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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Types </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Types subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tectonic_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tectonic_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Tectonic lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tectonic_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanic_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanic_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Volcanic lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanic_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glacial_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glacial_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Glacial lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glacial_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluvial_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluvial_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Fluvial lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluvial_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oxbow_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxbow_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Oxbow lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxbow_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluviatile_dams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluviatile_dams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Fluviatile dams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluviatile_dams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lateral_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lateral_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Lateral lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lateral_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floodplain_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floodplain_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Floodplain lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floodplain_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solution_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solution_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Solution lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solution_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landslide_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landslide_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Landslide lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landslide_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aeolian_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeolian_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Aeolian lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeolian_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoreline_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoreline_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Shoreline lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoreline_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organic_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Organic lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organic_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peat_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peat_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.1 Peat lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peat_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Artificial lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meteorite_(extraterrestrial_impact)_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meteorite_(extraterrestrial_impact)_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Meteorite (extraterrestrial impact) lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meteorite_(extraterrestrial_impact)_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_classification_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_classification_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Other classification methods </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_classification_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other classification methods subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_classification_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_thermal_stratification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_thermal_stratification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 By thermal stratification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_thermal_stratification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_seasonal_variations_in_water_level_and_volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_seasonal_variations_in_water_level_and_volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 By seasonal variations in water level and volume </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_seasonal_variations_in_water_level_and_volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_water_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_water_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 By water chemistry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_water_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composed_of_other_liquids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composed_of_other_liquids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Composed of other liquids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composed_of_other_liquids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleolakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleolakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Paleolakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleolakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Characteristics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limnology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limnology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Limnology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Limnology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Limnology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Limnology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biological_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Biological properties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Circulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Circulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disappearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disappearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Disappearance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disappearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraterrestrial_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraterrestrial_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Extraterrestrial lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraterrestrial_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_lakes_on_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_lakes_on_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable lakes on Earth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_lakes_on_Earth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable lakes on Earth subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_lakes_on_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_by_continent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_by_continent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Largest by continent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_by_continent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lake</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 188 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" > 188 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tas%C3%A9k" title="Tasék – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tasék" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer" title="Meer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/See" title="See – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="See" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%85" title="ሀይቅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀይቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4vri" title="Jävri – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jävri" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بحيرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحيرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laco" title="Laco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Laco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܝܡܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8c" title="Lèc – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lèc" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llagu" title="Llagu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llagu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakihikan" title="Sakihikan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Sakihikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="झील – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="झील" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ypa" title="Ypa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ypa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80" title="ХӀор – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀор" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quta" title="Quta – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Quta" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6l" title="Göl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Göl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A4%D9%84" title="گؤل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گؤل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu" title="Danu – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Danu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6" title="হ্রদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্রদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaw" title="Danaw – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Danaw" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94%CD%98" title="Ô͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Күл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Возера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Возера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Возера – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Возера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="झील – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="झील" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaw" title="Danaw – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Danaw" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Езеро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Езеро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jezero" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenn_(dour)" title="Lenn (dour) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lenn (dour)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нуур – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нуур" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llac" title="Llac – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B3%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Кӳлĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кӳлĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanaw" title="Lanaw – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lanaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jezero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanza" title="Nyanza – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyanza" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyn" title="Llyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8" title="Sø – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sø" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/See" title="See – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="See" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazor" title="Jazor – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jazor" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rv" title="Järv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Järv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Λίμνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίμνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8g" title="Lèg – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lèg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Эрьке – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эрьке" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aintzira" title="Aintzira – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aintzira" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87" title="دریاچه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریاچه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac" title="Lac – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar" title="Mar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2t" title="Lât – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch" title="Loch – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Loch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logh" title="Logh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Logh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch-uisge" title="Loch-uisge – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Loch-uisge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ӏам – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96" title="湖 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="湖" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5" title="તળાવ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તળાવ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9" title="Fù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%88%98" title="호수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B3" title="Լիճ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիճ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="झील – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="झील" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%9Bzor" title="Jězor – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jězor" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jezero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulalo" title="Bulalo – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bulalo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaw" title="Danaw – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Danaw" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau" title="Danau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Danau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laco" title="Laco – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Laco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Цад – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichibi" title="Ichibi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ichibi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6%C3%B0uvatn" title="Stöðuvatn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stöðuvatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9D" title="אגם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaga" title="Tlaga – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tlaga" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸರೋವರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರೋವರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ტბა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="سَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Көл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga" title="Ikiyaga – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikiyaga" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziwa" title="Ziwa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ziwa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B" title="Ты – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ты" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzda" title="Uzda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Uzda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak" title="Lak – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lak" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak" title="Lak – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lak" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol" title="Gol – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Көл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%93%D1%80" title="Йӓр – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Йӓр" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech" title="Lech – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lech" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacus" title="Lacus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lacus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezers" title="Ezers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ezers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9i" title="Séi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Séi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%BEeras" title="Ežeras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ežeras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%ADm%C3%A1" title="Etímá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etímá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rvi" title="Järvi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Järvi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lalxu" title="lalxu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lalxu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagh" title="Lagh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lagh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3" title="Tó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Езеро – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Езеро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farihy" title="Farihy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Farihy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="തടാകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തടാകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="सरोवर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सरोवर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ტობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بحيره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحيره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%86%D9%87" title="دریوچه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دریوچه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik" title="Tasik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tasik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau" title="Danau – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Danau" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B9" title="Hù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhago" title="Lhago – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhago" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Эрьхке – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эрьхке" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нуур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ရေကန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေကန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drano" title="Drano – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Drano" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer_(watervlakte)" title="Meer (watervlakte) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meer (watervlakte)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer" title="Meer – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Meer" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="ताल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ताल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96" title="湖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="湖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laco" title="Laco – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Laco" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ӏам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sia_(banlun)" title="Sia (banlun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sia (banlun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsj%C3%B8" title="Innsjø – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Innsjø" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsj%C3%B8" title="Innsjø – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Innsjø" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare" title="Mare – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mare" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estanh" title="Estanh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estanh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80" title="Ер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara" title="Hara – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hara" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBl" title="Koʻl – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2" title="ਝੀਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਝੀਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanaway" title="Fanaway – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Fanaway" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جھیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جھیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ထီနောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ထီနောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_(kurpa_di_awa)" title="Lago (kurpa di awa) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lago (kurpa di awa)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84" title="جهيل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جهيل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84%E2%80%8B" title="បឹង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បឹង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/See_(Binnenland)" title="See (Binnenland) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="See (Binnenland)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezioro" title="Jezioro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jezioro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago" title="Lago – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lago" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3l" title="Kól – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kól" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac" title="Lac – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai" title="Lai – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lai" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qucha" title="Qucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Озеро – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Озеро" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Озеро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Озеро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Күөл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күөл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch" title="Loch – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Loch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liqeni" title="Liqeni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Liqeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacu" title="Lacu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lacu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="විල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake" title="Lake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8D%D9%86%DA%8D" title="ڍنڍ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڍنڍ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazero" title="Jazero – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jazero" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jezero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%95" title="دەریاچە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریاچە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Језеро – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језеро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jezero" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situ" title="Situ – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Situ" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large inland body of relatively still water</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lakes" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lake_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lake (disambiguation)">Lake (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lakes (disambiguation)">Lakes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg/330px-Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg/495px-Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg/660px-Gentau_Pic_du_Midi_Ossau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4154" data-file-height="2717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lac_Gentau" title="Lac Gentau">Lac Gentau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ossau_Valley" title="Ossau Valley">Ossau Valley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_(8741875060).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg/330px-Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg/495px-Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg/660px-Ludington_Lighthouse_hit_by_a_wave_%288741875060%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> during a storm near the <a href="/wiki/Ludington_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludington Lighthouse">Ludington Lighthouse</a></figcaption></figure> A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">body of water</a> on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">basin</a> or interconnected basins surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Dry_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry land">dry land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>, although they may be connected with the ocean by <a href="/wiki/Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers">rivers</a>. Lakes, as with other bodies of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, are part of the <a href="/wiki/Water_cycle" title="Water cycle">water cycle</a>, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lakes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Salinities" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinities">salinities</a> even higher than that of <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water. Lakes are typically larger and deeper than <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">ponds</a>, which are also water-filled basins on land, although there are no official definitions or scientific criteria distinguishing the two.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Lakes are also distinct from <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoons</a>, which are generally shallow <a href="/wiki/Tidal_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidal pool">tidal pools</a> dammed by <a href="/wiki/Sandbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandbar">sandbars</a> or other material at <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> regions of oceans or large lakes. Most lakes are fed by <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">springs</a>, and both fed and drained by <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">creeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>, but some lakes are <a href="/wiki/Endorheic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endorheic">endorheic</a> without any outflow, while <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic lake">volcanic lakes</a> are filled directly by <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">runoffs</a> and do not have any inflow streams.<a href="#cite_note-fenh-3">[3]</a> Natural lakes are generally found in <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountainous</a> areas (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Alpine_lake" title="Alpine lake">alpine lakes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dormant_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormant volcano">dormant</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">volcanic craters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rift_zone" title="Rift zone">rift zones</a> and areas with ongoing <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciation</a>. Other lakes are found in <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">depressed landforms</a> or along the courses of mature rivers, where a river channel has widened over a basin formed by eroded <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a>. Some lakes are found in caverns <a href="/wiki/Underground_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground lake">underground</a>. Some parts of the world have many lakes formed by the chaotic drainage patterns left over from the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last ice age</a>. All lakes are temporary over <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">long periods of time</a>, as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them. <a href="/wiki/Controlled_lake" title="Controlled lake">Artificially controlled lakes</a> are known as <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoirs</a>, and are usually constructed for industrial or agricultural use, for <a href="/wiki/Hydro-electric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro-electric power">hydroelectric power</a> generation, for supplying domestic <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>, for ecological or recreational purposes, or for other human activities. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology,_meaning,_and_usage_of_"lake"">Etymology, meaning, and usage of "lake"</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg/330px-Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg/495px-Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg/660px-Italy_-_Sirmione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4895" data-file-height="3666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sirmione" title="Sirmione">Sirmione</a>, on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Lake Garda</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> The word lake comes from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> lake ('lake, pond, waterway'), from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> lacu ('pond, pool, stream'), from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> *lakō ('pond, ditch, slow moving stream'), from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root *leǵ- ('to leak, drain'). Cognates include <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> laak ('lake, pond, ditch'), <a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle Low German</a> lāke ('water pooled in a riverbed, puddle') as in: <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfslake" class="extiw" title="de:Wolfslake">de:Wolfslake</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterlake" class="extiw" title="de:Butterlake">de:Butterlake</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> Lache ('pool, puddle'), and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> lækur ('slow flowing stream'). Also related are the English words leak and leach. There is considerable uncertainty about defining the difference between lakes and <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">ponds</a>, and neither term has an internationally accepted definition across scientific disciplines or political boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-HeinonenZiglio2008-4">[4]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Limnologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Limnologist">limnologists</a> have defined lakes as water bodies that are simply a larger version of a pond, which can have wave action on the shoreline or where wind-induced turbulence plays a major role in mixing the water column. None of these definitions completely excludes ponds and all are difficult to measure. For this reason, simple size-based definitions are increasingly used to separate ponds and lakes. Definitions for lake range in minimum sizes for a body of water from 2 hectares (5 acres)<a href="#cite_note-BiologicalConservation1-5">[5]</a>: 331 <a href="#cite_note-BiologicalReviews1-6">[6]</a> to 8 hectares (20 acres).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Pioneering animal ecologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sutherland_Elton" title="Charles Sutherland Elton">Charles Elton</a> regarded lakes as waterbodies of 40 hectares (99 acres) or more.<a href="#cite_note-JournalOfEcology1-8">[8]</a> The term lake is also used to describe a feature such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre" title="Lake Eyre">Lake Eyre</a>, which is a dry basin most of the time but may become filled under seasonal conditions of heavy rainfall. In common usage, many lakes bear names ending with the word pond, and a lesser number of names ending with lake are, in quasi-technical fact, ponds. One textbook illustrates this point with the following: "In Newfoundland, for example, almost every lake is called a pond, whereas in Wisconsin, almost every pond is called a lake."<a href="#cite_note-Cech2009-9">[9]</a> One <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrology</a> book proposes to define the term "lake" as a body of water with the following five characteristics:<a href="#cite_note-HeinonenZiglio2008-4">[4]</a> <ol><li>It partially or totally fills one or several basins connected by <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">straits</a>;</li> <li>It has essentially the same water level in all parts (except for relatively short-lived variations caused by wind, varying ice cover, large inflows, etc.);</li> <li>It does not have regular intrusion of <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>;</li> <li>A considerable portion of the <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> suspended in the water is captured by the basins (for this to happen they need to have a sufficiently small inflow-to-volume ratio);</li> <li>The area measured at the mean water level exceeds an arbitrarily chosen threshold (for instance, one <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a>).</li></ol> With the exception of criterion 3, the others have been accepted or elaborated upon by other hydrology publications.<a href="#cite_note-Shahin2002-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Copernicus2004-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_(bathymetry)_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg/220px-Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg/330px-Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg/440px-Eyre_lake_map_of_the_shape_and_depth_%28bathymetry%29_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre" title="Lake Eyre">Lake Eyre</a>'s shape and depth as a gradient map</figcaption></figure> The majority of lakes on Earth are <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">freshwater</a>, and most lie in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> at higher <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitudes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_system_(geomorphology)#Deranged_drainage_pattern" title="Drainage system (geomorphology)">deranged drainage system</a>, has an estimated 31,752 lakes larger than 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi) in surface area.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The total number of lakes in Canada is unknown but is estimated to be at least 2 million.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> has 168,000 lakes of 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft) in area, or larger, of which 57,000 are large (10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft) or larger).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Most lakes have at least one natural outflow in the form of a <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">river</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">stream</a>, which maintain a lake's average level by allowing the drainage of excess water.<a href="#cite_note-fenh-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Some lakes do not have a natural outflow and lose water solely by evaporation or underground seepage, or both. These are termed <a href="/wiki/Endorheic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endorheic">endorheic</a> lakes. Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for <a href="/wiki/Hydro-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro-electric">hydroelectric</a> power generation, aesthetic purposes, <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreational</a> purposes, industrial use, <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> use, or domestic <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>. The number of lakes on Earth is undetermined because most lakes and ponds are very small and do not appear on maps or <a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">satellite imagery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DowningPrairie2006-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Despite this uncertainty, a large number of studies agree that small ponds are much more abundant than large lakes. For example, one widely cited study estimated that Earth has 304 million lakes and ponds, and that 91% of these are 1 hectare (2.5 acres) or less in area.<a href="#cite_note-DowningPrairie2006-17">[17]</a> Despite the overwhelming abundance of ponds, almost all of Earth's lake water is found in fewer than 100 large lakes; this is because lake volume <a href="/wiki/Power_law" title="Power law">scales</a> superlinearly with lake area.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Extraterrestrial lakes exist on the moon <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, which orbits the planet <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The shape of lakes on Titan is very similar to those on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Lakes were formerly present on the surface of Mars, but are now <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry lake bed">dry lake beds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> In 1957, <a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a> published a monograph titled A Treatise on Limnology,<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a> which is regarded as a landmark discussion and classification of all major lake types, their origin, morphometric characteristics, and distribution.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Hutchinson presented in his publication a comprehensive analysis of the origin of lakes and proposed what is a widely accepted classification of lakes according to their origin. This classification recognizes 11 major lake types that are divided into 76 subtypes. The 11 major lake types are:<a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>tectonic lakes</li> <li>volcanic lakes</li> <li>glacial lakes</li> <li>fluvial lakes</li> <li>solution lakes</li> <li>landslide lakes</li> <li>aeolian lakes</li> <li>shoreline lakes</li> <li>organic lakes</li> <li>anthropogenic lakes</li> <li>meteorite (extraterrestrial impact) lakes</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tectonic_lakes">Tectonic lakes</h3></div> Tectonic lakes are lakes formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of the Earth's crust. These movements include faulting, tilting, folding, and warping. Some of the largest lakes on Earth are <a href="/wiki/Rift_lake" title="Rift lake">rift lakes</a> occupying rift valleys, e.g. Central African Rift lakes and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>. Other well-known tectonic lakes, <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Aral" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea of Aral">Sea of Aral</a>, and other lakes from the Pontocaspian occupy basins that have been separated from the sea by the tectonic uplift of the sea floor above the ocean level.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Often, the tectonic action of crustal extension has created an alternating series of parallel <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">grabens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">horsts</a> that form elongate basins alternating with mountain ranges. Not only does this promote the creation of lakes by the disruption of preexisting drainage networks, it also creates within arid regions <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">endorheic basins</a> that contain <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt lake (geography)">salt lakes</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Saline_water" title="Saline water">saline</a> lakes). They form where there is no natural outlet, a high evaporation rate and the drainage surface of the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> has a higher-than-normal <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> content. Examples of these salt lakes include <a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>. Another type of tectonic lake caused by faulting is <a href="/wiki/Sag_pond" title="Sag pond">sag ponds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volcanic_lakes">Volcanic lakes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunung_rinjani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_rinjani.jpg/220px-Gunung_rinjani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_rinjani.jpg/330px-Gunung_rinjani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_rinjani.jpg/440px-Gunung_rinjani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>The crater lake of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rinjani" title="Mount Rinjani">Mount Rinjani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Volcanogenic_lake" title="Volcanogenic lake">Volcanogenic lake</a></div> Volcanic lakes are lakes that occupy either local depressions, e.g. craters and <a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">maars</a>, or larger basins, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Calderas" class="mw-redirect" title="Calderas">calderas</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Crater lakes</a> are formed in <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">volcanic craters</a> and calderas, which fill up with precipitation more rapidly than they empty via either evaporation, groundwater discharge, or a combination of both. Sometimes the latter are called caldera lakes, although often no distinction is made. An example is <a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake" title="Crater Lake">Crater Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, in the caldera of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Mazama" title="Mount Mazama">Mount Mazama</a>. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption that led to the <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a> of Mount Mazama around 4860 BCE. Other volcanic lakes are created when either rivers or streams are dammed by <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">lava flows</a> or volcanic <a href="/wiki/Lahar" title="Lahar">lahars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> The basin which is now <a href="/wiki/Malheur_Lake" title="Malheur Lake">Malheur Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> was created when a lava flow dammed the <a href="/wiki/Malheur_River" title="Malheur River">Malheur River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1985_lake_atlas-31">[31]</a> Among all lake types, volcanic crater lakes most closely approximate a circular shape.<a href="#cite_note-fenh-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glacial_lakes">Glacial lakes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Kaniere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lake_Kaniere.jpg/220px-Lake_Kaniere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lake_Kaniere.jpg/330px-Lake_Kaniere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lake_Kaniere.jpg/440px-Lake_Kaniere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="1591" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kaniere" title="Lake Kaniere">Lake Kaniere</a> is a glacial lake in the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a> region of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake" title="Glacial lake">Glacial lake</a></div> Glacial lakes are lakes created by the direct action of glaciers and continental ice sheets. A wide variety of glacial processes create enclosed basins. As a result, there are a wide variety of different types of glacial lakes and it is often difficult to define clear-cut distinctions between different types of glacial lakes and lakes influenced by other activities. The general types of glacial lakes that have been recognized are lakes in direct contact with ice, glacially carved rock basins and depressions, morainic and outwash lakes, and glacial drift basins. Glacial lakes are the most numerous lakes in the world. Most lakes in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern Europe</a> and North America have been either influenced or created by the latest, but not last, glaciation, to have covered the region.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Glacial lakes include <a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">proglacial lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subglacial_lake" title="Subglacial lake">subglacial lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finger_lake" title="Finger lake">finger lakes</a>, and epishelf lakes. Epishelf lakes are highly <a href="/wiki/Lake_stratification" title="Lake stratification">stratified</a> lakes in which a layer of freshwater, derived from ice and snow melt, is dammed behind an <a href="/wiki/Ice_shelf" title="Ice shelf">ice shelf</a> that is attached to the coastline. They are mostly found in Antarctica.<a href="#cite_note-VeilletteOthers2008a-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluvial_lakes">Fluvial lakes</h3></div> Fluvial (or riverine)<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a> lakes are lakes produced by running water. These lakes include <a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">plunge pool lakes</a>, fluviatile dams and meander lakes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oxbow_lakes">Oxbow lakes</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowitna_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nowitna_river.jpg/220px-Nowitna_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nowitna_river.jpg/330px-Nowitna_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nowitna_river.jpg/440px-Nowitna_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nowitna_River" title="Nowitna River">Nowitna River</a> in Alaska. Two oxbow lakes – a short one at the bottom of the picture and a longer, more curved one at the middle-right.</figcaption></figure> The most common type of fluvial lake is a crescent-shaped lake called an <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lake</a> due to the distinctive curved shape. They can form in river valleys as a result of meandering. The slow-moving river forms a sinuous shape as the outer side of bends are eroded away more rapidly than the inner side. Eventually a horseshoe bend is formed and the river cuts through the narrow neck. This new passage then forms the main passage for the river and the ends of the bend become silted up, thus forming a bow-shaped lake.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Their crescent shape gives oxbow lakes a higher perimeter to area ratio than other lake types.<a href="#cite_note-fenh-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fluviatile_dams">Fluviatile dams</h4></div> These form where sediment from a tributary blocks the main river.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lateral_lakes">Lateral lakes</h4></div> These form where sediment from the main river blocks a tributary, usually in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Levee#Natural_examples" title="Levee">levee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Floodplain_lakes">Floodplain lakes</h4></div> Lakes formed by other processes responsible for <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a> basin creation. During high floods they are flushed with river water. There are four types: 1. Confluent floodplain lake, 2. Contrafluent-confluent floodplain lake, 3. Contrafluent floodplain lake, 4. Profundal floodplain lake.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solution_lakes">Solution lakes</h3></div> A solution lake is a lake occupying a basin formed by surface dissolution of bedrock. In areas underlain by soluble bedrock, its solution by precipitation and percolating water commonly produce cavities. These cavities frequently collapse to form <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkholes</a> that form part of the local <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">karst topography</a>. Where <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> lies near the grounds surface, a sinkhole will be filled water as a solution lake.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a> If such a lake consists of a large area of standing water that occupies an extensive closed depression in limestone, it is also called a <a href="/wiki/Karst_lake" title="Karst lake">karst lake</a>. Smaller solution lakes that consist of a body of standing water in a closed depression within a karst region are known as karst ponds.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a> Limestone caves often contain pools of standing water, which are known as <a href="/wiki/Underground_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground lake">underground lakes</a>. Classic examples of solution lakes are abundant in the karst regions at the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and within large parts of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landslide_lakes">Landslide lakes</h3></div> A landslide lake is created by the <a href="/wiki/Landslide_dam" title="Landslide dam">blockage</a> of a <a href="/wiki/River_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="River valley">river valley</a> by either <a href="/wiki/Mudflow" title="Mudflow">mudflows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockslide" title="Rockslide">rockslides</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">screes</a>. Such lakes are most common in mountainous regions. Although landslide lakes may be large and quite deep, they are typically short-lived.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> An example of a landslide lake is <a href="/wiki/Quake_Lake" title="Quake Lake">Quake Lake</a>, which formed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/1959_Hebgen_Lake_earthquake" title="1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake">1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MyersOthers1964a-37">[37]</a> Most landslide lakes disappear in the first few months after formation, but a landslide dam can burst suddenly at a later stage and threaten the population downstream when the lake water drains out. In 1911, an earthquake triggered a landslide that blocked a deep valley in the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, forming the <a href="/wiki/Sarez_Lake" title="Sarez Lake">Sarez Lake</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Usoi_Dam" title="Usoi Dam">Usoi Dam</a> at the base of the valley has remained in place for more than 100 years but the terrain below the lake is in danger of a catastrophic flood if the dam were to fail during a future earthquake.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tal-y-llyn_Lake" title="Tal-y-llyn Lake">Tal-y-llyn Lake</a> in north <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> is a landslide lake dating back to the last glaciation in Wales some 20000 years ago. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aeolian_lakes">Aeolian lakes</h3></div> Aeolian lakes are produced by <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">wind action</a>. These lakes are found mainly in <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> environments, although some aeolian lakes are <a href="/wiki/Relict_(geology)" title="Relict (geology)">relict</a> landforms indicative of arid <a href="/wiki/Paleoclimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoclimate">paleoclimates</a>. Aeolian lakes consist of lake basins dammed by wind-blown sand; interdunal lakes that lie between well-oriented <a href="/wiki/Sand_dune" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand dune">sand dunes</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Blowout_(geomorphology)" title="Blowout (geomorphology)">deflation basins</a> formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. <a href="/wiki/Moses_Lake" title="Moses Lake">Moses Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, United States, was originally a shallow natural lake and an example of a lake basin dammed by wind-blown sand.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> China's <a href="/wiki/Badain_Jaran_Desert" title="Badain Jaran Desert">Badain Jaran Desert</a> is a unique landscape of megadunes and elongated interdunal aeolian lakes, particularly concentrated in the southeastern margin of the desert.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoreline_lakes">Shoreline lakes</h3></div> Shoreline lakes are generally lakes created by blockage of estuaries or by the uneven accretion of beach ridges by longshore and other currents. They include maritime coastal lakes, ordinarily in drowned estuaries; lakes enclosed by two tombolos or spits connecting an island to the mainland; lakes cut off from larger lakes by a bar; or lakes divided by the meeting of two spits.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_lakes">Organic lakes</h3></div> Organic lakes are lakes created by the actions of plants and animals. On the whole they are relatively rare in occurrence and quite small in size. In addition, they typically have ephemeral features relative to the other types of lakes. The basins in which organic lakes occur are associated with beaver dams, coral lakes, or dams formed by vegetation.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peat_lakes">Peat lakes</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a> lakes are a form of organic lake. They form where a buildup of partly decomposed plant material in a wet environment leaves the vegetated surface below the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> for a sustained period of time. They are often low in nutrients and mildly acidic, with bottom waters low in dissolved oxygen.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_lakes">Artificial lakes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_storage" title="Water storage">water storage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">retention basin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg/290px-Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg/435px-Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Lausitzer_Seenland_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lusatian_Lake_District" title="Lusatian Lake District">Lusatian Lake District</a>, Germany, Europe's largest artificial lake district.</figcaption></figure> Artificial lakes or anthropogenic lakes are large waterbodies created by <a href="/wiki/Human_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Human activity">human activity</a>. They can be formed by the intentional <a href="/wiki/Damming" class="mw-redirect" title="Damming">damming</a> of rivers and streams, rerouting of water to inundate a previously dry <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">basin</a>, or the deliberate filling of abandoned <a href="/wiki/Open-pit_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-pit mine">excavation pits</a> by either <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">runoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ground_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground water">ground water</a>, or a combination of both.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Artificial lakes may be used as <a href="/wiki/Storage_reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage reservoir">storage reservoirs</a> that provide <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> for nearby <a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">settlements</a>, to generate <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Flood_management" title="Flood management">flood management</a>, for supplying <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, or to provide an aquatic <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuary">sanctuary</a> for <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Poland">southern Poland</a> contains an anthropogenic lake district consisting of more than 4,000 water bodies created by human activity. The diverse origins of these lakes include: reservoirs retained by dams, flooded mines, water bodies formed in subsidence basins and hollows, <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a> ponds, and residual water bodies following river regulation.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Same for the Lusatian Lake District, Germany. In India, <a href="/wiki/Sudarshana_Lake" title="Sudarshana Lake">Sudarshana Lake</a> is a historical artificial lake located in the semi-arid region of Girnar, Gujarat, originally constructed during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_artificial_lakes_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable artificial lakes in the United States">List of notable artificial lakes in the United States</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meteorite_(extraterrestrial_impact)_lakes">Meteorite (extraterrestrial impact) lakes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater_lake" title="Impact crater lake">Impact crater lake</a></div> Meteorite lakes, also known as crater lakes (not to be confused with <a href="#Volcanic_lakes">volcanic crater lakes</a>), are created by catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impacts</a> with the Earth by extraterrestrial objects (either <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a> or <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson1957a-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Håkanson2012a-30">[30]</a> Examples of meteorite lakes are <a href="/wiki/Lonar_Lake" title="Lonar Lake">Lonar Lake</a> in India,<a href="#cite_note-MaloofOther2010a-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_El%27gygytgyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake El'gygytgyn">Lake El'gygytgyn</a> in northeast Siberia,<a href="#cite_note-WennrichOthers2016a-44">[44]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pingualuit_crater" title="Pingualuit crater">Pingualuit crater</a> lake in Quebec, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-DesiageOthers2015a-45">[45]</a> As in the cases of El'gygytgyn and Pingualuit, meteorite lakes can contain unique and scientifically valuable sedimentary deposits associated with long records of paleoclimatic changes.<a href="#cite_note-WennrichOthers2016a-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-DesiageOthers2015a-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_classification_methods">Other classification methods</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakesalaskarange.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lakesalaskarange.JPG/220px-Lakesalaskarange.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lakesalaskarange.JPG/330px-Lakesalaskarange.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lakesalaskarange.JPG/440px-Lakesalaskarange.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>These <a href="/wiki/Kettle_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettle lake">kettle lakes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> were formed by a retreating glacier.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg/220px-Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg/330px-Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg/440px-Ice_Melting_on_Lake_Balaton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Ice melting on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a> in Hungary</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Bellagio_dal_traghetto_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bellagio,_Lombardy" title="Bellagio, Lombardy">Bellagio</a>, on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> In addition to the mode of origin, lakes have been named and classified according to various other important factors such as <a href="/wiki/Thermal_stratification" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal stratification">thermal stratification</a>, oxygen saturation, seasonal variations in lake volume and water level, <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> of the water mass, relative seasonal permanence, degree of outflow, and so on. The names used by the lay public and in the scientific community for different types of lakes are often informally derived from the morphology of the lakes' physical characteristics or other factors. Also, different cultures and regions of the world have their own popular nomenclature. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_thermal_stratification">By thermal stratification</h3></div> One important method of lake classification is on the basis of thermal stratification, which has a major influence on the animal and plant life inhabiting a lake, and the fate and distribution of dissolved and suspended material in the lake. For example, the thermal stratification, as well as the degree and frequency of mixing, has a strong control over the distribution of oxygen within the lake. Professor <a href="/wiki/F.-A._Forel" class="mw-redirect" title="F.-A. Forel">F.-A. Forel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Forel1901a-46">[46]</a> also referred to as the "Father of limnology", was the first scientist to classify lakes according to their thermal stratification.<a href="#cite_note-Loffler1957a-47">[47]</a> His system of classification was later modified and improved upon by <a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a> and Löffler.<a href="#cite_note-HutchinsonOther1956a-48">[48]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of water varies with temperature, with a maximum at +4 degrees Celsius, thermal stratification is an important physical characteristic of a lake that controls the <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, sedimentation, chemistry, and other aspects of individual lakes. First, the colder, denser water typically forms a layer near the bottom, which is called the <a href="/wiki/Hypolimnion" title="Hypolimnion">hypolimnion</a>. Second, normally overlying the hypolimnion is a transition zone known as the <a href="/wiki/Metalimnion" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalimnion">metalimnion</a>. Finally, overlying the metalimnion is a surface layer of warmer water with a lower density, called the <a href="/wiki/Epilimnion" title="Epilimnion">epilimnion</a>. This typical stratification sequence can vary widely, depending on the specific lake or the time of year, or a combination of both.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Loffler1957a-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-HutchinsonOther1956a-48">[48]</a> The classification of lakes by thermal stratification presupposes lakes with sufficient depth to form a hypolimnion; accordingly, very shallow lakes are excluded from this classification system.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-HutchinsonOther1956a-48">[48]</a> Based upon their thermal stratification, lakes are classified as either <a href="/wiki/Holomictic_lake" title="Holomictic lake">holomictic</a>, with a uniform temperature and density from top to bottom at a given time of year, or <a href="/wiki/Meromictic_lake" title="Meromictic lake">meromictic</a>, with layers of water of different temperature and density that do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in a meromictic lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen so there are no living <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_organism" title="Aerobic organism">aerobic organisms</a>. Consequently, the layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed, which allows for the development of <a href="/wiki/Lacustrine_deposits" title="Lacustrine deposits">lacustrine deposits</a>. In a holomictic lake, the uniformity of temperature and density allows the lake waters to completely mix. Based upon thermal stratification and frequency of turnover, holomictic lakes are divided into <a href="/wiki/Amictic_lake" title="Amictic lake">amictic lakes</a>, cold <a href="/wiki/Monomictic_lake" title="Monomictic lake">monomictic lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimictic_lake" title="Dimictic lake">dimictic lakes</a>, warm monomictic lakes, <a href="/wiki/Polymictic_lake" title="Polymictic lake">polymictic lakes</a>, and oligomictic lakes.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-HutchinsonOther1956a-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_stratification" title="Lake stratification">Lake stratification</a> does not always result from a variation in density because of thermal gradients. Stratification can also result from a density variation caused by gradients in salinity. In this case, the hypolimnion and epilimnion are separated not by a thermocline but by a <a href="/wiki/Halocline" title="Halocline">halocline</a>, which is sometimes referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Chemocline" title="Chemocline">chemocline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HåkansonOthers1983a-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-HutchinsonOther1956a-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_seasonal_variations_in_water_level_and_volume">By seasonal variations in water level and volume</h3></div> Lakes are informally classified and named according to the seasonal variation in their lake level and volume. Some of the names include: <ul><li>Ephemeral lake is a short-lived lake or pond.<a href="#cite_note-Gangstad1979a-49">[49]</a> If it fills with water and dries up (disappears) seasonally it is known as an intermittent lake<a href="#cite_note-Poehls2009a-50">[50]</a> They often fill <a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">poljes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a> is a popular name for an ephemeral lake that contains water only intermediately at irregular and infrequent intervals.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LastOthers2001a-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Perennial lake is a lake that has water in its basin throughout the year and is not subject to extreme fluctuations in level.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gangstad1979a-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Playa lake is a typically shallow, intermittent lake that covers or occupies a playa either in wet seasons or in especially wet years but subsequently drying up in an arid or semiarid region.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LastOthers2001a-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlei" title="Vlei">Vlei</a> is a name used in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> for a shallow lake which varies considerably in level with the seasons.<a href="#cite_note-theal1877a-53">[53]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_water_chemistry">By water chemistry</h3></div> Lakes may be informally classified and named according to the general chemistry of their water mass. Using this classification method, the lake types include: <ul><li>An acid lake contains water with a below-neutral <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of less than 6.5. A lake is considered to be highly acidic if its pH drops below 5.5, leading to biological consequences. Such lakes include: acidic pit lakes occupying abandoned mines and excavations; naturally acidic lakes of <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic</a> landscapes; <a href="/wiki/Raised_bog" title="Raised bog">peat bogs</a> in northern regions; crater lakes of active and dormant volcanoes; and lakes acidified by <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GellerOthers2013a-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-PatrickOthers1981a-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-RouwetOthers2015a-56">[56]</a></li> <li>A salt lake, also known as a saline lake or brine lake, is an inland body of water situated in an arid or semiarid region, with no outlet to the sea, containing a high concentration of dissolved neutral salts (principally <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>). Examples include the Great Salt Lake in Utah, and the Dead Sea in southwestern Asia.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LastOthers2001a-52">[52]</a></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Alkali_sink" title="Alkali sink">alkali sink</a>, also known as an alkali flat or salt flat, is a shallow saline feature that can be found in low-lying areas of arid regions and in groundwater discharge zones. These features are typically classified as dry lakes, or playas, because they are periodically flooded by rain or flood events and then dry up during drier intervals, leaving accumulations of brines and evaporitic minerals.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LastOthers2001a-52">[52]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">salt pan</a> is a small shallow natural depression in which water accumulates and evaporates, leaving a salt deposit, or the shallow lake of <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> that occupies a salt pan. (The term "salt pan" comes from <a href="/wiki/Open-pan_salt_making" title="Open-pan salt making">open-pan salt making</a>, a method of extracting salt from brine using large open pans.)<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a></li> <li>A saline pan is another name for an <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral_acid_saline_lake" title="Ephemeral acid saline lake">ephemeral acid saline lake</a> which precipitates a bottom crust that is subsequently modified during subaerial exposure.<a href="#cite_note-Jackso1983a-36">[36]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composed_of_other_liquids">Composed of other liquids</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">Lava lake</a> is a large volume of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.<a href="#cite_note-WithamOthers2006a-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan" title="Lakes of Titan">Hydrocarbon lakes</a> are bodies of liquid <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> that occupy depressions on the surface of <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>. They were detected by the Cassini–Huygens space probe.<a href="#cite_note-MastrogiuseppeOthers2014a-58">[58]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleolakes">Paleolakes</h2></div> A paleolake (also palaeolake) is a lake that existed in the past when hydrological conditions were different.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> paleolakes can often be identified on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Relict_(geology)" title="Relict (geology)">relict</a> lacustrine landforms, such as relict lake plains and coastal landforms that form recognizable relict shorelines called <a href="/wiki/Paleoshorelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoshorelines">paleoshorelines</a>. Paleolakes can also be recognized by characteristic <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary">sedimentary</a> deposits that accumulated in them and any <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> that might be contained in these sediments. The paleoshorelines and sedimentary deposits of paleolakes provide evidence for prehistoric hydrological changes during the times that they existed.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen2003a-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goudie2008a-59">[59]</a> There are two types of paleolake: <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Category:Former_lakes" title="Category:Former lakes">former lake</a> is a paleolake that no longer exists. Such lakes include <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> lakes and those that have permanently dried up, often as the result of either <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a> or human intervention. An example of a former lake is <a href="/wiki/Owens_Lake" title="Owens Lake">Owens Lake</a> in California, United States. Former lakes are a common feature of the <a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province" title="Basin and Range Province">Basin and Range</a> area of southwestern North America.<a href="#cite_note-Manivanan2008a-60">[60]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Shrunken_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrunken lake">shrunken lake</a> is a paleolake that still exists but has considerably decreased in size over geological time. An example of a shrunken lake is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Lake Agassiz</a>, which once covered much of central North America. Two notable remnants of Lake Agassiz are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipeg" title="Lake Winnipeg">Lake Winnipeg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipegosis" title="Lake Winnipegosis">Lake Winnipegosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Manivanan2008a-60">[60]</a></li></ul> Paleolakes are of scientific and economic importance. For example, Quaternary paleolakes in semidesert basins are important for two reasons: they played an extremely significant, if transient, role in shaping the floors and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont (geography)">piedmonts</a> of many basins; and their sediments contain enormous quantities of geologic and <a href="/wiki/Paleontologic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologic">paleontologic</a> information concerning past environments.<a href="#cite_note-Currey1990a-61">[61]</a> In addition, the organic-rich deposits of pre-Quaternary paleolakes are important either for the thick deposits of <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> contained in them, or as source rocks of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. Although of significantly less economic importance, strata deposited along the shore of paleolakes sometimes contain <a href="/wiki/Coal_seam" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal seam">coal seams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gierlowski-KordeschOthers2000a-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-SchnurrenbergerOthers2003a-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lake" title="Special:EditPage/Lake">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg/220px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg/330px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg/440px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Lakes can have significant cultural importance. The <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> has inspired romantic poets throughout the ages, and has been an important influence on garden designs in China, Japan and Korea.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg/220px-Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg/330px-Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg/440px-Lake_mapourika_NZ.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mapourika" title="Lake Mapourika">Lake Mapourika</a>, New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg/220px-%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg/330px-%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg/440px-%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%BA%9D-%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E6%B5%B7_Jiuzhaigou_Five_Flower_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Five Flower Lake in <a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></figcaption></figure> Lakes have numerous features in addition to lake type, such as <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> (also known as catchment area), inflow and outflow, <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrient</a> content, <a href="/wiki/Dissolved_oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolved oxygen">dissolved oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">pollutants</a>, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sedimentation</a>. Changes in the level of a lake are controlled by the difference between the input and output compared to the total volume of the lake. Significant input sources are precipitation onto the lake, runoff carried by streams and channels from the lake's <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> channels and aquifers, and artificial sources from outside the catchment area. Output sources are evaporation from the lake, surface and groundwater flows, and any extraction of lake water by humans. As climate conditions and human water requirements vary, these will create fluctuations in the lake level. Lakes can be also <a href="/wiki/Trophic_state_index" title="Trophic state index">categorized</a> on the basis of their richness in nutrients, which typically affect plant growth. Nutrient-poor lakes are said to be <a href="/wiki/Oligotroph" title="Oligotroph">oligotrophic</a> and are generally clear, having a low concentration of plant life. <a href="/wiki/Mesotrophic_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesotrophic lake">Mesotrophic lakes</a> have good clarity and an average level of nutrients. <a href="/wiki/Eutrophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutrophic">Eutrophic</a> lakes are enriched with nutrients, resulting in good plant growth and possible <a href="/wiki/Algal_blooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Algal blooms">algal blooms</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">Hypertrophic</a> lakes are bodies of water that have been excessively enriched with nutrients. These lakes typically have poor clarity and are subject to devastating algal blooms. Lakes typically reach this condition due to human activities, such as heavy use of fertilizers in the lake catchment area. Such lakes are of little use to humans and have a poor <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> due to decreased dissolved oxygen. Due to the unusual relationship between water's <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a>, lakes form layers called <a href="/wiki/Thermocline" title="Thermocline">thermoclines</a>, layers of drastically varying temperature relative to depth. Fresh water is most dense at about 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 °F) at sea level. When the temperature of the water at the surface of a lake reaches the same temperature as deeper water, as it does during the cooler months in <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climates, the water in the lake can mix, bringing oxygen-starved water up from the depths and bringing oxygen down to decomposing sediments. Deep temperate lakes can maintain a reservoir of cold water year-round, which allows some cities to tap that reservoir for <a href="/wiki/Deep_lake_water_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep lake water cooling">deep lake water cooling</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaylyu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yaylyu.JPG/220px-Yaylyu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yaylyu.JPG/330px-Yaylyu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yaylyu.JPG/440px-Yaylyu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Teletskoye" title="Lake Teletskoye">Lake Teletskoye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></figcaption></figure> Since the surface water of deep <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> lakes never reaches the temperature of maximum density, there is no process that makes the water mix. The deeper layer becomes oxygen starved and can become saturated with carbon dioxide, or other gases such as <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> if there is even a trace of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic activity</a>. Exceptional events, such as earthquakes or landslides, can cause mixing which rapidly brings the deep layers up to the surface and release a vast cloud of gas which lay trapped in solution in the colder water at the bottom of the lake. This is called a <a href="/wiki/Limnic_eruption" title="Limnic eruption">limnic eruption</a>. An example is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nyos#The_1986_disaster" title="Lake Nyos">the disaster at Lake Nyos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>. The amount of gas that can be dissolved in water is directly related to pressure. As deep water surfaces, the pressure drops and a vast amount of gas comes out of solution. Under these circumstances carbon dioxide is hazardous because it is heavier than air and displaces it, so it may flow down a river valley to human settlements and cause mass <a href="/wiki/Asphyxiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asphyxiation">asphyxiation</a>. The material at the bottom of a lake, or lake bed, may be composed of a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Inorganic" class="mw-redirect" title="Inorganic">inorganics</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Organic_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic material">organic material</a>, such as decaying plant or animal matter. The composition of the lake bed has a significant impact on the flora and fauna found within the lake's environs by contributing to the amounts and the types of nutrients available. A paired (black and white) layer of the varved lake sediments correspond to a year. During winter, when organisms die, carbon is deposited down, resulting to a black layer. At the same year, during summer, only few organic materials are deposited, resulting to a white layer at the lake bed. These are commonly used to track past paleontological events. Natural lakes provide a <a href="/wiki/Macrocosm_and_microcosm" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocosm and microcosm">microcosm</a> of living and nonliving elements that are relatively independent of their surrounding environments. Therefore, lake organisms can often be studied in isolation from the lake's surroundings.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limnology">Limnology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Limnology" title="Limnology">Limnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_ecosystem" title="Lake ecosystem">Lake ecosystem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_aeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake aeration">Lake aeration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG/220px-Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG/330px-Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG/440px-Lura_Liqeni_i_Lul%C3%ABve.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lura_Lakes" title="Lura Lakes">Lura Lakes</a> are the glacial lakes of the <a href="/wiki/Lur%C3%AB_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lurë National Park">Lurë Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Limnology" title="Limnology">Limnology</a> is the study of inland bodies of water and related ecosystems. Limnology divides lakes into three zones: the <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral zone</a>, a sloped area close to land; the <a href="/wiki/Photic_zone" title="Photic zone">photic</a> or open-water zone, where sunlight is abundant; and the deep-water <a href="/wiki/Profundal_zone" title="Profundal zone">profundal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">benthic zone</a>, where little sunlight can reach. The depth to which light can penetrate depends on the <a href="/wiki/Turbidity" title="Turbidity">turbidity</a> of the water, which is determined by the density and size of suspended <a href="/wiki/Particle_(ecology)" title="Particle (ecology)">particles</a>. A particle will be in <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)" title="Suspension (chemistry)">suspension</a> if its weight is less than the random turbidity <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">forces</a> acting upon it. These particles can be sedimentary or <a href="/wiki/Biotic_material" title="Biotic material">biological</a> in origin (including <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detritus" title="Detritus">detritus</a>) and are responsible for the color of the water. Decaying plant matter, for instance, may account for a yellow or brown color, while algae may cause a greenish coloration. In very shallow water bodies, iron oxides make the water reddish brown. Bottom-dwelling <a href="/wiki/Detritivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Detritivorous">detritivorous</a> fish stir the mud in search of food and can be the cause of turbid waters. <a href="/wiki/Piscivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Piscivorous">Piscivorous</a> fish contribute to turbidity by eating plant-eating (<a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">planktonivorous</a>) fish, thus increasing the amount of algae (see aquatic <a href="/wiki/Trophic_cascade" title="Trophic cascade">trophic cascade</a>). The light depth or transparency is measured using a <a href="/wiki/Secchi_disk" title="Secchi disk">Secchi disk</a>, a 20-cm (8 in) disk with alternating white and black <a href="/wiki/Circular_sector" title="Circular sector">quadrants</a>. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is the Secchi depth, a measure of transparency. The Secchi disk is commonly used to test for eutrophication. For a detailed look at these processes, see <a href="/wiki/Lentic_ecosystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentic ecosystems">lentic ecosystems</a>. A lake moderates the surrounding region's temperature and <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> because water has a very high <a href="/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" title="Specific heat capacity">specific heat capacity</a> (4,186 J·kg−1·K−1). In the daytime a lake can cool the land beside it with local winds, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a>; in the night it can warm it with a <a href="/wiki/Land_breeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Land breeze">land breeze</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biological_properties">Biological properties</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_zones_(left)_and_algal_communities_(right).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg/330px-Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg/495px-Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg/660px-Lake_zones_%28left%29_and_algal_communities_%28right%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Cross sectional diagram of limnological lake zones (left) and algal community types (right)</figcaption></figure> Lake zones: <ul><li>Epilittoral: The zone that is entirely above the lake's normal water level and never submerged by lake water</li> <li>Littoral: The zone that encompasses the small area above the normal water level (which is sometimes submerged when the lake's water level increases), reaching to the deepest part of the lake that still allows for submerged <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_plant" title="Aquatic plant">macrophytic</a> growth</li> <li>Littoriprofundal: Transition zone commonly aligned with stratified lakes' metalimnions – too deep for macrophytes but includes <a href="/wiki/Photosynthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosynthetic">photosynthetic</a> algae and bacteria</li> <li>Profundal: Sedimentary zone containing no vegetation</li></ul> Algal community types: <ul><li>Epipelic: Algae that grow on sediments</li> <li>Epilithic: Algae that grow on rocks</li> <li>Epipsammic: Algae that grow on (or within) sand</li> <li>Epiphytic: Algae that grow on macrophytes</li> <li>Epizooic: Algae that grow on living animals</li> <li>Metaphyton: Algae present in the littoral zone, not in a state of suspension nor attached to a substratum (such as a macrophyte)<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Circulation">Circulation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is empty. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (October 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is empty. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (October 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disappearance">Disappearance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Badwater,_Death_Valley,_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg/220px-Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg/330px-Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg/440px-Lake_Badwater%2C_Death_Valley%2C_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ephemeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral">Ephemeral</a> 'Lake Badwater', a lake only noted after heavy winter and spring rainfall, <a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a>, 9 February 2005. <a href="/wiki/Landsat_5" title="Landsat 5">Landsat 5</a> satellite photo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg/220px-Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg/330px-Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg/440px-Badwater_tm5_2007046.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a> <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">dry lake</a>, 15 February 2007. <a href="/wiki/Landsat_5" title="Landsat 5">Landsat 5</a> satellite photo</figcaption></figure> The lake may be infilled with deposited sediment and gradually become a <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a>. Large water plants, typically <a href="/wiki/Phragmites" title="Phragmites">reeds</a>, accelerate this closing process significantly because they partially decompose to form peat soils that fill the shallows. Conversely, peat soils in a marsh can naturally burn and reverse this process to recreate a shallow lake resulting in a dynamic equilibrium between marsh and lake.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> This is significant since wildfire has been largely suppressed in the developed world over the past century. This has artificially converted many shallow lakes into emergent marshes. Turbid lakes and lakes with many plant-eating fish tend to disappear more slowly. A "disappearing" lake (barely noticeable on a human timescale) typically has extensive plant mats at the water's edge. These become a new habitat for other plants, like <a href="/wiki/Sphagnum" title="Sphagnum">peat moss</a> when conditions are right, and animals, many of which are very rare. Gradually, the lake closes and young <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> may form, forming a <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fen</a>. In lowland river valleys where a river can <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">meander</a>, the presence of peat is explained by the infilling of historical <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lakes</a>. In the final stages of <a href="/wiki/Ecological_succession" title="Ecological succession">succession</a>, trees can grow in, eventually turning the wetland into a forest. Some lakes can disappear seasonally. These are called intermittent lakes, ephemeral lakes, or seasonal lakes and can be found in <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karstic terrain</a>. A prime example of an intermittent lake is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Cerknica" title="Lake Cerknica">Lake Cerknica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lag_Prau_Pulte" class="mw-redirect" title="Lag Prau Pulte">Lag Prau Pulte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>. Other intermittent lakes are only the result of above-average precipitation in a closed, or <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">endorheic basin</a>, usually filling dry lake beds. This can occur in some of the driest places on earth, like <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>. This occurred in the spring of 2005, after unusually heavy rains.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The lake did not last into the summer, and was quickly evaporated (see photos to right). A more commonly filled lake of this type is <a href="/wiki/Sevier_Lake" title="Sevier Lake">Sevier Lake</a> of west-central <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>. Sometimes a lake will disappear quickly. On 3 June 2005, in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a>, Russia, a lake called <a href="/wiki/Lake_Beloye_(Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast)" title="Lake Beloye (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast)">Lake Beloye</a> vanished in a matter of minutes. News sources reported that government officials theorized that this strange phenomenon may have been caused by a shift in the soil underneath the lake that allowed its water to drain through channels leading to the <a href="/wiki/Oka_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Oka River">Oka River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The presence of ground permafrost is important to the persistence of some lakes. Thawing permafrost may explain the shrinking or disappearance of hundreds of large Arctic lakes across western Siberia. The idea here is that rising air and soil temperatures thaw permafrost, allowing the lakes to drain away into the ground.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Some lakes disappear because of human development factors. The shrinking <a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> is described as being "murdered" by the diversion for irrigation of the rivers feeding it.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Between 1990 and 2020, more than half of the world's large lakes decreased in size, in part due to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Lake">Prairie Lake</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraterrestrial_lakes">Extraterrestrial lakes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan" title="Lakes of Titan">Lakes of Titan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg/230px-PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg/345px-PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg/460px-PIA10008_Seas_and_Lakes_on_Titan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan's</a> north polar hydrocarbon <a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan" title="Lakes of Titan">seas and lakes</a>, as seen in a false-color <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a> <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_aperture_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic aperture radar">synthetic aperture radar</a> mosaic</figcaption></figure> Only one <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical body">astronomical body</a> other than Earth is known to harbor large lakes: Saturn's largest moon, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>. Photographs and <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopic_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectroscopic analysis">spectroscopic analysis</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a> <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> show liquid ethane on the surface, which is thought to be mixed with liquid methane. The largest lake on Titan is <a href="/wiki/Kraken_Mare" title="Kraken Mare">Kraken Mare</a> which, at an estimated 400,000 km2,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> is roughly five times the size of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> (~80,000 km2) and nearly the size of all five <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> of North America combined.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The second largest Titanean lake, <a href="/wiki/Ligeia_Mare" title="Ligeia Mare">Ligeia Mare</a>, is almost twice the size of Lake Superior, at an estimated 150,000 km2.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Jupiter's large moon <a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a> is volcanically active, leading to the accumulation of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> deposits on the surface. Some photographs taken during the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo spacecraft">Galileo</a> mission appear to show lakes of liquid sulfur in volcanic caldera, though these are more analogous to lakes of lava than of water on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> has only one confirmed lake which is underground and near the south pole.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Although the surface of Mars is too cold and has too little <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> to permit permanent surface water, geologic evidence appears to confirm that <a href="/wiki/Ancient_lake" title="Ancient lake">ancient lakes</a> once formed on the surface.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> There are dark basaltic plains on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Lunar_mare" title="Lunar mare">lunar maria</a> but smaller, which are called lacus (singular lacus, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "lake") because they were thought by early astronomers to be lakes of water. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_lakes_on_Earth">Notable lakes on Earth</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">List of lakes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/220px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/330px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg/440px-Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> is either the world's largest lake or a full-fledged <a href="/wiki/Inland_sea" title="Inland sea">inland sea</a><a href="#cite_note-Caspian-79">[note 1]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundtanglelake.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundtanglelake.JPG/220px-Roundtanglelake.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundtanglelake.JPG/330px-Roundtanglelake.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundtanglelake.JPG/440px-Roundtanglelake.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>Round Tangle Lake, one of the <a href="/wiki/Tangle_Lakes" title="Tangle Lakes">Tangle Lakes</a>, 2,864 feet (873 m) above sea level in <a href="/wiki/Interior_Alaska" title="Interior Alaska">interior Alaska</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The largest lake by surface area is <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, which is despite its name considered as a lake from the point of view of geography.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Its surface area is 143,000 sq. mi./371,000 km2. <ul><li>The second largest lake by surface area, and the largest freshwater lake by surface area, is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan-Huron" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Michigan-Huron">Lake Michigan-Huron</a>, which is hydrologically a single lake. Its surface area is 45,300 sq. mi./117,400 km2. For those who consider Lake Michigan-Huron to be separate lakes, and Caspian Sea to be a <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> would be the largest lake at 82,100 km2 (31,700 square miles)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> is the deepest lake in the world, located in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, with a bottom at 1,637 metres (5,371 ft). Its mean depth is also the greatest in the world (749 metres (2,457 ft)). It is also the world's largest freshwater lake by volume (23,600 cubic kilometres (5,700 cu mi), but much smaller than the Caspian Sea at 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,800 cu mi)), and the second longest (about 630 kilometres (390 mi) from tip to tip).</li> <li>The world's <a href="/wiki/Ancient_lake" title="Ancient lake">oldest lake</a> is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo" title="Lake Maracaibo">Lake Maracaibo</a> is considered by some to be the second-oldest lake on Earth, but since it lies at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> and nowadays is a contiguous body of water with the sea, others consider that it has turned into a small <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bay</a>.</li> <li>The longest lake is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>, with a length of about 660 kilometres (410 mi) (measured along the lake's center line). It is also the third largest by volume, the second oldest, and the second deepest (1,470 metres (4,820 ft)) in the world, after Lake Baikal.</li> <li>The world's highest lake, if size is not a criterion, may be the crater lake of <a href="/wiki/Ojos_del_Salado" title="Ojos del Salado">Ojos del Salado</a>, at 6,390 metres (20,965 ft).<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <ul><li>The highest large (greater than 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi)) lake in the world is the 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Lake_Puma_Yumco" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Puma Yumco">Pumoyong Tso</a> (Pumuoyong Tso[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]), in the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> of China, at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake&params=28_34_N_90_24_E_">28°34′N 90°24′E / 28.567°N 90.400°E / 28.567; 90.400</a>, 5,018 metres (16,463 ft) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a></li> <li>The world's highest commercially navigable lake is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> at 3,812 m (12,507 ft). It is also the largest lake in South America.</li></ul></li> <li>The world's lowest lake is the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>, bordered by <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> to the west, at 418 metres (1,371 ft) below sea level. It is also one of the lakes with highest <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> concentration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan%E2%80%93Huron" title="Lake Michigan–Huron">Lake Michigan–Huron</a> has the longest lake coastline in the world: about 5,250 kilometres (3,260 mi), excluding the coastline of its many inner islands. Even if it is considered two lakes, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> alone would still have the longest coastline in the world at 2,980 kilometres (1,850 mi).</li> <li>The largest island in a lake is <a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_Island" title="Manitoulin Island">Manitoulin Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan%E2%80%93Huron" title="Lake Michigan–Huron">Lake Michigan-Huron</a>, with a surface area of 2,766 square kilometres (1,068 sq mi). <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manitou" title="Lake Manitou">Lake Manitou</a>, on Manitoulin Island, is the largest lake on an island in a lake.</li> <li>The largest lake on an island is <a href="/wiki/Nettilling_Lake" title="Nettilling Lake">Nettilling Lake</a> on <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>, with an area of 5,542 square kilometres (2,140 sq mi) and a maximum length of 123 kilometres (76 mi).<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></li> <li>The largest lake in the world that drains naturally in two directions is <a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Lake" title="Wollaston Lake">Wollaston Lake</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Toba" title="Lake Toba">Lake Toba</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> is in what is probably the largest resurgent <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> on Earth.</li> <li>The largest lake completely within the boundaries of a single city is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wanapitei" title="Lake Wanapitei">Lake Wanapitei</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. Before the current city boundaries came into effect in 2001, this status was held by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Ramsey">Lake Ramsey</a>, also in Sudbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Enriquillo" title="Lake Enriquillo">Lake Enriquillo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> is the only saltwater lake in the world inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodiles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bernard" title="Lake Bernard">Lake Bernard</a>, Ontario, Canada, claims to be the largest lake in the world with no islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Saimaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Saimaa">Lake Saimaa</a> in both <a href="/wiki/South_Savonia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Savonia">South Savonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Karelia" title="South Karelia">South Karelia</a>, Finland, forms the much larger Saimaa basin, which have more shorelines per unit of area than anywhere else in the world, with the total length being nearly 15,000 kilometres (9,300 mi).<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a></li> <li>The largest lake in one country is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>, in the United States. However, it is sometimes considered part of Lake Michigan-Huron, making the record go to <a href="/wiki/Great_Bear_Lake" title="Great Bear Lake">Great Bear Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the largest lake within one jurisdiction.</li> <li>The largest lake on an island in a lake on an island is Crater Lake on Vulcano Island in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Taal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Taal">Lake Taal</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</li> <li>The northernmost named lake on Earth is <a href="/wiki/Upper_Dumbell_Lake" title="Upper Dumbell Lake">Upper Dumbell Lake</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> at a latitude of 82°28'N. It is 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a>, the northernmost settlement in the world. There are also several small lakes north of Upper Dumbell Lake, but they are all unnamed and only appear on very detailed maps.</li> <li>There are only 20 <a href="/wiki/Ancient_lake" title="Ancient lake">ancient lakes</a> - those over a million years old</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_by_continent">Largest by continent</h3></div> The largest lakes (surface area) by <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> are: <ul><li>Australia – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre" title="Lake Eyre">Lake Eyre</a> (salt lake)</li> <li>Africa – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>, also the third-largest freshwater lake on Earth. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes of Africa">Great Lakes of Africa</a>.</li> <li>Antarctica – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a> (subglacial)</li> <li>Asia – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> (if the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> is considered a lake, it is the largest in Eurasia, but is divided between the two geographic continents)</li> <li>Oceania – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre" title="Lake Eyre">Lake Eyre</a> when filled; the largest permanent (and freshwater) lake in Oceania is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Taup%C5%8D" title="Lake Taupō">Lake Taupō</a>.</li> <li>Europe – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Onega" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a>, both in northwestern Russia.</li> <li>North America – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan%E2%80%93Huron" title="Lake Michigan–Huron">Lake Michigan–Huron</a>, which is hydrologically a single lake. However, lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Huron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Michigan</a> are usually considered separate lakes, in which case <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> would be the largest.<a href="#cite_note-Manivanan2008a-60">[60]</a></li> <li>South America – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a>, which is also the highest navigable body of water on Earth at 3,812 metres (12,507 ft) above sea level. (The much larger – and older – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo" title="Lake Maracaibo">Lake Maracaibo</a> is perceived by some to no longer be genuinely a lake, but a lagoon.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>])</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/28px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/42px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/56px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lakes" title="Portal:Lakes">Lakes portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/48px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/64px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/18px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/28px-Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/37px-Drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Water" title="Portal:Water">Water portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a> – Air cooling method</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> – Group of lakes in North America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_monster" title="Lake monster">Lake monster</a> – Lake-dwelling creature in myth and folklore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liman_(landform)" title="Liman (landform)">Liman</a> – River estuary lagoon in Black Sea region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">List of lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_by_area" title="List of lakes by area">List of lakes by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_by_depth" title="List of lakes by depth">List of lakes by depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_United_States" title="List of lakes of the United States">List of lakes of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_lakes_of_Europe" title="List of largest lakes of Europe">List of largest lakes of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch" title="Loch">Loch</a> – Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or sea inlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere_(lake)" title="Mere (lake)">Mere (lake)</a> – Shallow lake, pond, or wetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_and_closed_lakes" title="Open and closed lakes">Open and closed lakes</a> – Major subdivisions of lakes, for a description of the difference between exorheic and endorheic lakes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">River mouth</a> – End of a river where it flows into a larger body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_(hydrology)" title="Slough (hydrology)">Slough (hydrology)</a> – Type of wetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn_(lake)" title="Tarn (lake)">Tarn</a> – Mountain lake or pool in a glacial cirque</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Caspian-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Caspian_79-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> is generally regarded by geographers, biologists and <a href="/wiki/Limnologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Limnologist">limnologists</a> as a huge inland <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lake</a>. However, the Caspian's large size means that for some purposes it is better modeled as a sea. Geologically, the Caspian, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> seas are remnants of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Tethys_Ocean" title="Tethys Ocean">Tethys Ocean</a>. Politically, the distinction between a sea and a lake may affect how the Caspian is treated by international law.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lake">"Lake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>. 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Flake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lake">"Lake"</a>. 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Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (9): e2021GL093366. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GeoRL..4893366S">2021GeoRL..4893366S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2021GL093366">10.1029/2021GL093366</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1944-8007">1944-8007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235508504">235508504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+Fractal+Scaling+Relationship+for+River+Inlets+to+Lakes&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e2021GL093366&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2021GL093366&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235508504%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1944-8007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021GeoRL..4893366S&rft.aulast=Seekell&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Cael%2C+B.&rft.au=Lindmark%2C+E.&rft.au=Bystr%C3%B6m%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1029%2F2021GL093366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeinonenZiglio2008-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HeinonenZiglio2008_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeinonenZiglio2008_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuusistoHyvärinen2000" class="citation book cs1">Kuusisto, Esko; Hyvärinen, Veli (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=USGtfTkgSfwC&pg=PA4">"Hydrology of Lakes"</a>. 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(2000). Lake Basins Through Space and Time. AAPG Studies in Geology 46 (No. 46). The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89181-052-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89181-052-8">0-89181-052-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchnurrenbergerOthers2003a-63"><a href="#cite_ref-SchnurrenbergerOthers2003a_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurrenberger2003" class="citation journal cs1">Schnurrenberger, Douglas (2003). "Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components". 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Journal of Geophysical Research. 116 (E04001): E04001. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JGRE..116.4001M">2011JGRE..116.4001M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2010JE003739">10.1029/2010JE003739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Hydrology+of+early+Mars%3A+Lake+basins&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=E04001&rft.pages=E04001&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2010JE003739&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JGRE..116.4001M&rft.au=Matsubara%2C+Yo&rft.au=Howard%2C+Alan+D.&rft.au=Drummond%2C+Sarah+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1029%252F2010JE003739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen_Nag" class="citation web cs1">Sen Nag, Oishimaya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-the-caspian-a-sea-or-a-lake.html">"Is The Caspian Sea a Sea Or A Lake?"</a>. worldatlas.com. WorldAtlas. Retrieved 15 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldatlas.com&rft.atitle=Is+The+Caspian+Sea+a+Sea+Or+A+Lake%3F&rft.aulast=Sen+Nag&rft.aufirst=Oishimaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fis-the-caspian-a-sea-or-a-lake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andes.org.uk/peak-info-6000/ojos-del-salado-info.asp">Ojos del Salado 6893m</a>. andes.org.uk </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617214140/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/China2.pdf">"China wetlands"</a> (PDF). Ramsar Wetlands International. p. 77. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/China2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+wetlands&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Ramsar+Wetlands+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Framsar.wetlands.org%2FPortals%2F15%2FChina2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elbruz.org/islands/Islands%20and%20Lakes.htm">Largest island in a lake on an island in a lake on an island</a>. elbruz.org </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHämäläinen2001" class="citation web cs1">Hämäläinen, Arto (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214225230/http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25710&LAN=ENG">"Saimaa – Finland's largest lake"</a>. Virtual Finland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25710&LAN=ENG">the original</a> on 14 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saimaa+%E2%80%93+Finland%27s+largest+lake&rft.pub=Virtual+Finland&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4m%C3%A4l%C3%A4inen&rft.aufirst=Arto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvirtual.finland.fi%2Fnetcomm%2Fnews%2Fshowarticle.asp%3FintNWSAID%3D25710%26LAN%3DENG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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title="Mountain range">range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableland" title="Tableland">Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental plain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes" title="Fluvial sediment processes">Fluvial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_island" title="Lake island">island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glacial_landform" title="Glacial landform">Glacial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Ice field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Oceanic and coastal landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_rock" title="Wall rock">Wall rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">Aeolian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artificial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_island" title="Artificial island">Artificial island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geographical_feature" title="Geographical feature">Geographical feature</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4054084-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85074030">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11965328h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11965328h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114834&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550877905171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 188 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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