723_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200723_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200724-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200724_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200726-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200726_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200726_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_25,_47–50-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_25,_47–50_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 19, 25, 47–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200725-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200725_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200725_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200728–30-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200728–30_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200739-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200739_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200751-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200751_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200769-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200769_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200722,_42–46-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200722,_42–46_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 22, 42–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200798-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200798_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007228-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007228_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007162–165-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007162–165_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 162–165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007163-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007163_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007164–165-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007164–165_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 164–165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007165-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007165_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718–476-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718–476_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 18–476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200718,_476_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 18, 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_569-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200719,_569_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, pp. 19, 569.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007124_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007227-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007227_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick200720-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick200720_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007113-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007113_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007214-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007214_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2007122-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2007122_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuick2007">Quick 2007</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendau_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuick2007" class="citation book cs1">Quick, Phil (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/28970/2/01_Quick_A_grammar_of_the_Pendau_2008.pdf"><i>A grammar of the Pendau language of central Sulawesi, Indonesia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pacific Linguistics 590. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F28970">1885/28970</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780858835818" title="Special:BookSources/9780858835818"><bdi>9780858835818</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/314374225">314374225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grammar+of+the+Pendau+language+of+central+Sulawesi%2C+Indonesia&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Pacific+Linguistics+590&rft.pub=Pacific+Linguistics&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F28970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F314374225&rft.isbn=9780858835818&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F28970%2F2%2F01_Quick_A_grammar_of_the_Pendau_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendau+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muna%E2%80%93Buton_languages" title="Muna–Buton languages">Muna–Buton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saluan%E2%80%93Banggai_languages" title="Saluan–Banggai languages">Saluan–Banggai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tomini%E2%80%93Tolitoli_languages" title="Tomini–Tolitoli languages">Tomini–Tolitoli</a> *</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kaili–Wolio *</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaili%E2%80%93Pamona_languages" title="Kaili–Pamona languages">Kaili–Pamona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wotu%E2%80%93Wolio_languages" title="Wotu–Wolio languages">Wotu–Wolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledo_Kaili_language" title="Ledo Kaili language">Ledo Kaili</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates proposed status</li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li> <li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template talk:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages#Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Sundanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bantenese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantenese language">Bantenese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Madurese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Malayo-Chamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chamic_languages" title="Chamic languages">Chamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chru_language" title="Chru language">Chru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroi_language" title="Haroi language">Haroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_language" title="Jarai language">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_language" title="Rade language">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roglai_language" title="Roglai language">Roglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Utsat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Brunei/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berau Malay language">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutai Malay">Kutai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> (Yawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Orang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bali%E2%80%93Sasak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali–Sasak languages">Bali–Sasak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batak" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Batak Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Batak Dairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Batak Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Batak Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Batak Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lampung Api</li> <li>Lampung Nyo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badaic language">Badaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa (Sulawesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="Moken language">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan dialect (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataraman_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataraman dialect (page does not exist)">Mataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedu dialect (page does not exist)">Kedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian</a><br />(over 700 languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">South Halmahera–West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Central Malayo-Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(linguistics)" title="Linkage (linguistics)">linkages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei%E2%80%93Tanimbar_languages" title="Kei–Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor–Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoric_languages" title="Timoric languages">Timoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Western Malayo-Polynesian languages">Western Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></span></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_slang" title="Indonesian slang">Slang</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakongan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakongan language (page does not exist)">Bakongan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Anambas-Natuna Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacan_Malay" title="Bacan Malay">Bacan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bali_Aga_Balinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bali Aga Balinese (page does not exist)">Bali Aga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Penida_Balinese" title="Nusa Penida Balinese">Nusa Penida</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarese_language" title="Banjarese language">Banjarese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batubara_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batubara Malay (page does not exist)">Batubara Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belitung_Malay" title="Belitung Malay">Belitung Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay" title="Berau Malay">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Besemah_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besemah language (page does not exist)">Besemah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit language (page does not exist)">Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col/Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deli_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deli Malay (page does not exist)">Deli Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Enim language">Enim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Jaring Halus Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapuas_Hulu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapuas Hulu Malay (page does not exist)">Kapuas Hulu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayong_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayong Malay (page does not exist)">Kayong Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketapang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketapang Malay (page does not exist)">Ketapang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotawaringin_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotawaringin Malay (page does not exist)">Kotawaringin Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kualuh_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kualuh Malay (page does not exist)">Kualuh Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutainese_language" title="Kutainese language">Kutainese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota_Bangun_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota Bangun Kutainese (page does not exist)">Kota Bangun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenggarong_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenggarong Kutainese (page does not exist)">Tenggarong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landak Malay (page does not exist)">Landak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langkat_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langkat Malay (page does not exist)">Langkat Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Loncong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bawean_language" title="Bawean language">Bawean</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapudi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapudi language (page does not exist)">Sapudi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampar language (page does not exist)">Kampar</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuantan_language_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuantan language (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Kuantan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melawi_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melawi Malay (page does not exist)">Melawi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mempawah_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mempawah Malay (page does not exist)">Mempawah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lematang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lematang language">Lematang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Penesak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Penesak language">Penesak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penukal_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penukal language (page does not exist)">Penukal</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rawas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawas language">Rawas</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogan language">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palu Malay (page does not exist)">Palu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panai_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panai Malay (page does not exist)">Panai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Malay" title="Pontianak Malay">Pontianak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Malay">Riau Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_Riau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal Riau Malay (page does not exist)">Coastal Riau</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangaraian_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangaraian Malay (page does not exist)">Pangaraian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rokan_Hilir_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rokan Hilir Malay (page does not exist)">Rokan Hilir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siak Malay (page does not exist)">Siak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembilahan_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembilahan Malay (page does not exist)">Tembilahan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambas_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambas Malay (page does not exist)">Sambas Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanggau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanggau Malay (page does not exist)">Sanggau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekadau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekadau Malay (page does not exist)">Sekadau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serdang Malay (page does not exist)">Serdang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semende_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semende language (page does not exist)">Semende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintang Malay (page does not exist)">Sintang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banten_Sundanese" title="Banten Sundanese">Bantenese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Brebes_Sundanese" title="Brebes Sundanese">Brebes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Priangan_Sundanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Priangan Sundanese">Priangan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiang_Malay" title="Tamiang Malay">Tamiang Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanesic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Javanese <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan Javanese (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cirebonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirebonese language">Cirebonese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indramayu_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indramayu Javanese (page does not exist)">Indramayu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serang_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serang Javanese (page does not exist)">Serang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bada_language" title="Bada language">Bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behoa_language" title="Behoa language">Behoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napu_language" title="Napu language">Napu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayuagung_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayuagung language (page does not exist)">Kayuagung</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Angkola</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Dairi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Karo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Simalungun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Toba</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampanang_language" title="Ampanang language">Ampanang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumpai_language" title="Bakumpai language">Bakumpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaw_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajaw language">Bajaw </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyah_language" title="Deyah language">Deyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohin_language" title="Kohin language">Kohin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawangan_language" title="Lawangan language">Lawangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'anyan language">Ma'anyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Malang_language" title="Dusun Malang language">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaju_language" title="Ngaju language">Ngaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_language" title="Ot Danum language">Ot Danum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siang_language" title="Siang language">Ot Siang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjung_language" title="Tunjung language">Tunjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Witu_language" title="Dusun Witu language">Witu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paku_language_(Indonesia)" title="Paku language (Indonesia)">Pakau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayan%E2%80%93Murik_languages" title="Kayan–Murik languages">Kayan–Murik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoheng_language" title="Aoheng language">Aoheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aput_language" title="Aput language">Aput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_language" title="Bahau language">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovongan_language" title="Hovongan language">Hovongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_language_(Borneo)" title="Kayan language (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krio_Dayak_language" title="Krio Dayak language">Krio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modang_language" title="Modang language">Modang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merah_language" title="Punan Merah language">Punan Merah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segai_language" title="Segai language">Segai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakati%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakati’ language">Bakati’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biatah_language" title="Biatah language">Biatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar_Sadong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukar Sadong language">Bukar Sadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangkang_language" title="Jangkang language">Jangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembayan_language" title="Kembayan language">Kembayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara%CA%BC_language" title="Laraʼ language">Laraʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyadu%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyadu’ language">Nyadu’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejangese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejangese language">Rejangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribun_language" title="Ribun language">Ribun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggau_language" title="Sanggau language">Sanggau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Bakati%27_language" title="Sara Bakati' language">Sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semandang_language" title="Semandang language">Semandang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beginci_language" title="Beginci language">Beginci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerai_language" title="Gerai language">Gerai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringgus_language" title="Tringgus language">Tringgus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages#North_Bornean" title="Greater North Borneo languages">North Bornean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah-Biau_Punan_language" title="Bah-Biau Punan language">Bah-Biau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basap_language" title="Basap language">Basap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukat_language" title="Bukat language">Bukat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_language" title="Bukitan language">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_language" title="Kelabit language">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_languages" title="Kenyah languages">Kenyah</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Kenyah_language" title="Mainstream Kenyah language">Mainstream</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengilu_language" title="Lengilu language">Lengilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang_language" title="Lun Bawang language">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murutic_languages" title="Murutic languages">Murut</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Okolod_language" title="Okolod language">Okolod</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Selungai_Murut_language" title="Selungai Murut language">Selungai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sembakung_language" title="Sembakung language">Sembakung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tagol_language" title="Tagol language">Tagol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merap_language" title="Punan Merap language">Punan Merap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Tubu_language" title="Punan Tubu language">Punan Tubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ban language">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajau_Basap_language" title="Sajau Basap language">Sajau</a></li> <li>Tidung <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Burusu_language" title="Burusu language">Burusu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_language" title="Kalabakan language">Kalabakan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nonukan_Tidong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonukan Tidong language">Nonukan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo-Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontaloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central–Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakai_language" title="Barakai language">Barakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuley_language" title="Batuley language">Batuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobel_language" title="Dobel language">Dobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karey_language" title="Karey language">Karey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba_language" title="Koba language">Koba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_language" title="Kola language">Kola-Kompane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_language" title="Lola language">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorang_language" title="Lorang language">Lorang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manombai_language" title="Manombai language">Manombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariri_language" title="Mariri language">Mariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarangan_language" title="Tarangan language">Tarangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujir_language" title="Ujir language">Ujir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alune_language" title="Alune language">Alune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amahai_language" title="Amahai language">Amahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambelau_language" title="Ambelau language">Ambelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilulu_language" title="Asilulu language">Asilulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_language_(Maluku)" title="Banda language (Maluku)">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bati_language_(Indonesia)" title="Bati language (Indonesia)">Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benggoi_language" title="Benggoi language">Benggoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Maluku)" title="Boano language (Maluku)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobot_language" title="Bobot language">Bobot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru_language" title="Buru language">Buru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geser_language" title="Geser language">Geser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruku_language" title="Haruku language">Haruku</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulaliu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulaliu language (page does not exist)">Hulaliu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kailolo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kailolo language (page does not exist)">Kailolo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelauw language (page does not exist)">Pelauw</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohomoni-Kabauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohomoni-Kabauw language (page does not exist)">Rohomoni-Kabauw</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitu_language" title="Hitu language">Hitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoti_language" title="Hoti language">Hoti</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaulu_language" title="Huaulu language">Huaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulung_language" title="Hulung language">Hulung</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaibobo_language" title="Kaibobo language">Kaibobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarian_language" title="Kamarian language">Kamarian</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayeli_language" title="Kayeli language">Kayeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_language_(Indonesia)" title="Laha language (Indonesia)">Laha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakasihu_language" title="Wakasihu language">Larike-Wakasihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latu_language" title="Latu language">Latu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liana-Seti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Liana-Seti language">Liana-Seti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisabata-Nuniali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisabata-Nuniali language">Lisabata-Nuniali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisela_language" title="Lisela language">Lisela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loun_language" title="Loun language">Loun</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhu_language" title="Luhu language">Luhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangole_language" title="Mangole language">Mangole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipa_language" title="Manipa language">Manipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manusela_language" title="Manusela language">Manusela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiwang_language" title="Masiwang language">Masiwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naka%27ela_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naka'ela language">Naka'ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaulu_language" title="Nuaulu language">Nuaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Laut_language" title="Nusa Laut language">Nusa Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulohi_language" title="Paulohi language">Paulohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salas_language" title="Salas language">Salas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleman_language" title="Saleman language">Saleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparua_language" title="Saparua language">Saparua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seit-Kaitetu_language" title="Seit-Kaitetu language">Seit-Kaitetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepa-Teluti_language" title="Sepa-Teluti language">Sepa-Teluti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_language" title="Sula language">Sula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliabo_language" title="Taliabo language">Taliabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor-Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulehu_language" title="Tulehu language">Tulehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watubela_language" title="Watubela language">Watubela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemale_language" title="Wemale language">Wemale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalahatan_language" title="Yalahatan language">Yalahatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flores%E2%80%93Lembata_languages" title="Flores–Lembata languages">Flores–Lembata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alorese_language" title="Alorese language">Alorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedang_language" title="Kedang language">Kedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamaholot_language" title="Lamaholot language">Lamaholot</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Adonara_language" title="Adonara language">Adonara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ile_Ape_language" title="Ile Ape language">Ile Ape</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamalera_language" title="Lamalera language">Lamalera</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamatuka_language" title="Lamatuka language">Lamatuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Levuka_language" title="Levuka language">Levuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lewo_Eleng_language" title="Lewo Eleng language">Lewo Eleng</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <a href="/wiki/Lewotobi_language" title="Lewotobi language">Lewotobi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lembata language">South Lembata</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/West_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Lembata language">West Lembata</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sika language">Sika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">Halmahera-<br />Cenderawasih</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambai_language" title="Ambai language">Ambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambel_language" title="Ambel language">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansus_language" title="Ansus language">Ansus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arguni_language" title="Arguni language">Arguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_language" title="As language">As</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedoanas_language" title="Bedoanas language">Bedoanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biak_language" title="Biak language">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_language" title="Biga language">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Indonesia)" title="Buli language (Indonesia)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busami_language" title="Busami language">Busami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusner_language" title="Dusner language">Dusner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erokwanas_language" title="Erokwanas language">Erokwanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gane_language" title="Gane language">Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Irarutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iresim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iresim language">Iresim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuri_language_(Austronesian)" title="Kuri language (Austronesian)">Kuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurudu_language" title="Kurudu language">Kurudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language_(Indonesia)" title="Maba language (Indonesia)">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maden_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden language">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbat_language" title="Matbat language">Matbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ya language">Ma'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggui_language" title="Munggui language">Munggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_language" title="Marau language">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meoswar_language" title="Meoswar language">Meoswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Austronesian)" title="Mor language (Austronesian)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuma_language" title="Papuma language">Papuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_language" title="Patani language">Patani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_language" title="Pom language">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roon_language" title="Roon language">Roon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_language" title="Sawai language">Sawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serui-Laut_language" title="Serui-Laut language">Serui-Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_language" title="Taba language">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandia_language" title="Tandia language">Tandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabo_language" title="Wabo language">Wabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamesa_language" title="Wamesa language">Wamesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandamen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandamen language">Wandamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woi_language" title="Woi language">Woi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_language" title="Yaur language">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeretuar_language" title="Yeretuar language">Yeretuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeresiam_language" title="Yeresiam language">Yeresiam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kei-Tanimbar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kei-Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fordata_language" title="Fordata language">Fordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_language" title="Kei language">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekar_language" title="Sekar language">Sekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruangnirin_language" title="Uruangnirin language">Uruangnirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamdena_language" title="Yamdena language">Yamdena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_language" title="Selaru language">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seluwasan_language" title="Seluwasan language">Seluwasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakalangu_language" title="Anakalangu language">Anakalangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliledo_language" title="Baliledo language">Baliledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhao_language" title="Dhao language">Dhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaura language">Gaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawu_language" title="Hawu language">Hawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambera_language" title="Kambera language">Kambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9o_language" title="Kéo language">Kéo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_language" title="Kodi language">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komodo_language" title="Komodo language">Komodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamboya_language" title="Lamboya language">Lamboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lio_language" title="Lio language">Lio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamboru_language" title="Mamboru language">Mamboru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manggarainese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manggarainese language">Manggarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nage language">Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadha_language" title="Ngadha language">Ngadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu%27e_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Palu'e language">Palu'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondok_language" title="Pondok language">Pondok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajong_language" title="Rajong language">Rajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembong_language" title="Rembong language">Rembong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riung_language" title="Riung language">Riung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongga_language" title="Rongga language">Rongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="So'a language">So'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepo%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepo' language">Kepo'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wae_Rana_language" title="Wae Rana language">Wae Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanukaka_language" title="Wanukaka language">Wanukaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejewa_language" title="Wejewa language">Wejewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Babar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor–Babar languages">Timor–Babar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarasi_language" title="Amarasi language">Amarasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekais_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekais language">Bekais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilba_language" title="Bilba language">Bilba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dai language (Austronesian)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawera-Daweloor_language" title="Dawera-Daweloor language">Dawera-Daweloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dela-Oenale_language" title="Dela-Oenale language">Dela-Oenale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengka_language" title="Dengka language">Dengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Damar_language" title="East Damar language">East Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emplawas_language" title="Emplawas language">Emplawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoli_language" title="Galoli language">Galoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong_language" title="Helong language">Helong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imroing_language" title="Imroing language">Imroing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemak_language" title="Kemak language">Kemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisar_language" title="Kisar language">Kisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_language" title="Leti language">Leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lole_language" title="Lole language">Lole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luang_language" title="Luang language">Luang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masela_language" title="Masela language">Masela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_language" title="Nila language">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Babar_language" title="North Babar language">North Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringgou_language" title="Ringgou language">Ringgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romang_language" title="Romang language">Romang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serili_language" title="Serili language">Serili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serua_language" title="Serua language">Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Babar_language" title="Southeast Babar language">Southeast Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tela%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tela'a language">Tela'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termanu_language" title="Termanu language">Termanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%27un_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Te'un language">Te'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tii_language" title="Tii language">Tii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uab_Meto_language" title="Uab Meto language">Uab Meto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaun_language" title="Welaun language">Welaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetarese_language" title="Wetarese language">Wetar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anus_language" title="Anus language">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggo_language" title="Bonggo language">Bonggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayupulau_language" title="Kayupulau language">Kayupulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liki_language" title="Liki language">Liki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimasi_language" title="Masimasi language">Masimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormu_language" title="Ormu language">Ormu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podena_language" title="Podena language">Podena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Kaptiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobei_language" title="Sobei language">Sobei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpia_language" title="Tarpia language">Tarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakde_language" title="Wakde language">Wakde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamna_language" title="Yamna language">Yamna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Papuan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galela_language" title="Galela language">Galela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamkonora_language" title="Gamkonora language">Gamkonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kao_language" title="Kao language">Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loloda_language" title="Loloda language">Loloda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modole_language" title="Modole language">Modole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagu_language" title="Pagu language">Pagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahu_language" title="Sahu language">Sahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabaru_language" title="Tabaru language">Tabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate_language" title="Ternate language">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore_language" title="Tidore language">Tidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobelo_language" title="Tobelo language">Tobelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togutil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Togutil language">Togutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_language" title="Waioli language">Waioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Makian_language" title="West Makian language">West Makian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor–Alor–Pantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abui_language" title="Abui language">Abui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adang_language" title="Adang language">Adang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagar_language" title="Blagar language">Blagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunak_language" title="Bunak language">Bunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaera_language" title="Kaera language">Kaera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafoa_language" title="Kafoa language">Kafoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamang language">Kamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klon_language" title="Klon language">Klon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(Indonesia)" title="Kui language (Indonesia)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_language" title="Kula language">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedebang_language" title="Nedebang language">Nedebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirata_language" title="Oirata language">Oirata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retta_language" title="Retta language">Retta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawila_language" title="Sawila language">Sawila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiwa_language" title="Teiwa language">Teiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wersing_language" title="Wersing language">Wersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pantar_language" title="Western Pantar language">Western Pantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woisika_language" title="Woisika language">Woisika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Mombum_languages" title="Asmat–Mombum languages">Asmat–Mombum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruwai_language" title="Buruwai language">Buruwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarina_Coast_Asmat_language" title="Casuarina Coast Asmat language">Casuarina Coast Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asmat_language" title="Central Asmat language">Central Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asmat_language" title="North Asmat language">North Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citak_language" title="Citak language">Citak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombum_language" title="Mombum language">Mombum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamberau_language" title="Kamberau language">Kamberau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamoro_language" title="Kamoro language">Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneraw_language" title="Koneraw language">Koneraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempan_language" title="Sempan language">Sempan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="West Bird's Head languages">West Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalabra_language" title="Kalabra language">Kalabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwani_language" title="Kuwani language">Kuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_language" title="Moi language">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraid_language" title="Moraid language">Moraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seget_language" title="Seget language">Seget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehit_language" title="Tehit language">Tehit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="South Bird's Head languages">South Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arandai_languages" title="Arandai languages">Arandai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombano_language" title="Dombano language">Dombano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duriankari_language" title="Duriankari language">Duriankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanwatan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanwatan language">Inanwatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaburi_language" title="Kaburi language">Kaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kais_language" title="Kais language">Kais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemberano_language" title="Kemberano language">Kemberano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_language" title="Kokoda language">Kokoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konda_language_(Papuan)" title="Konda language (Papuan)">Konda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovojab_language" title="Kovojab language">Kovojab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puragi_language" title="Puragi language">Puragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahadian_language" title="Yahadian language">Yahadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head languages">East Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatam_language" title="Hatam language">Hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansim_language" title="Mansim language">Mansim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyah_language" title="Meyah language">Meyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskona_language" title="Moskona language">Moskona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sougb_language" title="Sougb language">Sougb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baham_language" title="Baham language">Baham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karas language">Karas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Dani_language" title="Grand Valley Dani language">Grand Valley Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupla_language" title="Hupla language">Hupla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduga_language" title="Nduga language">Nduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nggem_language" title="Nggem language">Nggem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silimo_language" title="Silimo language">Silimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walak_language" title="Walak language">Walak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wano_language" title="Wano language">Wano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Dani_language" title="Western Dani language">Western Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_language" title="Yali language">Yali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Auye language">Auye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dao language (Papuan)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekari_language" title="Ekari language">Ekari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_language" title="Moni language">Moni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolani_language" title="Wolani language">Wolani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digul_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Digul River languages">Digul River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_language" title="Aghu language">Aghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awbono_language" title="Awbono language">Awbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayono_language" title="Bayono language">Bayono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densar_language" title="Densar language">Densar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edera_River_Awyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Edera River Awyu">Edera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jair language">Jair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombai_language" title="Kombai language">Kombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komyandaret_language" title="Komyandaret language">Komyandaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korowai_language" title="Korowai language">Korowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandobo_language" title="Mandobo language">Mandobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_language" title="Pisa language">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Papuan)" title="Sawi language (Papuan)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiaxa_language" title="Shiaxa language">Shiaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaukambo_language" title="Tsaukambo language">Tsaukambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambon_language" title="Wambon language">Wambon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foja_Range_languages" title="Foja Range languages">Foja Range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoran_language" title="Airoran language">Airoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagusa_language" title="Bagusa language">Bagusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berik_language" title="Berik language">Berik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betaf_language" title="Betaf language">Betaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerif_language" title="Bonerif language">Bonerif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabe_language" title="Dabe language">Dabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dineor_language" title="Dineor language">Dineor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwas_language" title="Edwas language">Edwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresi_language" title="Gresi language">Gresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isirawa_language" title="Isirawa language">Isirawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itik_language" title="Itik language">Itik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapori_language" title="Kapori language">Kapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauwera_language" title="Kauwera language">Kauwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keijar_language" title="Keijar language">Keijar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemtuik_language" title="Kemtuik language">Kemtuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_language" title="Kwerba language">Kwerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_Mamberamo_language" title="Kwerba Mamberamo language">Kwerba Mamberamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwesten_language" title="Kwesten language">Kwesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwinsu_language" title="Kwinsu language">Kwinsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mander_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mander language">Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massep_language" title="Massep language">Massep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawes_language" title="Mawes language">Mawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekwei_language" title="Mekwei language">Mekwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlap_language" title="Mlap language">Mlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namblong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namblong language">Namblong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimboran_language" title="Nimboran language">Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orya_language" title="Orya language">Orya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sause_language" title="Sause language">Sause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarokena_language" title="Samarokena language">Samarokena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimuris_language" title="Trimuris language">Trimuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitou_language" title="Vitou language">Vitou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awera_language" title="Awera language">Awera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biritai_language" title="Biritai language">Biritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutai_language" title="Doutai language">Doutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvle_language" title="Duvle language">Duvle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritai_language" title="Eritai language">Eritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayu_language" title="Fayu language">Fayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Foau language">Foau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iau_language" title="Iau language">Iau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiy_language" title="Kaiy language">Kaiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keuw_language" title="Keuw language">Keuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikiri_language" title="Kirikiri language">Kirikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerisa_language" title="Kwerisa language">Kwerisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obokuitai_language" title="Obokuitai language">Obokuitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papasena_language" title="Papasena language">Papasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasawa_language" title="Rasawa language">Rasawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaritai_language" title="Sikaritai language">Sikaritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tause_language" title="Tause language">Tause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taworta_language" title="Taworta language">Taworta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waritai_language" title="Waritai language">Waritai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Cenderawasih_Bay_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Cenderawasih Bay languages">East Cenderawasih Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baropasi_language" title="Baropasi language">Baropasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauzi_language" title="Bauzi language">Bauzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burate_language" title="Burate language">Burate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demisa_language" title="Demisa language">Demisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofei_language" title="Kofei language">Kofei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisa-Anasi_language" title="Nisa-Anasi language">Nisa-Anasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauri_language" title="Sauri language">Sauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefaro_language" title="Tefaro language">Tefaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggare_language" title="Tunggare language">Tunggare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woria_language" title="Woria language">Woria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saweru_language" title="Saweru language">Saweru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_language" title="Yawa language">Yawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demta%E2%80%93Sentani_languages" title="Demta–Sentani languages">Demta–Sentani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demta_language" title="Demta language">Demta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafri_language" title="Nafri language">Nafri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentani_language" title="Sentani language">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla_language" title="Tabla language">Tabla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burumakok_language" title="Burumakok language">Burumakok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwur_language" title="Iwur language">Iwur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopka_language" title="Kopka language">Kopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_language" title="Muyu language">Muyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakai_language" title="Nakai language">Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangko_language" title="Tangko language">Tangko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Momuna%E2%80%93Mek_languages" title="Momuna–Mek languages">Momuna–Mek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eipo_language" title="Eipo language">Eipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_language" title="Goliath language">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketengban_language" title="Ketengban language">Ketengban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosarek_language" title="Kosarek language">Kosarek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korupun_language" title="Korupun language">Korupun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalca_language" title="Nalca language">Nalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipsan_language" title="Nipsan language">Nipsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somahai_language" title="Somahai language">Somahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Skou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skou_language" title="Skou language">Skou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Pauwasi_languages" title="South Pauwasi languages">South Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biksi-Yetfa_language" title="Biksi-Yetfa language">Biksi-Yetfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembra_language" title="Kembra language">Kembra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimki_language" title="Kimki language">Kimki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepki_language" title="Lepki language">Lepki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murkim_language" title="Murkim language">Murkim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Pauwasi_languages" title="East Pauwasi languages">East Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emem_language" title="Emem language">Emem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorop_language" title="Zorop language">Zorop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Pauwasi_languages" title="West Pauwasi languages">West Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namla_language" title="Namla language">Namla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebi_language" title="Tebi language">Tebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofanma_language" title="Tofanma language">Tofanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towei_language" title="Towei language">Towei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usku_language" title="Usku language">Usku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure–Kosare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaure_language" title="Kaure language">Kaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosare_language" title="Kosare language">Kosare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marind%E2%80%93Yaqai_languages" title="Marind–Yaqai languages">Marind–Yaqai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipim_language" title="Bipim language">Bipim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marind_language" title="Marind language">Marind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqay_language" title="Yaqay language">Yaqay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bulaka_River_languages" title="Bulaka River languages">Bulaka River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelmek_language" title="Yelmek language">Yelmek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_languages" title="Kayagar languages">Kayagar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atohwaim_language" title="Atohwaim language">Atohwaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_language" title="Kayagar language">Kayagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagario_language" title="Tamagario language">Tamagario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awyi_language" title="Awyi language">Awyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elseng_language" title="Elseng language">Elseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikat_language" title="Taikat language">Taikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manem_language" title="Manem language">Manem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowanda_language" title="Sowanda language">Sowanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viid_language" title="Viid language">Viid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waris_language" title="Waris language">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_language" title="Mairasi language">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_language" title="Mer language">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semimi_language" title="Semimi language">Semimi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimaghama_language" title="Kimaghama language">Kimaghama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morori_language" title="Morori language">Morori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndom_language" title="Ndom language">Ndom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riantana_language" title="Riantana language">Riantana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngkolmpu_Kanum_language" title="Ngkolmpu Kanum language">Ngkolmpu Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rema_language" title="Rema language">Rema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smerki_language" title="Smerki language">Smerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamer_language" title="Tamer language">Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_language" title="Yei language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mamberamo_languages" title="Lower Mamberamo languages">Lower Mamberamo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warembori_language" title="Warembori language">Warembori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_language" title="Yoke language">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amung language">Amung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeso_language" title="Burmeso language">Burmeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dem_language" title="Dem language">Dem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanum_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanum language">Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molof_language" title="Molof language">Molof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Momina language">Momina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Papuan)" title="Mor language (Papuan)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Papuan)" title="Pyu language (Papuan)">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumuri_language" title="Sumuri language">Sumuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhunduni_languages" title="Uhunduni languages">Uhunduni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin language">Pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malay-based_creoles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay-based creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Malay" title="Alor Malay">Alor Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda Malay">Banda Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese Malay">Balinese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorap_language" title="Gorap language">Gorap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorontalo_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorontalo Malay (page does not exist)">Gorontalo Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupang_Malay" title="Kupang Malay">Kupang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larantuka_Malay" title="Larantuka Malay">Larantuka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manado_Malay" title="Manado Malay">Manado Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar Malay">Makassar Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maumere_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maumere Malay (page does not exist)">Maumere Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_Malay" title="North Moluccan Malay">North Moluccan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula Malay (page does not exist)">Sula Malay</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Pulo_language" title="Orang Pulo language">Orang Pulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Malay" title="Papuan Malay">Papuan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Serui_Malay" title="Serui Malay">Serui Malay</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Peranakan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surabayan_Peranakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surabayan Peranakan (page does not exist)">Surabayan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other creoles and pidgins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidau_Creole_Portuguese" title="Bidau Creole Portuguese">Bidau Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flores_Creole_Portuguese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flores Creole Portuguese (page does not exist)">Flores Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Javindo language">Javindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardijker language">Mardijker</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Pidgin Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Pidgin Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugis_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugis language">Portugis</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tansi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tansi language (page does not exist)">Tansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Pidgin Tukang Besi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzhounese">Fuzhounese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainanese language">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien Chinese">Hokkien</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Medan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Riau_Hokkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Hokkien">Riau</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Hinghwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic languages">Arabic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Arabic" title="Indonesian Arabic">Indonesian Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign languages">Sign languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian Sign Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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