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της Κίνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταρρυθμιστική Κυβέρνηση της Δημοκρατίας της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_reformado_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China" title="Gobierno reformado de la República de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno reformado de la República de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دولت اصلاح‌شده جمهوری چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت اصلاح‌شده جمهوری چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_de_Chine" title="Gouvernement réformé de la république de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement réformé de la république de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%A0%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" title="중화민국 유신정부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화민국 유신정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Direformasi_Republik_Tiongkok" title="Pemerintahan Direformasi Republik Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan Direformasi Republik Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_riformato_della_Repubblica_di_Cina" title="Governo riformato della Repubblica di Cina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Governo riformato della Repubblica di Cina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hervormde_Regering_van_de_Republiek_China" title="Hervormde Regering van de Republiek China – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hervormde Regering van de Republiek China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民国維新政府 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華民国維新政府" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Reformado_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_da_China" title="Governo Reformado da República da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo Reformado da República da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Puppet government controlled by Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Reformed Government of the<br />Republic of China</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">中華民國維新政府</span><br /><i>Zhōnghuá Mínguó Wéixīn Zhèngfǔ</i><br /><i>Chūka minkoku Ishin Seifu</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1938–1940</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Reformed Government of the Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of Reformed Government of the Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">Five Races Under One Union Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Song_to_the_Auspicious_Cloud" title="Song to the Auspicious Cloud">Song to the Auspicious Cloud</a></i><br />(1938–1940)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="42" data-mwtitle="Song-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-卿雲歌-Modified_from_1921-1928_(Beiyang_government)_Anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Song-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-%E5%8D%BF%E9%9B%B2%E6%AD%8C-Modified_from_1921-1928_%28Beiyang_government%29_Anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Song-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-%E5%8D%BF%E9%9B%B2%E6%AD%8C-Modified_from_1921-1928_%28Beiyang_government%29_Anthem.ogg/Song-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-%E5%8D%BF%E9%9B%B2%E6%AD%8C-Modified_from_1921-1928_%28Beiyang_government%29_Anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-%E5%8D%BF%E9%9B%B2%E6%AD%8C-Modified_from_1921-1928_%28Beiyang_government%29_Anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong-to-the-Auspicious-Cloud-%E5%8D%BF%E9%9B%B2%E6%AD%8C-Modified_from_1921-1928_%28Beiyang_government%29_Anthem.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Reformed,_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_(1937-1940)_-_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Territory of the Reformed Government in central China"><img alt="Territory of the Reformed Government in central China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg/250px-Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg/375px-Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg/500px-Map_of_Reformed%2C_Provisional_Gov_of_ROC_and_Mengjiang_%281937-1940%29_-_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="277" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Territory of the Reformed Government in central China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states_and_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies">Unrecognized State</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Puppet_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet regime">Puppet regime</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanking">Nanking</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President of the Executive Yuan</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1938–1940 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liang_Hongzhi" title="Liang Hongzhi">Liang Hongzhi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 March 1938</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Merged into <a href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of China">Reorganized National Government</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 March 1940</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Republic of China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Great_Way_Government" title="Great Way Government">Great Way Government</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="587" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b> Reformed Government of the Republic of China</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中华民国维新政府</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">中華民國維新政府</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnghuá Mínguó Wéixīn Zhèngfǔ</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Chūka minkoku Ishin Seifu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span>) was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> that existed from 1938 to 1940 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. The regime had little authority or popular support, nor did it receive international recognition even from Japan itself, lasting only two years before it was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937%E2%80%931940)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)">Provisional Government</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China</a> under <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>. Due to the extensive powers of the Japanese advisors within the government and its own limited powers, the Reformed Government was not much more than an arm of the Japanese military administration. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the retreat of <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a> forces from <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> in 1938, and from their defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nanjing">Battle of Nanjing</a>, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Imperial_General_Headquarters" title="Imperial General Headquarters">Imperial General Headquarters</a> authorized the creation of a collaborationist regime to give the semblance of at least nominal local control over Japanese-occupied <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">south China</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">Northern China</a> was already under a separate administration, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937%E2%80%931940)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)">Provisional Government of the Republic of China</a>, from December 1937. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Central_China_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Central China Area Army">Japanese Central China Area Army</a> drafted plans that month to set up its own puppet government in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Yangtze">Lower Yangtze</a> region. Several documents were made that laid out the details of providing it with financial support as well as the economic and political goals for forming the regime. The documents also acknowledged the eventual merger of the Provisional Government with the one in Central China. The task they focused on was recruiting political and military leaders to head the government.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first candidate to lead the government was <a href="/wiki/Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a>, a former Kuomintang leader who was in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>. He was willing to do it but the Japanese were not able to grant his demand to unite the Provisional Government under his leadership, and thus they decided to save him for a later date. However, Tang was assassinated not too long after that. They ended up finding and negotiating with <a href="/wiki/Liang_Hongzhi" title="Liang Hongzhi">Liang Hongzhi</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Anhui_clique" title="Anhui clique">Anhui clique</a> politician of the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiyang Government">early Republican era</a> who had ties to Japan. He and several other recruited candidates met in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and it was later decided at a meeting on 19 February 1938 that the regime would use the old flag and anthem of the Chinese Republic (Beiyang Government).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Reformed Government of the Republic of China was established by Liang Hongzhi and others on 28 March 1938, and was assigned control of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> as well as the two municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regime's manifesto pointed out the consequences of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Kuomintang government</a> and thanked their Japanese allies for "rescuing" China, claiming that the Reformed Government was the solution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its activities were carefully prescribed and overseen by “advisors” provided by the Japanese <a href="/wiki/China_Expeditionary_Army" title="China Expeditionary Army">China Expeditionary Army</a>. The failure of the Japanese to give any real authority to the Reformed Government discredited it in the eyes of the local inhabitants, and made its existence of only limited propaganda utility to the Japanese authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Reformed Government was, along with the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, merged into <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China">reorganized national government</a> on 30 March 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armed forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army#Reformed_Government" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army § Reformed Government</a></div> <p>The Reformed Government army was led by Pacification Minister (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">绥靖部部长</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Suíjìng bù bùzhǎng</span></i>) <a href="/wiki/Ren_Yuandao" title="Ren Yuandao">Ren Yuandao</a> and initially consisted of about 10,000 men at its creation, and later rose to 30,000 by 1939. The army's troops were considered to be unreliable by the Japanese due to their poor training and lack of equipment. A military academy was set up with an initial class of a few hundred cadets, in order to provide a reliable officer corps that was "untainted" by previous service in the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a>. However, the Reformed Government Army remained largely incompetent and was reported to have fled from the insurgents they encountered. A small navy was also established to patrol the rivers and coastline with some small vessels, led by a defected admiral of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">Nationalist navy</a>. In addition, an air force was planned to be established and some training gliders were purchased from Japan, but it was not formed by the time the government was merged.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modified version used in 1921–1928.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Barret2002">Barret (2002)</a>, pp. 86-87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Barret2002">Barret (2002)</a>, pp. 89-91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Honda1999">Honda (1999)</a>, p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Barret2002">Barret (2002)</a>, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Black2002">Black (2002)</a>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Barret2002">Barret (2002)</a>, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Jowett2004">Jowett (2004)</a>, pp. 44-49</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Barett2002" class="citation book cs1">Barett, David (2002). <i>Chinese Collaboration with Japan, 1932–1945: The Limits of Accommodation</i>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804737681" title="Special:BookSources/0804737681"><bdi>0804737681</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Collaboration+with+Japan%2C+1932%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Limits+of+Accommodation&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0804737681&rft.aulast=Barett&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Black2002" class="citation book cs1">Black, Jeremy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43qNRUp94poC&pg=PA34"><i>World War Two: A Military History</i></a>. Routeledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-30535-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-30535-7"><bdi>0-415-30535-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+Two%3A+A+Military+History&rft.pub=Routeledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-30535-7&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43qNRUp94poC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Brune2002" class="citation book cs1">Brune, Lester H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nSe0gs-YaTkC&pg=PA521"><i>Chronological History of US Foreign Relations</i></a>. Routeledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93916-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93916-X"><bdi>0-415-93916-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronological+History+of+US+Foreign+Relations&rft.pub=Routeledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-93916-X&rft.aulast=Brune&rft.aufirst=Lester+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnSe0gs-YaTkC%26pg%3DPA521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Honda1999" class="citation book cs1">Honda, Katsuichi (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cwpxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA283"><i>The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame</i></a>. M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-0334-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-0334-9"><bdi>0-7656-0334-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nanjing+Massacre%3A+A+Japanese+Journalist+Confronts+Japan%27s+National+Shame&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7656-0334-9&rft.aulast=Honda&rft.aufirst=Katsuichi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcwpxAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Jowett2004" class="citation book cs1">Jowett, Phillip S. (2004). <i>Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45, Volume I: China & Manchuria</i>. Solihull, England: Helion & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874622213" title="Special:BookSources/1874622213"><bdi>1874622213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rays+of+The+Rising+Sun%2C+Armed+Forces+of+Japan%27s+Asian+Allies+1931%E2%80%9345%2C+Volume+I%3A+China+%26+Manchuria&rft.place=Solihull%2C+England&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1874622213&rft.aulast=Jowett&rft.aufirst=Phillip+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdoc.enpchina.eu/">Biographical Dictionary of Occupied China</a></i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserman1999" class="citation book cs1">Wasserman, Bernard (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretwarinshang00bern"><i>Secret War in Shanghai: An Untold Story of Espionage, Intrigue, and Treason in World War II</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-98537-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-98537-4"><bdi>0-395-98537-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+War+in+Shanghai%3A+An+Untold+Story+of+Espionage%2C+Intrigue%2C+and+Treason+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-395-98537-4&rft.aulast=Wasserman&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretwarinshang00bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReformed+Government+of+the+Republic+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1927–1948)</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Reformed Government of the Republic of China </b><br />1938–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China">Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1940–1945)</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="States_and_territories_in_the_sphere_of_influence_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">States and territories in the sphere of influence of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Hebei_Autonomous_Government" title="East Hebei Autonomous Government">East Hebei Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Jinbei.svg/45px-Flag_of_Jinbei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Shanxi_Autonomous_Government" title="North Shanxi Autonomous Government">North Shanxi Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Chanan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chanan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Chahar_Autonomous_Government" title="South Chahar Autonomous Government">South Chahar Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang United Autonomous Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Great_Way_Municipal_Government_of_Shanghai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Way_Government" title="Great Way Government">Shanghai Great Way Government</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_%281939%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937%E2%80%931940)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)">Provisional Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reformed Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="587" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Reorganized National Government of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Kingdom of Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/23px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/35px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1931_Flag_of_India.svg/45px-1931_Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Provisional Government of Free India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281943%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Republic of the Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia_%281863%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Kingdom of Kampuchea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Kingdom of Luang Prabang</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Occupied Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">Occupied West Sumatra</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Occupied Malaya</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Occupied British Borneo</a></div></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Occupied Hong Kong</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Occupied Singapore</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Occupied Guam</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Occupied Nauru</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Occupied Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Occupied Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">Occupied New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&oldid=1253912492">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China&oldid=1253912492</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_establishments_in_China" title="Category:1938 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