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and lateral sacral</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: iliolumbar and lateral sacral"> <meta name="keywords" content="iliolumbar and lateral sacral"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="iliolumbar and lateral sacral"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 766</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: iliolumbar and lateral sacral</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> Seismic Evaluation with Shear Walls and Braces for Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Malik">R. S. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Madan"> S. K. Madan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Sehgal"> V. K. Sehgal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings with dual system consisting of shear walls and moment resisting frames or braces and moment resisting frames have been widely used to resist lateral forces during earthquakes. The two dual systems are designed to resist the total design lateral force in proportion to their lateral stiffness. The response of the combination of braces and shear walls has not yet been studied therefore has practically no work to refer to. The combination may prove to be more effective in lateral load resistance by employing the peculiar advantages of shear walls and braces simultaneously and may also improve the architectural appearance of structures. This concept has been applied to regular RCC buildings provided with shear walls, braces, and their combinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title="dynamic analysis">dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20structures" title=" dual structures"> dual structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storey%20drift" title=" storey drift"> storey drift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17790/seismic-evaluation-with-shear-walls-and-braces-for-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> The Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Piles Installed in the Sand with Enlarged Bases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Omer">J. Omer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haroglu"> H. Haroglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Base enlargement in piles was invented to enhance pile resistance in downward loading, but the contribution of an enlarged base to the lateral load resistance of a pile has not been fully exploited or understood. This paper presents a laboratory investigation of the lateral capacity and deformation response of small-scale steel piles with enlarged bases installed in dry sand. Static loading tests were performed on 24 model piles having different base-to-shaft diameter ratios. The piles were installed in a box filled with dry sand, and lateral loads were applied to the pile tops using a pulley system. The test piles had shaft diameters of 20 mm, 16 mm, and 10 mm; base diameters of 900 mm, 700 mm, and 500 mm. As a control, a pile without base enlargement was tested to allow comparisons with the enlarged base piles. Incremental maintained loads were applied until pile failure approached while recording pile head deflections with high-precision dial gauges. The results showed that the lateral capacity increased with an increase in base diameter, albeit by different percentages depending on the shaft diameters and embedment length in the sand. There was always an increase in lateral capacity with increasing embedment length. Also, it was observed that an enlarged pile base had deflected less at a given load when compared to the control pile. Therefore, the research demonstrated the benefits of lateral capacity and stability of enlarging a pile base. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20foundations" title="pile foundations">pile foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enlarged%20base" title=" enlarged base"> enlarged base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loading" title=" lateral loading"> lateral loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160333/the-behaviour-of-laterally-loaded-piles-installed-in-the-sand-with-enlarged-bases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> Age Estimation Using Atlas Method with Orthopantomogram and Digital Tracing on Lateral Cephalogram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astika%20Swastirani">Astika Swastirani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronological age estimation can be done by looking at the stage of growth and development of teeth from orthopantomogram and mandibular remodeling from lateral cephalogram. Mandibular morphological changes associated with the size and remodeling during growth is a strong indicator of age estimation. These changes can be observed with lateral cephalogram. Objective: To prove the difference between chronological age and age estimation using orthopantomogram (dental age) and lateral cephalogram (skeletal age). Methods: Sample consisted of 100 medical records, 100 orthopantomograms digital and 100 lateral cephalograms digital belongs to 50 male and 50 female of Airlangga University hospital of dentistry. Orthopantomogram were matched with London atlas and lateral cephalograms were observed by digital tracing. The difference of dental age and skeletal age was analyzed by pair t –test. Result: Result of the pair t-test between chronological age and dental age in male (p-value 0.002, p<0.05), in female (p-value 0.605, p>0.05). Result of pair t-test between the chronological age and skeletal age (variable length Condylion-Gonion, Gonion-Gnathion, Condylion-Gnathion in male (p-value 0.000, p<0.05) in female (variable Condylion-Gonion length (p-value 0.000, Condylion-Gnathion length (p-value 0,040) and Gonion-Gnathion length (p-value 0.493). Conclusion: Orthopantomogram with London atlas and lateral cephalograms with Gonion- Gnathion variable can be used for age estimation in female. Orthopantomogram with London atlas and lateral cephalograms with Condylion-Gonion variable, Gonion-Gnathion variable and Condylion-Gnathion can not be used for age estimation in male. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20estimation" title="age estimation">age estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronological%20age" title=" chronological age"> chronological age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20age" title=" dental age"> dental age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20age" title=" skeletal age"> skeletal age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90628/age-estimation-using-atlas-method-with-orthopantomogram-and-digital-tracing-on-lateral-cephalogram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> Lateral Buckling of Nanoparticle Additive Composite Beams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCrkan%20%C5%9Eakar">Gürkan Şakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akg%C3%BCn%20Alsaran"> Akgün Alsaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emrah%20E.%20%C3%96zbaldan"> Emrah E. Özbaldan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, lateral buckling analysis of composite beams with particle additive was carried out experimentally and numerically. The effects of particle type, particle addition ratio on buckling loads of composite beams were determined. The numerical studies were performed with ANSYS package. In the analyses, clamped-free boundary condition was assumed. The load carrying capabilities of composite beams were influenced by different particle types and particle addition ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20buckling" title="lateral buckling">lateral buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20beam" title=" composite beam"> composite beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numeric%20analysis" title=" numeric analysis"> numeric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54619/lateral-buckling-of-nanoparticle-additive-composite-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Development of a Testing Rig for a Cold Formed-Hot Rolled Steel Hybrid Wall Panel System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Mortazavi">Mina Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ronagh"> Hamid Ronagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pezhman%20Sharafi"> Pezhman Sharafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new concept of a cold formed-hot rolled hybrid steel wall panel system is introduced to overcome the deficiency in lateral load resisting capacity of cold-formed steel structures. The hybrid system is composed of a cold-formed steel part laterally connected to hot rolled part. The hot rolled steel part is responsible for carrying the whole lateral load; while the cold formed steel part is only required to transfer the lateral load to the hot rolled part without any local failure. The vertical load is beared by both hot rolled, and cold formed steel part, proportionally. In order to investigate the lateral performance of the proposed system, it should be tested under simultaneous lateral and vertical load. The main concern is to deliver the loads to each part during the test to simulate the real load distribution in the structure. In this paper, a detailed description of the proposed wall panel system and the designed testing rig is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title="cold-formed steel">cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20system" title=" hybrid system"> hybrid system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20panel%20system" title=" wall panel system"> wall panel system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing%20rig%20design" title=" testing rig design"> testing rig design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67064/development-of-a-testing-rig-for-a-cold-formed-hot-rolled-steel-hybrid-wall-panel-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Theoretical Stress-Strain Model for Confined Concrete by Rectangular Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizam%20Dogan">Mizam Dogan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hande%20G%C3%B6kdemir"> Hande Gökdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In reinforced concrete elements, reinforcement steel bars are placed in concrete both longitudinal and lateral directions. The lateral reinforcement (called as confinement) which is used for confining circular RC elements is in a spiral shape. If the cross section of RC element is rectangular, stirrups should be rectangular too. At very high compressive stresses concrete will reach its limit strain value and therefore concrete outside the lateral reinforcement, which is not confined, will crush and start to spell. At this stage, concrete core of the RC element tries to expand laterally as a reason of high Poisson’s ratio value of concrete. Such a deformation is prevented by the lateral reinforcement which applies lateral passive pressure on concrete. At very high compressive stresses, the strength of reinforced column member rises to four times σ 2. This increase in strength of member is related to the properties of rectangular stirrups. In this paper, effect of stirrup step spacing to column behavior is calculated and presented confined concrete model is proved by numerical solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20concrete" title="confined concrete">confined concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20column" title=" concrete column"> concrete column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain" title=" stress-strain"> stress-strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirrup" title=" stirrup"> stirrup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid" title=" solid"> solid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame" title=" frame"> frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40255/theoretical-stress-strain-model-for-confined-concrete-by-rectangular-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">730</span> Anatomical Features of Internal Pudendal Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Yasky">Adel Yasky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Al-Talalwah"> Waseem Al-Talalwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shorok%20Al%20Dorazi"> Shorok Al Dorazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Soames"> Roger Soames</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The internal pudendal artery is a standard branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. The current study includes 41 cadavers to investigate the origin and branches of the internal pudendal artery and its clinical significances. The internal pudendal artery arose directly from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in 48.3% while it arose indirectly in 48.5%. However, the internal pudendal artery arose from the posterior division of internal iliac artery in 1.6%. Moreover, it arose internal iliac artery bifurcation site in 1.6%. Further, the internal pudendal artery supplied the urinary bladder in 17.1%. Also, the internal pudendal artery supplied the rectum 33.5% respectively. It gave uterine and vaginal arteries in 9.4% and 7.8% respectively. Finally, it supplied the sciatic nerve via giving lateral sacral branch in 1.6%. Internists, surgeons and radiologists have to be aware of the variability to decrease iatrogenic injury. Therefore, unnecessary proximal ligation should be avoided at the site of indirect origin of the internal pudendal artery to prevent sciatic neuropathy. Further, intrapelvic bleeding as result of laceration of internal pudendal branches during hysterectomy, prostatectomy or proctectomy should be expected. Therefore, this study increases the awareness of surgeons leading to minimize iatrogenic faults, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pudendal%20artery" title="internal pudendal artery">internal pudendal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inferior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" inferior gluteal artery"> inferior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" superior gluteal artery"> superior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20iliac%20artery" title=" internal iliac artery"> internal iliac artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impotence" title=" impotence"> impotence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decreased%20libido" title=" decreased libido"> decreased libido</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30963/anatomical-features-of-internal-pudendal-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">729</span> RAFU Functions in Robotics and Automation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicia%20C.%20Sanchez">Alicia C. Sanchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the implementation of RAFU functions (radical functions) in robotics and automation. Specifically, the main goal is to show how these functions may be useful in lane-keeping control and the lateral control of autonomous machines, vehicles, robots or the like. From the knowledge of several points of a certain route, the RAFU functions are used to achieve the lateral control purpose and maintain the lane-keeping errors within the fixed limits. The stability that these functions provide, their ease of approaching any continuous trajectory and the control of the possible error made on the approximation may be useful in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20navigation%20control" title="automatic navigation control">automatic navigation control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20control" title=" lateral control"> lateral control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lane-keeping%20control" title=" lane-keeping control"> lane-keeping control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAFU%20approximation" title=" RAFU approximation"> RAFU approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138558/rafu-functions-in-robotics-and-automation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">728</span> Experımental Study of Structural Insulated Panel under Lateral Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abbasi">H. Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sennah"> K. Sennah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) is a structural element contains of foam insulation core sandwiched between two oriented-strand boards (OSB), plywood boards, steel sheets or fibre cement boards. Superior insulation, exceptional strength and fast insulation are the specifications of a SIP-based structure. There are also many other benefits such as less total construction costs, speed of construction, less expensive HVAC equipment required, favourable energy-efficient mortgages comparing to wood-framed houses. This paper presents the experimental analysis on selected foam-timber SIPs to study their structural behaviour when used as walls in residential construction under lateral loading. The experimental program has also taken several stud panels in order to compare the performance of SIP with conventional wood-frame system. The results of lateral tests performed in this study established a database that can be used further to develop design tables of SIP wall subjected to lateral loading caused by wind or earthquake. A design table for walls subjected to lateral loading was developed. Experimental results proved that the tested SIPs are ‘as good as’ the conventional wood-frame system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20insulated%20panel" title="structural insulated panel">structural insulated panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20study" title=" experimental study"> experimental study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20load" title=" lateral load"> lateral load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20tables" title=" design tables"> design tables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1605/experimental-study-of-structural-insulated-panel-under-lateral-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">727</span> A New Lateral Load Pattern for Pushover Analysis of RC Frame Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ameri">Mohammad Reza Ameri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Massumi"> Ali Massumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Haghbin"> Mohammad Haghbin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-linear static analysis, commonly referred to as pushover analysis, is a powerful tool for assessing the seismic response of structures. A suitable lateral load pattern for pushover analysis can bring the results of this simple, quick and low-cost analysis close to the realistic results of nonlinear dynamic analyses. In this research, four samples of 10- and 15 story (two- and four-bay) reinforced concrete frames were studied. The lateral load distribution patterns recommended in FEMA 273/356 guidelines were applied to the sample models in order to perform pushover analyses. The results were then compared to the results obtained from several nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses for a range of earthquakes. Finally, a lateral load distribution pattern was proposed for pushover analysis of medium-rise reinforced concrete buildings based on the results of nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20load%20pattern" title="lateral load pattern">lateral load pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20static%20analysis" title=" nonlinear static analysis"> nonlinear static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" incremental dynamic analysis"> incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium-rise%20reinforced%20concrete%20frames" title=" medium-rise reinforced concrete frames"> medium-rise reinforced concrete frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20based%20design" title=" performance based design"> performance based design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14382/a-new-lateral-load-pattern-for-pushover-analysis-of-rc-frame-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">726</span> Comparison of Double Unit Tunnel Form Building before and after Repair and Retrofit under in-Plane Cyclic Loading </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Anuar">S. A. Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Hamid"> N. H. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hashim"> M. H. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20D.%20Salleh"> S. M. D. Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper present the experimental work on the seismic performance of double unit tunnel form building (TFB) subjected to in-plane lateral cyclic loading. A one third scale of 3-storey double unit of TFB is tested at ±0.01%, ±0.1%, ±0.25%, ±0.5%, ±0.75% and ±1.0% drifts until the structure achieves its strength degradation. After that, the TFB is repaired and retrofitted using additional shear wall, steel angle and CFRP sheet. A similar testing approach is applied to the specimen after repair and retrofit. The crack patterns, lateral strength, stiffness, ductility and equivalent viscous damping (EVD) were analyzed and compared before and after repair and retrofit. The result indicates that the lateral strength increases by 22 in pushing direction and 27% in pulling direction. Moreover, the stiffness and ductility obtained before and after retrofit increase tremendously by 87.87% and 39.66%, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy absorption measured by equivalent viscous damping obtained after retrofit increase by 12.34% in pulling direction. It can be concluded that the proposed retrofit method is capable to increase the lateral strength capacity, stiffness and energy absorption of double unit TFB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20form%20building" title="tunnel form building">tunnel form building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-plane%20lateral%20cyclic%20loading" title=" in-plane lateral cyclic loading"> in-plane lateral cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20pattern" title=" crack pattern"> crack pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20strength" title=" lateral strength"> lateral strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20viscous%20damping" title=" equivalent viscous damping"> equivalent viscous damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20and%20retrofit" title=" repair and retrofit"> repair and retrofit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11546/comparison-of-double-unit-tunnel-form-building-before-and-after-repair-and-retrofit-under-in-plane-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> Femoropatellar Groove: An Anatomical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamatha%20Hosapatna">Mamatha Hosapatna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20D.%20Souza"> Anne D. Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vrinda%20Hari%20Ankolekar"> Vrinda Hari Ankolekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antony%20Sylvan%20D.%20Souza"> Antony Sylvan D. Souza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The lower extremity of the femur is characterized by an anterior groove in which patella is held during motion. This groove separates the two lips of the trochlea (medial and lateral), prolongation of the two condyles. In humans, the lateral trochlear lip is more developed than the medial one, creating an asymmetric groove that is also specific to the human body. Because of femoral obliquity, contraction of quadriceps leads to a lateral dislocation stress on the patella, and the more elevated lateral side of the patellar groove helps the patella stays in its correct place, acting as a wall against lateral dislocation. This specific shape fits an oblique femur. It is known that femoral obliquity is not genetically determined but comes with orthostatism and biped walking. Material and Methodology: To measure the various dimensions of the Femoropatellar groove (FPG) and femoral condyle using digital image analyser. 37 dried adult femora (22 right,15 left) were used for the study. End on images of the lower end of the femur was taken. Various dimensions of the Femoropatellar groove and FP angle were measured using image J software. Results were analyzed statistically. Results: Maximum of the altitude of medial condyle of the right femur is 4.98± 0.35 cm and of the left femur is 5.20±.16 cm. Maximum altitude of lateral condyle is 5.44±0.4 and 5.50±0.14 on the right and left side respectively. Medial length of the groove is 1.30±0.38 cm on the right side and on the left side is 1.88±0.16 cm. The lateral length of the groove on the right side is 1.900±.16 cm and left side is 1.88±0.16 cm. Femoropatellar angle is 136.38◦±2.59 on the right side and on the left side it is 142.38◦±7.0 Angle and dimensions of the femoropatellar groove on the medial and lateral sides were measured. Asymmetry in the patellar groove was observed. The lateral lip was found to be wider and bigger which correlated with the previous studies. An asymmetrical patellar groove with a protruding lateral side associated with an oblique femur is a specific mark of bipedal locomotion. Conclusion: Dimensions of FPG are important in maintaining the stability of patella and also in knee replacement surgeries. The implants used in to replace the patellofemoral compartment consist of a metal groove to fit on the femoral end and a plastic disc that attaches to the undersurface of the patella. The location and configuration of the patellofemoral groove of the distal femur are clinically significant in the mechanics and pathomechanics of the patellofemoral articulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20patellar%20groove" title="femoral patellar groove">femoral patellar groove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoro%20patellar%20angle" title=" femoro patellar angle"> femoro patellar angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20condyle" title=" lateral condyle"> lateral condyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medial%20condyle" title=" medial condyle "> medial condyle </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34063/femoropatellar-groove-an-anatomical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> The Effect of Compensating Filter on Image Quality in Lateral Projection of Thoracolumbar Radiography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Arda%20Adrina%20Daud">Noor Arda Adrina Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hanafi%20Ali"> Mohd Hanafi Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The compensating filter is placed between the patient and X-ray tube to compensate various density and thickness of human body. The main purpose of this project is to study the effect of compensating filter on image quality in lateral projection of thoracolumbar radiography. The study was performed by an X-ray unit where different thicknesses of aluminum were used as compensating filter. Specifically the relationship between thickness of aluminum, density and noise were evaluated. Results show different thickness of aluminum compensating filter improved the image quality of lateral projection thoracolumbar radiography. The compensating filter of 8.2 mm was considered as the optimal filter to compensate the thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), 1 mm to compensate lumbar region and 5.9 mm to compensate thorax region. The aluminum wedge compensating filter was designed resulting in an acceptable image quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensating%20filter" title="compensating filter">compensating filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20quality" title=" image quality"> image quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral" title=" lateral"> lateral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoracolumbar" title=" thoracolumbar "> thoracolumbar </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6135/the-effect-of-compensating-filter-on-image-quality-in-lateral-projection-of-thoracolumbar-radiography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Linearization of Y-Force Equation of Rigid Body Equation of Motion and Behavior of Fighter Aircraft under Imbalance Weight on Wings during Combat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Zakir">Jawad Zakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Irtiza%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Irtiza Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Shaharyar"> Rana Shaharyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Mahmood"> Sidra Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Y-force equation comprises aerodynamic forces, drag and side force with side slip angle β and weight component along with the coupled roll (φ) and pitch angles (θ). This research deals with the linearization of Y-force equation using Small Disturbance theory assuming equilibrium flight conditions for different state variables of aircraft. By using assumptions of Small Disturbance theory in non-linear Y-force equation, finally reached at linearized lateral rigid body equation of motion; which says that in linearized Y-force equation, the lateral acceleration is dependent on the other different aerodynamic and propulsive forces like vertical tail, change in roll rate (Δp) from equilibrium, change in yaw rate (Δr) from equilibrium, change in lateral velocity due to side force, drag and side force components due to side slip, and the lateral equation from coupled rotating frame to decoupled rotating frame. This paper describes implementation of this lateral linearized equation for aircraft control systems. Another significant parameter considered on which y-force equation depends is ‘c’ which shows that any change bought in the weight of aircrafts wing will cause Δφ and cause lateral force i.e. Y_c. This simplification also leads to lateral static and dynamic stability. The linearization of equations is required because much of mathematics control system design for aircraft is based on linear equations. This technique is simple and eases the linearization of the rigid body equations of motion without using any high-speed computers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y-force%20linearization" title="Y-force linearization">Y-force linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20disturbance%20theory" title=" small disturbance theory"> small disturbance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20slip" title=" side slip"> side slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20force%20drag" title=" aerodynamic force drag"> aerodynamic force drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20rigid%20body%20equation%20of%20motion" title=" lateral rigid body equation of motion"> lateral rigid body equation of motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68600/linearization-of-y-force-equation-of-rigid-body-equation-of-motion-and-behavior-of-fighter-aircraft-under-imbalance-weight-on-wings-during-combat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Seismic Performance of Two-Storey RC Frame Designed EC8 under In-Plane Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Hamid">N. H. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Azmi"> A. Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Adiyanto"> M. I. Adiyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the seismic performance of double bay two-storey reinforced concrete frame under in-plane lateral cyclic loading which designed using Eurocode 8 (EC8) by taking into account of seismic loading. The prototype model of reinforced concrete frame was constructed in one-half scale tested under in-plane lateral cyclic loading starts with ±0.2% drift, ±0.25% up to ±3.0% drift with the increment of ±0.25%. The performance of the RC frame is evaluated in terms of the hysteresis loop (load vs. displacement), stiffness, ductility, lateral strength, stress-strain relationship and equivalent viscous damping. Visual observation of the crack pattern after testing were observed where the beam- column joint suffer the most severe damage as it is the critical part in moment resisting frame. Spalling of concrete starts occurred at ±2.0% drift and become worse at ±2.5% drift. The experimental result shows that the maximum lateral strength of specimen is 99.98 kN and ductility of the specimen is µ=4.07 which lies between 3≤µ≤6 in order to withstand moderate to severe earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title="ductility">ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20viscous%20damping" title=" equivalent viscous damping"> equivalent viscous damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20loops" title=" hysteresis loops"> hysteresis loops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20strength" title=" lateral strength"> lateral strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35769/seismic-performance-of-two-storey-rc-frame-designed-ec8-under-in-plane-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Effect of Wind Braces to Earthquake Resistance of Steel Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gokdemir">H. Gokdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All structures are subject to vertical and lateral loads. Under these loads, structures make deformations and deformation values of structural elements mustn't exceed their capacity for structural stability. Especially, lateral loads cause critical deformations because of their random directions and magnitudes. Wind load is one of the lateral loads which can act in any direction and any magnitude. Although wind has nearly no effect on reinforced concrete structures, it must be considered for steel structures, roof systems and slender structures like minarets. Therefore, every structure must be able to resist wind loads acting parallel and perpendicular to any side. One of the effective methods for resisting lateral loads is assembling cross steel elements between columns which are called as wind bracing. These cross elements increases lateral rigidity of a structure and prevent exceeding of deformation capacity of the structural system. So, this means cross elements are also effective in resisting earthquake loads too. In this paper; Effects of wind bracing to earthquake resistance of structures are studied. Structure models (with and without wind bracing) are generated and these models are solved under both earthquake and wind loads with different seismic zone parameters. It is concluded by the calculations that; in low-seismic risk zones, wind bracing can easily resist earthquake loads and no additional reinforcement for earthquake loads is necessary. Similarly; in high-seismic risk zones, earthquake cross elements resist wind loads too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20bracings" title="wind bracings">wind bracings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structures" title=" steel structures"> steel structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20lateral%20loads" title=" vertical and lateral loads"> vertical and lateral loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581/effect-of-wind-braces-to-earthquake-resistance-of-steel-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Centrifuge Modeling of Monopiles Subjected to Lateral Monotonic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Khodaei">H. R. Khodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Moradi"> M. Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Tajik"> A. H. Tajik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The type of foundation commonly used today for berthing dolphins is a set of tubular steel piles with large diameters, which are known as monopiles. The design of these monopiles is based on the theories related with laterally loaded piles. One of the most common methods to analyze and design the piles subjected to lateral loads is the p-y curves. In the present study, centrifuge tests are conducted in order to obtain the p-y curves. Series of tests were designed in order to investigate the scaling laws in the centrifuge for monotonic loading. Also, two important parameters, the embedded depth L of the pile in the soil and free length e of the pile, as well as their ratios were studied via five experimental tests. Finally, the p-y curves of API are presented to be compared with the curves obtained from the tests so that the differences could be demonstrated. The results show that the p-y curves proposed by API highly overestimate the lateral load bearing capacity. It suggests that these curves need correction and modification for each site as the soil conditions change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifuge%20modeling" title="centrifuge modeling">centrifuge modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monopile" title=" monopile"> monopile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loading" title=" lateral loading"> lateral loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-y%20curves" title=" p-y curves"> p-y curves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84252/centrifuge-modeling-of-monopiles-subjected-to-lateral-monotonic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Vehicle Maneuverability on Horizontal Curves on Hilly Terrain: A Study on Shillong Highway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Choudhary">Surendra Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Tiwari"> Sapan Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The driver has two fundamental duties i) controlling the position of the vehicle along the longitudinal and lateral direction of movement ii) roadway width. Both of these duties are interdependent and are concurrently referred to as two-dimensional driver behavior. One of the main problems facing driver behavior modeling is to identify the parameters for describing the exemplary driving conduct and car maneuver under distinct traffic circumstances. Still, to date, there is no well-accepted theory that can comprehensively model the 2-D driver conduct (longitudinal and lateral). The primary objective of this research is to explore the vehicle's lateral longitudinal behavior in the heterogeneous condition of traffic on horizontal curves as well as the effect of road geometry on dynamic traffic parameters, i.e., car velocity and lateral placement. In this research, with their interrelationship, a thorough assessment of dynamic car parameters, i.e., speed, lateral acceleration, and turn radius. Also, horizontal curve road parameters, i.e., curvature radius, pavement friction, are performed. The dynamic parameters of the various types of car drivers are gathered using a VBOX GPS-based tool with high precision. The connection between dynamic car parameters and curve geometry is created after the removal of noise from the GPS trajectories. The major findings of the research are that car maneuvers with higher than the design limits of speed, acceleration, and lateral deviation on the studied curves of the highway. It can become lethal if the weather changes from dry to wet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry" title="geometry">geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuverability" title=" maneuverability"> maneuverability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain" title=" terrain"> terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory" title=" trajectory"> trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VBOX" title=" VBOX"> VBOX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111906/vehicle-maneuverability-on-horizontal-curves-on-hilly-terrain-a-study-on-shillong-highway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Generalized Limit Equilibrium Solution for the Lateral Pile Capacity Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomer%20Gans-Or">Tomer Gans-Or</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shmulik%20Pinkert"> Shmulik Pinkert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The determination of lateral pile capacity per unit length is a key aspect in geotechnical engineering. Traditional approaches for assessing piles lateral capacity in cohesive soils involve the application of upper-bound and lower-bound plasticity theorems. However, a comprehensive solution encompassing the entire spectrum of soil strength parameters, particularly in frictional soils with or without cohesion, is still lacking. This research introduces an innovative implementation of the slice method limit equilibrium solution for lateral capacity assessment. For any given numerical discretization of the soil's domain around the pile, the lateral capacity evaluation is based on mobilized strength concept. The critical failure geometry is then found by a unique optimization procedure which includes both factor of safety minimization and geometrical optimization. The robustness of this suggested methodology is that the solution is independent of any predefined assumptions. Validation of the solution is accomplished through a comparison with established plasticity solutions for cohesive soils. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the applicability of the limit equilibrium method to address unresolved cases related to frictional and cohesive-frictional soils. Beyond providing capacity values, the method enables the utilization of the mobilized strength concept to generate safety-factor distributions for scenarios representing pre-failure states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20pile%20capacity" title="lateral pile capacity">lateral pile capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slice%20method" title=" slice method"> slice method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20equilibrium" title=" limit equilibrium"> limit equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobilized%20strength" title=" mobilized strength"> mobilized strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182938/generalized-limit-equilibrium-solution-for-the-lateral-pile-capacity-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Multiple Variations of the Nerves of Gluteal Region and Their Clinical Implications, a Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Prasad">A. M. Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of variations of nerves of gluteal region is important for clinicians administering intramuscular injections, for orthopedic surgeons dealing with the hip surgeries, possibly for physiotherapists managing the painful conditions and paralysis of this region. Herein, we report multiple variations of the nerves of gluteal region. In the current case, the sciatic nerve was absent. The common peroneal and tibial nerves arose from sacral plexus and reached the gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen above and below piriformis respectively. The common peroneal nerve gave a muscular branch to the gluteus maximus. The inferior gluteal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh arose from a common trunk. The common trunk was formed by three roots. Upper and middle roots arose from sacral plexus and entered gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen respectively above and below piriformis. The lower root arose from the pudendal nerve and joined the common trunk. These variations were seen in the right gluteal region of an adult male cadaver aged approximately 70 years. Innervation of gluteus maximus by common peroneal nerve and presence of a common trunk of inferior gluteal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh make this case unique. The variant nerves may be subjected to iatrogenic injuries during surgical approach to the hip. They may also get compressed if there is a hypertrophy of the piriformis syndrome. Hence, the knowledge of these variations is of importance to clinicians, orthopedic surgeons and possibly for physiotherapists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluteal%20region" title="gluteal region">gluteal region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20variations" title=" multiple variations"> multiple variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20injury" title=" nerve injury"> nerve injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sciatic%20nerve" title=" sciatic nerve"> sciatic nerve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30346/multiple-variations-of-the-nerves-of-gluteal-region-and-their-clinical-implications-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Effects of Body Positioning on Videofluoroscopic Barium Esophagram in Healthy Cats </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeona%20Kim">Hyeona Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kichang%20Lee"> Kichang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Lee"> Seunghee Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongsu%20An"> Jeongsu An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungjun%20Min"> Kyungjun Min</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contrast videofluoroscopy is the diagnostic imaging technique for evaluating cat with dysphagia. Generally, videofluoroscopic studies have been done with the cat restrained in lateral recumbency. It is different from the neutral position such as standing or sternal recumbency which is actual swallowing posture. We hypothesized that measurement of esophageal transit and peristalsis would be affected by body position. This experimental study analyzed the imaging findings of barium esophagram in 5 cats. Each cat underwent videofluoroscopy during swallowing of liquid barium and barium-soaked kibble in standing position and lateral recumbency. Esophageal transit time and the number of esophageal peristaltic waves were compared among body positions. Transit time in the cervical esophagus (0.57s), cranial thoracic esophagus (2.5s), and caudal thoracic esophagus(1.10s) was delayed when cats were in lateral recumbency for liquid barium. For kibble, transit time was more delayed than that of liquid through the entire esophagus in lateral recumbency. Liquid and kibble frequently started to delay at thoracic inlet region, transit time in the thoracic esophagus was significantly delayed than the cervical esophagus. In standing position, 60.2% of liquid swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. In lateral recumbency, 50.5% of liquid swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. Other variables were not significantly different. Lateral body positioning increases entire esophageal transit time and thoracic esophageal transit time is most significantly delayed. Thus, lateral recumbency decreases the number of primary esophageal peristalsis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium%20esophagram" title="barium esophagram">barium esophagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20positioning" title=" body positioning"> body positioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cat" title=" cat"> cat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videofluoroscopy" title=" videofluoroscopy"> videofluoroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97132/effects-of-body-positioning-on-videofluoroscopic-barium-esophagram-in-healthy-cats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Assessing Effectiveness of Outrigger and Belt Truss System for Tall Buildings under Wind Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirand%20Anunthanakul">Nirand Anunthanakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is to investigate a 54-story reinforced concrete residential tall building structures—238.8 meters high. Shear walls, core walls, and columns are the primary vertical components. Other special lateral components—core-outrigger and belt trusses—are studied and combined with the structural system in order to increase the structural stability during severe lateral load events, particularly, wind loads. The wind tunnel tests are conducted using the force balance technique. The overall wind loads and dynamics response of the building are also measured for 360 degrees of azimuth—basis for 10-degree intervals. The results from numerical analysis indicate that an outrigger and belt truss system clearly engages perimeter columns to efficiently reduce acceleration index and lateral deformations at the top level so that the building structures achieve lateral stability, and meet standard provision values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outrigger" title="outrigger">outrigger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belt%20truss" title=" belt truss"> belt truss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20buildings" title=" tall buildings"> tall buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loadings" title=" wind loadings"> wind loadings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20826/assessing-effectiveness-of-outrigger-and-belt-truss-system-for-tall-buildings-under-wind-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Impact of Natural Period and Epicentral Distance on Storey Lateral Displacements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saida%20Dorbani">Saida Dorbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%27hammed%20Badaoui"> M'hammed Badaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djilali%20Benouar"> Djilali Benouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the effect of the building design and epicentral distance on the storey lateral displacement, for several reinforced concrete buildings (6, 9 and 12 stories), with three floor plans: symmetric, mono symmetric, and unsymmetrical. These structures are subjected to seismic accelerations from the Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May 21st, Mw=6.5). The objective of this study is to highlight the impact of the fundamental period and epicentral distance on storey displacements for a given earthquake. The seismic lateral displacement is carried out in both longitudinal and transverse direction by the response spectrum method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20period" title="natural period">natural period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epicenter%20distance" title=" epicenter distance"> epicenter distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20buildings" title=" reinforced concrete buildings"> reinforced concrete buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storey%20displacement" title=" storey displacement"> storey displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28064/impact-of-natural-period-and-epicentral-distance-on-storey-lateral-displacements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Simulation of I–V Characteristics of Lateral PIN Diode on Polysilicon Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Rabhi">Abdelaziz Rabhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amrani"> Mohamed Amrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrazek%20Ziane"> Abderrazek Ziane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Belkadi"> Nabil Belkadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelraouf%20Hocini"> Abdelraouf Hocini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a bedimensional simulation program of the electric characteristics of reverse biased lateral polysilicon PIN diode is presented. In this case we have numerically solved the system of partial differential equations formed by Poisson's equation and both continuity equations that take into account the effect of impact ionization. Therefore we will obtain the current-voltage characteristics (I-V) of the reverse-biased structure which may include the effect of breakdown.The geometrical model assumes that the polysilicon layer is composed by a succession of defined mean grain size crystallites, separated by lateral grain boundaries which are parallel to the metallurgic junction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakdown" title="breakdown">breakdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycrystalline%20silicon" title=" polycrystalline silicon"> polycrystalline silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIN" title=" PIN"> PIN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain" title=" grain"> grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20ionization" title=" impact ionization"> impact ionization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1337/simulation-of-i-v-characteristics-of-lateral-pin-diode-on-polysilicon-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Evaluation of Soil Modulus Variation by IS 2911 and Broms Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandeep%20Kamboj">Mandeep Kamboj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20R.%20Katti"> Anand R. Katti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pile of 2.4 m diameter is subjected to lateral loads and moments. These lateral loads are caused due to wind/wave forces when used in foundations of various structures such as bridge piers and high rise towers exhibiting deflections with depth. The research scientist and developer has studied and developed various procedures to evaluate the coefficient of soil modulus variation (nh), using various methods. These are verified for slender piles in sand with various diameters up to 2.4 m. The subject explains about simplified approach of the theoretical values using IS procedure and Broms method and compared with actual field soil pressure/displacement distributions measured in mono-pile along its length and across the diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title="bridge pier">bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mono-pile" title=" mono-pile"> mono-pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slender%20piles" title=" slender piles"> slender piles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81368/evaluation-of-soil-modulus-variation-by-is-2911-and-broms-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> An Application of Meta-Modeling Methods for Surrogating Lateral Dynamics Simulation in Layout-Optimization for Electric Drivetrains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Angerer">Christian Angerer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Lienkamp"> Markus Lienkamp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electric vehicles offer a high variety of possible drivetrain topologies with up to 4 motors. Multi-motor-designs can have several advantages regarding traction, vehicle dynamics, safety and even efficiency. With a rising number of motors, the whole drivetrain becomes more complex. All permutations of gearings, drivetrain-layouts, motor-types and –sizes lead up in a very large solution space. Single elements of this solution space can be analyzed by simulation methods. In addition to longitudinal vehicle behavior, which most optimization-approaches are restricted to, also lateral dynamics are important for vehicle dynamics, stability and efficiency. In order to compete large solution spaces and to find an optimal result, genetic algorithm based optimization is state-of-the-art. As lateral dynamics simulation is way more CPU-intensive, optimization takes much more time than in case of longitudinal-only simulation. Therefore, this paper shows an approach how to create meta-models from a 14-degree of freedom vehicle model in order to enable a numerically efficient drivetrain-layout optimization process under consideration of lateral dynamics. Different meta-modelling approaches such as neural networks or DoE are implemented and comparatively discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20dynamics" title="driving dynamics">driving dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drivetrain%20layout" title=" drivetrain layout"> drivetrain layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20optimization" title=" genetic optimization"> genetic optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-modeling" title=" meta-modeling"> meta-modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20dynamicx" title=" lateral dynamicx"> lateral dynamicx</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62905/an-application-of-meta-modeling-methods-for-surrogating-lateral-dynamics-simulation-in-layout-optimization-for-electric-drivetrains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Design of Rigid L-Shaped Retaining Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Rouili">Ahmed Rouili </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cantilever L-shaped walls are known to be relatively economical as retaining solution. The design starts by proportioning the wall dimensions for which the stability is checked for. A ratio between the lengths of the base and the stem, falling between 0,5 to 0,7, ensure the stability requirements in most cases. However, the displacement pattern of the wall in terms of rotations and translations, and the lateral pressure profile, do not have the same figure for all wall’s proportioning, as it is usually assumed. In the present work, the results of a numerical analysis are presented, different wall geometries were considered. The results show that the proportioning governs the equilibrium between the instantaneous rotation and the translation of the wall-toe, also, the lateral pressure estimation based on the average value between the at-rest and the active pressure, recommended by most design standards, is found to be not applicable for all walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantilever%20wall" title="cantilever wall">cantilever wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportioning" title=" proportioning"> proportioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20pressure%20estimation" title=" lateral pressure estimation "> lateral pressure estimation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1833/design-of-rigid-l-shaped-retaining-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Cohesionless Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Arora">V. K. Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20Prakash"> Suraj Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile foundations are provided to transfer the vertical and horizontal loads of superstructures like high rise buildings, bridges, offshore structures etc. to the deep strata in the soil. These vertical and horizontal loads are due to the loads coming from the superstructure and wind, water thrust, earthquake, and earth pressure, respectively. In a pile foundation, piles are used in groups. Vertical piles in a group of piles are more efficient to take vertical loads as compared to horizontal loads and when the horizontal load per pile exceeds the bearing capacity of the vertical piles in that case batter piles are used with vertical piles because batter piles can take more lateral loads than vertical piles. In this paper, a model study was conducted on three vertical pile group with single positive and negative battered pile subjected to lateral loads. The batter angle for battered piles was ±35◦ with the vertical axis. Piles were spaced at 2.5d (d=diameter of pile) to each other. The soil used for model test was cohesionless soil. Lateral loads were applied in three stages on all the pile groups individually and it was found that under the repeated action of lateral loading, the deflection of the piles increased under the same loading. After comparing the results, it was found that the pile group with positive batter pile fails at 28 kgf and the pile group with negative batter pile fails at 24 kgf so it shows that positive battered piles are stronger than the negative battered piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20piles" title="vertical piles">vertical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20battered%20piles" title=" positive battered piles"> positive battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20battered%20piles" title=" negative battered piles"> negative battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soil" title=" cohesionless soil"> cohesionless soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20test" title=" model test"> model test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428/behaviour-of-laterally-loaded-pile-groups-in-cohesionless-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Self-Weight Reduction of Tall Structures by Taper Cladding System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Dharshini%20Omprakash">Divya Dharshini Omprakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjali%20Subramani"> Anjali Subramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the tall structures are constructed using shear walls and tube systems in the recent decades. This makes the structure heavy and less resistant to lateral effects as the height of the structure goes up. This paper aims in the reduction of self-weight in tall structures by the use of Taper Cladding System (TCS) and also enumerates the construction techniques used in TCS. TCS has a tapering clad either fixed at the top or bottom of the structural core at the tapered end. This system eliminates the use of RC structural elements on the exterior of the structure and uses fewer columns only on the interior part to take up the gravity loads in order to reduce the self-weight of the structure. The self-weight reduction by TCS is 50% more compared to the present structural systems. The lateral loads on the hull will be taken care of by the tapered steel frame. Analysis were done to study the structural behaviour of taper cladded buildings subjected to lateral loads. TCS has a great impact in the construction of tall structures in seismic and dense urban areas. An effective construction management can be done by the use of Taper Cladding System. In this paper, sustainability, design considerations and implications of the system has also been discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateral%20Loads%20Resistance" title="Lateral Loads Resistance">Lateral Loads Resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20of%20self-weight" title=" reduction of self-weight"> reduction of self-weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taper%20clads" title=" taper clads"> taper clads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50301/self-weight-reduction-of-tall-structures-by-taper-cladding-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Neuron Imaging in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Bao">Sandy Bao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yankang%20Bao"> Yankang Bao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding of information that is being processed in the brain, especially in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), has been proven challenging for modern neuroscience and for researchers with a focus on how neurons process signals and images. In this paper, we are proposing a method to image process different colors within different layers of LGN, that is, green information in layers 4 & 6 and red & blue in layers 3 & 5 based on the surface dimension of layers. We take into consideration the images in LGN and visual cortex, and that the edge detected information from the visual cortex needs to be considered in order to return back to the layers of LGN, along with the image in LGN to form the new image, which will provide an improved image that is clearer, sharper, and making it easier to identify objects in the image. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) simulation is performed, and results show that the clarity of the output image has significant improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20geniculate%20nucleus" title="lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20laboratory" title=" matrix laboratory"> matrix laboratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroscience" title=" neuroscience"> neuroscience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cortex" title=" visual cortex"> visual cortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137931/neuron-imaging-in-lateral-geniculate-nucleus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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