War Leader Archives - International Churchill Society

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menu-item-20682"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/join-the-society/">Join</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <div class="breadcrumb-custom breadcrumb-events"> <div class="container"> <div class="breadcrumb-custom"><ul itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></li><span class="breadcrumbs__separator"></span><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">The Life of Churchill</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></li><span class="breadcrumbs__separator"></span><li><span class="breadcrumbs__current">War Leader</span></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <section class="banner-learn "> <div class="container"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5"> <div class="text-content smaller-content"> <h1>War Leader</h1> <div class="image d-md-none"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/E0KP6G-scaled.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="img-caption d-md-none"> <p>The Prime Minister recently paid a visit to Edinburgh, where he inspected units of the Civil Defence and afterwards received the freedom and the Burgess Ticket of the City. Photo shows Mr Churchill inspecting women Auxiliary nurses, in Edinburgh, 15 Oct 1942 © E0KP6G Alamy.com</p> </div> <h3>Learn more about Churchill's time as leader in the Second World War</h3> <a href="#anchor-learn" class="icon-arrow link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-7"> <div class="image d-none d-md-block"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/E0KP6G-scaled.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="img-caption d-none d-md-block"> <p>The Prime Minister recently paid a visit to Edinburgh, where he inspected units of the Civil Defence and afterwards received the freedom and the Burgess Ticket of the City. Photo shows Mr Churchill inspecting women Auxiliary nurses, in Edinburgh, 15 Oct 1942 © E0KP6G Alamy.com</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="anchor-learn"></div> <section class="timeline timeline-year"> <div class="container"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text title-border-left"> <h4>1940 - 1945</h4> <h2>HISTORICAL TIMELINE</h2> <h3>Walk with us, through the life of a legend</h3> </div> <div class="timeline-content-grid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-4"> <div class="section-title-border"> <h2>Life of Churchill</h2> <h3>War Leader</h3> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-lg-8"> <div class="content-single"><p>Churchill became Prime Minister of a national government on 10 May 1940, the very day that Hitler invaded France and the Low Countries. The first few weeks of his premiership were marked by military disaster, as France surrendered and the British army was evacuated from Dunkirk. The United Kingdom then faced direct attack in the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.</p> <p>Churchill’s famous speeches and broadcasts were carefully constructed to raise British morale while sending a message of defiance to Germany and a call for support to the United States. Churchill’s policy was ‘victory at all costs’ through ‘blood, toil, tears and sweat’. Though sixty-five in 1940, he strove to take the offensive to the enemy and worked tirelessly to assemble and maintain the Grand Alliance against fascism. With his bulldog scowl, ever-present cigar and V for Victory salute he came to personify the British war effort. This section will tell you more about his time as</p> <p>If you want to learn about the Second World War in more detail, look at the <a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/learning-resources?pr-partnerid=imperial-war-museum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imperial War Museums’ website.</a></p> <p>This section will tell you more about his time as leader in the Second World War.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="year-date text-center"> <h3>1940 - 1945</h3> </div> </div> <section class="timeline-year-row"> <div class="arrow"> <i class="arrow-sticky-year fal fa-long-arrow-down"></i> </div>  <article id="section_1"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>9 April 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germany invades Denmark and Norway."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Germany invades Denmark and Norway</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>10 May 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germany invades Luxembourg, Holland and Belgium"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Germany invades Luxembourg, Holland and Belgium</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_2"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>10 May 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Churchill becomes Prime Minister and Minister of Defence"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill becomes Prime Minister and Minister of Defence</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>13 May 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Promises only 'Blood, toil, tears and sweat.'"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Promises only ‘Blood, toil, tears and sweat.’</span></p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-teal" href="/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/blood-toil-tears-and-sweat/" target=""> More on this speech </a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>20 May 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"U.S. Ambassador Joseph Kennedy tells Roosevelt that 'Britain is finished'"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">U.S. Ambassador Joseph Kennedy tells Roosevelt that ‘Britain is finished’</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_4"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>24 may 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germans reach Calais on English Channel"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Germans reach Calais on English Channel</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>26 May - 4 Jun 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Dunkirk evacuation"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Dunkirk evacuation of Allied troops from the French coast</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>28 May 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Convinces Cabinet to fight on, Belgium surrenders"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Convinces Cabinet to fight on, Belgium surrenders</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_6"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>4 Jun 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Tells Parliament 'We shall never surrender.'"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Tells Parliament ‘We shall never surrender.’</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_7"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">   </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>18 Jun 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Gives his 'Finest Hour' speech"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill gives his famous ‘Finest Hour’ speech</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_8"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>25 Jun 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"France surrenders"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">France surrenders</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>4 Jul 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Churchill orders attack on French fleet, Oran"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill orders attack on the French fleet at Oran in North Africa</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article class="fullwidth-content" id="section_9"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="fullwidth-content-box"> <h3>10 Aug 1940</h3> <div><p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"10 Aug Battle of Britain begins"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7105,"3":{"1":0},"9":0,"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Battle of Britain begins</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_10"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>27 Sep 1940</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Tripartite Pact signed forming the Axis Powers"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Tripartite Pact signed forming the Axis Powers</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text section-title-red"> <h2>15 Dec 1940: Halifax named Ambassador to the US; Eden named Foreign Secretary</h2> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_11"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>11 Mar 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"U.S. Lend-Lease Act"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">US Lend-Lease Act</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>27 May 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"German battleship Bismarck sunk"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">German battleship Bismarck sunk</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_12"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>22 Jun 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germany invades Russia in Operation Barbarosa "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Germany invades Russia in Operation Barbarosa </span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>12 Aug 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Drafts the Atlantic Charter communiqué"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Drafts the Atlantic Charter communiqué outlining the principles for the post-war world </span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_13"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text section-title-red"> <h2>7 Dec 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor</h2> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_14"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>10 Dec 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse sunk"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse sunk</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>11 Dec 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germany, Italy declare war on USA"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Germany and Italy declare war on the US</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_15"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>22 Dec - 14 Jan 1941-2</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Washington conference"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Washington conference</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>25 Dec 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hong Kong surrenders to Japan"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Hong Kong surrenders to Japan</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_16"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>26 Jan 1941</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"First speech to joint session of Congress"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill gives his first speech to a joint session of the US Congress</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>27 Jan 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Wins vote of confidence, 464 to 1"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Wins vote of confidence in the House of Commons, 464 to 1</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_17"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>14 Feb 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Singapore falls to the Japanese"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Singapore falls to the Japanese when British Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival surrenders </span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>2 Jul 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Defeats vote of no confidence 475 to 25"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Defeats vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, 475 to 25</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_18"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>12 Aug 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Flies to Moscow; first meeting with Stalin"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Flies to Moscow for his first meeting with Marshall Stalin of the Soviet Union </span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>8 Nov 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"American troops land in North Africa"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">American troops land in North Africa</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_19"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>Dec 1942</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Allies crack the German Enigma code"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Allies crack the German Enigma code</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>14-24 Jan 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Casablanca Conference"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Casablanca Conference</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_20"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>2 Feb 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Germans surrender at Stalingrad"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Battle of Stalingrad ends when German Field Marshall Friedrich Paulus surrendered to the Soviet forces</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>5 May 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Travel to Washington for 'Trident' conference"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Travel to Washington for ‘Trident’ conference</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_21"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>10 Jul 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Allied invasion of Sicily"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Allied invasion of Sicily, </span>codenamed Operation Husky, let by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, as Commander-in-Chief of all the Allied forces in North Africa</p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>25 Jul 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Mussolini dismissed from office and arrested"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Mussolini dismissed from office and arrested</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_22"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>14 Aug 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"First Quebec Conference begins"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">First Quebec Conference begins</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>3 Sep 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Allied invasion of southern Italy"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Allied invasion of southern Italy</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_23"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>28 Nov - 1 Dec 1943</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Meets Roosevelt and Stalin at Teheran Conference"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Meets Roosevelt and Stalin at Teheran Conference</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article class="fullwidth-content" id="section_24"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="fullwidth-content-box"> <h3>6 Jun 1944</h3> <div><p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"D-Day, the Allied invasion of France"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">D-Day, codenamed Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of France</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_25"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>12 Jun 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Visits Normandy beachheads"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill crosses the English Channel and visits Normandy beachheads</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>13-14 Jun 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"First V-1 flying bomb lands in England"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">First V-1 flying bomb lands in England</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_26"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>20 Jul 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Von Stauffenberg's bomb fails to kill Hitler"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Oberst (Colonel) Claus von Stauffenberg’s bomb hidden in a briefcase fails to kill Adolf Hitler in his Wolf’s Lair located in East Prussia near the town of Rastenburg</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>24 Aug 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Liberation of Paris"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Liberation of Paris</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_27"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>9 Oct 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Makes 'percentages' agreement on spheres of influence"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Makes ‘percentages’ agreement on spheres of influence</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_28"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>7 Nov 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Roosevelt elected for a fourth term"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Roosevelt elected for a fourth term</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>11 Nov 1944</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Celebrates Armistice Day in Paris"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Celebrates Armistice Day in Paris</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_29"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>25 Jan 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Relief of Bastogne ends Battle of the Bulge"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Relief of Bastogne ends Battle of the Bulge</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>4-12 Feb 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Meets Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin meet at Yalta</span></p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-teal" href="/the-life-of-churchill/war-leader/yalta-1945/" target=""> More on Yalta </a> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_30"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>25 Mar 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Crosses Rhine two days after Allied Armies"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">A victorious Churchill crosses Rhine River in Germany two days after Allied Armies</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>12 Apr 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Roosevelt dies in Warm Springs, Georgia"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Roosevelt dies in Warm Springs, Georgia</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_31"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>28 Apr 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Mussolini executed by partisans at Mezzegra"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Italian dictator Benito Mussolini executed by partisans at Mezzegra</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>30 Apr 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hitler commits suicide in Berlin"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker under Reich Chancellery in Berlin</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article class="fullwidth-content" id="section_32"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/VE-Day-8-May-1945.jpg" alt="VE Day 8 May 1945" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="fullwidth-content-box"> <h3>8 May 1945</h3> <div><p>V-E (Victory in Europe) Day, Germany surrenders</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_33"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>4 Jun 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Delivers 'Gestapo' speech"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill delivers ‘Gestapo’ speech, throwing his campaign into controversy</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>5 Jul 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Polling day in Britain"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Polling day in Britain</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_34"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>17-25 Jul 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Meets Truman and Stalin at Potsdam"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Churchill meets President Truman and Marshall Stalin at Potsdam, just outside of Berlin, Germany</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>26 Jul 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Resigns as Prime Minister"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7043,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16776960],"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article>  <article id="section_35"> <div class="container"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>6 Aug 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content">  <div class="timeline-content-bordered"> <h3>15 Aug 1945</h3> <div class="content-border-left"> <p><span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"V-J Day. Japan surrenders"}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":7041,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":0,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Arial, sans-serif"}">V-J (Victory over Japan) Day, Japan surrenders</span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="timeline-button"> <div class="container"> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/the-life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/" target=""> Proceed to Next Section: Senior Statesman </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-3 col-footer-about"> <div class="footer-about"> <h3 class="title-left-line">About</h3> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="1024" height="511" src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg" class="custom-logo" alt="International Churchill Society" decoding="async" srcset="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg 1024w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-768x383.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a> <p>The International Churchill Society (ICS), founded in 1968 shortly after Churchill's death, is the world’s preeminent member organisation dedicated to preserving the historic legacy of Sir Winston Churchill. 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