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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_bands_and_published_books:_1977–1981" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_bands_and_published_books:_1977–1981"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early bands and published books: 1977–1981 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_bands_and_published_books:_1977–1981-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Smiths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Smiths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 The Smiths </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Smiths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle The Smiths subsection </button> <ul id="toc-The_Smiths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishing_the_Smiths:_1982–1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishing_the_Smiths:_1982–1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Establishing the Smiths: 1982–1984 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishing_the_Smiths:_1982–1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Smiths'_growing_success:_1984–1987" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Smiths'_growing_success:_1984–1987"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The Smiths' growing success: 1984–1987 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Smiths'_growing_success:_1984–1987-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solo_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Solo career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Solo_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Solo career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Solo_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_solo_work:_1988–1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_solo_work:_1988–1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early solo work: 1988–1991 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_solo_work:_1988–1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_image:_1992–1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_image:_1992–1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Changing image: 1992–1995 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_image:_1992–1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_Los_Angeles:_1995–2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Los_Angeles:_1995–2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Move to Los Angeles: 1995–2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Los_Angeles:_1995–2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comeback:_2004–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comeback:_2004–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Comeback: 2004–2009 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comeback:_2004–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_albums_and_literary_work:_2010–2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_albums_and_literary_work:_2010–2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Further albums and literary work: 2010–2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_albums_and_literary_work:_2010–2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_more_albums,_unreleased_album_and_Without_Music_The_World_Dies:_2020–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_more_albums,_unreleased_album_and_Without_Music_The_World_Dies:_2020–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Two more albums, unreleased album and Without Music The World Dies: 2020–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_more_albums,_unreleased_album_and_Without_Music_The_World_Dies:_2020–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Artistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Artistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Lyrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Performance style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Public image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_rights_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_rights_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Animal rights advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_rights_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Sexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Political opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 British politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 European Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_support_for_Anne_Marie_Waters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_support_for_Anne_Marie_Waters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Race and support for Anne Marie Waters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_support_for_Anne_Marie_Waters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4 American politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Impact and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fandom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fandom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Fandom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fandom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and nominations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Discography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Discography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Smiths_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Smiths_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 The Smiths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Smiths_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Solo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Publications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Publications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publications_by_Morrissey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_by_Morrissey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Publications by Morrissey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_by_Morrissey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_with_contributions_by_Morrissey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_with_contributions_by_Morrissey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Publications with contributions by Morrissey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_with_contributions_by_Morrissey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Morrissey</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="موريسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موريسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="موریسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موریسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Мориси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мориси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Patrick_Morrissey" title="Steven Patrick Morrissey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Steven Patrick Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="موریسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موریسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="모리세이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모리세이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="מוריסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוריסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="მორისი (მუსიკოსი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მორისი (მუსიკოსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisejs" title="Morisejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Morisejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Мориси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мориси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89_(%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%89)" title="موريسى (مغنى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موريسى (مغنى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC" title="モリッシー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モリッシー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Patrick_Morrissey" title="Steven Patrick Morrissey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steven Patrick Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Моррисси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моррисси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Мориси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мориси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="มอร์ริสซีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มอร์ริสซีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Morrissey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96" title="Морріссі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морріссі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF" title="莫里西 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫里西" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2>This is an accepted version of this page</div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on 18 November 2024.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British singer (born 1959)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the singer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Morrissey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Morrissey (disambiguation)">Morrissey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Steven Morrissey" redirects here. For the footballer, see <a href="/wiki/Steven_Morrissey_(footballer)" title="Steven Morrissey (footballer)">Steven Morrissey (footballer)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Morrissey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Morrissey at the premiere of the Alexander film in Dublin Ireland."><img alt="Morrissey at the premiere of the Alexander film in Dublin Ireland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg/220px-Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg/330px-Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg/440px-Morrissey_crop_tie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="929" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Morrissey in 2005</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Steven Patrick Morrissey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1959-05-22) 22 May 1959 (age 65) <a href="/wiki/Davyhulme" title="Davyhulme">Davyhulme</a>, Lancashire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">jangle pop</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>songwriter</li><li>author</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1976–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">HMV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sire_Records" title="Sire Records">Sire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reprise_Records" title="Reprise Records">Reprise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_Records" title="Attack Records">Attack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Records" title="Sanctuary Records">Sanctuary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Highway_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Highway Records">Lost Highway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Major_Minor_Records" title="Major Minor Records">Major Minor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Records" title="Liberty Records">Liberty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_Records" title="Harvest Records">Harvest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Nosebleeds" title="The Nosebleeds">The Nosebleeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morrisseycentral.com">morrisseycentral.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> Steven Patrick Morrissey (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɒrɪsi/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MORR-iss-ee</a>; born 22 May 1959), known <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mononym" class="extiw" title="wikt:mononym">mononymously</a> as Morrissey, is an English singer and songwriter. He came to prominence as the frontman and lyricist of rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a>, who were active from 1982 to 1987. Since then, he has pursued a successful solo career. Morrissey's music is characterised by his <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> voice and distinctive lyrics with recurring themes of emotional isolation, sexual longing, self-deprecating and dark humour, and anti-establishment stances. Morrissey was born to working-class Irish immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Davyhulme" title="Davyhulme">Davyhulme</a>, Lancashire, England; the family lived in Queen's Court near the Loreto convent in <a href="/wiki/Hulme" title="Hulme">Hulme</a> and his mother worked nearby at the <a href="/wiki/Hulme_Hippodrome" title="Hulme Hippodrome">Hulme Hippodrome</a> bingo hall. They moved due to the 1960s demolitions of almost all the Victorian-era houses in Hulme, known as '<a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">slum clearance</a>', and he grew up in nearby <a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-5">[5]</a> As a child, he developed a love of literature, <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">kitchen sink realism</a>, and 1960s pop music. In the late 1970s, he fronted the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Nosebleeds" title="The Nosebleeds">the Nosebleeds</a> with little success before beginning a career in music journalism and writing several books on music and film in the early 1980s. He formed the Smiths with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Marr" title="Johnny Marr">Johnny Marr</a> in 1982 and the band soon attracted national recognition for <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_(album)" title="The Smiths (album)">their eponymous debut album</a>. As the band's frontman, Morrissey attracted attention for his trademark <a href="/wiki/Quiff" title="Quiff">quiff</a> and witty and sardonic lyrics. Deliberately avoiding rock machismo, he cultivated the image of a sexually ambiguous social outsider who embraced celibacy. The Smiths released three further studio albums—<a href="/wiki/Meat_Is_Murder" title="Meat Is Murder">Meat Is Murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strangeways,_Here_We_Come" title="Strangeways, Here We Come">Strangeways, Here We Come</a>—and had a string of hit singles. The band were critically acclaimed and attracted a cult following. Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in the separation of the Smiths in 1987. In 1988, Morrissey launched his solo career with <a href="/wiki/Viva_Hate" title="Viva Hate">Viva Hate</a>. This album and its follow-ups—<a href="/wiki/Kill_Uncle" title="Kill Uncle">Kill Uncle</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a> (1992), and <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_and_I" title="Vauxhall and I">Vauxhall and I</a> (1994)—all did well on the UK Albums Chart and spawned multiple hit singles. He took on <a href="/wiki/Alain_Whyte" title="Alain Whyte">Alain Whyte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boz_Boorer" title="Boz Boorer">Boz Boorer</a> as his main co-writers to replace Marr. During this time his image began to shift into that of a burlier figure who toyed with patriotic imagery and working-class masculinity. In the mid-to-late 1990s, his albums <a href="/wiki/Southpaw_Grammar" title="Southpaw Grammar">Southpaw Grammar</a> (1995) and <a href="/wiki/Maladjusted" title="Maladjusted">Maladjusted</a> (1997) also charted but were less well received. Relocating to Los Angeles, he took a musical hiatus from 1998 to 2003 before releasing a successful comeback album, <a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Quarry" title="You Are the Quarry">You Are the Quarry</a>, in 2004. Ensuing years saw the release of albums <a href="/wiki/Ringleader_of_the_Tormentors" title="Ringleader of the Tormentors">Ringleader of the Tormentors</a> (2006), <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Refusal" title="Years of Refusal">Years of Refusal</a> (2009), <a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a> (2014), <a href="/wiki/Low_in_High_School" title="Low in High School">Low in High School</a> (2017), <a href="/wiki/California_Son" title="California Son">California Son</a> (2019), and <a href="/wiki/I_Am_Not_a_Dog_on_a_Chain" title="I Am Not a Dog on a Chain">I Am Not a Dog on a Chain</a> (2020), as well as <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiography (Morrissey)">his autobiography</a> and his debut novel, <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Lost" title="List of the Lost">List of the Lost</a> (2015). Highly influential, Morrissey has been credited as a seminal figure in the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a>. In a 2006 poll for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Culture_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture Show">Culture Show</a>, Morrissey was voted the second-greatest living <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">British cultural icon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> His work has been the subject of academic study.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He has been a controversial figure throughout his music career due to his forthright opinions and outspoken nature, endorsing vegetarianism and <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">criticising royalty</a> and prominent politicians. He has also supported far-right activism with regard to British heritage, and defended a particular vision of <a href="/wiki/English_national_identity" title="English national identity">national identity</a> while critiquing the effects of immigration on the UK.<a href="#cite_note-Jonze-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood:_1959–1976">Childhood: 1959–1976</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood: 1959–1976">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I lost myself in music at a very early age, and I remained there . . . I did fall in love with the voices I heard, whether they were male or female. I loved those people. I really, really did love those people. For what it was worth, I gave them my life . . . my youth. Beyond the perimeter of pop music there was a drop at the end of the world. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Morrissey, 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200413Simpson200435-10">[10]</a></cite> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen%27s_Square,_Hulme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Queen%27s_Square%2C_Hulme.png/250px-Queen%27s_Square%2C_Hulme.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Queen%27s_Square%2C_Hulme.png 1.5x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey's family home (second from left) in Queens Square, Hulme, which was demolished in the 1960s. His aunt lived beside them in the end property</figcaption></figure> Steven Patrick Morrissey was born on 22 May 1959<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20046Simpson200432-11">[11]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trafford_General_Hospital" title="Trafford General Hospital">Park Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davyhulme" title="Davyhulme">Davyhulme</a>, Lancashire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20046-12">[12]</a> His parents, Elizabeth (née Dwyer) and Peter Morrissey,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20046-12">[12]</a> were <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Irish Catholics</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200433-13">[13]</a> who had emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> with his only sibling, elder sister Jacqueline, a year before his birth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20046-12">[12]</a> Morrissey claims he was named after American actor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Cochran" title="Steve Cochran">Steve Cochran</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20046Goddard200621-14">[14]</a> although he may instead have been named in honour of his father's brother who died in infancy, Patrick Steven Morrissey.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> His earliest home was a <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council house</a> at 17 Harper Street in the Queen's Square area of <a href="/wiki/Hulme" title="Hulme">Hulme</a>, inner Manchester, since demolished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20047Simpson200439-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-5">[5]</a> Living in that area as a child, he was deeply affected by the <a href="/wiki/Moors_murders" title="Moors murders">Moors murders</a>, in which a number of local children were killed; the crimes had a lasting impression on him and would inspire the lyrics of the Smiths song "<a href="/wiki/Suffer_Little_Children" title="Suffer Little Children">Suffer Little Children</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20047Simpson200443–44-18">[18]</a> He also became aware of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">anti-Irish sentiment</a> in British society against <a href="/wiki/Irish_migration_to_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish migration to Great Britain">Irish immigrants to Britain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200453-19">[19]</a> In 1970, after the '<a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">slum clearances</a>' of Victorian-era houses in Hulme, the family moved to another council house at 384 King's Road in <a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20048-20">[20]</a> Following a primary education at St Wilfred's Primary School,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20048-20">[20]</a> Morrissey failed his <a href="/wiki/11-plus" class="mw-redirect" title="11-plus">11-plus</a> exam<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200437-21">[21]</a> and proceeded to St Mary's Secondary Modern School, an experience he found unpleasant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20048Simpson200437–38-22">[22]</a> He excelled at athletics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200438-23">[23]</a> though he was an unpopular <a href="/wiki/Loner" title="Loner">loner</a> at the school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200417Simpson200438-24">[24]</a> He has been critical of his formal education, later stating, "The education I received was so basically evil and brutal. All I learnt was to have no self-esteem and to feel ashamed without knowing why."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200438-23">[23]</a> He left school in 1975, having received no formal qualifications.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200418-25">[25]</a> He continued his education at <a href="/wiki/Trafford_College" title="Trafford College">Stretford Technical College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200418-25">[25]</a> where he gained three <a href="/wiki/O-Levels" class="mw-redirect" title="O-Levels">O-Levels</a> in English literature, sociology, and the General Paper.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200418Simpson200476-26">[26]</a> In 1975, he travelled to the U.S. to visit an aunt who lived in <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-5">[5]</a> The relationship between his parents was strained, and they ultimately separated in December 1976, with his father moving out of the family home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200420Simpson200437,_40Goddard200610-27">[27]</a> Morrissey's librarian mother encouraged her son's interest in reading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200439–40-28">[28]</a> He took an interest in feminist literature,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200442-29">[29]</a> and particularly liked the Irish author <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, whom he came to idolise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200412–13Simpson200439–40-30">[30]</a> The young Morrissey was a fan of the television soap opera <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a>, which focused on working-class communities in Manchester; he sent proposed scripts and storylines to the show's production company, <a href="/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a>, although all were rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20047Simpson200453–55-31">[31]</a> He was also a fan of <a href="/wiki/Shelagh_Delaney" title="Shelagh Delaney">Shelagh Delaney</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey" title="A Taste of Honey">A Taste of Honey</a> and its <a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey_(film)" title="A Taste of Honey (film)">1961 film adaptation</a>, which was a drama focusing on working-class life in <a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200455–58-32">[32]</a> Many of his later songs directly quoted A Taste of Honey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200456–57-33">[33]</a> Of his youth, Morrissey has said, "Pop music was all I ever had, and it was completely entwined with the image of the pop star. I remember feeling the person singing was actually with me and understood me and my predicament."<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Holden-34">[34]</a> He later revealed that the first record he purchased was <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Faithfull" title="Marianne Faithfull">Marianne Faithfull</a>'s 1965 single "<a href="/wiki/Come_and_Stay_With_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Come and Stay With Me">Come and Stay With Me</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200435Goddard200610-35">[35]</a> He became a <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a> fan in the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200415Simpson200464Goddard200610-36">[36]</a> enjoying the work of English artists like <a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">T. Rex</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200415Simpson200469Goddard200610-37">[37]</a> He was also a fan of American glam rock artists such as <a href="/wiki/Sparks_(band)" title="Sparks (band)">Sparks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jobriath" title="Jobriath">Jobriath</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Dolls" title="New York Dolls">New York Dolls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200415–18Goddard200610-38">[38]</a> He formed a British fan club for the latter, attracting members through small adverts in the back pages of music magazines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200610–11-39">[39]</a> It was through the New York Dolls' interest in female pop singers from the 1960s that Morrissey too developed a fascination for such artists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200610-40">[40]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Sandie_Shaw" title="Sandie Shaw">Sandie Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twinkle_(singer)" title="Twinkle (singer)">Twinkle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dusty_Springfield" title="Dusty Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200413–14-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_bands_and_published_books:_1977–1981">Early bands and published books: 1977–1981</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early bands and published books: 1977–1981">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/170px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/255px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/340px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey idolised American film actor <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a> and published a book about him.</figcaption></figure> Having left formal education, Morrissey proceeded through a series of jobs, as a clerk for the civil service and then the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue" title="Inland Revenue">Inland Revenue</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Civil_Service_World-42">[42]</a> as a salesperson in a <a href="/wiki/Record_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Record store">record store</a>, and as a hospital porter, before abandoning employment and claiming <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200420,_23,_24Simpson200476-43">[43]</a> He used much of the money from these jobs to purchase tickets for gigs, attending performances by <a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200420-44">[44]</a> He regularly attended concerts, having a particular interest in the alternative and post-punk music scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200611-45">[45]</a> Having met the guitarist <a href="/wiki/Billy_Duffy" title="Billy Duffy">Billy Duffy</a> in November 1977, Morrissey agreed to become the vocalist for Duffy's punk band <a href="/wiki/The_Nosebleeds" title="The Nosebleeds">the Nosebleeds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200422-46">[46]</a> Morrissey co-wrote a number of songs with the band<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard20069-47">[47]</a>—"Peppermint Heaven", "I Get Nervous" and "I Think I'm Ready for the Electric Chair"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200422-46">[46]</a>—and performed with them in support slots for <a href="/wiki/Jilted_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Jilted John">Jilted John</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(band)" title="Magazine (band)">Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200610-40">[40]</a> The band soon disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200423-48">[48]</a> After the Nosebleeds' break-up, Morrissey followed Duffy to join <a href="/wiki/Slaughter_%26_the_Dogs" title="Slaughter & the Dogs">Slaughter & the Dogs</a>, briefly replacing original singer Wayne Barrett. He recorded four songs with the band and they auditioned for a record deal in London. After the audition fell through, Slaughter & the Dogs became Studio Sweethearts, without Morrissey.<a href="#cite_note-rogan-49">[49]</a> He came to be known as a minor figure within Manchester's punk community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200612-50">[50]</a> By 1981, he had become a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Linder_Sterling" title="Linder Sterling">Linder Sterling</a>, the frontwoman of punk-jazz ensemble <a href="/wiki/Ludus_(band)" title="Ludus (band)">Ludus</a>; her lyrics and style of singing both influenced him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200423Goddard200612-51">[51]</a> Through Sterling, he came to know <a href="/wiki/Howard_Devoto" title="Howard Devoto">Howard Devoto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Boon" title="Richard Boon">Richard Boon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200612-50">[50]</a> At the time, Morrissey's best male friend was James Maker; he would visit Maker in London or they would meet in Manchester, where they visited the city's gay bars and gay clubs, in one case having to escape from a gang of <a href="/wiki/Gay_bashers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay bashers">gay bashers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200426–28-52">[52]</a> Wanting to become a professional writer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200477-53">[53]</a> Morrissey considered a career in music journalism. He frequently wrote letters to the music press and was eventually hired by the weekly music review publication <a href="/wiki/Record_Mirror" title="Record Mirror">Record Mirror</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200611-45">[45]</a> He wrote several short books for local publishing company Babylon Books: in 1981 it released a 24-page booklet he had written on the New York Dolls, which sold 3000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200425–26Goddard200611-54">[54]</a> This was followed by James Dean is Not Dead, about the late American film star <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200611-45">[45]</a> Morrissey had developed a love of Dean and had covered his bedroom with pictures of the dead film star.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200482–85-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Smiths">The Smiths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Smiths">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_the_Smiths:_1982–1984">Establishing the Smiths: 1982–1984</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Establishing the Smiths: 1982–1984">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a></div> In August 1978, Morrissey was briefly introduced to the 14-year-old <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Marr" title="Johnny Marr">Johnny Marr</a> by mutual acquaintances at a <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> gig held at Manchester's <a href="/wiki/O2_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="O2 Apollo">Apollo Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard20069-47">[47]</a> Several years later, in May 1982, Marr turned up on the doorstep of Morrissey's house, there to ask Morrissey if he was interested in co-founding a band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200432Goddard200616–17-56">[56]</a> Marr had been impressed that Morrissey had authored a book on the New York Dolls,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200616-57">[57]</a> and was inspired to turn up on his doorstep following the example of <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Leiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Leiber">Jerry Leiber</a>, who had formed his working partnership with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Stoller" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Stoller">Mike Stoller</a> after turning up at the latter's door.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200432Goddard200616-58">[58]</a> According to Morrissey: "We got on absolutely famously. We were very similar in drive."<a href="#cite_note-DIDiscs-59">[59]</a> The next day, Morrissey phoned Marr to confirm that he would be interested in forming a band with him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200617-60">[60]</a> Steve Pomfret—who had served as the band's first bassist—soon abandoned the band, to be replaced by Dale Hibbert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200619,_21-61">[61]</a> Around the time of the band's formation, Morrissey decided that he would be publicly known only by his surname,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200434Simpson200442-62">[62]</a> with Marr referring to him as "Mozzer" or "Moz".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200621-63">[63]</a> In 1983, he forbade those around him from using the name "Steven", which he despised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200621-63">[63]</a> Morrissey was also responsible for choosing the band name of "the Smiths",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200434Goddard200620-64">[64]</a> later informing an interviewer that "it was the most ordinary name and I thought it was time that the ordinary folk of the world showed their faces".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200620-65">[65]</a> Alongside developing their own songs, they also developed a cover of <a href="/wiki/The_Cookies" title="The Cookies">the Cookies</a>' "I Want a Boy for My Birthday", the latter reflecting their deliberate desire to transgress established norms of gender and sexuality in rock in a manner inspired by the New York Dolls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200435Goddard200622–23-66">[66]</a> In August 1982, they recorded their first demo at Manchester's Decibel Studios,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200433Goddard200622–23-67">[67]</a> and Morrissey took the demo recording to <a href="/wiki/Factory_Records" title="Factory Records">Factory Records</a>, but they weren't interested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200626–27-68">[68]</a> In late summer 1982, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Joyce_(musician)" title="Mike Joyce (musician)">Mike Joyce</a> was adopted as the band's drummer after a successful audition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200435Goddard200625–26-69">[69]</a> In October 1982, they then gave their first public performance, as a support act for <a href="/wiki/Blue_Rondo_%C3%A0_la_Turk_(band)" title="Blue Rondo à la Turk (band)">Blue Rondo à la Turk</a> at Manchester's <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_(Manchester)" title="The Ritz (Manchester)">The Ritz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200434,_35Goddard200627-70">[70]</a> Hibbert however was unhappy with what he perceived as the band's gay aesthetic; in turn, Morrissey and Marr were unhappy with his bass playing, and so he was removed from the band and replaced by Marr's old school friend <a href="/wiki/Andy_Rourke" title="Andy Rourke">Andy Rourke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200436Goddard200627–30-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg/220px-Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg/330px-Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg/440px-Morrissey%27s_shirt_in_Hard_Rock_Cafe_Balcerona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1523" /></a><figcaption>A typical shirt worn on stage by Morrissey in the 1980s, on display at the Barcelona <a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard Rock Café">Hard Rock Café</a></figcaption></figure> After the record company <a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI</a> turned them down,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200631-72">[72]</a> Morrissey and Marr visited London to hand a cassette of their recordings to <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Travis" title="Geoff Travis">Geoff Travis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record label</a> <a href="/wiki/Rough_Trade_Records" title="Rough Trade Records">Rough Trade Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200641–42-73">[73]</a> Although not signing them to a contract straight away, he agreed to cut their song "<a href="/wiki/Hand_in_Glove" title="Hand in Glove">Hand in Glove</a>" as a single.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200642-74">[74]</a> Morrissey chose a <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoerotic">homoerotic</a> cover design in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Jim_French_(photographer)" title="Jim French (photographer)">Jim French</a> photograph.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200642–43-75">[75]</a> It was released in May 1983. The band soon generated controversy when <a href="/wiki/Garry_Bushell" title="Garry Bushell">Garry Bushell</a> of tabloid newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a> alleged that their B-side "Handsome Devil" was an endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Paedophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedophilia">paedophilia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004108Goddard200635–36-76">[76]</a> The band denied this, with Morrissey stating that the song "has nothing to do with children, and certainly nothing to do with child molesting".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200637-77">[77]</a> In the wake of their single, the band performed their first significant London gig, gained radio airplay with a <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> session, and obtained their first interviews in music magazines <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard200643-78">[78]</a> The follow-up singles "<a href="/wiki/This_Charming_Man" title="This Charming Man">This Charming Man</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/What_Difference_Does_It_Make%3F" title="What Difference Does It Make?">What Difference Does It Make?</a>" fared better when they reached numbers 25 and 12 respectively on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> Aided by praise from the music press and a series of studio sessions for Peel and <a href="/wiki/David_Jensen" title="David Jensen">David Jensen</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a>, the Smiths began to acquire a dedicated fan base. In February 1984 they released their debut album, <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_(album)" title="The Smiths (album)">The Smiths</a>, which reached number 2 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">UK Albums Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> As frontman of the Smiths, Morrissey—described as "lanky, soft-spoken, bequiffed and bespectacled"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200432-80">[80]</a>—subverted many of the norms that were associated with pop and rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200423–24-81">[81]</a> The band's aesthetic simplicity was a reaction to the excess personified by the <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004101-82">[82]</a> and while Morrissey adopted an androgynous appearance like the New Romantics or earlier glam rockers, his was far more subtle and understated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004102-83">[83]</a> According to one commentator, "he was bookish; he wore <a href="/wiki/NHS" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS">NHS</a> spectacles and a hearing aid on stage; he was celibate. Worst of all, he was sincere", with his music being "so intoxicatingly melancholic, so dangerously thoughtful, so seductively funny that it lured its listeners . . . into a relationship with him and his music instead of the world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200424-84">[84]</a> In an <a href="/wiki/Academic_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic paper">academic paper</a> on the band, Julian Stringer characterised the Smiths as "one of Britain's most overtly political groups",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199216-85">[85]</a> while in his study of their work, Andrew Warns termed them "this most anti-capitalist of bands".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarnes2008143-86">[86]</a> Morrissey had been particularly vocal in his criticism of then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>; after the October 1984 <a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a>, he commented that "the only sorrow" of it was "that Thatcher escaped unscathed".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004111-87">[87]</a> In 1988, he stated that <a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a> "embodies Thatcher's very nature and her quite natural hatred".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004111-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Smiths'_growing_success:_1984–1987">The Smiths' growing success: 1984–1987</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Smiths' growing success: 1984–1987">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The Smiths brought realism to their romance, and tempered their angst with the lightest of touches. The times were personified in their frontman: rejecting all taints of rock n' roll machismo, he played up the social awkwardness of the misfit and the outsider, his gently haunting vocals whooping suddenly upward into a falsetto, clothed in outsize women's shirts, sporting National Health specs or a huge Johnny Ray-style hearing aid. This charming young man was, in the vernacular of the time, the very antithesis of a "rockist"—always knowingly closer to the gentle ironicist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, or self-lacerating diarist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Williams" title="Kenneth Williams">Kenneth Williams</a>, than a licentious <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> or drugged-out <a href="/wiki/Jim_Morrison" title="Jim Morrison">Jim Morrison</a>. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Paul A. Woods, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20075-88">[88]</a></cite> </div> In 1984, the band released two non-album singles: "<a href="/wiki/Heaven_Knows_I%27m_Miserable_Now" title="Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now">Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now</a>" (their first UK top-ten hit) and "<a href="/wiki/William,_It_Was_Really_Nothing" title="William, It Was Really Nothing">William, It Was Really Nothing</a>". The year ended with the compilation album <a href="/wiki/Hatful_of_Hollow" title="Hatful of Hollow">Hatful of Hollow</a>. This collected singles, <a href="/wiki/B-sides" class="mw-redirect" title="B-sides">B-sides</a> and the versions of songs that had been recorded throughout the previous year for the Peel and Jensen shows. Early in 1985, the band released their second album, <a href="/wiki/Meat_Is_Murder" title="Meat Is Murder">Meat Is Murder</a>, which was their only studio album to top the UK charts. The single-only release "<a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Sister_(song)" title="Shakespeare's Sister (song)">Shakespeare's Sister</a>" reached number 26 on the UK Singles Chart, though the only single taken from the album, "<a href="/wiki/That_Joke_Isn%27t_Funny_Anymore" title="That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore">That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore</a>", was less successful, barely making the top 50.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> "<a href="/wiki/How_Soon_Is_Now%3F" title="How Soon Is Now?">How Soon Is Now?</a>" was originally a B-side of "William, It Was Really Nothing", and was subsequently featured on Hatful of Hollow and the American, Canadian, Australian and Warner UK editions of <a href="/wiki/Meat_Is_Murder" title="Meat Is Murder">Meat Is Murder</a>. Belatedly released as a single in the UK in 1985, "<a href="/wiki/How_Soon_Is_Now%3F" title="How Soon Is Now?">How Soon Is Now?</a>" reached number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. During 1985, the band undertook lengthy tours of the UK and the US while recording the next studio record, <a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a>. The album was released in June 1986, shortly after the single "<a href="/wiki/Bigmouth_Strikes_Again" title="Bigmouth Strikes Again">Bigmouth Strikes Again</a>". The record reached number 2 in the UK charts.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> All was not well within the band. A legal dispute with Rough Trade had delayed the album by almost seven months (it had been completed in November 1985), and Marr was beginning to feel the stress of the band's exhausting touring and recording schedule.<a href="#cite_note-mainstream-89">[89]</a> Meanwhile, Rourke was fired in early 1986 for his use of heroin.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Rourke was temporarily replaced on bass guitar by <a href="/wiki/Craig_Gannon" title="Craig Gannon">Craig Gannon</a>, but he was reinstated after only a fortnight. Gannon stayed in the band, switching to rhythm guitar. This five-piece recorded the singles "<a href="/wiki/Panic_(The_Smiths_song)" title="Panic (The Smiths song)">Panic</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ask_(song)" title="Ask (song)">Ask</a>" (with <a href="/wiki/Kirsty_MacColl" title="Kirsty MacColl">Kirsty MacColl</a> on backing vocals) which reached numbers 11 and 14 respectively on the UK Singles Chart,<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> and toured the UK. After the tour ended in October 1986, Gannon left the band. The band had become frustrated with Rough Trade and sought a record deal with a major label, ultimately signing with <a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI</a>, which drew criticism from some of the band's fanbase.<a href="#cite_note-mainstream-89">[89]</a> In early 1987, the single "<a href="/wiki/Shoplifters_of_the_World_Unite" title="Shoplifters of the World Unite">Shoplifters of the World Unite</a>" was released and reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> It was followed by a second compilation album, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Won%27t_Listen" title="The World Won't Listen">The World Won't Listen</a>, which reached number 2 in the charts<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a>—and the single "<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Take_a_Bow" title="Sheila Take a Bow">Sheila Take a Bow</a>", the band's second (and last during the band's lifetime) UK top-10 hit.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a> Despite their continued success, personal differences within the band—including the increasingly strained relationship between Morrissey and Marr—saw them on the verge of breaking up. In July 1987, Marr left the band and auditions to find a replacement proved fruitless. By the time that the band's fourth album <a href="/wiki/Strangeways,_Here_We_Come" title="Strangeways, Here We Come">Strangeways, Here We Come</a> was released in September, the band had broken up. Morrissey attributed the band's break-up to the lack of a managerial figure—in a 1989 interview with then-teenage fan <a href="/wiki/Tim_Samuels" title="Tim Samuels">Tim Samuels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Strangeways peaked at number 2 in the UK, but was only a minor US hit,<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> though it was more successful there than the band's previous albums. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solo_career">Solo career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solo career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_solo_work:_1988–1991">Early solo work: 1988–1991</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early solo work: 1988–1991">edit</a>]</div> Several months before the Smiths dissolved, Morrissey enlisted <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Street" title="Stephen Street">Stephen Street</a> as his personal producer and new songwriting partner, with whom he could begin his solo career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004102-93">[93]</a> By September 1987, he had begun work on his first solo album, <a href="/wiki/Viva_Hate" title="Viva Hate">Viva Hate</a>, at Wool Hall Studios near <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004102-93">[93]</a> it was recorded with the musicians <a href="/wiki/Vini_Reilly" title="Vini Reilly">Vini Reilly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Paresi" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Paresi">Andrew Paresi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004102–103-94">[94]</a> Rather than featuring pre-existing images of celebrities, as the Smiths' album and single covers had done, the cover sleeve of Viva Hate featured a photograph of Morrissey taken by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Corbijn" title="Anton Corbijn">Anton Corbijn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004106-95">[95]</a> In February 1988, EMI released the first single from this album, "<a href="/wiki/Suedehead" title="Suedehead">Suedehead</a>", which reached number 5 on the British singles chart, a higher position than any Smiths single had achieved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004104-96">[96]</a> The second single from the album, "<a href="/wiki/Everyday_Is_Like_Sunday" title="Everyday Is Like Sunday">Everyday Is Like Sunday</a>", was released in June and reached number 9.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004109-97">[97]</a> The album reached number 1 on the UK album charts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004106-95">[95]</a> The album's final song, "Margaret on the Guillotine", featured descriptions of Thatcher being executed; in response, the Conservative Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Dickens" title="Geoffrey Dickens">Geoffrey Dickens</a> accused Morrissey of being involved in a terrorist network and police <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Metropolitan_Police)" title="Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)">Special Branch</a> conducted a search of his Manchester home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004113–114-98">[98]</a> Morrissey's first solo performance took place at <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>'s Civic Hall in December 1988.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004119-99">[99]</a> The event attracted huge crowds, with NME journalist James Brown observing that "the excitement and atmosphere inside the hall was like nothing I have ever experienced at any public event".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004120-100">[100]</a> Following Viva Hate, Morrissey put out two new singles; "<a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Famous_International_Playboys" title="The Last of the Famous International Playboys">The Last of the Famous International Playboys</a>" was about the <a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">Kray twins</a>, gangsters who operated in London's East End, and reached number 6 on the UK singles chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004122–126-101">[101]</a> This was followed by "<a href="/wiki/Interesting_Drug" title="Interesting Drug">Interesting Drug</a>", which reached number 9.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004125-102">[102]</a> After his songwriting partnership with Street ended and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Winstanley" title="Alan Winstanley">Alan Winstanley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clive_Langer" title="Clive Langer">Clive Langer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004127-103">[103]</a> he recorded "<a href="/wiki/Ouija_Board,_Ouija_Board" title="Ouija Board, Ouija Board">Ouija Board, Ouija Board</a>", released as a single in November 1989; it reached number 18.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004127-103">[103]</a> Christian spokespeople and tabloid newspapers condemned the song, claiming that it promoted <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>, to which Morrissey responded that "the only contact I ever made with the dead was when I spoke to a journalist from The Sun."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004128-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forum_Inglewood.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forum_Inglewood.JPG/220px-Forum_Inglewood.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forum_Inglewood.JPG/330px-Forum_Inglewood.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forum_Inglewood.JPG/440px-Forum_Inglewood.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="1687" /></a><figcaption>In the 1990s Morrissey sold out The Forum in Los Angeles in fifteen minutes</figcaption></figure> With Winstanley and Langer he began work on his first compilation album, <a href="/wiki/Bona_Drag" title="Bona Drag">Bona Drag</a>, although only recorded six new songs for it, the rest of the album comprising his recent singles and B-sides.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004133–134-105">[105]</a> The album reached number 9 on the UK album chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004138-106">[106]</a> Two of the newly recorded Bona Drag tracks were released as singles: "<a href="/wiki/November_Spawned_a_Monster" title="November Spawned a Monster">November Spawned a Monster</a>", a song about a woman who is a wheelchair user, reached number 12 in the charts but received criticism from some who believed that it mocked disabled people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004134–135-107">[107]</a> The second, "<a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Palare" title="Piccadilly Palare">Piccadilly Palare</a>", referenced London <a href="/wiki/Rent_boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent boys">rent boys</a> and featured terms from the <a href="/wiki/Polari" title="Polari">polari</a> gay slang. Released in November 1990, it reached number 19 in the charts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004135-108">[108]</a> The song attracted some criticism from the British gay press, who were of the opinion that it was wrong for Morrissey to use polari when he was not openly gay;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004137–138-109">[109]</a> in an interview the previous year he had nevertheless acknowledged his attraction to both men and women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004129–130-110">[110]</a> Adopting <a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Nevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark E. Nevin">Mark E. Nevin</a> as his new songwriting partner,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004139-111">[111]</a> Morrissey created his second solo album, <a href="/wiki/Kill_Uncle" title="Kill Uncle">Kill Uncle</a>; released in March 1991, it peaked at number 8 on the album chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004139-111">[111]</a> The two singles released in promotion of the album, "<a href="/wiki/Our_Frank" title="Our Frank">Our Frank</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Sing_Your_Life" title="Sing Your Life">Sing Your Life</a>", failed to break the Top 20 on the singles charts, reaching number 26 and 33 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004139-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-guinness_book_solo-112">[112]</a> Another of the album's tracks, "Found, Found, Found", alluded to Morrissey's friendship with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stipe" title="Michael Stipe">Michael Stipe</a>, the lead singer of American indie rock band <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">REM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004140-113">[113]</a> Planning his first solo tour, Morrissey assembled several musicians with a background in <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> for his new backing group, including the guitarist <a href="/wiki/Boz_Boorer" title="Boz Boorer">Boz Boorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Whyte" title="Alain Whyte">Alain Whyte</a> and Spencer Cobrin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004143-114">[114]</a> Morrissey began the Kill Uncle tour in Europe; he brought <a href="/wiki/Phranc" title="Phranc">Phranc</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Support_act" class="mw-redirect" title="Support act">support act</a> and decorated the stage of each performance with a large image of <a href="/wiki/Edith_Sitwell" title="Edith Sitwell">Edith Sitwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004146–147-115">[115]</a> On the US leg of his tour, he sold out Los Angeles' 18,000 seat <a href="/wiki/The_Forum_(Inglewood,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Forum (Inglewood, California)">The Forum</a> in fifteen minutes, faster than <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> or <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> had done.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004156-116">[116]</a> During the performance, <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> joined him onstage for a rendition of T. Rex's "<a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Dancer" title="Cosmic Dancer">Cosmic Dancer</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004156-116">[116]</a> In the US, he sold out 25 of his 26 other performances;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004156-116">[116]</a> one Texan appearance was filmed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Broad" title="Tim Broad">Tim Broad</a> for release as the <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> Live in Dallas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004159-117">[117]</a> He proceeded to Japan—where he was frustrated by the authorities' tough stance toward fans—and then Australasia, where he cancelled several dates due to acute sinusitis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004162–166-118">[118]</a> The early 1990s were described by biographer David Bret as the "black phase" in Morrissey's relationship with the British music press, which was increasingly hostile and critical of him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004145-119">[119]</a> In some cases, this involved the press spreading misinformation, such as the claim that he and Phranc were recording a cover of "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Go_Breaking_My_Heart" title="Don't Go Breaking My Heart">Don't Go Breaking My Heart</a>";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004155-120">[120]</a> others, such as those of Barbara Ellen in <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>, were closer to personal attack than musical review.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004167-121">[121]</a> NME claimed that his cancelled performances reflected a disrespect towards his fans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004188–189-122">[122]</a> He became increasingly reticent in talking to British music journalists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004171-123">[123]</a> expressing frustration at how they constantly compared his solo work with that of the Smiths; "my past is almost denying me a future".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004152–153-124">[124]</a> He told one interviewer that the band he was then working with were technically better musicians than the Smiths had ever been.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004152–153-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_image:_1992–1995">Changing image: 1992–1995</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Changing image: 1992–1995">edit</a>]</div> In July 1992, Morrissey released the album <a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a>, which peaked at number 2 in the album chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004174-125">[125]</a> It was the final release from producer <a href="/wiki/Mick_Ronson" title="Mick Ronson">Mick Ronson</a>; Morrissey related that working with Ronson had been "the greatest privilege of my life".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004173-126">[126]</a> Your Arsenal reflected Morrissey's lament for what he regarded as the decline of British culture in the face of increasing Americanisation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004175-127">[127]</a> He told one interviewer that "everything is informed by American culture—everyone under fifty speaks American—and that's sad. We once had a strong identity and now that's gone completely".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004175-127">[127]</a> A number of the tracks on the album, most notably "<a href="/wiki/Certain_People_I_Know" title="Certain People I Know">Certain People I Know</a>" and "The National Front Disco", dealt with the lives and experiences of tough, working-class youths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004145–146-128">[128]</a> Your Arsenal was critically well received,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004174Simpson2004144-129">[129]</a> and often described as his best album since Viva Hate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004174-125">[125]</a> The first single, "<a href="/wiki/We_Hate_It_When_Our_Friends_Become_Successful" title="We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful">We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful</a>", had been released in April 1992 and peaked at number 17;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004172-130">[130]</a> this was followed by "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_the_One_for_Me,_Fatty" title="You're the One for Me, Fatty">You're the One for Me, Fatty</a>", which reached number 19 and "Certain People I Know", which reached number 34.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004177-131">[131]</a> From September to December, Morrissey embarked on a 53-date Your Arsenal tour in which he varyingly decorated the stage with backdrops of <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinhead</a> girls,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana_Dors" title="Diana Dors">Diana Dors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Richardson">Charlie Richardson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004190–191,_199-133">[133]</a> One of the performances was recorded and released as <a href="/wiki/Beethoven_Was_Deaf" title="Beethoven Was Deaf">Beethoven Was Deaf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004200-134">[134]</a> By the release of Your Arsenal, Morrissey's image had changed; according to Simpson, the singer had converted "from the aesthete interested in rough lads into a rough lad interested in aestheticism (and rough lads)".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004144-135">[135]</a> According to Woods, Morrissey developed an air of "quietly assured masculinity", representing "a more robust, burlier, beefier version of himself",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20077-136">[136]</a> while the poet and Morrissey fan <a href="/wiki/Simon_Armitage" title="Simon Armitage">Simon Armitage</a> described the transition as being one from that of "stick-thin, knock-me-over-with-a-feather campness" to that of a "mobster and bare-knuckle boxer image".<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> This new image was reflected in the cover art for Your Arsenal; a photograph taken by Sterling, it featured Morrissey onstage with his shirt open, displaying a muscular torso beneath.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004144-135">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:York_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/York_Hall.jpg/220px-York_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/York_Hall.jpg/330px-York_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/York_Hall.jpg/440px-York_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The York Hall boxing venue, which Morrissey frequented in the mid-1990s</figcaption></figure> In mid-1993, Morrissey co-wrote his fifth album, <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_and_I" title="Vauxhall and I">Vauxhall and I</a>, with Whyte and Boorer; it was produced by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Lillywhite" title="Steve Lillywhite">Steve Lillywhite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004202,_204Simpson2004154-138">[138]</a> Morrissey described the album as "the best I've ever made",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004204-139">[139]</a> and at the time believed it would be either his final or penultimate work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004201-140">[140]</a> It was both a critical and commercial success,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004205Simpson2004151-141">[141]</a> topping the UK album chart in March 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004205-142">[142]</a> The album had been named after <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall" title="Vauxhall">Vauxhall</a>, a district of South West London famous for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Vauxhall_Tavern" title="Royal Vauxhall Tavern">Royal Vauxhall Tavern</a> gay pub.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004204-139">[139]</a> One of the album's songs, "<a href="/wiki/The_More_You_Ignore_Me,_the_Closer_I_Get" title="The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get">The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get</a>", was released as a single at the time and reached number 8 in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004204-139">[139]</a> The single's sleeve featured images of Jake Walters, a skinhead in his twenties, who was living with Morrissey at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004204–205-143">[143]</a> Walters had introduced Morrissey to <a href="/wiki/York_Hall" title="York Hall">York Hall</a>, a boxing venue in <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green" title="Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a>, part of London's <a href="/wiki/East_End" class="mw-redirect" title="East End">East End</a>, with the singer spending an increasing amount of time there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004214-144">[144]</a> That year, he also released a non-album single, "<a href="/wiki/Interlude_(Timi_Yuro_song)" title="Interlude (Timi Yuro song)">Interlude</a>", a duet with <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_Sioux" title="Siouxsie Sioux">Siouxsie Sioux</a>: the track was a cover of a <a href="/wiki/Timi_Yuro" title="Timi Yuro">Timi Yuro</a> song. The record was published under the banner "Morrissey & Siouxsie"; due to record company issues, "Interlude" was only available on import outside Europe.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In the autumn of 1994, Morrissey recorded five songs at South London's <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Studios" title="Olympic Studios">Olympic Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004216-146">[146]</a> In January 1995 the single "<a href="/wiki/Boxers_(Morrissey_single)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxers (Morrissey single)">Boxers</a>" was released, reaching number 23 on the singles chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004217-147">[147]</a> In February 1995, he embarked on the Boxers tour, supported by the band <a href="/wiki/Marion_(band)" title="Marion (band)">Marion</a> and featuring a backdrop depiction of the boxer <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Carr" title="Cornelius Carr">Cornelius Carr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004219-148">[148]</a> One of these performances was filmed by <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Brien_(filmmaker)" title="James O'Brien (filmmaker)">James O'Brien</a> and released as the VHS Introducing Morrissey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004221-149">[149]</a> In December 1995, the song "<a href="/wiki/Sunny_(Morrissey_song)" title="Sunny (Morrissey song)">Sunny</a>" was released as a single; a lament for Morrissey's terminated relationship with Walters, the song was the first of Morrissey's singles not to chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004216-146">[146]</a> In 1995 the compilation album <a href="/wiki/World_of_Morrissey" title="World of Morrissey">World of Morrissey</a> was released, containing largely B-sides.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004219,_220-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Los_Angeles:_1995–2003">Move to Los Angeles: 1995–2003</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Move to Los Angeles: 1995–2003">edit</a>]</div> After his contract with EMI expired, Morrissey signed to <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004224-151">[151]</a> On this label he recorded his next album, <a href="/wiki/Southpaw_Grammar" title="Southpaw Grammar">Southpaw Grammar</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Miraval_Studios" title="Miraval Studios">Miraval Studios</a> in southern France before releasing it in August 1995.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004224,_226-152">[152]</a> Its cover art featured an image of the boxer <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Lane" title="Kenny Lane">Kenny Lane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004226-153">[153]</a> It reached number 4 in the UK album charts,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004226-153">[153]</a> but made little impact compared to its two predecessors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004159-154">[154]</a> In September 1995, Morrissey served as the support act for the British leg of Bowie's <a href="/wiki/Outside_Tour" title="Outside Tour">Outside Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004233-155">[155]</a> Backstage at the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> gig, Morrissey was taken ill and taken to hospital; he did not return for the rest of the tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004237–238-156">[156]</a> Later referring to the tour critically, he said that when you become involved with Bowie, "you have to worship at the Temple of David".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004262–263-157">[157]</a> In December 1996, a legal case against Morrissey and Marr brought by Smiths' drummer Mike Joyce arrived at the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a>. Joyce alleged that he had not received his fair share of recording and performance royalties from his time with the band, calling for at least £1 million in damages and 25% of all future Smiths album sales. After a seven-day hearing, the judge ruled in favour of Joyce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004240–243-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In summing up the case, Judge Justice Weeks referred to Morrissey as "devious, truculent and unreliable when his own interests were at stake", with the words "devious" and "truculent" being widely used in press coverage of the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004243–244Simpson2004161–162-160">[160]</a> Marr paid the money legally owed to Joyce but Morrissey launched an appeal against the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004244Simpson2004162-161">[161]</a> He said that the judge had been biased against him from the start of the proceedings because of his public criticisms of Thatcher and her government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004245-162">[162]</a> Morrissey lost his appeal in July 1998, although he launched another soon after;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004245-162">[162]</a> this too was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In a November 2005 statement, Morrissey said that Joyce had cost him £600,000 in legal fees alone and approximately £1,515,000 in total.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Morrissey returned on <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a> in 1997, releasing the single "<a href="/wiki/Alma_Matters" title="Alma Matters">Alma Matters</a>" in July,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] followed by his next album <a href="/wiki/Maladjusted" title="Maladjusted">Maladjusted</a> in August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004247-165">[165]</a> The album peaked at number 8 in the UK album charts. Its further two singles, "<a href="/wiki/Roy%27s_Keen" title="Roy's Keen">Roy's Keen</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Satan_Rejected_My_Soul" title="Satan Rejected My Soul">Satan Rejected My Soul</a>", both peaked outside the top 30 on the UK singles chart.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book_solo-112">[112]</a> Having been unhappy with the cover design for Southpaw Grammar, Morrissey left control of cover art of Maladjusted to his record company, but again was unsatisfied with the result.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004275-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uncut_(magazine)" title="Uncut (magazine)">Uncut</a> reported in 1998 that Morrissey no longer had a record deal.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The following year, he embarked on the Oye Esteban Tour, and was one of the headliners of the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Festival">Coachella Festival</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The England that I have loved, and I have sung about, and whose death I have sung about, I felt had finally slipped away. And so I was no longer saying, "England is dying." I was beginning to say, "Well, yes, it has died and here's the carcass"—so why hang around? </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Morrissey, on his move to Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20045-169">[169]</a></cite> </div> Leaving Britain, Morrissey purchased a house in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Heights,_Los_Angeles" title="Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles">Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles</a>. It had formerly been the residence of <a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a> and had been re-designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Haines" title="William Haines">William Haines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004256-170">[170]</a> Over the next few years he rarely returned to Britain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004256-170">[170]</a> In 2002, Morrissey returned with a world tour, culminating in two sold-out nights at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, during which he played as-yet unreleased songs.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Outside the US and Europe, concerts also took place in Australia and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> During this time, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> filmed The Importance of Being Morrissey, a documentary which aired in 2003; it was Morrissey's first major screen interview to appear on British television.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004116-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> He told interviewers that he was working on an autobiography,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004258-175">[175]</a> and expressed criticism of reality television music shows like <a href="/wiki/Pop_Idol" title="Pop Idol">Pop Idol</a> which were then in their infancy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004256,_257-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comeback:_2004–2009">Comeback: 2004–2009</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Comeback: 2004–2009">edit</a>]</div> In 2003, Morrissey signed to <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Records" title="Sanctuary Records">Sanctuary Records</a>, where he was given the defunct <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> label <a href="/wiki/Attack_Records" title="Attack Records">Attack Records</a> to use for his next project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004259-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-misfit-178">[178]</a> Produced by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Finn" title="Jerry Finn">Jerry Finn</a> and recorded in both Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, Morrissey's seventh solo album was <a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Quarry" title="You Are the Quarry">You Are the Quarry</a>; it was released in May 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004264,_278-179">[179]</a> The album's cover art featured an image of Morrissey carrying a <a href="/wiki/Tommy_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommy gun">Tommy gun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004278-180">[180]</a> It peaked at number 2 on the UK album chart and number 11 on the U.S. Billboard album chart.<a href="#cite_note-guinness_book_solo-112">[112]</a> The first single, "<a href="/wiki/Irish_Blood,_English_Heart" title="Irish Blood, English Heart">Irish Blood, English Heart</a>", reached number 3 in the UK singles chart, the highest ranked single of his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004276-181">[181]</a> Promoting the album, he made appearances on both <a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops">Top of the Pops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Later_with_Jools_Holland" class="mw-redirect" title="Later with Jools Holland">Later with Jools Holland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004283-182">[182]</a> and gave his first television interview in 17 years on <a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_with_Jonathan_Ross" title="Friday Night with Jonathan Ross">Friday Night with Jonathan Ross</a>; Morrissey was visibly uncomfortable with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ross" title="Jonathan Ross">Jonathan Ross</a>' questions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004276–277-183">[183]</a> He also agreed to interviews with various press outlets, including the NME, stating that "the nasty old guard" who controlled the magazine in the 1990s were gone and that it was not "the smelly NME any more".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004271-184">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg/220px-Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg/330px-Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg/440px-Morrissey_at_La_Zona_Rosa_-_SXSW_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey performing in 2006</figcaption></figure> To promote the album, Morrissey embarked on a world tour from April to November.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> He marked his 45th birthday with a concert at the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena" title="Manchester Arena">Manchester Arena</a>, supported by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_(band)" title="Franz Ferdinand (band)">Franz Ferdinand</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004267,_284–285-186">[186]</a> it was recorded for release as the DVD <a href="/wiki/Who_Put_the_M_in_Manchester%3F" title="Who Put the M in Manchester?">Who Put the M in Manchester?</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Morrissey was also invited to curate that year's <a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(festival)" title="Meltdown (festival)">Meltdown</a> festival at London's <a href="/wiki/Southbank_Centre" title="Southbank Centre">Southbank Centre</a>. Among the acts he secured were <a href="/wiki/Sparks_(band)" title="Sparks (band)">Sparks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudon_Wainwright_III" title="Loudon Wainwright III">Loudon Wainwright III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Marchetto" title="Ennio Marchetto">Ennio Marchetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sinatra" title="Nancy Sinatra">Nancy Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cockney_Rejects" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cockney Rejects">The Cockney Rejects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lypsinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lypsinka">Lypsinka</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ordinary_Boys" title="The Ordinary Boys">The Ordinary Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Libertines" title="The Libertines">The Libertines</a>, and playwright <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004267–268-187">[187]</a> He had unsuccessfully attempted to secure appearances from <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004267-188">[188]</a> That year he also performed at several UK music festivals, including <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Festival">Reading</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004268-189">[189]</a> Morrissey's eighth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Ringleader_of_the_Tormentors" title="Ringleader of the Tormentors">Ringleader of the Tormentors</a>, was recorded in Rome and released in April 2006. It debuted at number 1 in the UK album charts and number 27 in the US.<a href="#cite_note-chart_stats-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-billboard_solo_albums-191">[191]</a> The album yielded four singles: "<a href="/wiki/You_Have_Killed_Me" title="You Have Killed Me">You Have Killed Me</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Youngest_Was_the_Most_Loved" title="The Youngest Was the Most Loved">The Youngest Was the Most Loved</a>", "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Future_When_All%27s_Well" title="In the Future When All's Well">In the Future When All's Well</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Want_to_See_the_Boy_Happy" title="I Just Want to See the Boy Happy">I Just Want to See the Boy Happy</a>".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The album was produced by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Visconti" title="Tony Visconti">Tony Visconti</a>; Morrissey called the album "the most beautiful—perhaps the most gentle—so far". <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> described the album as showcasing "a thicker, more rock-driven sound".<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg/170px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg/255px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg/340px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey at <a href="/wiki/SXSW" class="mw-redirect" title="SXSW">SXSW</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> In December 2007, Morrissey signed a new deal with <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a>, which included a <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Morrissey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Hits (Morrissey)">Greatest Hits</a> album and a new studio album.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Greatest Hits charted at number 5 in the UK album chart.<a href="#cite_note-chart_stats-190">[190]</a> "<a href="/wiki/That%27s_How_People_Grow_Up" title="That's How People Grow Up">That's How People Grow Up</a>" was the first single from Greatest Hits, reaching number 14 in the UK charts.<a href="#cite_note-chart_stats-190">[190]</a> A second single from the album, "<a href="/wiki/All_You_Need_Is_Me" title="All You Need Is Me">All You Need Is Me</a>", followed. His ninth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Refusal" title="Years of Refusal">Years of Refusal</a>, originally due in September, was postponed until February 2009, as a result of the death of producer <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Finn" title="Jerry Finn">Jerry Finn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> and the lack of an American label to distribute the album.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> When released by the Universal Music Group, it reached number 3 in the UK Albums Chart<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> and 11 in the US Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The record was widely acclaimed by critics,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> with comparisons made to Your Arsenal<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> and Vauxhall and I.<a href="#cite_note-ewing-200">[200]</a> A review from <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitchfork Media">Pitchfork Media</a> noted that with Years of Refusal, Morrissey "has rediscovered himself, finding new potency in his familiar arsenal. Morrissey's rejuvenation is most obvious in the renewed strength of his vocals" and called it his "most venomous, score-settling album, and in a perverse way that makes it his most engaging".<a href="#cite_note-ewing-200">[200]</a> "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Throwing_My_Arms_Around_Paris" title="I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris">I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Something_Is_Squeezing_My_Skull" title="Something Is Squeezing My Skull">Something Is Squeezing My Skull</a>" were released as the record's singles. The song "Black Cloud" features the guitar playing of <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck">Jeff Beck</a>. Throughout 2009, Morrissey toured to promote the album. As part of the extensive Tour of Refusal, Morrissey followed a lengthy US tour with concerts booked in Ireland, the UK, and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In October 2009, <a href="/wiki/Swords_(album)" title="Swords (album)">Swords</a>, a B-sides collection of material released between 2004 and 2009, was released.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> It peaked at 55 on the UK albums chart, and Morrissey later called it "a meek disaster".<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> On the second date of the UK tour to promote Swords, Morrissey collapsed onstage in <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> and was briefly hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Following the Swords tour, Morrissey had fulfilled his contractual obligation to Universal Records and was without a record company.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_albums_and_literary_work:_2010–2019">Further albums and literary work: 2010–2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further albums and literary work: 2010–2019">edit</a>]</div> In April 2011, EMI issued a new compilation, <a href="/wiki/Very_Best_of_Morrissey" title="Very Best of Morrissey">Very Best of Morrissey</a>, for which the singer had chosen the track list and artwork.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In March 2011, Morrissey took Ron Laffitte as his manager.<a href="#cite_note-true-to-you1-208">[208]</a> In June and July 2011, Morrissey played a UK tour;<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> during his 2011 performance at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a>, Morrissey criticised UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> for attempting to prevent a ban on wild animals performing in circuses, calling him a "silly twit".<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> This was followed by several dates elsewhere in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Morrissey's 2012 tour started in South America and continued through Asia and North America. Morrissey played concerts in Belgium, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Portugal, England, and Scotland. In late September, while visiting Strand Bookstore in Manhattan, he saved an elderly lady who had fainted beside him.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Between January and March 2013, Morrissey toured 32 North American cities, beginning in Greenvale, New York and ending in Portland, Oregon.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> and her band were special guests at the <a href="/wiki/Staples_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Staples Center">Staples Center</a> concert in Los Angeles, and Kristeen Young opened on all nights.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg/170px-HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg/255px-HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg/340px-HopFarm2011-0702-036.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey during his performance at the Hop Farm Festival 2011</figcaption></figure> In January 2013, Morrissey was diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer and several engagements were rescheduled.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> On 7 March, Morrissey was hospitalised again, this time with pneumonia in both lungs.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> One week later, the rest of the tour was cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> During his rehabilitation he spent time in Ireland, where he watched <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_national_football_team" title="Republic of Ireland national football team">the country's football team</a> play a match against <a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a> in the company of his cousin <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Keane" title="Robbie Keane">Robbie Keane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In April, EMI reissued the single "The Last of the Famous International Playboys", backed by three new songs: "People Are the Same Everywhere", "Action Is My Middle Name", and "The Kid's a Looker", all recorded live in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-True-220">[220]</a> Starting in June, Morrissey performed in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Chile.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> In August, Morrissey's concert at Hollywood High School on 2 March 2013, had a worldwide cinema release.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Morrissey:_25_Live" title="Morrissey: 25 Live">Morrissey: 25 Live</a> marks Morrissey's 25th year as a solo artist, and was the first authorised live Morrissey DVD in nine years.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> In July, Morrissey cancelled the South American leg of his tour due to a "lack of funding", saying it was "the last of many final straws".<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In October 2013, Morrissey's autobiography, titled <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiography (Morrissey)">Autobiography</a>, was released after a "content dispute" had delayed it from the initial release date of 16 September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The book's release caused controversy as it was published as a "contemporary classic" under the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a> label at Morrissey's request, which some critics felt devalued the Penguin Classics label.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Morrissey had completed the 660-page book in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> before shopping it to publishers such as <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The book received divergent reviews: <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> giving it a five-star review that described it as "the best written musical autobiography since <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chronicles:_Volume_One" title="Chronicles: Volume One">Chronicles</a>", while <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> criticised the book's "droning <a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a>" as well as its status as a Penguin Classic.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The book entered the UK book charts at number 1, nearly 35,000 copies being sold in its first week.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In December, a 2011 live cover version of <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Satellite_of_Love#Morrissey_cover" title="Satellite of Love">Satellite of Love</a>", was released as a single.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> In January 2014, Morrissey signed a two-record deal with <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Music">Capitol Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> His tenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a>, was released in July.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy-234">[234]</a> Prior to its release, he embarked on a US tour in May,<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> but was hospitalised in Boston in early June, cancelling the remaining nine tour dates.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> After finishing a six date tour in the UK, he did a US tour during June and July, including a concert in New York with special guest <a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a> at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In July 2015, he publicly claimed that an airport security guard had groped him at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a>. He filed a sexual assault complaint; the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> found no supporting evidence to act on the allegation.<a href="#cite_note-King-238">[238]</a> In August, Capitol Music and Harvest Records ended their contracts with Morrissey.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> In October, he disclosed he had received treatment for <a href="/wiki/Barrett%27s_esophagus" title="Barrett's esophagus">Barrett's oesophageal cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-King-238">[238]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_(40726127751).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg/220px-Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg/330px-Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg/440px-Morrissey_-_Royal_Albert_Hall_-_Wednesday_7th_March_2018_MozRAH070318-45_%2840726127751%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4560" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey performing at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> in March 2018</figcaption></figure> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> published Morrissey's first novel, <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Lost" title="List of the Lost">List of the Lost</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In November 2017, his eleventh studio album, <a href="/wiki/Low_in_High_School" title="Low in High School">Low in High School</a>, was released through <a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG</a> and Morrissey's own Etienne record label.<a href="#cite_note-lowhs-243">[243]</a> That same month, Morrissey attracted press attention and criticism for comments made in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>: he stated that it was "quite sad" that distinct national identities in Europe were being undermined by politicians trying "to introduce a multicultural aspect to everything",<a href="#cite_note-spiegel-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-spiegelaudio-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> and that some individuals claiming victimhood as part of the <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement">Me Too movement</a> were not genuine victims of sexual assault but were "simply disappointed".<a href="#cite_note-spiegel-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter-247">[247]</a> Morrissey accused Der Spiegel of misquoting him and said it would be his last print interview.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> He played two shows at Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> in November.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Morrissey's first UK tour since 2015 began in Aberdeen and concluded in London.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> In November 2018, Morrissey released a cover of <a href="/wiki/The_Pretenders" title="The Pretenders">the Pretenders</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Back_on_the_Chain_Gang" title="Back on the Chain Gang">Back on the Chain Gang</a>",<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> performing it on <a href="/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden" title="The Late Late Show with James Corden">The Late Late Show with James Corden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> In May 2019, Morrissey played a seven-night residency at the <a href="/wiki/Lunt-Fontanne_Theatre" title="Lunt-Fontanne Theatre">Lunt-Fontanne Theatre</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> prior to the release of his twelfth studio album, a <a href="/wiki/Covers_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Covers album">covers album</a> titled <a href="/wiki/California_Son" title="California Son">California Son</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_more_albums,_unreleased_album_and_Without_Music_The_World_Dies:_2020–present">Two more albums, unreleased album and Without Music The World Dies: 2020–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Two more albums, unreleased album and Without Music The World Dies: 2020–present">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MorrisseyTroxy220723_(38_of_48)_(53064567622)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-MorrisseyTroxy220723_%2838_of_48%29_%2853064567622%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey performing in 2023</figcaption></figure> Morrissey released an 11-track album <a href="/wiki/I_Am_Not_a_Dog_on_a_Chain" title="I Am Not a Dog on a Chain">I Am Not a Dog on a Chain</a> in late March 2020. The lead single, "Bobby, Don't You Think They Know?" featuring <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> soul singer <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Houston" title="Thelma Houston">Thelma Houston</a>, was also made available on streaming sites.<a href="#cite_note-dog-255">[255]</a> In November 2020, Morrissey's deal with BMG expired and was not renewed.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> Morrissey completed a <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> residency in July 2022 titled "Viva Moz Vegas" for the second year in a row.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> He completed tour dates in the UK and Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> On 29 October 2022, it was announced that Morrissey would be releasing his fourteenth solo album <a href="/wiki/Bonfire_of_Teenagers" title="Bonfire of Teenagers">Bonfire of Teenagers</a> in February 2023 on <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> in the US, although he did not sign with a label for a UK release.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> The album has eleven songs produced by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Watt_(record_producer)" title="Andrew Watt (record producer)">Andrew Watt</a> and features <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> members <a href="/wiki/Chad_Smith" title="Chad Smith">Chad Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flea_(musician)" title="Flea (musician)">Flea</a> alongside their former bandmate <a href="/wiki/Josh_Klinghoffer" title="Josh Klinghoffer">Josh Klinghoffer</a>. Guests also included singers <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> who contributed backing vocals.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> In addition, Capitol planned to re-issue several of Morrissey's albums released between 1995 and 2014, with the exception of Maladjusted.<a href="#cite_note-Release-262">[262]</a> On 15 November, it was announced that Bonfire of Teenagers was no longer scheduled to release in February, with Morrissey saying that the fate of the album was exclusively in the hands of the label.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> On 25 November 2022, the album's lead single, "Rebels Without Applause", was released by Capitol Records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> On 23 and 24 December, Morrissey announced that he had voluntarily parted ways with his current management companies, <a href="/wiki/Maverick_(management)" title="Maverick (management)">Maverick</a> and Quest, withdrew any association with Capitol Records, and revealed that Cyrus requested to have her vocals removed from the album, which still remains under the control of Capitol and would no longer be releasing it.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> He later confirmed in February 2023 that Capitol, while still maintaining control of the album, will not release Bonfire of Teenagers; he also suggested that the album had been "sabotaged" by Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> On 8 December 2022, Morrissey announced that in January and February 2023, he would record a new album, titled <a href="/wiki/Without_Music_the_World_Dies" title="Without Music the World Dies">Without Music the World Dies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> On 20 February 2023, he announced the album had been completed and unveiled its tracklist, before offering the album to any record labels or <a href="/wiki/Private_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Private investors">private investors</a> who would be willing to distribute it.<a href="#cite_note-:2-271">[271]</a> In 2024, "Interlude", Morrissey's duet with Siouxsie, was re-released on 12-inch gold vinyl for <a href="/wiki/Record_Store_Day" title="Record Store Day">Record Store Day</a> on 20 April 2024; it was available in the UK and other parts of Europe only.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> In August 2024, Morrissey claimed in a post on his website that he and Marr had received a "lucrative offer" to tour as the Smiths in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-moz_central_2024-273">[273]</a> The singer claims he accepted the invitation, but Marr did not respond. Marr did not publicly comment, but had then-recently posted a picture of right wing British politician <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> to rebuke calls to reunite in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>'s reunion. Marr previously claimed in 2016 that Morrissey's politics aligned with Farage's, joking that any potential Smiths reunion would feature the politician as their replacement guitarist.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_reunion_2024-274">[274]</a> Marr's statement also clarified other claims made by Morrissey's team on Morrissey's website such as that Marr had filed for 100% ownership of the Smiths' intellectual property and trademark rights without having consulted with Morrissey despite the fact that "Morrissey alone created the musical unit name "The Smiths' in May 1982".<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> In Marr's statement, it was clarified that Marr discovered that the band did not own the trademark, and in an effort to protect the trademark from a third party attempt made in 2018 to use the band's name, Marr registered the trademark solely under his name after a failure to receive a response from Morrissey and his representatives. In January 2024, Marr signed an agreement to share ownership of the name with Morrissey, an agreement Morrissey has yet to follow up on. Marr further clarified that the efforts to take the trademark were not to tour under the Smiths' name with a singer of Marr's choice (contrary to the claims made by Morrissey's team), but rather simply to protect the band's name and use of the name.<a href="#cite_note-Marr_Variety-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry">Artistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Artistry">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lyrics">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Mark Simpson</a> characterised Morrissey as "the anti-pop idol", representing "the last, greatest and most gravely worrying product of an era when pop music was all there was".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200410,_11-277">[277]</a> Music journalist and biographer <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rogan" title="Johnny Rogan">Johnny Rogan</a> stated that Morrissey's œuvre seems based on "endlessly re-examining a lost, painful past".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199215-278">[278]</a> Morrissey's lyrics have been described as "dramatic, bleak, funny <a href="/wiki/Vignette_(literature)" title="Vignette (literature)">vignettes</a> about doomed relationships, lonely nightclubs, the burden of the past and the prison of the home".<a href="#cite_note-gatti-279">[279]</a> According to Mark Simpson, there is a common feeling that his music's emphasis on the sadness of life is depressing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004127-280">[280]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg/220px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg/330px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg/440px-Morrissey_Live_at_SXSW_Austin_in_March_2006-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey Live at SXSW Austin in March 2006</figcaption></figure> His lyrics are characterised by their usage of black humour, self-deprecation, and the pop vernacular.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200448–49-281">[281]</a> Many of his lyrics avoid mentioning the gender of the narrator, and thus provide both male and female listeners with multiple points of identification.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199224Simpson200461-282">[282]</a> Simpson felt that his lyrics often highlighted "the essential absurdity of gender".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004103-283">[283]</a> Discussing the Smiths' lyrics in 1992, Stringer highlighted that they placed great emphasis on the concept of Englishness, but added that unlike the contemporary <a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">Two-Tone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a> movements, they focused on white England rather than exploring its multi-cultural counterpart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199220-284">[284]</a> Although noting that during the 1980s emphasising white identity was a trait closely linked with right-wing politics, Stringer expressed the view that the Smiths represented "the only sustained response that white, English pop/rock music was able to make" against the Thatcher government's "appropriation of white, English national identity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199220-284">[284]</a> His lyrics have expressed disdain for many elements of British society, including the government, church, education system, royal family, meat-eating, money, gender, discos, fame, and relationships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200499-285">[285]</a> In his lyrics for the Smiths, Morrissey avoided explicit descriptions of the consummation of sex; rather, he sings about the anticipation, frustration, aversion, or final disappointment with sex.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200410–101-286">[286]</a> Stringer suggested that this deliberate avoidance of sex was a reflection of the band's 'Englishness' because it invoked English cultures' "lack of emotional expression, the way in which feelings, and especially sexual feelings, cannot be expressed directly through casual touch, body contact and so on".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199222-287">[287]</a> Male homoerotic elements can be found in many of the Smiths' lyrics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004106-288">[288]</a> but these also included sexualised descriptions featuring women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004107–208-289">[289]</a> Morrissey has described having "a macabre fascination" with violence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004232-290">[290]</a> Simpson opined that Morrissey's lyrics "bleed and throb with violent imagery", citing the references to bus crashes and suicide pacts in "There is a Light that Never Goes Out", smashed teeth in "Bigmouth Strikes Again", and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_apocalypse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear apocalypse">nuclear apocalypse</a> in both "Ask" and "Everyday is Like Sunday".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004131-291">[291]</a> More broadly, Morrissey had a longstanding interest in thuggery, whether that be murderers, gangsters, rough trade, or skinheads.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004226-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_style">Performance style</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Performance style">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/220px-Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/330px-Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/440px-Morrissey_and_band_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>As a solo performer, Morrissey typically featured older imagery as his stage backdrop, as seen here at a 2011 performance in Berlin</figcaption></figure> Morrissey's vocals have been cited as having a particularly distinctive quality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199220Simpson200448-292">[292]</a> Simpson believed that Morrissey's work embodied and personified that of the "Northern Women", speaking in styles of vernacular language that would be common to many women living in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">northern England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200449–50-293">[293]</a> In this he was strongly influenced by the Northern singer <a href="/wiki/Cilla_Black" title="Cilla Black">Cilla Black</a>, who had a successful career as a pop music singer in the 1960s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200450-294">[294]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Viv_Nicholson" title="Viv Nicholson">Viv Nicholson</a>, who similarly earned fame during that decade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200450-294">[294]</a> Other female singers from that decade who have been cited as an influence on Morrissey have been the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Lulu_(singer)" title="Lulu (singer)">Lulu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200450-294">[294]</a> and the Essexer <a href="/wiki/Sandie_Shaw" title="Sandie Shaw">Sandie Shaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200452–53-295">[295]</a> However, Stringer noted that rather than expressly singing in a Mancunian working-class accent, Morrissey adopted a "very clipped, precise enunciation" and sang in "clear English diction".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199219-296">[296]</a> He is also noted for his unusual <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> vocal style (though he sometimes uses <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a>).<a href="#cite_note-greatestsingers-297">[297]</a> When performing onstage, he often whips his microphone cord about, particularly during his up-tempo tracks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20043Simpson2004131-298">[298]</a> Simpson believed that Morrissey often gave "slyly aggressive gestures" while onstage; he cited two instances from Top of the Pops, one in which Morrissey used hand gestures to pretend shooting at the audience during "Shoplifters of the World Unite" and another in which he turned his microphone cord into a hangman's noose while repeating the lyrics "Hang the DJ, hang the DJ" in the song "Panic".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004132-299">[299]</a> Rogan claimed that Morrissey exhibited "a power onstage which I have seldom seen from any other artiste of his generation", and that while performing he "oozes charisma, offering that peculiar combination of gauche vulnerability and athleticism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199215-278">[278]</a> On various occasions, Morrissey has expressed anger when he believes that bouncers and the security teams at his concerts have treated the audience poorly. For instance, at his <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> concert as part of the Your Arsenal tour he stopped his performance to rebuke bouncers for hitting fans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004193–194-300">[300]</a> On 12 November 2022, while playing a live show in Los Angeles at the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Greek Theatre (Los Angeles)">Greek Theater</a>, he finished the set just after 9 songs and left without notice, upsetting many fans.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> The bandmates hung around for over 10 minutes before realizing he was not coming back and it was announced that the show was being cancelled for "unforseen circumstances." It was speculated by some fans that the weather may have been too cold for him.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Throughout his career, Morrissey has retained an intensely private personal life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> A longtime resident of Los Angeles in the US, he also has homes in Italy, Switzerland, and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In 2017, Los Angeles declared 10 November "Morrissey Day".<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> Friends refer to him as "Morrissey",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004263-306">[306]</a> and he dislikes the nickname "Moz", telling one interviewer that "it's like something you'd squirt on the kitchen floor".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004263-306">[306]</a> His mother, Elizabeth Anne Dwyer, died in August 2020 at the age of 82 from <a href="/wiki/Gallbladder_cancer" title="Gallbladder cancer">gallbladder cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Morrissey has described himself a <a href="/wiki/Lapsed_Catholic" title="Lapsed Catholic">lapsed Catholic</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20076-308">[308]</a> and has criticised the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004250-309">[309]</a> In 1991, he said that he believed in an <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004128-104">[104]</a> Morrissey is a cousin of Irish footballer <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Keane" title="Robbie Keane">Robbie Keane</a> and once said, "To watch [Keane] on the pitch—pacing like a lion, as weightless as an astronaut, is pure therapy."<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> He is also a fan of boxing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004122-312">[312]</a> Morrissey has described having clinical depression, for which he has pursued professional help.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004195-313">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_image">Public image</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Public image">edit</a>]</div> Julian Stringer has characterised Morrissey as a man with various contradictory traits, being "an ordinary, working-class 'anti-star' who nevertheless loves to hog the spotlight, a nice man who says the nastiest things about other people, a shy man who is also an outrageous narcissist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199216-85">[85]</a> He further suggested that part of Morrissey's appeal was that he conveyed the image of a "cultivated English gentleman, being every inch the typically English 'gent' he is perfectly representative of that type's loathing for cant and hypocrisy, and his fragile, quasi-gay sexuality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199217-314">[314]</a> Similarly, Morrissey biographer <a href="/wiki/David_Bret" title="David Bret">David Bret</a> described him as being "quintessentially English",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> while Mark Simpson termed him a <a href="/wiki/Little_Englander" title="Little Englander">Little Englander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004147-315">[315]</a> Morrissey is known for his criticism of the British music press, royalty, politicians and people who eat meat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004117-316">[316]</a> According to Bret, his "withering attacks" on those he disliked are typically delivered in a "laid-back" manner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004116-173">[173]</a> During the 1980s, interviewer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Morley" title="Paul Morley">Paul Morley</a> stated that Morrissey "sets out to be a decent man and he succeeds because that is what he is".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004118-317">[317]</a> Eddie Sanderson, who interviewed Morrissey for <a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a> in 1992, said that "underneath all the rock star flim-flam, Morrissey is actually a very nice chap, excellent company, perfectly willing and able to talk about any subject one cared to throw at him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004183-318">[318]</a> Having photographed him in 2004, Mischa Richter described Morrissey as "genuinely lovely".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004266-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_rights_advocacy">Animal rights advocacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Animal rights advocacy">edit</a>]</div> A vocal advocate of <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> issues,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20076-308">[308]</a> Morrissey has been a vegetarian since the age of 11.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> He has explained his vegetarianism by saying that "if you love animals, obviously it doesn't make sense to hurt them".<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> Morrissey announced in 2015 that he is a <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a>. He spoke of difficulties transitioning from vegetarianism to veganism.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> In a 2018 interview, Morrissey stated that he "refuse[s] to eat anything that had a mother" but has always had difficulties with food, stating that he only eats bread, potatoes, pasta and nuts despite the increasing availability of more varied vegan food.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Morrissey is a supporter of <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA). In recognition of his support, PETA honoured him with the <a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda McCartney</a> Memorial Award at their 25th Anniversary Gala on 10 September 2005.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> He appeared in a PETA advert in 2012, encouraging people to have their dogs and cats <a href="/wiki/Neutered" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutered">neutered</a> to help reduce the number of homeless pets.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> In 2014, PETA worked with animator Anna Saunders to create a cartoon called Someday in honour of Morrissey's 55th birthday. It features his song "I Know It's Gonna Happen Someday" and highlights the journey of a young chick.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> In January 2006, Morrissey attracted criticism when he stated that he accepts the motives behind the militant tactics of the <a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Militia" title="Animal Rights Militia">Animal Rights Militia</a>, saying, "I understand why fur-farmers and so-called laboratory scientists are repaid with violence—it is because they deal in violence themselves and it's the only language they understand."<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> He has criticised people who are involved in the promotion of eating meat, including <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Oliver" title="Jamie Oliver">Jamie Oliver</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dickson_Wright" title="Clarissa Dickson Wright">Clarissa Dickson Wright</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> The latter had already been targeted by some animal rights activists for her stance on <a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">fox hunting</a>. In response, Dickson Wright stated, "Morrissey is encouraging people to commit acts of violence and I am constantly aware that something might very well happen to me."<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a> criticised Morrissey's comments, saying that "any incitement to violence is obviously wrong in a civilised society and should be investigated by the police".<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Morrissey has also criticised the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> for their involvement in fox hunting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004117-316">[316]</a> In 2006, Morrissey refused to include Canada in his world tour that year and supported a boycott of Canadian goods in protest against the country's annual <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal hunt">seal hunt</a>, which he described as a "barbaric and cruel slaughter".<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> In 2018, he changed his approach, feeling that his previous "stance was ultimately of no use and helped no one", and pledged to donate to animal protection groups in the cities where he would perform. He also invited those groups to set up stalls at his concerts.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> During an interview with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Armitage" title="Simon Armitage">Simon Armitage</a> in 2010, Morrissey said that "you can't help but feel that the Chinese are a subspecies" due to their "horrific" <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare_and_rights_in_China" title="Animal welfare and rights in China">treatment of animals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> Armitage said: "He must have known it would make waves, he's not daft. But clearly, when it comes to animal rights and animal welfare, he's absolutely unshakable in his beliefs. In his view, if you treat an animal badly, you are less than human."<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> At a concert in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> on 24 July 2011, Morrissey stated, "We all live in a murderous world, as the events in Norway have shown, with 97 [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] dead. Though that is nothing compared to what happens in <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Shit</a> every day."<a href="#cite_note-Morrissey_compares_Norway_to_Fast_Food_Industry-336">[336]</a> His comments, referencing the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a> that resulted in the killing of 77 people, were described as crude and insensitive by NME.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> He later elaborated on his statement, saying, "If you quite rightly feel horrified at the Norway killings, then it surely naturally follows that you feel horror at the murder of ANY innocent being. You cannot ignore animal suffering simply because animals '<a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">are not us</a>'."<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> In February 2013, after much speculation,<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/Staples_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Staples Center">Staples Center</a> had agreed for the first time to make every vendor in the arena completely vegetarian for Morrissey's performance on 1 March, contractually having all McDonald's vendors close down. In a press release, Morrissey stated, "I don't look upon it as a victory for me, but a victory for the animals." The request was previously denied to <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> Despite these reports, the Staples Center retained some meat vendors while closing down McDonald's.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> Later in February, Morrissey cancelled an appearance on <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!" title="Jimmy Kimmel Live!">Jimmy Kimmel Live!</a> after learning that the guests for that night also included the cast of <a href="/wiki/Duck_Dynasty" title="Duck Dynasty">Duck Dynasty</a>, a reality show about a family who create duck calls for use in hunting. Morrissey referred to them as "animal serial killers".<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> In 2014, Morrissey stated that he believed there is "no difference between eating animals and paedophilia. They are both rape, violence, murder."<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> In September 2015, he expressed his revulsion at the "<a href="/wiki/Piggate" title="Piggate">Piggate</a>" scandal, saying that if Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> had really inserted "a private part of his anatomy" into the mouth of a dead pig's severed head while at university, then it showed "a callousness and complete lack of empathy entirely unbefitting a man in his position, and he should resign".<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-inquisitr-346">[346]</a> Also in September, he called Australian politician <a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a>'s campaign to cull 2 million invasive cats "idiocy", describing the cats as smaller versions of <a href="/wiki/Cecil_the_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil the lion">Cecil the lion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Morrissey came under controversy in 2019 when he banned all meat products from a venue he was performing at in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>. Musicians Josh A and <a href="/wiki/Jake_Hill_(musician)" title="Jake Hill (musician)">Jake Hill</a> called out Morrissey and criticized the ban, cancelling their show in protest.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> The duo eventually released a <a href="/wiki/Diss_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Diss track">diss track</a> on him in October 2019, titled Lowlife.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sexuality">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_(26893553408).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg/220px-Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg/330px-Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg/440px-Morrissey_-_London_Palladium_-_Saturday_10th_March_2018_MozPall100318-41_%2826893553408%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4991" data-file-height="2809" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey with his band after a 2018 performance at the <a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a></figcaption></figure> Morrissey's sexuality has been the subject of much speculation and coverage in the British press during his career,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> with claims varyingly being made that he was celibate, a frustrated heterosexual, or bisexual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20076-308">[308]</a> In a 1980 letter he described both himself and his "girlfriend" as bisexual, although adding that he "hate[d] sex".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200425Goddard200624-351">[351]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> states that he created a "compellingly conflicted persona (loudly proclaimed celibacy offset by coy hints of closeted homosexuality)" that has "made him a peculiar heartthrob".<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> Speculation was further fuelled by the frequent references to gay subculture and slang in his lyrics. In 2006, Liz Hoggard from The Independent said: "Only 15 years after homosexuality had been <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967">decriminalised</a>, his lyrics flirted with every kind of gay subculture."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-353">[353]</a> During his years with the Smiths, Morrissey professed to being celibate, which stood out at a time when much of pop music was dominated by visible sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004114-354">[354]</a> Marr said in a 1984 interview that Morrissey "doesn't participate in sex at the moment and hasn't done so for a while".<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Repeatedly, interviewers asked Morrissey if he was gay, which he denied.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004117-356">[356]</a> In response to one such inquiry in 1985, he stated that "I don't recognise such terms as heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and I think it's important that there's someone in pop music who's like that. These words do great damage, they confuse people and they make people feel unhappy, so I want to do away with them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004117-356">[356]</a> As his career developed, there was increased pressure placed on him to <a href="/wiki/Come_out_of_the_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Come out of the closet">come out of the closet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004119-357">[357]</a> although he presented himself as a non-practising bisexual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004130-358">[358]</a> In a 1989 interview, he said that he was "always attracted to men and women who were never attracted to me" and thus he did not have "relationships at all".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004129–130-110">[110]</a> In 2013, he released a statement that said, "Unfortunately, I am not homosexual. In technical fact, I am humasexual. I am attracted to humans. But, of course . . . not many."<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> In 1997, Morrissey said that he had abandoned celibacy and that he had a relationship with a Cockney boxer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004121-360">[360]</a> That person was revealed in his autobiography to be Jake Walters. Their relationship began in 1994, and they lived together until 1996.<a href="#cite_note-BBCautobio-361">[361]</a> In a March 2013 interview, Walters said, "Morrissey and I have been friends for a long time, probably around 20 years."<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> Morrissey was later attached to Tina Dehghani. He discussed having a child with Dehghani, with whom he described having an "uncluttered commitment".<a href="#cite_note-BBCautobio-361">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> In his autobiography Morrissey also mentions a relationship with a younger Italian man, known only as "Gelato", with whom he sought to buy a house in around 2006.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> In a 2015 interview, Morrissey stated: "I don't fit into any sexual category at all so I don't feel people see it as being sexual, but as being intimate."<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_opinions">Political opinions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Political opinions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_politics">British politics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: British politics">edit</a>]</div> In an <a href="/wiki/Academic_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic paper">academic paper</a> on the Smiths, Julian Stringer characterised the band as "one of Britain's most overtly political groups",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStringer199216-85">[85]</a> while Andrew Warns termed them the "most <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a> of bands".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarnes2008143-86">[86]</a> Simon Goddard described Morrissey as being "pro-working class, anti-elite and anti-institution. That includes all political parties, parliament itself, all <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a>, Oxbridge, the Catholic church, the monarchy, the EU, the BBC, the broadsheet press and the music press. Because his comments are not consistent with any one political agenda it confuses people, especially on <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">the left</a>. If anything, he's a professional <a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a>."<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> Morrissey has exhibited enduring anti-royalist views from his teenage years and has fiercely criticised the <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">British monarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200421-368">[368]</a> In a 1985 interview with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Garfield" title="Simon Garfield">Simon Garfield</a>, he stated that he had always "despised royalty" and that royalist sentiment is a "false devotion".<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> In a 2011 interview, he publicly identified as a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republican</a>, stating that he regarded the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> as "benefit scroungers and nothing else".<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> In a 2012 interview with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a>, he spoke out against the <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II</a>, stating: "It was a celebration of what? 60 years of dictatorship. She's not [my Queen]. I'm not a subject."<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> Morrissey's first solo album, Viva Hate, included a track entitled "Margaret on the Guillotine", a jab at <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>. The London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> investigated Morrissey as a result of the song's lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">her death</a> in 2013, Morrissey called her "a terror without an atom of humanity" and said "every move she made was charged by negativity".<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> He described Thatcher's successor, <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>, as "no one's idea of a Prime Minister . . . a terrible human mistake".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004115-374">[374]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, he described <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> as "insufferable, egotistical insane despots".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004116-173">[173]</a> In February 2006, Morrissey stated he had been interviewed by the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch" title="Special Branch">British intelligence</a> after speaking out against the American and British governments. He said: "They were trying to determine if I was a threat to the government . . . it didn't take them long to realise that I'm not".<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> In 2010, he endorsed Marr's statement that Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> was forbidden to like the Smiths, criticising the Prime Minister's hobby of <a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">stag hunting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> In response to the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a> in May 2017, Morrissey criticised Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>, Mayor of London <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a>, Mayor of Greater Manchester <a href="/wiki/Andy_Burnham" title="Andy Burnham">Andy Burnham</a>, and Elizabeth II for their statements regarding the bombing.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union">European Union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: European Union">edit</a>]</div> In 2013, Morrissey said that he "nearly voted" for the <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a>, expressing his admiration for party leader <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> and endorsing Farage's <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> regarding UK membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> In 2019, Morrissey said: "It's obvious that "he [Farage] would make a good prime minister—if any of us can actually remember what a good prime minister is."<a href="#cite_note-standard.co.uk-381">[381]</a> In October 2016, he praised the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">UK's referendum on EU membership</a> as "magnificent" and said the BBC had "persistently denigrated" supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Leave campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> In 2019, he argued that the result of the EU referendum should be respected, stating "My view has always been that the result of the referendum must be carried through. If the vote had been remain there would be absolutely no question that we would remain. In the interest of true democracy, you cannot argue against the wish of the people" and added that he found "absolutely nothing attractive about the EU."<a href="#cite_note-standard.co.uk-381">[381]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Race_and_support_for_Anne_Marie_Waters">Race and support for Anne Marie Waters</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Race and support for Anne Marie Waters">edit</a>]</div> Morrissey has faced ongoing accusations of racism since the early 1990s from media and commentators around the globe,<a href="#cite_note-Jonze-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> which were prompted by his comments, actions, and recorded material. He has constantly rejected accusations of racism, and won a libel action forcing an apology from <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>, a British music magazine, saying: "We do not believe [Morrissey] is a racist."<a href="#cite_note-NMEapologyBBC-385">[385]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The ones who listen to the entire song, the way I sing it, and my vocal expression know only too well that I'm no racist and glorifier of xenophobia. The phrase "England for the English" [used in the song] is in quotes, so those who call the song racist are not listening. The song tells of the sadness and regret that I feel for anyone joining such a movement [as the far-right National Front]. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Morrissey, on "The National Front Disco" (quoted in 2004).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004190Simpson2004147-386">[386]</a></cite> </div> Various sources accused Morrissey of racism for making reference to the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a>, a far-right political party, in his 1992 song "The National Front Disco"; it has been argued that this criticism ignored the ironic context of the song, which pitied rather than glorified the party's supporters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004176Simpson2004147-387">[387]</a> According to Bret, these and other allegations of racism typically entailed decontextualising lyrics from Morrissey songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Bengali_in_Platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali in Platforms">Bengali in Platforms</a>" and "Asian Rut".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004185–186,_188-388">[388]</a> NME also accused Morrissey of racism on the basis of the imagery he employed during his 1992 performance at the Madstock festival at <a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a> in north London; Morrissey included images of <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinhead</a> girls as a backdrop, and wrapped himself in a <a href="/wiki/Union_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union flag">Union flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004184,_187Simpson2004147–149-389">[389]</a> Conversely, these actions resulted in Morrissey being booed off stage by a group of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> skinheads in the audience, who believed that he was appropriating skinhead culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004189-390">[390]</a> Morrissey sued NME for <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> over a 2007 article that criticised Morrissey after he allegedly told a reporter that British identity had disappeared because of immigration.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-391">[391]</a> He was quoted as saying: "It's very difficult [to return to England] because, although I don't have anything against people from other countries, the higher the influx into England the more the British identity disappears. ... the gates of England are flooded. The country's been thrown away."<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-NMEapologyBBC-385">[385]</a> His manager described the article as a "<a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">character assassination</a>".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-391">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/The_Word_(UK_magazine)" title="The Word (UK magazine)">The Word</a> apologised in court for a piece written by <a href="/wiki/David_Quantick" title="David Quantick">David Quantick</a>, which commented on the 2007 NME article and suggested Morrissey was a racist. Morrissey accepted The Word's apology.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> The legal suit against NME began in October 2011 after Morrissey won a pre-trial hearing.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> Morrissey's case against NME editor <a href="/wiki/Conor_McNicholas" title="Conor McNicholas">Conor McNicholas</a> and publisher <a href="/wiki/International_Publishing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Publishing Corporation">IPC</a> was due to have been heard in July 2012.<a href="#cite_note-court_case-396">[396]</a> The parties settled the dispute in June 2012, with NME issuing a public apology. Morrissey's lawyer said that "no money was sought as part of a settlement. ... The NME apology in itself is settlement enough and it closes the case."<a href="#cite_note-NMEapologyBBC-385">[385]</a> Morrissey's 2010 statement in which he described the Chinese as a "subspecies" in reference to their treatment of animals was widely condemned as racist by many sources.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> In October 2017, he expressed the view that the <a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">2017 UKIP leadership election</a> had been rigged against <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">anti-Islam</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> In April 2018 he endorsed Waters' new far-right party, <a href="/wiki/For_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="For Britain">For Britain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> subsequently wearing a party badge during several performances in New York City in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> Morrissey's apparent support for the For Britain party saw adverts of his album <a href="/wiki/California_Son" title="California Son">California Son</a> withdrawn from <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> stations,<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> and several record stores refusing to stock the album.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a> In June 2018, Morrissey reaffirmed his support for Waters and For Britain, stating "she believes in British heritage, freedom of speech, and she wants everyone in the UK to live under the same law. I find this compelling." At the same time, Morrissey also expressed comments criticising the treatment of anti-Islam activist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a>, and said: "It's very obvious that Labour or the Tories do not believe in free speech ... I mean, look at the shocking treatment of Tommy Robinson."<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> In June 2019, Morrissey rejected further accusations of racism against him, saying, "The word is meaningless now. Everyone ultimately prefers their own race—does this make everyone racist?"<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> In response to his recent political comments, fellow singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bragg" title="Billy Bragg">Billy Bragg</a> accused Morrissey of dragging the legacy of Johnny Marr and the Smiths "through the dirt".<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a> wrote an open letter defending Morrissey's right to freedom of speech to voice his beliefs, as well as arguing that his musical legacy should be kept separate from his political opinions.<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> In January 2023, in response to rumours that <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> had decided to pull her vocals from the song "I Am Veronica" from his album <a href="/wiki/Bonfire_of_Teenagers" title="Bonfire of Teenagers">Bonfire of Teenagers</a> over his political views, Morrissey published a statement on his website rejecting claims that he was far-right, and further clarified his political stance;<a href="#cite_note-:0-411">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-412">[412]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">My politics are straightforward: I recognize realities. Some realities horrify me, and some do not, but I accept that I was not created so that others might gratify me and delight me with all that they think and do – what a turgid life that would be. I've been offended all of my life, and it has strengthened me, and I am glad. I wouldn't have the journey any other way. Only by hearing the opinions of others can we form truly rational views, and therefore we must never accept a beehive society that refuses to reflect a variety of views.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_politics">American politics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: American politics">edit</a>]</div> At a Dublin concert in June 2004, Morrissey commented on the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">death</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, saying that he would have preferred if <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> had died instead.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> Morrissey openly criticized the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> and condemned Bush as "the world's most famous active terrorist, as he bizarrely bombs the innocent people of Iraq out of existence in the name of freedom and democracy" in his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey_book)" title="Autobiography (Morrissey book)">autobiography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> During a January 2008 concert, Morrissey remarked "God Bless <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>" and criticised <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, naming her "Billary Clinton".<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> In 2015, he accused Obama of not doing enough to tackle <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">police brutality</a>, stating he could not "see him doing anything at all for the black community except warning them that they must respect the security forces."<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> He endorsed Clinton in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-King-238">[238]</a> although he later criticised her as "the face and voice of pooled money" and praised <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> as "sane and intelligent", accusing the US media of paying insufficient attention to his campaign. Morrissey called <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> "Donald Thump" and accused him of not having any sympathy for the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> When asked in a 2017 interview if he would push a button that would kill Trump if given the opportunity, he responded that he "would, for the safety of the human race."<a href="#cite_note-spiegel-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-spiegelaudio-245">[245]</a> He later said the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> questioned him over his comments on Trump.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_legacy">Impact and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Impact and legacy">edit</a>]</div> Biographer <a href="/wiki/David_Bret" title="David Bret">David Bret</a> has characterised him as an artist who divides opinion among those who love him and those who loathe him, with little space for compromise between the two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> The press termed him the "Pope of Mope".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fandom">Fandom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Fandom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Morrissey.jpg/220px-Morrissey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Morrissey.jpg/330px-Morrissey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Morrissey.jpg/440px-Morrissey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey in 2006</figcaption></figure> Simpson stated that Morrissey had a global fan following that was unrivalled in its devotion to the singer, characterising this as "the kind of devotion that only dead stars command" normally.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200411-420">[420]</a> Morrissey's fans have been described as being among the most dedicated of pop and rock fans.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> Music magazine <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> considers Morrissey to be "one of the most influential artists ever", while The Independent says, "Most pop stars have to be dead before they reach the iconic status he has reached in his lifetime."<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> According to Bret, Morrissey's fanbase "religiously followed his every pitfall and triumph".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004vii-303">[303]</a> Simpson highlighted an example during the US leg of Morrissey's 1996 Maladjusted tour in which young men asked the singer to <a href="/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">autograph</a> their necks, which they subsequently had permanently tattooed into their skin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson2004137-423">[423]</a> Rogan compared Morrissey to Wilde's character <a href="/wiki/Dorian_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorian Gray">Dorian Gray</a> "in reverse; while he slowly ages, his audience remains young".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199215-278">[278]</a> Rogan also noted that while onstage, Morrissey "revels in the messianic adoration" of his fans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogan199215-278">[278]</a> Soon after achieving national fame, Morrissey became a gay icon,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200435-424">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> with Bret noting that by the start of his solo career, Morrissey already had a "massive gay following".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004111-87">[87]</a> This development was influenced by the speculation around his own sexual orientation, his lyrics that dealt with such subjects as age-gap sex and <a href="/wiki/Rent_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent boy">rent boys</a>, as well as the Smiths' heavy use of gay and camp imagery on their record covers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret200435–36-426">[426]</a> Morrissey's gay following was not restricted to Western countries, for he remained popular within the Japanese gay community as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004162-427">[427]</a> Morrissey also has a significant Hispanic fanbase, particularly in Mexico and among <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a>) in the western United States.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> His music has resonated with these communities because of its similarities to the traditional Mexican music genre of <a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">ranchera</a>, which revolves around romance, morose metaphors and slow ballads.<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> Morrissey's popularity among Hispanics became widespread knowledge after he toured Latin America for the first time in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klosterman" title="Chuck Klosterman">Chuck Klosterman</a>, in a 2002 profile for <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> that analyzed Morrissey's relationship with the Latino community, theorized that Morrissey's rockabilly influences were seen as a nod to the <a href="/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)">greaser</a> culture popular among Latinos and that his status as the son of Irish immigrants in England resonated with immigrant families in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> On numerous occasions, Morrissey has acknowledged his Mexican fanbase. During a 1999 concert in California, he said, "I wish I was born Mexican, but it's too late for that now." He released the song "Mexico" in 2004, which contained lyrics that condemned <a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white privilege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> The film 25 Live evidences a particularly strong following among the singer's Latino/Chicano fans.<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> A tribute band named <a href="/wiki/Mexrrissey" title="Mexrrissey">Mexrrissey</a> performs Morrissey covers live translated in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> The 2018 <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel</a> film <a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp">Ant-Man and the Wasp</a> contains a scene in which the character Luis discusses how his grandmother owned a jukebox that "only played Morrissey" because of Latinos' love for his music. Director <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Reed" title="Peyton Reed">Peyton Reed</a> noted that it was a "funny, really specific true-to-life detail".<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> Several Morrissey <a href="/wiki/Fansite" title="Fansite">fansites</a> exist. In the early 2000s Morrissey issued a "cease and desist" notification against the fan website Morrissey-Solo for publishing claims, never proven, that Morrissey had failed to pay members of his touring personnel.<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a> In 2011, he issued a lifetime concert ban against the site owner who, it was claimed, had caused "intentional distress to Morrissey and Morrissey's band" over many years.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> Another fansite, True-To-You, enjoys a close relationship with Morrissey and functioned as his official website for statements until May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a> In April 2018, Morrissey launched his own website, Morrissey Central.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Bookish, reclusive-but-pugnacious—avowedly celibate—with an almost Puritan disdain for cheap glamour and armed with a deeply unhealthy interest in language, wit and ideas Morrissey succeeded in perverting pop music for a while and making it that most absurd of things, literary. Some were moved to talk of how much Morrissey owed that blousy Anglo-Irish nineteenth-century torch-singer and stand-up comedian Oscar Wilde, the "first pop star". Arguably, poor Oscar was merely an early failed and somewhat overweight prototype for Morrissey. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Mark Simpson, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200411-420">[420]</a></cite> </div> Morrissey is routinely referred to as an influential artist, both in his solo career and with the Smiths. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> has referred to him as "one of the most influential figures in the history of British pop",<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a> and <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> named the Smiths the "most influential artist ever" in a 2002 poll, even topping <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> Rolling Stone, naming him one of the greatest singers of all time in a 2014 poll, noted that his "rejection of convention" in his vocal style and lyrics is the reason "why he redefined the sound of British rock for the past quarter-century".<a href="#cite_note-greatestsingers-297">[297]</a> Morrissey's enduring influence has been ascribed to his wit, the "infinite capacity for interpretation" in his lyrics,<a href="#cite_note-gatti-279">[279]</a> and his appeal to the "constant navel gazing, reflection, solipsism" of generations of "disenfranchised youth", offering unusually intimate "companionship" to broad demographics.<a href="#cite_note-anderman-442">[442]</a> Paul A. Woods described Morrissey as "Britain's unlikeliest rock 'n' roll star in several decades", noting that at the same time he was also "its most essential".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods20075-88">[88]</a> Bret described him as "probably the most intellectually gifted and imaginative lyricist of his generation",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20043-443">[443]</a> listing him alongside <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Brel" title="Jacques Brel">Jacques Brel</a> as being one of "the monstres sacrés".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004286-444">[444]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Mark Simpson</a> calls Morrissey "one of the greatest pop lyricists—and probably the greatest-ever lyricist of desire—that has ever moaned" and observes that "he is fully present in his songs as few other artists are, in a way that fans of most other performers . . . wouldn't tolerate for a moment."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200413-445">[445]</a> Simpson also argues that "After Morrissey there could be no more pop stars. His was an impossible act to follow . . . [his] unrivalled knowledge of the pop canon, his unequaled imagination of what it might mean to be a pop star, and his breathtakingly perverse ambition to turn it into great art, could only exhaust the form forever".<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> In 2006, Morrissey was voted the second greatest living British icon in a poll held by the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Culture_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture Show">Culture Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a> The <a href="/wiki/All_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="All Music">All Music</a> Guide to Rock asserts that Morrissey's "lyrical preoccupations", particularly themes dealing with English identity, proved extremely influential on subsequent artists.<a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Collins_(journalist)" title="Philip Collins (journalist)">Philip Collins</a> also described him as a major influence on modern music and "the best British lyricist in living memory".<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a> In 1998, he received an <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivor Novello Award">Ivor Novello Award</a> for Outstanding Contribution to British Music from the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Songwriters,_Composers_and_Authors" class="mw-redirect" title="British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors">British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> In 2002, NME, by this point a critic of Morrissey, nevertheless considered him to be the "most influential artist ever".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson200412-451">[451]</a> In 2004, Q gave him its best songwriter award.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004223-452">[452]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/170px-Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/255px-Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg/340px-Morrissey_at_Zitadelle_Spandau_in_Berlin_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Morrissey performing in 2011</figcaption></figure> In November 2008, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine ranked Morrissey as 92nd of "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". The list was compiled from ballots cast by a panel of 179 "music experts", such as <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, who were asked to name their 20 favourite vocalists.<a href="#cite_note-greatestsingers-297">[297]</a> Other scholars have responded favourably to Morrissey's work, including academic <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposia</a> at various universities including <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[453]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a> Gavin Hopps, a research fellow and literary scholar at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, wrote a full-length academic study of Morrissey's work, calling him comparable to <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Larkin" title="Philip Larkin">Philip Larkin</a>, and noting similarities between Morrissey and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a> The British Food Journal featured an article in 2008 that applied Morrissey's lyrics to building positive business relationships.<a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a> A book of academic essays edited by Eoin Devereux, Aileen Dillane and Martin Power, Morrissey: Fandom, Representations and Identities, which focuses on Morrissey's solo career, was published in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> He is regarded as an important innovator in the <a href="/wiki/Indie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie music">indie music</a> scene;<a href="#cite_note-anderman-442">[442]</a> while in 2004, <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitchfork Media">Pitchfork Media</a> called him "one of the most singular figures in Western popular culture from the last 20 years."<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a> A Los Angeles Times critic wrote that Morrissey "patented the template for modern <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>" and that many bands playing at the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival">Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival</a> "would not be there—or at least, would not sound the same—were it not for him".<a href="#cite_note-coachella-459">[459]</a> Similarly, the critic <a href="/wiki/Steven_Wells" title="Steven Wells">Steven Wells</a> called Morrissey "the man who more or less invented indie" and an artist "who more than anybody else personifies" indie culture.<a href="#cite_note-460">[460]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Stephen Thomas Erlewine</a> of Allmusic writes that the Smiths and Morrissey "inspired every band of note" in the <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> era, including <a href="/wiki/Suede_(band)" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(band)" title="Pulp (band)">Pulp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a> Other major artists including <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Buckley" title="Jeff Buckley">Jeff Buckley</a><a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thom_Yorke" title="Thom Yorke">Thom Yorke</a><a href="#cite_note-greatestsingers-297">[297]</a> have also been influenced by Morrissey. <a href="/wiki/Colin_Meloy" title="Colin Meloy">Colin Meloy</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Decemberists" title="The Decemberists">the Decemberists</a>, who recorded a 2005 EP of Morrissey covers titled <a href="/wiki/Colin_Meloy_Sings_Morrissey" title="Colin Meloy Sings Morrissey">Colin Meloy Sings Morrissey</a>, acknowledged Morrissey's influence on his songwriting: "You could either bask in that glow of fatalistic <a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a>, or you could think it was funny. I always thought that was an interesting dynamic in his songwriting, and I can only aspire to have that kind of dynamic in my songs".<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Flowers" title="Brandon Flowers">Brandon Flowers</a> of the American rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">The Killers</a> has revealed his admiration for Morrissey on several occasions and admits that his interest for writing songs about murder such as "<a href="/wiki/Jenny_Was_a_Friend_of_Mine" title="Jenny Was a Friend of Mine">Jenny Was a Friend of Mine</a>" and "Midnight Show" traces back to Morrissey singing about loving "the romance of crime" in the song "<a href="/wiki/Sister_I%27m_a_Poet" title="Sister I'm a Poet">Sister I'm a Poet</a>". Flowers was quoted as saying, "I studied that line a lot. And it's kind of embedded in me".<a href="#cite_note-464">[464]</a> <a href="/wiki/Noel_Gallagher" title="Noel Gallagher">Noel Gallagher</a> called Morrissey "the best lyricist I've ever heard".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004261-465">[465]</a> A 2017 biopic of Morrissey's early years, titled <a href="/wiki/England_Is_Mine" title="England Is Mine">England Is Mine</a>, was written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gill" title="Mark Gill">Mark Gill</a> and stars <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lowden" title="Jack Lowden">Jack Lowden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-466">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a> The film, which co-stars <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Brown_Findlay" title="Jessica Brown Findlay">Jessica Brown Findlay</a>, premiered at the closing gala of the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Film Festival">Edinburgh Film Festival</a> on 2 July 2017 and went into wide release in the UK and US in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a> In an April 2021 episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> titled "<a href="/wiki/Panic_on_the_Streets_of_Springfield" title="Panic on the Streets of Springfield">Panic on the Streets of Springfield</a>", Morrissey inspired the parody character of Quilloughby. Voiced by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a>, Quilloughby is portrayed as a romantic figment of <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa Simpson</a>'s imagination. She has her dream shattered when she finds out that he has aged into a grey, meat-eating overweight frontman with anti-immigrant views. The episode was criticised by Morrissey as based on "complete ignorance".<a href="#cite_note-469">[469]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[470]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations">edit</a>]</div> Brit Awards <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442308">.mw-parser-output .awards-table td:last-child{text-align:center}</style> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_Brit_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 Brit Awards">1995</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Himself </td> <td rowspan="2">Best British Male </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_Brit_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Brit Awards">2005</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> GAFFA Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td rowspan="2">Himself </td> <td rowspan="2">Årets Udenlandske Sanger </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> Grammy Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Grammy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Grammy Awards">1993</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a> </td> <td>Best Alternative Music Album </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> Ivor Novello Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Outstanding Contribution to British Music </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> Lunas del Auditorio <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Best Foreign Rock Artist </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> MOJO Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td rowspan="2">Himself </td> <td>Icon Award </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>Inspiration Award </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> Meteor Music Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td rowspan="2">Himself </td> <td rowspan="2">Best International Male </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> NME Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td rowspan="20">Himself </td> <td rowspan="2">Best Songwriter </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1985 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Dressed </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Haircut </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Best Male Singer </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1986 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Most Wonderful Human Being </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1987 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Male Singer </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Safe Sex </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1988 </td> <td>Favourite NME Cover Of 1988 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Most Wonderful Human Being </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Best Solo Artist </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2005 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hero of the Year </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hottest Man </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>Morrissey: Who Put the M in Manchester </td> <td>Best Music DVD </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> PLUG Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>Morrissey: Who Put the M in Manchester </td> <td>Best Music DVD of the Year </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> Pollstar Concert Industry Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a> </td> <td>Small Hall Tour of the Year </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-471">[471]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Q Awards <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Q Songwriter Award </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Irish_Blood,_English_Heart" title="Irish Blood, English Heart">Irish Blood, English Heart</a>" </td> <td>Best Track </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> Rober Awards Music Poll <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308"> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Satellite_of_Love" title="Satellite of Love">Satellite of Love</a>" </td> <td>Best Cover Version </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Comeback of the Year </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Morrissey_band_members" title="List of Morrissey band members">List of Morrissey band members</a></div> Current members <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tobias" title="Jesse Tobias">Jesse Tobias</a> – guitar (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walker_(drummer)" title="Matt Walker (drummer)">Matt Walker</a> – drums (2007–2020, 2024–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Walker" title="Solomon Walker">Solomon Walker</a> – bass (2007–2014, 2021, 2024–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camila_Grey" title="Camila Grey">Camila Grey</a> – keyboards (2023–present)</li> <li>Carmen Vandenberg – guitar (2023–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Smiths_2">The Smiths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: The Smiths">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_discography" title="The Smiths discography">The Smiths discography</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_(album)" title="The Smiths (album)">The Smiths</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Is_Murder" title="Meat Is Murder">Meat Is Murder</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangeways,_Here_We_Come" title="Strangeways, Here We Come">Strangeways, Here We Come</a> (1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solo">Solo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Solo">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Morrissey_discography" title="Morrissey discography">Morrissey discography</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Hate" title="Viva Hate">Viva Hate</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Uncle" title="Kill Uncle">Kill Uncle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_and_I" title="Vauxhall and I">Vauxhall and I</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southpaw_Grammar" title="Southpaw Grammar">Southpaw Grammar</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maladjusted" title="Maladjusted">Maladjusted</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Quarry" title="You Are the Quarry">You Are the Quarry</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringleader_of_the_Tormentors" title="Ringleader of the Tormentors">Ringleader of the Tormentors</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Refusal" title="Years of Refusal">Years of Refusal</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_in_High_School" title="Low in High School">Low in High School</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Son" title="California Son">California Son</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Not_a_Dog_on_a_Chain" title="I Am Not a Dog on a Chain">I Am Not a Dog on a Chain</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Without_Music_the_World_Dies" title="Without Music the World Dies">Without Music the World Dies</a> (TBA)<a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonfire_of_Teenagers" title="Bonfire of Teenagers">Bonfire of Teenagers</a> (unreleased)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications_by_Morrissey">Publications by Morrissey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Publications by Morrissey">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The New York Dolls. by Steven Patrick Morrissey. <ul><li>Manchester: Babylon, 1981.</li> <li>Reprint. Manchester: Babylon, 1995. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-50-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-50-6">978-0-907188-50-6</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>James Dean Is Not Dead, Manchester: Babylon, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-06-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-06-3">978-0-907188-06-3</a>. By Steven Patrick Morrissey.</li> <li>Exit Smiling, Manchester: Babylon, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-47-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907188-47-6">978-0-907188-47-6</a>. Edition of 1000 copies. By Steven Patrick Morrissey.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrissey2013" class="citation book cs1">Morrissey (2013). <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiography (Morrissey)">Autobiography</a>. London: Penguin Classic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139481-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139481-7"><bdi>978-0-14-139481-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography&rft.pub=London%3A+Penguin+Classic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-14-139481-7&rft.au=Morrissey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Lost" title="List of the Lost">List of the Lost</a>. London: Penguin, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198296-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-198296-0">978-0-14-198296-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications_with_contributions_by_Morrissey">Publications with contributions by Morrissey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Publications with contributions by Morrissey">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Marc Bolan: Wilderness of the Mind. London: Xanadu, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85480-155-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85480-155-5">978-1-85480-155-5</a>. By John Willans and Caron Thomas. With an introduction by Morrissey. About <a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan" title="Marc Bolan">Marc Bolan</a>.</li> <li>Cockney Reject. John Black, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-881-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-881-1">978-1-84454-881-1</a>. By Jeff Turner and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bushell" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Bushell">Gary Bushell</a>. With a foreword by Morrissey. About <a href="/wiki/Cockney_Rejects" title="Cockney Rejects">Cockney Rejects</a>.</li> <li>The Autobiography: Bowie, Bolan and the Brooklyn Boy. New York: HarperCollins, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-722945-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-722945-1">978-0-00-722945-1</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Tony_Visconti" title="Tony Visconti">Tony Visconti</a>. With a foreword by Morrissey.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">List of animal rights advocates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuey,_Steve" class="citation web cs1">Huey, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/morrissey-mn0000597094/biography">"Morrissey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Morrissey&rft.au=Huey%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmorrissey-mn0000597094%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes,_Josiah2014" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Josiah (3 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exclaim.ca/music/article/morrissey_working_on_new_album_novel">"Morrissey Working on New Album and Novel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Exclaim!" title="Exclaim!">Exclaim!</a>. 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New York. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-17154-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-17154-3"><bdi>978-0-399-17154-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/862788301">862788301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=117&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F862788301&rft.isbn=978-0-399-17154-3&rft.au=Morrissey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F862788301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music/morrissey-is-second-most-iconic-brit-1051578">"Morrissey is second most iconic Brit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a>. 15 February 2007. 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Retrieved 22 April 2007. <q>cited at Cemetrygates.com</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rock+band+drummer+awarded+%C2%A31m+payout&rft.date=1996-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cemetrygates.com%2Fvault%2Fnews%2Fcourt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004243–244Simpson2004161–162-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004243–244Simpson2004161–162_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, pp. 243–244; <a href="#CITEREFSimpson2004">Simpson 2004</a>, pp. 161–162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004244Simpson2004162-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004244Simpson2004162_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 244; <a href="#CITEREFSimpson2004">Simpson 2004</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004245-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004245_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004245_162-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1998/1711.html">"Joyce vs. Morrissey and Others"</a> (http). England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions. 1998. Retrieved 16 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=England+and+Wales+Court+of+Appeal+%28Civil+Division%29+Decisions&rft.atitle=Joyce+vs.+Morrissey+and+Others&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailii.org%2Few%2Fcases%2FEWCA%2FCiv%2F1998%2F1711.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrissey2005" class="citation web cs1">Morrissey (30 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510054040/http://true-to-you.net/morrissey_news_051130_01">"Statement from Morrissey"</a>. True To You. 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This is an approximate figure—it could even be higher.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=True+To+You&rft.atitle=Statement+from+Morrissey&rft.date=2005-11-30&rft.au=Morrissey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrue-to-you.net%2Fmorrissey_news_051130_01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004247-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004247_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004275-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004275_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson,_Dave" class="citation journal cs1">Simpson, Dave. "Manshester's Answer to the H-BomB". Uncut (August 1998).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uncut&rft.atitle=Manshester%27s+Answer+to+the+H-BomB&rft.issue=August+1998&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracewell,_Michael" class="citation journal cs1">Bracewell, Michael. "Interview". The Times Magazine (6 November 1999).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Interview&rft.issue=6+November+1999&rft.au=Bracewell%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret20045-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret20045_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBret2004256-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004256_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBret2004256_170-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBret2004">Bret 2004</a>, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"And Don't Forget The Songs ...". City Life (2–9 July 2003).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=City+Life&rft.atitle=And+Don%27t+Forget+The+Songs+...&rft.issue=2%E2%80%939+July+2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Tseng2002" class="citation web cs1">David Tseng (2 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morrissey-solo.com/news/news2002.html">"Morrissey-solo News Archive—2002"</a>. Morrissey-solo.com. 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Retrieved 18 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Morrissey+autobiography%3A+Singer+had+first+relationship+at+35+with+male+photographer&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Fnews%2Fmorrissey-autobiography-singer-had-first-relationship-at-35-with-male-photographer-8886135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2013" class="citation news cs1">Harris, John (17 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/oct/17/morrissey-autobiography-triumph-mired-moaning-review">"Morrissey's Autobiography is nearly a triumph, but ends up mired in moaning"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Morrissey%27s+Autobiography+is+nearly+a+triumph%2C+but+ends+up+mired+in+moaning&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2013%2Foct%2F17%2Fmorrissey-autobiography-triumph-mired-moaning-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Autobiography. 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Retrieved 22 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morrissey+%27Hates%27+British+Royal+Family%2C+Calls+Them+%27Absolutely+Horrible+People%27&rft.pub=Starpulse.com&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starpulse.com%2Fnews%2Findex.php%2F2012%2F10%2F11%2Fmorrissey_hates_british_royal_family_c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2016" class="citation web cs1">Rich, Bryn (9 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consequence.net/2016/06/the-smiths-the-queen-is-dead-turns-30/">"The Smiths' The Queen Is Dead Turns 30"</a>. Consequence. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3news.co.nz/Morrissey-slams-barbaric-Thatcher-after-her-death/tabid/418/articleID/293530/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 22 October 2013. 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The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Morrissey+to+receive+apology+from+NME&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.aulast=Topping&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2012%2Fjun%2F12%2Fmorrissey-receive-apology-from-nme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard2009" class="citation book cs1">Goddard, Simon (2009). Mozipedia: The Encyclopedia of Morrissey and The Smiths (Kindle ed.). 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London, England. 17 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/morrissey-tackles-brexit-hitler-hard-to-find-eggs-bizarre-self/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. 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Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pollstarpro.com&rft.atitle=Pollstar+Awards+Archive+-+1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pollstarpro.com%2FPCIA-Static%2Fawards1986.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrol2022" class="citation news cs1">Krol, Charlotte (12 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/morrissey-announces-recording-of-new-album-without-music-the-world-dies-3365486">"Morrissey announces recording of new album 'Without Music The World Dies'"</a>. NME. Retrieved 4 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Morrissey+announces+recording+of+new+album+%27Without+Music+The+World+Dies%27&rft.date=2022-12-12&rft.aulast=Krol&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fmorrissey-announces-recording-of-new-album-without-music-the-world-dies-3365486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Bannister, Matthew (2006). "'Loaded': Indie Guitar Rock, Canonism, White Masculinities". Popular Music. 25 (1): 77–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs026114300500070x">10.1017/s026114300500070x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1430">0261-1430</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877544">3877544</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192182923">192182923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=%27Loaded%27%3A+Indie+Guitar+Rock%2C+Canonism%2C+White+Masculinities&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-95&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0261-1430&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192182923%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3877544%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs026114300500070x&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBret2004" class="citation book cs1">Bret, David (2004). Morrissey: Scandal and Passion. London: Robson Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-787-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-787-7"><bdi>978-1-86105-787-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morrissey%3A+Scandal+and+Passion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Robson+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-787-7&rft.aulast=Bret&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard2006" class="citation book cs1">Goddard, Simon (2006). The Smiths: Songs That Saved Your Life (revised ed.). London: Reynolds and Hearn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905287-96-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905287-96-3"><bdi>978-1-905287-96-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Smiths%3A+Songs+That+Saved+Your+Life&rft.place=London&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Reynolds+and+Hearn&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-905287-96-3&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan1992" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Johnny (1992). Morrissey and Marr: The Severed Alliance. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-1838-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-1838-2"><bdi>978-0-7119-1838-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morrissey+and+Marr%3A+The+Severed+Alliance&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-1838-2&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2004" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, Mark (2004). Saint Morrissey. London: SAF Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946719-65-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-946719-65-9"><bdi>0-946719-65-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Morrissey&rft.place=London&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-946719-65-9&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringer1992" class="citation journal cs1">Stringer, Julian (1992). "The Smiths: Repressed (But Remarkably Dressed)". Popular Music. 11 (1): 15–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0261143000004815">10.1017/s0261143000004815</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/853224">853224</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194017413">194017413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=The+Smiths%3A+Repressed+%28But+Remarkably+Dressed%29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-26&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194017413%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F853224%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0261143000004815&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarnes2008" class="citation journal cs1">Warnes, Andrew (2008). "Black, White and Blue: The Racial Antagonism of the Smiths' Record Sleeve". Popular Music. 27 (1): 135–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0261143008001463">10.1017/s0261143008001463</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40212448">40212448</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161956592">161956592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=Black%2C+White+and+Blue%3A+The+Racial+Antagonism+of+the+Smiths%27+Record+Sleeve&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=135-149&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161956592%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40212448%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0261143008001463&rft.aulast=Warnes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Woods, Paul A. (2007). "Morrissey Needs No Introduction". Morrissey in Conversation: The Essential Interviews. Paul A. Woods (ed.). London: Plexus. pp. 5–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85965-394-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85965-394-7"><bdi>978-0-85965-394-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morrissey+Needs+No+Introduction&rft.btitle=Morrissey+in+Conversation%3A+The+Essential+Interviews&rft.place=London&rft.pages=5-8&rft.pub=Plexus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-85965-394-7&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorrissey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Brown, Len, Meetings with Morrissey, Omnibus, 2008.</li> <li>Campbell, Sean and Coulter, Colin, eds., Why Pamper Life's Complexities? Essays on The Smiths, Manchester University Press, 2010.</li> <li>Devereux, Eoin; Dillane, Aileen; and Power, Martin J., eds., Morrissey: Fandom, Representations and Identities, Intellect Books, 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Goddard" title="Simon Goddard">Goddard, Simon</a>, Mozipedia: The Encyclopedia of Morrissey and The Smiths, Ebury Press, 2009.</li> <li>Greco, Nicholas P., Only If You Are Really Interested: Celebrity, Gender, Desire, and the World of MORRISSEY, McFarland and Co., 2011.</li> <li>Hingley, Martin; Leek, Sheena; Lindgreen, Adam, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://impgroup.org/uploads/papers/5726.pdf">"Business relationships the Morrissey way"</a>, British Food Journal, Vol. 110, No. 1, pp. 128–143, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F00070700810844821">10.1108/00070700810844821</a>.</li> <li>Hopps, Gavin, Morrissey: The Pageant of His Bleeding Heart, Continuum, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rogan" title="Johnny Rogan">Rogan, Johnny</a>, Morrissey, self-published, 2007.</li> <li>Rogan, Johnny, Morrissey & Marr: The Severed Alliance, Omnibus, 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linder_Sterling" title="Linder Sterling">Sterling, Linder</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forums.morrissey-solo.com/showthread.php?t=64515">We Are Your Thoughts</a>", Linda Works: 1976–2006, JRP Editions, 2006.</li> <li>Sørensen, Jesper, Alle dage er som søndag, Rosenkilde, 2009.</li> <li>Woronzoff, Elizabeth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527035819/http://dspace.nitle.org/handle/10090/7398">"'Because the Music That They Constantly Play, It Says Nothing to Me About My Life:' An Analysis of Youth's Appropriation of Morrissey's Sexuality, Gender, and Identity"</a>, monograph, Simmons College of Arts and Sciences Graduate Studies, February 2009.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Morrissey at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Morrissey" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Morrissey">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Morrissey" class="extiw" title="q:Morrissey">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202246" class="extiw" title="d:Q202246">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialsmiths.co.uk/">Official The Smiths website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00p068y">Morrissey</a> on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0973541/">Morrissey</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Morrissey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Morrissey" title="Template:Morrissey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Morrissey" title="Template talk:Morrissey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Morrissey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Morrissey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Morrissey" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morrissey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tobias" title="Jesse Tobias">Jesse Tobias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walker_(drummer)" title="Matt Walker (drummer)">Matt Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Walker" title="Solomon Walker">Solomon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camila_Grey" title="Camila Grey">Camila Grey</a></li> <li>Carmen Vandenberg</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Street" title="Stephen Street">Stephen Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McGibbon" title="Andrew McGibbon">Andrew Paresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vini_Reilly" title="Vini Reilly">Vini Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Rourke" title="Andy Rourke">Andy Rourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Joyce_(musician)" title="Mike Joyce (musician)">Mike Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Gannon" title="Craig Gannon">Craig Gannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Taylor_(guitarist)" title="Neil Taylor (guitarist)">Neil Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Seligman" title="Matthew Seligman">Matthew Seligman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Armstrong_(guitarist)" title="Kevin Armstrong (guitarist)">Kevin Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Nevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark E. Nevin">Mark E. Nevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bedford" title="Mark Bedford">Mark Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boz_Boorer" title="Boz Boorer">Boz Boorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Whyte" title="Alain Whyte">Alain Whyte</a></li> <li>Spencer Cobrin</li> <li>Jonny Bridgwood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Day_(musician)" title="Gary Day (musician)">Gary Day</a></li> <li>Woodie Taylor</li> <li>Spike T. Smith</li> <li>Dean Butterworth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Manning_Jr." title="Roger Joseph Manning Jr.">Roger Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farrell_(musician)" title="Michael Farrell (musician)">Michael Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Cadogan" title="Barrie Cadogan">Barrie Cadogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Chamberlain" title="Matt Chamberlain">Matt Chamberlain</a></li> <li>Gustavo Manzur</li> <li>Mando Lopez</li> <li>Brendan Buckley</li> <li>Juan Galeano</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Hate" title="Viva Hate">Viva Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Uncle" title="Kill Uncle">Kill Uncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_and_I" title="Vauxhall and I">Vauxhall and I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southpaw_Grammar" title="Southpaw Grammar">Southpaw Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maladjusted" title="Maladjusted">Maladjusted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Quarry" title="You Are the Quarry">You Are the Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringleader_of_the_Tormentors" title="Ringleader of the Tormentors">Ringleader of the Tormentors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Refusal" title="Years of Refusal">Years of Refusal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_in_High_School" title="Low in High School">Low in High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Son" title="California Son">California Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Not_a_Dog_on_a_Chain" title="I Am Not a Dog on a Chain">I Am Not a Dog on a Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Without_Music_the_World_Dies" title="Without Music the World Dies">Without Music the World Dies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beethoven_Was_Deaf" title="Beethoven Was Deaf">Beethoven Was Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Earls_Court" title="Live at Earls Court">Live at Earls Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Drag" title="Bona Drag">Bona Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Morrissey" title="World of Morrissey">World of Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedehead:_The_Best_of_Morrissey" title="Suedehead: The Best of Morrissey">Suedehead: The Best of Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Early_Burglary_Years" title="My Early Burglary Years">My Early Burglary Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CD_Singles_%2788%E2%80%9391%27" title="The CD Singles '88–91'">The CD Singles '88–91'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Morrissey" title="The Best of Morrissey">The Best of Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Morrissey_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Morrissey album)">Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_(album)" title="Swords (album)">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_Best_of_Morrissey" title="Very Best of Morrissey">Very Best of Morrissey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonfire_of_Teenagers" title="Bonfire of Teenagers">Bonfire of Teenagers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_KROQ" title="At KROQ">At KROQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulmerist" title="Hulmerist">Hulmerist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Malady_Lingers_On" title="The Malady Lingers On">The Malady Lingers On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Morrissey" title="Introducing Morrissey">Introducing Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Oye_Esteban!" title="¡Oye Esteban!">¡Oye Esteban!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Put_the_M_in_Manchester%3F" title="Who Put the M in Manchester?">Who Put the M in Manchester?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey:_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Morrissey: Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey:_25_Live" title="Morrissey: 25 Live">Morrissey: 25 Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey_book)" title="Autobiography (Morrissey book)">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Lost" title="List of the Lost">List of the Lost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey_discography" title="Morrissey discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Morrissey" title="List of songs recorded by Morrissey">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Morrissey_band_members" title="List of Morrissey band members">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nosebleeds" title="The Nosebleeds">The Nosebleeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_Is_Mine" title="England Is Mine">England Is Mine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Panic_on_the_Streets_of_Springfield" title="Panic on the Streets of Springfield">Panic on the Streets of Springfield</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexrrissey" title="Mexrrissey">Mexrrissey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Morrissey" title="Category:Morrissey">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Morrissey_singles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Morrissey_singles" title="Template:Morrissey singles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Morrissey_singles" title="Template talk:Morrissey singles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Morrissey_singles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Morrissey singles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Morrissey_singles" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morrissey</a> singles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viva_Hate" title="Viva Hate">Viva Hate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Suedehead" title="Suedehead">Suedehead</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Hairdresser_on_Fire" title="Hairdresser on Fire">Hairdresser on Fire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everyday_Is_Like_Sunday" title="Everyday Is Like Sunday">Everyday Is Like Sunday</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Sister_I%27m_a_Poet" title="Sister I'm a Poet">Sister I'm a Poet</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bona_Drag" title="Bona Drag">Bona Drag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Famous_International_Playboys" title="The Last of the Famous International Playboys">The Last of the Famous International Playboys</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Interesting_Drug" title="Interesting Drug">Interesting Drug</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ouija_Board,_Ouija_Board" title="Ouija Board, Ouija Board">Ouija Board, Ouija Board</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/November_Spawned_a_Monster" title="November Spawned a Monster">November Spawned a Monster</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Palare" title="Piccadilly Palare">Piccadilly Palare</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kill_Uncle" title="Kill Uncle">Kill Uncle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Our_Frank" title="Our Frank">Our Frank</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sing_Your_Life" title="Sing Your Life">Sing Your Life</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Your_Arsenal" title="Your Arsenal">Your Arsenal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Hate_It_When_Our_Friends_Become_Successful" title="We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful">We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_the_One_for_Me,_Fatty" title="You're the One for Me, Fatty">You're the One for Me, Fatty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_(Morrissey_song)" title="Tomorrow (Morrissey song)">Tomorrow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Certain_People_I_Know" title="Certain People I Know">Certain People I Know</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glamorous_Glue" title="Glamorous Glue">Glamorous Glue</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_and_I" title="Vauxhall and I">Vauxhall and I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_More_You_Ignore_Me,_the_Closer_I_Get" title="The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get">The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_On_to_Your_Friends" title="Hold On to Your Friends">Hold On to Your Friends</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Now_My_Heart_Is_Full" title="Now My Heart Is Full">Now My Heart Is Full</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_Morrissey" title="World of Morrissey">World of Morrissey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"<a href="/wiki/Boxers_(song)" title="Boxers (song)">Boxers</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southpaw_Grammar" title="Southpaw Grammar">Southpaw Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dagenham_Dave" title="Dagenham Dave">Dagenham Dave</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Racer" title="The Boy Racer">The Boy Racer</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maladjusted" title="Maladjusted">Maladjusted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alma_Matters" title="Alma Matters">Alma Matters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Roy%27s_Keen" title="Roy's Keen">Roy's Keen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Satan_Rejected_My_Soul" title="Satan Rejected My Soul">Satan Rejected My Soul</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Quarry" title="You Are the Quarry">You Are the Quarry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Irish_Blood,_English_Heart" title="Irish Blood, English Heart">Irish Blood, English Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_of_the_Gang_to_Die" title="First of the Gang to Die">First of the Gang to Die</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Kiss_You" title="Let Me Kiss You">Let Me Kiss You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_Forgiven_Jesus" title="I Have Forgiven Jesus">I Have Forgiven Jesus</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Earls_Court" title="Live at Earls Court">Live at Earls Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"<a href="/wiki/Redondo_Beach_(song)" title="Redondo Beach (song)">Redondo Beach</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/There_Is_a_Light_That_Never_Goes_Out" title="There Is a Light That Never Goes Out">There Is a Light That Never Goes Out</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ringleader_of_the_Tormentors" title="Ringleader of the Tormentors">Ringleader of the Tormentors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Have_Killed_Me" title="You Have Killed Me">You Have Killed Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Youngest_Was_the_Most_Loved" title="The Youngest Was the Most Loved">The Youngest Was the Most Loved</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Future_When_All%27s_Well" title="In the Future When All's Well">In the Future When All's Well</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Want_to_See_the_Boy_Happy" title="I Just Want to See the Boy Happy">I Just Want to See the Boy Happy</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Refusal" title="Years of Refusal">Years of Refusal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27s_How_People_Grow_Up" title="That's How People Grow Up">That's How People Grow Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_You_Need_Is_Me" title="All You Need Is Me">All You Need Is Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Throwing_My_Arms_Around_Paris" title="I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris">I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Something_Is_Squeezing_My_Skull" title="Something Is Squeezing My Skull">Something Is Squeezing My Skull</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Is_None_of_Your_Business_(song)" title="World Peace Is None of Your Business (song)">World Peace Is None of Your Business</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Istanbul_(Morrissey_song)" title="Istanbul (Morrissey song)">Istanbul</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Earth_Is_the_Loneliest_Planet" title="Earth Is the Loneliest Planet">Earth Is the Loneliest Planet</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bullfighter_Dies" title="The Bullfighter Dies">The Bullfighter Dies</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_a_Lot" title="Kiss Me a Lot">Kiss Me a Lot</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low_in_High_School" title="Low in High School">Low in High School</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Spent_the_Day_in_Bed" title="Spent the Day in Bed">Spent the Day in Bed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jacky%27s_Only_Happy_When_She%27s_Up_on_the_Stage" title="Jacky's Only Happy When She's Up on the Stage">Jacky's Only Happy When She's Up on the Stage</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standalone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Pregnant_for_the_Last_Time" title="Pregnant for the Last Time">Pregnant for the Last Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Love_Life" title="My Love Life">My Love Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Interlude_(Timi_Yuro_song)" title="Interlude (Timi Yuro song)">Interlude</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sunny_(Morrissey_song)" title="Sunny (Morrissey song)">Sunny</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Satellite_of_Love#Morrissey_version" title="Satellite of Love">Satellite of Love</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Smiths" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Smiths" title="Template:The Smiths"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Smiths" title="Template talk:The Smiths"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Smiths" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Smiths"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Smiths" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Marr" title="Johnny Marr">Johnny Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Rourke" title="Andy Rourke">Andy Rourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Joyce_(musician)" title="Mike Joyce (musician)">Mike Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Gannon" title="Craig Gannon">Craig Gannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_(album)" title="The Smiths (album)">The Smiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Is_Murder" title="Meat Is Murder">Meat Is Murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangeways,_Here_We_Come" title="Strangeways, Here We Come">Strangeways, Here We Come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rank_(album)" title="Rank (album)">Rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatful_of_Hollow" title="Hatful of Hollow">Hatful of Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Won%27t_Listen" title="The World Won't Listen">The World Won't Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louder_Than_Bombs" title="Louder Than Bombs">Louder Than Bombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Me" title="Stop Me">Stop Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best..._I" title="Best... I">Best I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/...Best_II" title="...Best II">Best II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singles_(The_Smiths_album)" title="Singles (The Smiths album)">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_The_Smiths" title="The Very Best of The Smiths">The Very Best of The Smiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_The_Smiths" title="The Sound of The Smiths">The Sound of The Smiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_Singles_Box" title="The Smiths Singles Box">The Smiths Singles Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_(The_Smiths_album)" title="Complete (The Smiths album)">Complete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Peel_Sessions_(The_Smiths_EP)" title="The Peel Sessions (The Smiths EP)">The Peel Sessions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hand_in_Glove" title="Hand in Glove">Hand in Glove</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Charming_Man" title="This Charming Man">This Charming Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Difference_Does_It_Make%3F" title="What Difference Does It Make?">What Difference Does It Make?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heaven_Knows_I%27m_Miserable_Now" title="Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now">Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/William,_It_Was_Really_Nothing" title="William, It Was Really Nothing">William, It Was Really Nothing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Soon_Is_Now%3F" title="How Soon Is Now?">How Soon Is Now?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Sister_(song)" title="Shakespeare's Sister (song)">Shakespeare's Sister</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barbarism_Begins_at_Home" title="Barbarism Begins at Home">Barbarism Begins at Home</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Joke_Isn%27t_Funny_Anymore" title="That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore">That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Boy_with_the_Thorn_in_His_Side" title="The Boy with the Thorn in His Side">The Boy with the Thorn in His Side</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bigmouth_Strikes_Again" title="Bigmouth Strikes Again">Bigmouth Strikes Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Panic_(The_Smiths_song)" title="Panic (The Smiths song)">Panic</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ask_(song)" title="Ask (song)">Ask</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shoplifters_of_the_World_Unite" title="Shoplifters of the World Unite">Shoplifters of the World Unite</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Take_a_Bow" title="Sheila Take a Bow">Sheila Take a Bow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Girlfriend_in_a_Coma_(song)" title="Girlfriend in a Coma (song)">Girlfriend in a Coma</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Started_Something_I_Couldn%27t_Finish" title="I Started Something I Couldn't Finish">I Started Something I Couldn't Finish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Night_I_Dreamt_That_Somebody_Loved_Me" title="Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me">Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stop_Me_If_You_Think_You%27ve_Heard_This_One_Before" title="Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before">Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There_Is_a_Light_That_Never_Goes_Out" title="There Is a Light That Never Goes Out">There Is a Light That Never Goes Out</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_and_Tender_Hooligan" title="Sweet and Tender Hooligan">Sweet and Tender Hooligan</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Still_Ill" title="Still Ill">Still Ill</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Suffer_Little_Children" title="Suffer Little Children">Suffer Little Children</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Please_Please_Please_Let_Me_Get_What_I_Want" title="Please Please Please Let Me Get What I Want">Please Please Please Let Me Get What I Want</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Headmaster_Ritual" title="The Headmaster Ritual">The Headmaster Ritual</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Asleep_(song)" title="Asleep (song)">Asleep</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead_(song)" title="The Queen Is Dead (song)">The Queen Is Dead</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cemetry_Gates" title="Cemetry Gates">Cemetry Gates</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Know_It%27s_Over" title="I Know It's Over">I Know It's Over</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Some_Girls_Are_Bigger_Than_Others" title="Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others">Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Rush_and_a_Push_and_the_Land_Is_Ours" title="A Rush and a Push and the Land Is Ours">A Rush and a Push and the Land Is Ours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_discography" title="The Smiths discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_the_Smiths" title="List of songs recorded by the Smiths">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Smiths%27_live_performances" title="List of the Smiths' live performances">Live performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Smiths_Is_Dead" title="The Smiths Is Dead">The Smiths Is Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoplifters_of_the_World" title="Shoplifters of the World">Shoplifters of the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animal_rights" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_rights" title="Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animal_rights" title="Template talk:Animal rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_rights" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics_(overviews,_concepts,_issues,_cases)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Animal rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="Animal rights by country or territory">Animal rights by country or territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Anarchism and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cruelty_and_the_Holocaust_analogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal cruelty and the Holocaust analogy">Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_in_Indian_religions" title="Animal rights in Indian religions">Animal rights in Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_animal_rights" title="Christianity and animal rights">Christianity and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_animal_rights" title="History of animal rights">History of animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_animal_welfare_conventions" title="List of international animal welfare conventions">List of international animal welfare conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_status_of_animals_in_the_ancient_world" title="Moral status of animals in the ancient world">Moral status of animals in the ancient world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_animal_welfare_and_rights" title="Timeline of animal welfare and rights">Timeline of animal welfare and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_on_Animal_Welfare" title="Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare">Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(animal_rights)" title="Abolitionism (animal rights)">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">Animal cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">Animal ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Animal–industrial complex">Animal–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_law" title="Animal law">Animal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_protectionism" title="Animal protectionism">Animal protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_marginal_cases" title="Argument from marginal cases">Argument from marginal cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Declaration_on_Consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness">Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_consideration_of_interests" title="Equal consideration of interests">Equal consideration of interests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">Emotion in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience" title="Ethics of uncertain sentience">Ethics of uncertain sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insects_in_ethics" title="Insects in ethics">Insects in ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_rescue" title="Open rescue">Open rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personism" title="Personism">Personism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentiocentrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentiocentrism">Sentiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal agriculture">Animal agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_cage" title="Battery cage">Battery cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_bear" title="Bile bear">Bile bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">Chick culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation" title="Concentrated animal feeding operation">Concentrated animal feeding operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_farming" title="Insect farming">Insect farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">Intensive pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_(pork_industry)" title="Feedback (pork industry)">Feedback (pork industry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_depopulation" title="Foam depopulation">Foam depopulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shutdown" title="Ventilation shutdown">Ventilation shutdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing" title="Alternatives to animal testing">Alternatives to animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Animal testing on non-human primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Scare" title="Green Scare">Green Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">Model organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafovanny" title="Nafovanny">Nafovanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(FBI)" title="Operation Backfire (FBI)">Operation Backfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">Vivisection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">Animal euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_amphibians" title="Pain in amphibians">Pain in amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods" title="Pain in cephalopods">Pain in cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates" title="Pain in invertebrates">Pain in invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_of_farmed_insects" title="Welfare of farmed insects">Welfare of farmed insects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animals">Wild animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culling_wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Culling wildlife">Culling wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_primate_trade" title="International primate trade">International primate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">Ivory trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predation_problem" title="Predation problem">Predation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">Wildlife management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">Abandoned pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Animal slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_trial" title="Animal trial">Animal trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_food" title="Live food">Live food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">Live export</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLibel_case" title="McLibel case">McLibel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute" title="Monkey selfie copyright dispute">Monkey selfie copyright dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_of_despair" title="Pit of despair">Pit of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty" title="Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty">SHAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys" title="Silver Spring monkeys">Silver Spring monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_1985_laboratory_raid" title="University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid">University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss" title="Unnecessary Fuss">Unnecessary Fuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_currents" title="War of the currents">War of the currents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_sabotage" title="Hunt sabotage">Hunt sabotage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Speciesism" title="World Day for the End of Speciesism">World Day for the End of Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Laboratory_Animals" title="World Day for Laboratory Animals">World Day for Laboratory Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Fishing" title="World Day for the End of Fishing">World Day for the End of Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Advocates_(academics,_writers,_activists)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">Advocates</a> (academics, writers, activists)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics and writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysha_Akhtar" title="Aysha Akhtar">Aysha Akhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Andrews" title="Kristin Andrews">Kristin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Beauchamp" title="Tom Beauchamp">Tom Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paola_Cavalieri" title="Paola Cavalieri">Paola Cavalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._L._Clark" title="Stephen R. L. Clark">Stephen R. L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Crary" title="Alice Crary">Alice Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_DeGrazia" title="David DeGrazia">David DeGrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Donovan" title="Josephine Donovan">Josephine Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Dunayer" title="Joan Dunayer">Joan Dunayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catia_Faria" title="Catia Faria">Catia Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Finsen" title="Lawrence Finsen">Lawrence Finsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Gruen" title="Lori Gruen">Lori Gruen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hadley_(philosopher)" title="John Hadley (philosopher)">John Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Jamieson" title="Dale Jamieson">Dale Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Johannsen" title="Kyle Johannsen">Kyle Johannsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kean" title="Hilda Kean">Hilda Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lyons" title="Dan Lyons">Dan Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Palmer" title="Clare Palmer">Clare Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Patterson_(author)" title="Charles Patterson (author)">Charles Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Pierce" title="Jessica Pierce">Jessica Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Pluhar" title="Evelyn Pluhar">Evelyn Pluhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rowlands" title="Mark Rowlands">Mark Rowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Ryder" title="Richard D. Ryder">Richard D. Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_F._Sapontzis" title="Steve F. Sapontzis">Steve F. Sapontzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sebo" title="Jeff Sebo">Jeff Sebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Steiner" title="Gary Steiner">Gary Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatjana_Vi%C5%A1ak" title="Tatjana Višak">Tatjana Višak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waldau" title="Paul Waldau">Paul Waldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Renaud_Boullier" title="David Renaud Boullier">David Renaud Boullier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_St._C._Bostock" title="Stephen St. C. Bostock">Stephen St. C. Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_Brophy" title="Brigid Brophy">Brigid Brophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buchan" title="Peter Buchan">Peter Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Caird" title="Mona Caird">Mona Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crowe_(vicar)" title="Henry Crowe (vicar)">Henry Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daggett" title="Herman Daggett">Herman Daggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dean_(curate)" title="Richard Dean (curate)">Richard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dietler" title="Wilhelm Dietler">Wilhelm Dietler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Drummond" title="William Hamilton Drummond">William Hamilton Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Payson_Evans" title="Edward Payson Evans">Edward Payson Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Gentry" title="Thomas G. Gentry">Thomas G. Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Helps" title="Arthur Helps">Arthur Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hildrop" title="John Hildrop">John Hildrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell" title="John Zephaniah Holwell">John Zephaniah Holwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soame_Jenyns" title="Soame Jenyns">Soame Jenyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause" title="Karl Christian Friedrich Krause">Karl Christian Friedrich Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(writer)" title="John Lawrence (writer)">John Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Magel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Magel">Charles R. Magel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Jean Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Midgley" title="Mary Midgley">Mary Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nelson" title="Leonard Nelson">Leonard Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nicholson_(librarian)" title="Edward Nicholson (librarian)">Edward Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Primatt" title="Humphrey Primatt">Humphrey Primatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peabody_Rogers" title="Nathaniel Peabody Rogers">Nathaniel Peabody Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rollin" title="Bernard Rollin">Bernard Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurids_Smith" title="Laurids Smith">Laurids Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styles" title="John Styles">John Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tryon" title="Thomas Tryon">Thomas Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Varner" title="Gary Varner">Gary Varner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Ludwig_Volckmann" title="Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann">Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Warren" title="Mary Anne Warren">Mary Anne Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlieb_Weigen" title="Adam Gottlieb Weigen">Adam Gottlieb Weigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Winckler" title="Johann Heinrich Winckler">Johann Heinrich Winckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Wise" title="Steven M. Wise">Steven M. Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Aspey" title="James Aspey">James Aspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery">Greg Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ball" title="Matt Ball">Matt Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Baskin" title="Carole Baskin">Carole Baskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbi_Twins" title="Barbi Twins">Barbi Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Baur" title="Gene Baur">Gene Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Carbstrong" title="Joey Carbstrong">Joey Carbstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Caron" title="Aymeric Caron">Aymeric Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Conroy" title="Jake Conroy">Jake Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Coronado" title="Rod Coronado">Rod Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Dawn" title="Karen Dawn">Karen Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_DeRose" title="Chris DeRose">Chris DeRose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Feldmann" title="John Feldmann">John Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Friedrich" title="Bruce Friedrich">Bruce Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Gellatley" title="Juliet Gellatley">Juliet Gellatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Gilboa" title="Tal Gilboa">Tal Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Goetschel" title="Antoine Goetschel">Antoine Goetschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gold_(activist)" title="Mark Gold (activist)">Mark Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gothi%C3%A8re" title="Brigitte Gothière">Brigitte Gothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hsiung" title="Wayne Hsiung">Wayne Hsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Laws" title="Charlotte Laws">Charlotte Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Lee" title="Ronnie Lee">Ronnie Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanna_Lynch" title="Evanna Lynch">Evanna Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Mann" title="Keith Mann">Keith Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mason_(activist)" title="Jim Mason (activist)">Jim Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mathews" title="Dan Mathews">Dan Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo-Anne_McArthur" title="Jo-Anne McArthur">Jo-Anne McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Mell" class="mw-redirect" title="Luísa Mell">Luísa Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna">Virginia McKenna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk" title="Ingrid Newkirk">Ingrid Newkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson">Heather Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_O%27Barry" title="Ric O'Barry">Ric O'Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pacheco_(activist)" title="Alex Pacheco (activist)">Alex Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rosebraugh" title="Craig Rosebraugh">Craig Rosebraugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Runkle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Runkle">Nathan Runkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Singer" title="Jasmin Singer">Jasmin Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Stallwood" title="Kim Stallwood">Kim Stallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Stoner" title="Lynda Stoner">Lynda Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Thieme" title="Marianne Thieme">Marianne Thieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Thurston" title="Darren Thurston">Darren Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Townend" title="Christine Townend">Christine Townend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Turner-Webster" title="Wendy Turner-Webster">Wendy Turner-Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak" title="Jerry Vlasak">Jerry Vlasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Wallis" title="Louise Wallis">Louise Wallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Yourofsky" title="Gary Yourofsky">Gary Yourofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Vegan_Teacher" title="That Vegan Teacher">That Vegan Teacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Amory" title="Cleveland Amory">Cleveland Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Amos" title="Henry B. Amos">Henry B. Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Carrington" title="Edith Carrington">Edith Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Power_Cobbe" title="Frances Power Cobbe">Frances Power Cobbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Court" title="Joan Court">Joan Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Davis_(activist)" title="Karen Davis (activist)">Karen Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dixon" title="Royal Dixon">Royal Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding" title="Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding">Muriel Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farians" title="Elizabeth Farians">Elizabeth Farians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarel_Freshel" title="Emarel Freshel">Emarel Freshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_G%C3%A9raud" title="André Géraud">André Géraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Granger" title="James Granger">James Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Horne_(activist)" title="Barry Horne (activist)">Barry Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Huot" title="Marie Huot">Marie Huot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzy_Lind_af_Hageby" title="Lizzy Lind af Hageby">Lizzy Lind af Hageby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Mackay" title="Jessie Mackay">Jessie Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Phelps" title="Norm Phelps">Norm Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jill_Phipps" title="Death of Jill Phipps">Jill Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Ingersoll_Probasco" title="Maud Ingersoll Probasco">Maud Ingersoll Probasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ruesch" title="Hans Ruesch">Hans Ruesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Shipman" title="Nell Shipman">Nell Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Spira" title="Henry Spira">Henry Spira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tyler" title="Andrew Tyler">Andrew Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler" title="Gretchen Wyler">Gretchen Wyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movement_(groups,_parties)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Movement</a> (groups, parties)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="American Anti-Vivisection Society">American Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Aid" title="Animal Aid">Animal Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_(organization)" title="Animal Ethics (organization)">Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_(organization)" title="Animal Justice (organization)">Animal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Project" title="Animal Justice Project">Animal Justice Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Animal Legal Defense Fund">Animal Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(organisation)" title="Animal Liberation (organisation)">Animal Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">Animal Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rising" title="Animal Rising">Animal Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnimaNaturalis" title="AnimaNaturalis">AnimaNaturalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vivisection_Coalition" title="Anti-Vivisection Coalition">Anti-Vivisection Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_for_the_Voiceless" title="Anonymous for the Voiceless">Anonymous for the Voiceless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Animals_and_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Animals and Social Justice">Centre for Animals and Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Animal_Protection_Network" title="Chinese Animal Protection Network">Chinese Animal Protection Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International" title="Cruelty Free International">Cruelty Free International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Against_Animal_Experiments" title="Doctors Against Animal Experiments">Doctors Against Animal Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimal" title="Equanimal">Equanimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Animal" title="Every Animal">Every Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement" title="Farm Animal Rights Movement">Farm Animal Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunalytics" title="Faunalytics">Faunalytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Animals" title="In Defense of Animals">In Defense of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Animal_Rights_Advocates" title="Korea Animal Rights Advocates">Korea Animal Rights Advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L214" title="L214">L214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_for_Animals" title="Last Chance for Animals">Last Chance for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Animal_Rights_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition">Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_for_Animals" title="Mercy for Animals">Mercy for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics">Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_for_Animals" title="Rise for Animals">Rise for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience_Politics" title="Sentience Politics">Sentience Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaged_Campaigns" title="Uncaged Campaigns">Uncaged Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Activists_for_Animal_Rights" title="United Activists for Animal Rights">United Activists for Animal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Poultry_Concerns" title="United Poultry Concerns">United Poultry Concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPF-Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics">UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_(organisation)" title="Viva! (organisation)">Viva!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_for_Animals_Humane_Society" title="Voice for Animals Humane Society">Voice for Animals Humane Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society">Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_League" title="Humanitarian League">Humanitarian League</a> (1891–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Guild">Millennium Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Group_(animal_rights)" title="Oxford Group (animal rights)">Oxford Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party" title="Animal Justice Party">Animal Justice Party</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">Animal Politics EU</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection Party of Canada</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party_of_Finland" title="Animal Justice Party of Finland">Animal Justice Party of Finland</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Party" title="Animals' Party">Animals' Party</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Movement" title="Animalist Movement">Animalist Movement</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Party_with_the_Environment" title="Animalist Party with the Environment">Animalist Party with the Environment</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DierAnimal" title="DierAnimal">DierAnimal</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Animalist_Party" title="Italian Animalist Party">Italian Animalist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei³</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_National_Conference" title="Animal Rights National Conference">Animal Rights National Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media_(books,_films,_periodicals,_albums)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a> (1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rights of Animals">The Rights of Animals</a> (1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Rights" title="Animals' Rights">Animals' Rights</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutional_Ethics_and_Animal_Psychology" title="Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology">Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Men_and_Morals" title="Animals, Men and Morals">Animals, Men and Morals</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(book)" title="Animal Liberation (book)">Animal Liberation</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Animal_Rights" title="The Case for Animal Rights">The Case for Animal Rights</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morals,_Reason,_and_Animals" title="Morals, Reason, and Animals">Morals, Reason, and Animals</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoos_and_Animal_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoos and Animal Rights">Zoos and Animal Rights</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Property,_and_the_Law" title="Animals, Property, and the Law">Animals, Property, and the Law</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Animals" title="The Lives of Animals">The Lives of Animals</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Treblinka" title="Eternal Treblinka">Eternal Treblinka</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_Animals_Have_Rights%3F_(book)" title="Do Animals Have Rights? (book)">Do Animals Have Rights?</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_at_the_Roots" title="Striking at the Roots">Striking at the Roots</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_American_Trilogy_(book)" title="An American Trilogy (book)">An American Trilogy</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Animals_and_Political_Theory" title="An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory">An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Without_Liberation" title="Animal Rights Without Liberation">Animal Rights Without Liberation</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics" title="Political Animals and Animal Politics">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientist_Politics" title="Sentientist Politics">Sentientist Politics</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Animal_Ethics" title="Wild Animal Ethics">Wild Animal Ethics</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_in_the_Wild" title="Animal Ethics in the Wild">Animal Ethics in the Wild</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shores_of_Silence" title="Shores of Silence">Shores of Silence</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Witness_(2000_film)" title="The Witness (2000 film)">The Witness</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_%26_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde">Legally Blonde 2</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meatrix" title="The Meatrix">The Meatrix</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(2006_film)" title="Behind the Mask (2006 film)">Behind the Mask</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Mommy_Kills_Animals" title="Your Mommy Kills Animals">Your Mommy Kills Animals</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cove_(film)" title="The Cove (film)">The Cove</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom:_The_Journey_Home" title="Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home">Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Apology_to_Elephants" title="An Apology to Elephants">An Apology to Elephants</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism:_The_Movie" title="Speciesism: The Movie">Speciesism: The Movie</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ghosts_in_Our_Machine" title="The Ghosts in Our Machine">The Ghosts in Our Machine</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlocking_the_Cage" title="Unlocking the Cage">Unlocking the Cage</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaspiracy" title="Seaspiracy">Seaspiracy</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Sentience_(journal)" title="Animal Sentience (journal)">Animal Sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Species" title="Between the Species">Between the Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_antisp%C3%A9cistes" title="Cahiers antispécistes">Cahiers antispécistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etica_%26_Animali" title="Etica & Animali">Etica & Animali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations._Beyond_Anthropocentrism" title="Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism">Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Defender" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Defender">The Animals' Defender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkangel_(magazine)" title="Arkangel (magazine)">Arkangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_Back" title="Bite Back">Bite Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muutoksen_kev%C3%A4t" title="Muutoksen kevät">Muutoksen kevät</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(magazine)" title="No Compromise (magazine)">No Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_animal_rights" title="List of songs about animal rights">Albums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(album)" title="Animal Liberation (album)">Animal Liberation</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tame_Yourself" title="Tame Yourself">Tame Yourself</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_(Deadlock_album)" title="Manifesto (Deadlock album)">Manifesto</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_of_Innocents" title="Salvation of Innocents">Salvation of Innocents</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_to_Freedom" title="Onward to Freedom">Onward to Freedom</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fairs and exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_on_your_Plate" title="Holocaust on your Plate">Holocaust on your Plate</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_rights" title="Category:Animal rights">Category</a> ( 139 )</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Veganism_and_vegetarianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_chicken_fillet_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan chicken fillet roll">Chicken fillet roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrageenan" title="Carrageenan">Carrageenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulaman" title="Gulaman">Gulaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjac#Fruit_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjac">Konjac jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_cellulose#Food" title="Bacterial cellulose">Microbial cellulose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Mock duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Vegetarian bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian organizations">Groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Fast">Friday Fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books, reports, journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a> (1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a> (1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a> (1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a> (1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films and shows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics, activists, authors, physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Aaltola" title="Elisa Aaltola">Elisa Aaltola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Babich" title="Suzanne M. Babich">Suzanne M. Babich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bonsall" title="Will Bonsall">Will Bonsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Butaud" title="Georges Butaud">Georges Butaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodey_Castricano" title="Jodey Castricano">Jodey Castricano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cook_(vegan)" title="Robert Cook (vegan)">Robert Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Deckers" title="Jan Deckers">Jan Deckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_Dinshah" title="Freya Dinshah">Freya Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Jay_Dinshah" title="H. Jay Dinshah">H. Jay Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dornbusch" title="George Dornbusch">George Dornbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Breeze_Harper" title="A. Breeze Harper">A. Breeze Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Yale_Kamila" title="Avery Yale Kamila">Avery Yale Kamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aph_Ko" title="Aph Ko">Aph Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_G._Lee" title="Maxwell G. Lee">Maxwell G. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27arri" title="Al-Ma'arri">Al-Ma'arri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Mangels" title="Reed Mangels">Reed Mangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._McWilliams" title="James E. McWilliams">James E. McWilliams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesanto_Melina" title="Vesanto Melina">Vesanto Melina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emelia_Quinn" title="Emelia Quinn">Emelia Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunaura_Taylor" title="Sunaura Taylor">Sunaura Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Twine_(sociologist)" title="Richard Twine (sociologist)">Richard Twine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_A._Williams" title="Kim A. Williams">Kim A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Wright_(literary_scholar)" title="Laura Wright (literary scholar)">Laura Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Za%C3%AFkowska" title="Sophie Zaïkowska">Sophie Zaïkowska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_B._Acosta" title="Phyllis B. Acosta">Phyllis B. Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alcott" title="William Alcott">William Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_P._Allinson" title="Bertrand P. Allinson">Bertrand P. Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Attwood" title="Charles R. Attwood">Charles R. Attwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Axon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Axon">William Axon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Baltzer" title="Eduard Baltzer">Eduard Baltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._S._Bathgate" title="H. S. Bathgate">H. S. Bathgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_A._Barrows" title="Horace A. Barrows">Horace A. Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barstow" title="Geoffrey Barstow">Geoffrey Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_H._Beard" title="Sidney H. Beard">Sidney H. Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">George Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(physician)" title="Robert Bell (physician)">Robert Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Berg" title="Ragnar Berg">Ragnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rynn_Berry" title="Rynn Berry">Rynn Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Bircher-Benner" title="Maximilian Bircher-Benner">Maximilian Bircher-Benner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Black_(physician)" title="George Black (physician)">George Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bonnejoy" title="Ernest Bonnejoy">Ernest Bonnejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Duncan_Bulkley" title="Lucius Duncan Bulkley">Lucius Duncan Bulkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Buttner" title="J. L. Buttner">J. L. Buttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carton" title="Paul Carton">Paul Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Caudwell" title="Job Caudwell">Job Caudwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Clark (Bible Christian)">James Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cheyne_(physician)" title="George Cheyne (physician)">George Cheyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Clubb" title="Henry S. Clubb">Henry S. Clubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cocchi" title="Antonio Cocchi">Antonio Cocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Collier" title="Edwin Collier">Edwin Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna_F._Cooper" title="Lenna F. Cooper">Lenna F. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl_de_Clercq" title="Daniël de Clercq">Daniël de Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danjou" title="Georges Danjou">Georges Danjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Elmslie_Duncan" title="James Elmslie Duncan">James Elmslie Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Forward" title="Charles W. Forward">Charles W. Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Allen_Fox" title="Michael Allen Fox">Michael Allen Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gaard" title="Greta Gaard">Greta Gaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Grand" title="Jules Grand">Jules Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Hacker" title="Jeremiah Hacker">Jeremiah Hacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haddon" title="John Haddon">John Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hadwen" title="Walter Hadwen">Walter Hadwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig_(physician)" title="Alexander Haig (physician)">Alexander Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hare" title="Edward Hare">Edward Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Hecquet" title="Philippe Hecquet">Philippe Hecquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hines" title="Brian Hines">Brian Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Holbrook" title="Martin Luther Holbrook">Martin Luther Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Kress" title="Daniel H. Kress">Daniel H. Kress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lambe_(physician)" title="William Lambe (physician)">William Lambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._C._Latson" title="W. R. C. Latson">W. R. C. Latson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lee" title="Elmer Lee">Elmer Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Marquette" title="Jacques de Marquette">Jacques de Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Garrett_Marsh" title="Alice Garrett Marsh">Alice Garrett Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_McCartney" title="Stella McCartney">Stella McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_McCollum" title="Elmer McCollum">Elmer McCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Metcalfe" title="William Metcalfe">William Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Peck_Miller" title="Eli Peck Miller">Eli Peck Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Willis_Miller" title="Harry Willis Miller">Harry Willis Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_D._Mussey" title="Reuben D. Mussey">Reuben D. Mussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._E._O%27Callaghan" title="R. E. O'Callaghan">R. E. O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Oldfield" title="Josiah Oldfield">Josiah Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Ortt" title="Felix Ortt">Felix Ortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V._Pink" title="Cyril V. Pink">Cyril V. Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_Doyle_Register" title="Ulma Doyle Register">Ulma Doyle Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Romanes" title="Kenneth Romanes">Kenneth Romanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollo_Russell" title="Rollo Russell">Rollo Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Lindstr%C3%B6m_Saxon" title="Johan Lindström Saxon">Johan Lindström Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scholefield_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Scholefield (Bible Christian)">James Scholefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Schwartz" title="Richard H. Schwartz">Richard H. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Shearn" title="W. B. Shearn">W. B. Shearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lester_Smith" title="Ernest Lester Smith">Ernest Lester Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Stephens" title="William O. Stephens">William O. Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stoddard" title="Alan Stoddard">Alan Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thacher_Trall" title="Russell Thacher Trall">Russell Thacher Trall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Towgood" title="Frederick Towgood">Frederick Towgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Trist" title="Sidney Trist">Sidney Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Weilsh%C3%A4user" title="Emil Weilshäuser">Emil Weilshäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severin_Wielobycki" title="Severin Wielobycki">Severin Wielobycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)" title="Howard Williams (humanitarian)">Howard Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wokes" title="Frank Wokes">Frank Wokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Sibly" title="W. A. Sibly">W. A. Sibly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Zamir" title="Tzachi Zamir">Tzachi Zamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Keen_Zolber" title="Kathleen Keen Zolber">Kathleen Keen Zolber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs and cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayim_Bialik" title="Mayim Bialik">Mayim Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Boots" title="Gypsy Boots">Gypsy Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOSH!" title="BOSH!">BOSH!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Brotherton" title="Martha Brotherton">Martha Brotherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Espe_Brown" title="Edward Espe Brown">Edward Espe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Brown_(actress)" title="Tabitha Brown (actress)">Tabitha Brown (actress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Cole" title="Pinky Cole">Pinky Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Coscarelli" title="Chloe Coscarelli">Chloe Coscarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Devi" title="Yamuna Devi">Yamuna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Dragonwagon" title="Crescent Dragonwagon">Crescent Dragonwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Elliot" title="Rose Elliot">Rose Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Fiore" title="Toni Fiore">Toni Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Lee_Flinders" title="Carol Lee Flinders">Carol Lee Flinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Gauthier" title="Alexis Gauthier">Alexis Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhur_Jaffrey" title="Madhur Jaffrey">Madhur Jaffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Katzen" title="Mollie Katzen">Mollie Katzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Moore_Lapp%C3%A9" title="Frances Moore Lappé">Frances Moore Lappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Madison" title="Deborah Madison">Deborah Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Chandra_Moskowitz" title="Isa Chandra Moskowitz">Isa Chandra Moskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawa_Muhaiyaddeen" title="Bawa Muhaiyaddeen">Bawa Muhaiyaddeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_Oakley" title="Gaz Oakley">Gaz Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Patrick-Goudreau" title="Colleen Patrick-Goudreau">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Pritchard" title="Mathew Pritchard">Mathew Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyoko_Schinner" title="Miyoko Schinner">Miyoko Schinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Silverstone" title="Alicia Silverstone">Alicia Silverstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Terry" title="Bryant Terry">Bryant Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Thomas" title="Anna Thomas">Anna Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Thomas" title="Haile Thomas">Haile Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Toyota" title="Lauren Toyota">Lauren Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Veronesi" title="Umberto Veronesi">Umberto Veronesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wakeman_(author)" title="Alan Wakeman (author)">Alan Wakeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a> (The Book of Tofu)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_far_right" title="Template:UK far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_far_right" title="Template talk:UK far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Far-right politics in the United Kingdom">Far-right politics in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Brothers%27_League" title="British Brothers' League">British Brothers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_Publishing_Society" title="Britons Publishing Society">Britons Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Array" title="English Array">English Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mistery" title="English Mistery">English Mistery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_Christian_Patriots" title="Militant Christian Patriots">Militant Christian Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(1979)" title="British Democratic Party (1979)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Party" title="British Empire Party">British Empire Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freedom_Party" title="British Freedom Party">British Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Alliance" title="Conservative Democratic Alliance">Conservative Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Movement" title="Constitutional Movement">Constitutional Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Group" title="Flag Group">Flag Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Lads_Alliance" title="Football Lads Alliance">Football Lads Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1966)" title="National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Democrats (United Kingdom)">National Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fellowship" title="National Fellowship">National Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Party_(UK)" title="National Independence Party (UK)">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(UK,_1957)" title="National Labour Party (UK, 1957)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1976)" title="National Party (UK, 1976)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Alliance" title="Nationalist Alliance">Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Party" title="New Britain Party">New Britain Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalist_Party_(UK)" title="New Nationalist Party (UK)">New Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(British_neo-Nazi_organisation)" title="Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Conservative_Caucus" title="Revolutionary Conservative Caucus">Revolutionary Conservative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Country_Party_(United_Kingdom)" title="United Country Party (United Kingdom)">United Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Defence_League" title="White Defence League">White Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nationalist_Party" title="White Nationalist Party">White Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Goals_Institute" title="Western Goals Institute">Western Goals Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_far-right_groups_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="List of British far-right groups (1945–present)">Active groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/BNP_Youth" title="BNP Youth">BNP Youth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Britain" title="Christian Council of Britain">Christian Council of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> (some members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Oswald_Mosley" title="Friends of Oswald Mosley">Friends of Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Party (Britain)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1999)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1999)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Coalition" title="Protestant Coalition">Protestant Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Pie and Mash squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Volunteer_Force" title="Racial Volunteer Force">Racial Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#United_Kingdom_(Sonnenkrieg_Division)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe" title="Stop Islamisation of Europe">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Britain_Group" title="Traditional Britain Group">Traditional Britain Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amery" title="John Amery">John Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_Beamish" title="Henry Hamilton Beamish">Henry Hamilton Beamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">John Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Russell,_12th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford">Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._D._Blakeney" title="R. B. D. Blakeney">R. B. D. Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">John Henry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haller_Cooper" title="Thomas Haller Cooper">Thomas Haller Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Domvile" title="Barry Domvile">Barry Domvile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Drummond_Wolff_(Basingstoke_MP)" title="Henry Drummond Wolff (Basingstoke MP)">Henry Drummond Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josslyn_Hay,_22nd_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll">Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forgan" title="Robert Forgan">Robert Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyle,_8th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow">Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elsdale_Goad" title="Harold Elsdale Goad">Harold Elsdale Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Goodall" title="Reginald Goodall">Reginald Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon-Canning" title="Robert Gordon-Canning">Robert Gordon-Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_Hawkins" title="Neil Francis Hawkins">Neil Francis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Arnold Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotha_Lintorn-Orman" title="Rotha Lintorn-Orman">Rotha Lintorn-Orman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLardy" title="Frank McLardy">Frank McLardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Diana Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Mosley" title="Lady Cynthia Mosley">Cynthia Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Archibald Maule Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitford,_2nd_Baron_Redesdale" title="David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale">David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliott_Verdon_Roe" title="Alliott Verdon Roe">Alliott Verdon Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_26th_Baron_de_Clifford" title="Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford">Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Alexander Raven Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Seton_Hutchison" title="Graham Seton Hutchison">Graham Seton Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vivian" title="Herbert Vivian">Herbert Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warburton_(fascist)" title="John Warburton (fascist)">John Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts_(fascist)" title="Charlie Watts (fascist)">Charlie Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Helen Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown" title="Francis Yeats-Brown">Francis Yeats-Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnbrook" title="Richard Barnbrook">Richard Barnbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._X._Baron" title="A. F. X. Baron">A. F. X. Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larratt_Battersby" title="James Larratt Battersby">James Larratt Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Beackon" title="Derek Beackon">Derek Beackon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood" title="Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood">Jane, Lady Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowden" title="Jonathan Bowden">Jonathan Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bryan" title="Kevin Bryan">Kevin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckby" title="Jack Buckby">Jack Buckby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Butler" title="Eddy Butler">Eddy Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings#David_Copeland" title="1999 London nail bombings">David Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotterill" title="Mark Cotterill">Mark Cotterill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Darby" title="Simon Darby">Simon Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ebanks" title="Sharon Ebanks">Sharon Ebanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds" title="Richard Edmonds">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dowson" title="Jim Dowson">Jim Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayda_Fransen" title="Jayda Fransen">Jayda Fransen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Golding" title="Paul Golding">Paul Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hamm" title="Jeffrey Hamm">Jeffrey Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hancock_(publisher)" title="Anthony Hancock (publisher)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harrington_(activist)" title="Patrick Harrington (activist)">Patrick Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Holland_(activist)" title="Derek Holland (activist)">Derek Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hopkins" title="Katie Hopkins">Katie Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(English_Defence_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lake (English Defence League)">Alan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawson_(activist)" title="Richard Lawson (activist)">Richard Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lecomber" title="Tony Lecomber">Tony Lecomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Morrison" title="Eddy Morrison">Eddy Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morse_(British_politician)" title="John Morse (British politician)">John Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(British_politician)" title="John O'Brien (British politician)">John O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Painter" title="Roy Painter">Roy Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Parvini" title="Neema Parvini">Neema Parvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Roger Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pirie" title="Denis Pirie">Denis Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Quinn_(neo-Nazi)" title="Kevin Quinn (neo-Nazi)">Kevin Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reed_Herbert" title="Anthony Reed Herbert">Anthony Reed Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Relf" title="Robert Relf">Robert Relf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Row" title="Robert Row">Robert Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith_(far-right_activist)" title="Kenny Smith (far-right activist)">Kenny Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Troy Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thompson_(politician)" title="Keith Thompson (politician)">Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Verrall" title="Richard Verrall">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Walker_(British_politician)" title="Adam Walker (British politician)">Adam Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_West_(politician)" title="Robert West (politician)">Robert West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weston_(politician)" title="Paul Weston (politician)">Paul Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Williamson" title="Graham Williamson">Graham Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graeme_Wood" title="John Graeme Wood">John Graeme Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_election_results" title="British National Party election results">British National Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_set" title="Cliveden set">Cliveden set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">List of British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)_election_results" title="National Front (UK) election results">National Front election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Maintenance_of_Supplies" title="Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies">Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active notable publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202246#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202246#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202246#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108035396">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95084956">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/295019/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119433923">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91116097">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139357377">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139357377">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00471938">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV374787">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40652182">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20060602012&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX834103">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072777028">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3071690">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000044894&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=264611">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9dkxvh2wrbc9l">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007450541905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000126107">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058608550206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14633129">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/013fa897-86db-41d3-8e9f-386c8a34f4e6">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/morrissey/11196">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1448552">Trove</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1049165">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119433923">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a 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Template:Infobox_musical_artist"," 5.70% 293.505 40 Template:Sfnm"," 5.53% 284.739 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.16% 265.537 5 Template:Quote_box"," 3.63% 187.024 17 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.450","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12793597,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlexandra_Topping2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlice_Philipson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllardyce2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAswad2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBajgrowicz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchemin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenedictus2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenigno2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBona2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBracewell,_Michael\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrandle2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBret2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBury,_Liz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByrne2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCamp2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChuck_Klosterman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Tseng\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Tseng2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeveruexHidalgo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiCrescenzo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorian_Lynskey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis-Petersen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine,_Stephen_Thomas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEwing2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernandez2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlood2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFullerton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarvey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGatti,_Tom2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoddard2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoddard2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoddard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoddard2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrow2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHajjaji2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris,_John\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoggard2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden,_Stephen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuey,_Steve\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes,_Josiah2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Orr2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenn_PellyAmy_Phillips2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonze2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordan_Bassett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirkham2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitty_Empire2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlosterman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrol2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLegge2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeight2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebert2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinney2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean,_Craig\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichaels2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinsker2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiriam_Coleman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan_Britton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrissey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrissey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrissey2013\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFMumfordPulverBradshaw2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray,_Robin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNadia_Khomami2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordyke2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFOwens2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatches2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaytress2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPelly2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellyon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawlinson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRettig2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogan1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoxbrough2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSacher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandle2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeymour2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherwin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon_Armitage2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson,_Dave\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_writer(s)2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStringer1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSturges2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTennis2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimberg,_Scott2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTopping2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasagar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVincent2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWade2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarnes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkes2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoods2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWyatt2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoo2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFculture_show\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"\\\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Animal rights\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Award table\"] = 12,\n [\"BillboardURLbyName\"] = 2,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 68,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 155,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 1,\n [\"End\"] = 12,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 4,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Morrissey\"] = 1,\n [\"Morrissey singles\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 3,\n [\"Nom\"] = 15,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 5,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 230,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 40,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"The Smiths\"] = 1,\n [\"UK far right\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Veganism\"] = 1,\n [\"Won\"] = 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