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Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="ie ie8"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html class="ie ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach</title> <!-- favicon --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="./data/ijsom/coversheet/favicon.ico" /> <!-- mobile settings --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, maximum-scale=1, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=0" /> <!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible' content='IE=edge,chrome=1'><![endif]--> <!-- user defined metatags --> <meta name="keywords" content="Supply chain,Discount,Service level,Competition,Price,Game theory" /> <meta name="description" content="This paper examines the impacts of three factors include the service, price, and discount on the supply chain鈥檚 profit. We consider a supply chain, including one traditional retailer and two manufacturers. By using the game-theoretic approach, we derive optimal solutions and analyze competition between members under two scenarios: (1) the retailer buys the products from two manufacturers without price discount contracts, i.e. no products are sold with price discount contract. (2) The retailer buys the product from one of the manufacturers with price discount contracts. We find that the price discount rate and the service level are very effective on the demand and profit of supply chain members and determining the appropriate discount rate is very important. The results show that increasing the service provided by the retailer does not necessarily increase the profit of the manufacturer and he should set an appropriate discount rate to increase his profit. Our work contributes to three aspects: (1) joint and simultaneous examination of competition in the supply chain under the three factors of price discount, price, and service level; (2) examination of competition in the supply chain where the retailer and a manufacturer provide free service to consumers; and (3) analysis and comparison of the numerical example results in the two above scenarios according to the sensitivity analysis of various parameters." /> <meta name="title" content="Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="NOODP" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Asadi, Hashem" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Graduate Center of Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sadjadi, Seyed Jafar" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sadeghian, Ramin" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Graduate Center of Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="This paper examines the impacts of three factors include the service, price, and discount on the supply chain鈥檚 profit. We consider a supply chain, including one traditional retailer and two manufacturers. By using the game-theoretic approach, we derive optimal solutions and analyze competition between members under two scenarios: (1) the retailer buys the products from two manufacturers without price discount contracts, i.e. no products are sold with price discount contract. (2) The retailer buys the product from one of the manufacturers with price discount contracts. We find that the price discount rate and the service level are very effective on the demand and profit of supply chain members and determining the appropriate discount rate is very important. The results show that increasing the service provided by the retailer does not necessarily increase the profit of the manufacturer and he should set an appropriate discount rate to increase his profit. Our work contributes to three aspects: (1) joint and simultaneous examination of competition in the supply chain under the three factors of price discount, price, and service level; (2) examination of competition in the supply chain where the retailer and a manufacturer provide free service to consumers; and (3) analysis and comparison of the numerical example results in the two above scenarios according to the sensitivity analysis of various parameters." /> <meta name="citation_id" content="2793" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/08/01" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2019-08-01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Supply and Operations Management" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="23831359" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="6" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="245" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="263" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Kharazmi University" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.22034/2019.3.5" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.22034/2019.3.5" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2793.html" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2793_d8238493afc26800265ba5e0fa54c169.pdf" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach" /> <meta name="DC.Source" content="International Journal of Supply and Operations Management" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="01/08/2019" /> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" content="2019-08-01" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="application/pdf" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Asadi, Hashem" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sadjadi, Seyed Jafar" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sadeghian, Ramin" /> <meta name="og:title" content="Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach" /> <meta name="og:description" content="This paper examines the impacts of three factors include the service, price, and discount on the supply chain鈥檚 profit. We consider a supply chain, including one traditional retailer and two manufacturers. By using the game-theoretic approach, we derive optimal solutions and analyze competition between members under two scenarios: (1) the retailer buys the products from two manufacturers without price discount contracts, i.e. no products are sold with price discount contract. (2) The retailer buys the product from one of the manufacturers with price discount contracts. We find that the price discount rate and the service level are very effective on the demand and profit of supply chain members and determining the appropriate discount rate is very important. The results show that increasing the service provided by the retailer does not necessarily increase the profit of the manufacturer and he should set an appropriate discount rate to increase his profit. Our work contributes to three aspects: (1) joint and simultaneous examination of competition in the supply chain under the three factors of price discount, price, and service level; (2) examination of competition in the supply chain where the retailer and a manufacturer provide free service to consumers; and (3) analysis and comparison of the numerical example results in the two above scenarios according to the sensitivity analysis of various parameters." /> <meta name="og:url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2793.html" /> <!-- WEB FONTS : use %7C instead of | (pipe) --> <link href="./themes/base/front/assets/css/social-icon-font.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- CORE CSS --> <link href="./themes/base/front/assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=0.02" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./themes/old/front/assets/css/header.css?v=0.05" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./themes/old/front/assets/css/footer.css" rel="stylesheet" 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/.navbar-collapse --> </div> <!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <!-- MAIN SECTION --> <div class="container" > <div id="dv_main_cnt"> <section class="no-cover-box"> <div class="row"> <!-- CENTER --> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-8" id="dv_artcl"> <!-- Current Issue --> <div> <h1 class="margin-bottom-20 size-18 ltr"><span class="article_title bold"> Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach</span></h1> <div> <div class="margin-bottom-3"> </div> <p class="margin-bottom-3">Document Type : Research Paper</p> <p class="padding-0" style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Authors</strong></p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-seprator margin-bottom-6 ltr"> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=117777&_au=Hashem++Asadi">Hashem Asadi</a> <sup><a href="mailto:hashem.asadi@gmail.com" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Email to Corresponding Author"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" ></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#aff1" >1</a></sup> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=117787&_au=Seyed+Jafar++Sadjadi">Seyed Jafar Sadjadi</a> <sup class="ltr"><a class=" text-green" href="https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-5453" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" title="ORCID: 0000-0002-9069-5453" target="_blank"><i class="ai ai-orcid size-13" ></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#aff2" >2</a></sup> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=117788&_au=Ramin++Sadeghian">Ramin Sadeghian</a> <sup><a href="#aff1" >1</a></sup> </li> </ul> <p class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="aff1"> <sup>1</sup> Graduate Center of Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran </p> <p class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="aff2"> <sup>2</sup> School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran </p> <div class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="ar_doi" title="DOI"><i class="ai ai-doi size-25 text-orange"></i> <span dir="ltr"><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/2019.3.5">10.22034/2019.3.5</a></span></div> <p style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <div class="padding_abstract justify ltr">This paper examines the impacts of three factors include the service, price, and discount on the supply chain’s profit. We consider a supply chain, including one traditional retailer and two manufacturers. By using the game-theoretic approach, we derive optimal solutions and analyze competition between members under two scenarios: (1) the retailer buys the products from two manufacturers without price discount contracts, i.e. no products are sold with price discount contract. (2) The retailer buys the product from one of the manufacturers with price discount contracts. We find that the price discount rate and the service level are very effective on the demand and profit of supply chain members and determining the appropriate discount rate is very important. The results show that increasing the service provided by the retailer does not necessarily increase the profit of the manufacturer and he should set an appropriate discount rate to increase his profit. Our work contributes to three aspects: (1) joint and simultaneous examination of competition in the supply chain under the three factors of price discount, price, and service level; (2) examination of competition in the supply chain where the retailer and a manufacturer provide free service to consumers; and (3) analysis and comparison of the numerical example results in the two above scenarios according to the sensitivity analysis of various parameters.</div> <p class="padding-0" style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Keywords</strong></p> <ul class="block list-inline list-inline-seprator margin-bottom-6 ltr"> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105097&_kw=Supply+chain" >Supply chain</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105450&_kw=Discount" >Discount</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106023&_kw=Service+level" >Service level</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106024&_kw=Competition" >Competition</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106025&_kw=Price" >Price</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105448&_kw=Game+theory" >Game theory</a> </li> </ul> <p class="padding-0" style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Main Subjects</strong></p> <ul class="block list-inline list-inline-seprator margin-bottom-6"> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&sb=152&_sb=optimization+in+supply+chain+management" >optimization in supply chain management</a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <div class="page_break"></div> <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading card-header"> <h4 class="panel-title "> <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordions" href="#collapsesRef"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> References</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapsesRef" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <div class="panel-body justify"> <div class="padding-3 margin-top-3 ltr justify">Ba, S., Stallaert, J., and Zhang, Z. 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Game analysis in a dual channels system with different power structures and service provision. <em>Journal of Systems Science and Information</em>, Vol. 3(6), pp. 513-524 </div> <div class="padding-3 margin-top-3 ltr justify">Zhang, S., Dan, B., and Zhou, M. (2019). After-sale Service Deployment and Information Sharing in a Supply Chain under Demand Uncertainty. <em>European Journal of Operational Research</em>, Vol. 279, pp. 351–363. </div> <div class="padding-3 margin-top-3 ltr justify">Zissis, Dimitris, George Ioannou, and Apostolos Burnetas. 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--> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Asadi, H., Sadjadi, S., & Sadeghian, R. (2019). Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach. <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 6(3), 245-263. doi: 10.22034/2019.3.5</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-mla" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">MLA</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Hashem Asadi; Seyed Jafar Sadjadi; Ramin Sadeghian. "Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach". <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 6, 3, 2019, 245-263. doi: 10.22034/2019.3.5</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-harvard" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">HARVARD</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Asadi, H., Sadjadi, S., Sadeghian, R. (2019). 'Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach', <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 6(3), pp. 245-263. doi: 10.22034/2019.3.5</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-vancouver" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">VANCOUVER</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Asadi, H., Sadjadi, S., Sadeghian, R. Pricing, Service and Discount Policies for Substitutable Products in a Supply Chain with the Game Theoretical Approach. <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 2019; 6(3): 245-263. doi: 10.22034/2019.3.5</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /MAIN CONTENT --> <!-- Subscribe --> <section class="alternate padding-xxs"> </section> <!-- /Subscribe --> <!-- FOOTER --> <div class="container"> <footer id="footer"> <div class="scrollup" id="scroll" href="#"><span></span></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <!-- Links --> <h4 class="">Explore Journal</h4> <ul class="footer-links list-unstyled"> <li id="fli_home"><a href="./">Home</a></li> <li id="fli_about"><a href="./journal/about">About Journal</a></li> <li id="fli_Edb"><a href="./journal/editorial.board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li id="fli_submit"><a href="./author">Submit Manuscript</a></li> <li id="fli_contactus"><a href="./journal/contact.us">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="fli_glossary"><a href="./journal/glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li id="fli_order_hrdj"><a href="./journal/subscription.form">Hard Copy Subscription</a></li> <li id="fli_sitemap"><a href="./sitemap.xml?usr">Sitemap</a></li> </ul> <!-- /Links --> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <!-- Latest News --> <h4 class="">Latest News</h4> <ul class="footer-posts list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="./news?newsCode=173">SD of ISC: Sustainable Development of Intelligent Supply Chains based on Trends and Future Directions: Application of Novel Solution Techniques</a> <small class="ltr">2023-03-05</small> </li> </ul> <!-- /Latest News --> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <!-- Footer Note --> <div><p><a title="Linkedin" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/ijsom?trk=eml-cp_mktg-btn-welcome-20120607%2F"><img src="images/linkedin.jpg" alt="linkedin" /></a></p></div> <!-- /Footer Note --> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <!-- Newsletter Form --> <h4 class="">Newsletter Subscription</h4> <p>Subscribe to the journal newsletter and receive the latest news and updates</p> <form class="validate" action="" method="post" data-success="Subscription saved successfully." data-toastr-position="bottom-right"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="c41a045ef12205a01a8bb15e7f5237906862a1738740f403"/> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></span> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required="required" class="form-control required sbs_email" placeholder="Enter your Email" oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Enter a valid email address.')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-primary mybtn" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </span> </div> </form> <!-- /Newsletter Form --> <!-- Social Icons --> <div class="margin-top-20"> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Twitter"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Linkedin"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="./ju.rss" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-rss pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Rss"><i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright" style="position: relative"> <ul class="nomargin list-inline mobile-block"> <li>© Journal Management System. <span id='sp_crt'>Powered by <a target='_blank' href='https://www.sinaweb.net/'>Sinaweb</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> <!-- /FOOTER --> </div> <!-- /wrapper --> <!-- SCROLL TO TOP --> <a href="#" id="toTop_old"></a> <!-- PRELOADER --> <div id="preloader"> <div class="inner"> <span class="loader"></span> </div> </div><!-- /PRELOADER --> <!-- JAVASCRIPT FILES --> <script type="text/javascript">var plugin_path = './themes/base/front/assets/plugins/';</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="./themes/base/front/assets/js/scripts.js?v=0.02"></script> <!-- user defined scripts--> <!-- Extra Script Scripts --> <script type="text/javascript"> $('ul.nav li.dropdown').hover(function() { if (window.matchMedia('(max-width: 767px)').matches) return; 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