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footprint</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: carbon footprint"> <meta name="keywords" content="carbon footprint"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="carbon footprint"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 863</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: carbon footprint</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">863</span> Role of Sequestration of CO2 Due to the Carbonation in Total CO2 Emission Balance in Concrete Life </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20P.%20Woyciechowski">P. P. Woyciechowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calculation of the carbon footprint of cement concrete is a complex process including consideration of the phase of primary life (components and concrete production processes, transportation, construction works, maintenance of concrete structures) and secondary life, including demolition and recycling. Taking into consideration the effect of concrete carbonation can lead to a reduction in the calculated carbon footprint of concrete. In this paper, an example of CO<sub>2</sub> balance for small bridge elements made of Portland cement reinforced concrete was done. The results include the effect of carbonation of concrete in a structure and of concrete rubble after demolition. It was shown that important impact of carbonation on the balance is possible only when rubble carbonation is possible. It was related to the fact that only the sequestration potential in the secondary phase of concrete life has significant value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=balance%20of%20carbon%20dioxide%20in%20nature" title=" balance of carbon dioxide in nature"> balance of carbon dioxide in nature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete%20carbonation" title=" concrete carbonation"> concrete carbonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=the%20sequestration%20potential%20of%20concrete." title=" the sequestration potential of concrete."> the sequestration potential of concrete.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/role-of-sequestration-of-co2-due-to-the-carbonation-in-total-co2-emission-balance-in-concrete-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">832</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">862</span> Embodied Carbon Footprint of Existing Malaysian Green Homes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahanim%20Abdul%20Rashid">Fahanim Abdul Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Azzam%20Ismail"> Muhammad Azzam Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Part and parcel of building green homes (GHs) with favorable thermal comfort (TC) is to design and build with reduced carbon footprint (CF) from embodied energy in the building envelope and reduced operational CF overall. Together, the environmental impact of GHs can be reduced significantly. Nevertheless, there is still a need to identify the base CF value for Malaysian GHs and this can be done by assessing existing ones which can then be compared to conventional and vernacular houses which are built differently with different building materials. This paper underlines the research design and introduces the case studies. For now, the operational CF of the case studies is beyond the scope of this study. Findings from this research could identify the best building material and construction technique combination to build GHs depending on the available skills, financial constraints and the condition of the immediate environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embodied%20carbon%20footprint" title="Embodied carbon footprint">Embodied carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysian%20green%20homes." title=" Malaysian green homes."> Malaysian green homes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/embodied-carbon-footprint-of-existing-malaysian-green-homes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">861</span> The Carbon Footprint Model as a Plea for Cities towards Energy Transition: The Case of Algiers Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hachaichi%20Mohamed%20Nour%20El-Islem">Hachaichi Mohamed Nour El-Islem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baouni%20Tahar"> Baouni Tahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Environmental sustainability rather than a trans-disciplinary and a scientific issue, is the main problem that characterizes all modern cities nowadays. In developing countries, this concern is expressed in a plethora of critical urban ills: traffic congestion, air pollution, noise, urban decay, increase in energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions which blemish cities’ landscape and might threaten citizens’ health and welfare. As in the same manner as developing world cities, the rapid growth of Algiers’ human population and increasing in city scale phenomena lead eventually to increase in daily trips, energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In addition, the lack of proper and sustainable planning of the city’s infrastructure is one of the most relevant issues from which Algiers suffers. The aim of this contribution is to estimate the carbon deficit of the City of Algiers, Algeria, using the Ecological Footprint Model (carbon footprint). In order to achieve this goal, the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> from fuel combustion has been calculated and aggregated into five sectors (agriculture, industry, residential, tertiary and transportation); as well, Algiers’ biocapacity (CO<sub>2</sub> uptake land) has been calculated to determine the ecological overshoot. This study shows that Algiers’ transport system is not sustainable and is generating more than 50% of Algiers total carbon footprint which cannot be sequestered by the local forest land. The aim of this research is to show that the Carbon Footprint Assessment might be a relevant indicator to design sustainable strategies/policies striving to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> by setting in motion the energy consumption in the transportation sector and reducing the use of fossil fuels as the main energy input.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biocapacity" title="Biocapacity">Biocapacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title=" carbon footprint"> carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ecological%20footprint%20assessment" title=" ecological footprint assessment"> ecological footprint assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20consumption." title=" energy consumption."> energy consumption.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/the-carbon-footprint-model-as-a-plea-for-cities-towards-energy-transition-the-case-of-algiers-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">904</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">860</span> An Analysis of Eco-efficiency and GHG Emission of Olive Oil Production in Northeast of Portugal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Feliciano">M. Feliciano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Maia"> F. Maia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> A. Gonçalves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Olive oil production sector plays an important role in Portuguese economy. It had a major growth over the last decade, increasing its weight in the overall national exports. International market penetration for Mediterranean traditional products is increasingly more demanding, especially in the Northern European markets, where consumers are looking for more sustainable products. Trying to support this growing demand this study addresses olive oil production under the environmental and eco-efficiency perspectives. The analysis considers two consecutive product life cycle stages: olive trees farming; and olive oil extraction in mills. Addressing olive farming, data collection covered two different organizations: a middle-size farm (~12ha) (F1) and a large-size farm (~100ha) (F2). Results from both farms show that olive collection activities are responsible for the largest amounts of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions. In this activities, estimate for the Carbon Footprint per olive was higher in F2 (188g CO<sub>2</sub>e/kg<sub>olive</sub>) than in F1 (148g CO<sub>2</sub>e/kg<sub>olive</sub>). Considering olive oil extraction, two different mills were considered: one using a two-phase system (2P) and other with a three-phase system (3P). Results from the study of two mills show that there is a much higher use of water in 3P. Energy intensity (EI) is similar in both mills. When evaluating the GHG generated, two conditions are evaluated: a biomass neutral condition resulting on a carbon footprint higher in 3P (184g CO<sub>2</sub>e/L<sub>olive oil</sub>) than in 2P (92g CO<sub>2</sub>e/L<sub>olive oil</sub>); and a non-neutral biomass condition in which 2P increase its carbon footprint to 273g CO<sub>2</sub>e/L<sub>olive oil</sub>. When addressing the carbon footprint of possible combinations among studied subsystems, results suggest that olive harvesting is the major source for GHG.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20indicators" title=" environmental indicators"> environmental indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=farming%20subsystem" title=" farming subsystem"> farming subsystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=industrial%20subsystem" title=" industrial subsystem"> industrial subsystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=olive%20oil." title=" olive oil. "> olive oil. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/an-analysis-of-eco-efficiency-and-ghg-emission-of-olive-oil-production-in-northeast-of-portugal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2917</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">859</span> Analyzing the Effect of Materials’ Selection on Energy Saving and Carbon Footprint: A Case Study Simulation of Concrete Structure Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kouhirostamkolaei">M. Kouhirostamkolaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kouhirostami"> M. Kouhirostami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sam"> M. Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Woo"> J. Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20T.%20Asutosh"> A. T. Asutosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Li"> J. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kibert"> C. Kibert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Construction is one of the most energy consumed activities in the urban environment that results in a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Thus, the impact of the construction industry on global warming is undeniable. Thus, reducing building energy consumption and mitigating carbon production can slow the rate of global warming. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of energy consumption and carbon dioxide production during the operation phase and the impact of using new shells on energy saving and carbon footprint. Therefore, a residential building with a re-enforced concrete structure is selected in Babolsar, Iran. DesignBuilder software has been used for one year of building operation to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide production and energy consumption in the operation phase of the building. The primary results show the building use 61750 kWh of energy each year. Computer simulation analyzes the effect of changing building shells -using XPS polystyrene and new electrochromic windows- as well as changing the type of lighting on energy consumption reduction and subsequent carbon dioxide production. The results show that the amount of energy and carbon production during building operation has been reduced by approximately 70% by applying the proposed changes. The changes reduce CO<sub>2</sub>e to 11345 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/yr. The result of this study helps designers and engineers to consider material selection’s process as one of the most important stages of design for improving energy performance of buildings.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Construction%20materials" title="Construction materials">Construction materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=green%20construction" title=" green construction"> green construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20simulation" title=" energy simulation"> energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title=" carbon footprint"> carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete%20structure" title=" concrete structure"> concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DesignBuilder." title=" DesignBuilder."> DesignBuilder.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/analyzing-the-effect-of-materials-selection-on-energy-saving-and-carbon-footprint-a-case-study-simulation-of-concrete-structure-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">993</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">858</span> A Carbon Footprint Analysis of Rapeseed Oil and Rapeseed Methyl Ester Produced in Romania as Fuels for Diesel Engines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R-C.Buturca">R-C.Buturca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Gasol"> C. Gasol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Scarpete"> D. Scarpete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X.%20Gabarrell"> X. Gabarrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Considering the increasing need of biofuels in Europe and the legislative requirements of the European Union it is needed to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels life cycle. In this article a carbon footprint analysis to quantify these gases emitted during production and use of Romanian rapeseed oil (RO) and biodiesel from rapeseed oil (RME) was conducted. The functional unit was considered the LHV of diesel oil of 42.8 MJ·kg<sup>-1</sup> corresponding to 1.15kg. of RO and 1.10 kg. of RME. When the 3 fuels were compared, the results show important benefits when using rapeseed oil or biodiesel instead of diesel. The most impacting stage in terms of GHG emissions is the use of the fuels. In this stage, rapeseed oil registers a total quantity of 3,229 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq.·FU<sup>-1</sup> and biodiesel register a total quantity of 3,088 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq.·FU<sup>-1</sup> while mineral diesel registers a total quantity of 3,156 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq.·FU<sup>-1</sup> emitted in the air. Taking into account that rape plant absorbed during growth stage the same quantity of CO<sub>2</sub> as emitted into atmosphere during usage stage of the fuel, when compared the three fuels, rapeseed oil and biodiesel obtain obvious benefits against fossil diesel. Results show that by substituting diesel with RO a total quantity of 5,663 kg. CO<sub>2</sub>eq.·FU<sup>-1</sup> would be saved while using biodiesel a total quantity of 5,570 kg. CO<sub>2</sub>eq.·FU<sup>-1</sup> can be saved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title=" carbon footprint"> carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rapeseed." title=" rapeseed."> rapeseed.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/a-carbon-footprint-analysis-of-rapeseed-oil-and-rapeseed-methyl-ester-produced-in-romania-as-fuels-for-diesel-engines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3760</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">857</span> Container Chaos: The Impact of a Casual Game on Learning and Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lori%20L.%20Scarlatos">Lori L. Scarlatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ryan%20Courtney"> Ryan Courtney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper explores the impact that playing a casual game can have on a player's learning and subsequent behavior. A casual mobile game, Container Chaos, was created to teach undergraduate students about the carbon footprint of various disposable beverage containers. Learning was tested with a short quiz, and behavior was tested by observing which beverage containers players choose when offered a drink and a snack. The game was tested multiple times, under a variety of different circumstances. Findings of these tests indicate that, with extended play over time, players can learn new information and sometimes even change their behavior as a result. This has implications for how other casual games can be used to teach concepts and possibly modify behavior.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title=" carbon footprint"> carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=casual%20games" title=" casual games"> casual games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=material%20sciences." title=" material sciences."> material sciences.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/container-chaos-the-impact-of-a-casual-game-on-learning-and-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">940</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">856</span> Implementation of Environmental Sustainability into Event Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C3%96zlem%20K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkak%C3%A7a">Özlem Küçükakça</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world population is rapidly growing. In the last few decades, environmental protection and climate change have been remarked as a global concern. All events have their own ecological footprint. Therefore, all participants who take part in the events, from event organizer to audience should be responsible for reducing carbon emissions. Currently, there is a literature gap which investigates the relationship between events and environment. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate how to implement environmental sustainability in the event management. Therefore, a wide literature and also the UK festivals database have been investigated. Finally, environmental effects and the solution of reducing impacts at events were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ecological%20footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=events" title=" events"> events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainability." title=" sustainability."> sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/implementation-of-environmental-sustainability-into-event-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">855</span> The Strategy of Creating a Virtual Interactive Platform for the Low-Carbon Open Innovations Relay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mykola%20S.%20Shestavin">Mykola S. Shestavin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A strategy for the creation of a Virtual Interactive Platform (or Networking Platform) to combine the four web-baseness of expert systems on the transfer and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. It used the concept of “Open Innovation” and “Triple Helix” with regard to theories of “Green Growth” and “Carbon Footprint”. Interpreters expert systems operate on the basis of models of the “Predator-Prey” for the process of transfer and diffusion of technologies, taking into account the features caused by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Climate%20Change" title="Climate Change">Climate Change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expert%20Systems" title=" Expert Systems"> Expert Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Low-Carbon%20Technology" title=" Low-Carbon Technology"> Low-Carbon Technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Open%20Innovation" title=" Open Innovation"> Open Innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Virtual%20Interactive%20Platform." title=" Virtual Interactive Platform. "> Virtual Interactive Platform. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/the-strategy-of-creating-a-virtual-interactive-platform-for-the-low-carbon-open-innovations-relay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1893</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Expressway Passenger Transport Service: A Case Study of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Watchara%20Surawong">Watchara Surawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheema%20Soralumn"> Cheema Soralumn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This research work is concerned with the life cycle assessment (LCA) of an expressway, as well as its infrastructure, in Thailand. The life cycle of an expressway encompasses the raw material acquisition phase, the construction phase, the use or service phase, the rehabilitation phase, and finally the demolition and disposal phase. The LCA in this research was carried out using CML baseline 2000 and in accordance with the ISO 14040 standard. A functional unit refers to transportation of one person over one kilometer of a 3-lane expressway with a 50-year lifetime. This research has revealed that the construction phase produced the largest proportion of the environmental impact (81.46%), followed by the service, rehabilitation, demolition and disposal phases and transportation at 11.97%, 3.72% 0.33% and 2.52%, respectively. For the expressway under study, the total carbon footprint over its lifetime is equivalent to 245,639 tons CO2-eq per 1 kilometer functional unit, with the phases of construction, service, rehabilitation, demolition and disposal and transportation contributing 153,690; 73,773; 3693, 755 and 13,728 tons CO2-eq, respectively. The findings could be adopted as a benchmark against which the environmental impacts of future similar projects can be measured.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20impact%20assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">Environmental impact assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Life%20cycle%0D%0Aassessment" title=" Life cycle assessment"> Life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LCA" title=" LCA"> LCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expressway%20passenger%20transport%20service" title=" Expressway passenger transport service"> Expressway passenger transport service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%0D%0Afootprint" title=" Carbon footprint"> Carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eco-friendly%20expressway." title=" Eco-friendly expressway."> Eco-friendly expressway.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/life-cycle-assessment-of-expressway-passenger-transport-service-a-case-study-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Implementing Green IT Practices in Non-IT Industries in Sri Lanka: Contemplating the Feasibility and Methods to Ensure Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manuela%20Nayantara%20Jeyaraj">Manuela Nayantara Jeyaraj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Green IT is a term that refers to the collective strategic and tactical practices that unswervingly condense the carbon footprint to a diminished proportion in an establishment’s computing procedures. This concept has been tightly knit with IT related organizations; hence it has been precluded to be applied within non-IT organizations in Sri Lanka. With the turn of the century, computing technologies have taken over commonplace activities in every nook and corner in Sri Lanka, which is still on the verge of moving forth in its march towards being a developed country. Hence, it needs to be recursively proven that non-IT industries are well-bound to adhere to ‘Green IT’ practices as well, in order to reduce their carbon footprint and move towards considering the practicality of implementing Green-IT practices within their work-arounds. There are several spheres that need to be taken into account in creating awareness of ‘Green IT’, such as the economic breach, technologies available, legislative bounds, community mind-set and many more. This paper tends to reconnoiter causes that currently restrain non-IT organizations from considering Green IT concepts. By doing so, it is expected to prove the beneficial providence gained by implementing this concept within the organization. The ultimate goal is to propose feasible ‘Green IT’ practices that could be implemented within the context of Sri Lankan non-IT sectors in order to ensure that organization’s sustainable growth towards a long term existence.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computing%20practices" title="Computing practices">Computing practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=green%20IT" title=" green IT"> green IT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-IT%20industries" title=" non-IT industries"> non-IT industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sri%20Lanka" title=" Sri Lanka"> Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainability." title=" sustainability."> sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/implementing-green-it-practices-in-non-it-industries-in-sri-lanka-contemplating-the-feasibility-and-methods-to-ensure-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1067</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Methodologies for Management of Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study in Jalapão/Tocantins/Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mary%20L.%20G.%20S.%20Senna">Mary L. G. S. Senna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Veruska%20C.%20Dutra"> Veruska C. Dutra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Afonso%20R.%20Aquino"> Afonso R. Aquino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is in application and analysis of two tourism management tools that can contribute to making public managers decision: the Barometer of Tourism Sustainability (BTS) and the Ecological Footprint (EF). The results have shown that BTS allows you to have an integrated view of the tourism system, awakening to the need for planning of appropriate actions so that it can achieve the positive scale proposed (potentially sustainable). Already the methodology of ecological tourism footprint is an important tool to measure potential impacts generated by tourism to tourist reality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Barometer%20of%20tourism%20sustainability" title="Barometer of tourism sustainability">Barometer of tourism sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ecological%0D%0Afootprint%20of%20tourism" title=" ecological footprint of tourism"> ecological footprint of tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalap%C3%A3o%2FBrazil" title=" Jalapão/Brazil"> Jalapão/Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%20tourism." title=" sustainable tourism."> sustainable tourism.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/methodologies-for-management-of-sustainable-tourism-a-case-study-in-jalapaotocantinsbrazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4837</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Beneficiation of Pyrolitic Carbon Black</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa">Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edison%20Muzenda"> Edison Muzenda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This research investigated treatment of crude carbon black produced from pyrolysis of waste tyres in order to evaluate its quality and possible industrial applications. A representative sample of crude carbon black was dry screened to determine the initial particle size distribution. This was followed by pulverizing the crude carbon black and leaching in hot concentrated sulphuric acid for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants. Analysis of the refined carbon black showed a significant improvement of the product quality compared to crude carbon black. It was discovered that refined carbon black can be further classified into multiple high value products for various industrial applications such as filler, paint pigment, activated carbon and fuel briquettes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activated%20Carbon" title="Activated Carbon">Activated Carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Briquettes" title=" Briquettes"> Briquettes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuel" title=" Fuel"> Fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Filler" title=" Filler"> Filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pyrolysis." title=" Pyrolysis. "> Pyrolysis. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/beneficiation-of-pyrolitic-carbon-black" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10007</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> The Evaluation of Low-Carbon Economy Jiangsu, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qiu%20Dong-Fang">Qiu Dong-Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Bao-bao"> Li Bao-bao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Min%20Xing"> Min Xing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Low-carbon economy means the energy conservation and emission reduction. How to measure and evaluate the regional low-carbon economy is an important problem which should be solved immediately. This paper proposed the eco-efficiency ratio based on the ecological efficiency to evaluate the current situation of the low-carbon economy in Jiangsu province and to analyze the efficiency of the low-carbon economy in Jiangsu and other provinces, compared both advantages and disadvantages. And then this paper put forward some advices for the government to formulate the correct development policy of low-carbon economy, to improve the technology innovation capacity and the efficiency of resource allocation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eco-efficiency%20ratio" title="Eco-efficiency ratio">Eco-efficiency ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiangsu" title=" Jiangsu"> Jiangsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low-carbon%20economy." title=" low-carbon economy."> low-carbon economy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/the-evaluation-of-low-carbon-economy-jiangsu-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Insertion of Thiazolidinediones into Carbon Nanotube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behnoush%20Zare">Behnoush Zare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mojdeh%20Akhavan"> Mojdeh Akhavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Reza%20Dehpour"> Ahmad Reza Dehpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study we investigate the insertion of pioglitazone, a Thiazolidinedione, into the two different sizes of Carbon nanotub. It was shown that the insertion of pioglitazone into the carbon nanotube in a water solute environment could be related to the diameter of the nanotube and in the flow of the waters via hydrophilic interactions. This encapsulated drug-carbon nanotube molecule can be further applicable in other investigations in target therapy with these agents regarding to reduce their potential toxic effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20Nanotube" title="Carbon Nanotube">Carbon Nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD%20Simulation" title=" MD Simulation"> MD Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thiazolidinedions" title=" Thiazolidinedions"> Thiazolidinedions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/insertion-of-thiazolidinediones-into-carbon-nanotube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1827</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> The Carbon Trading Price and Trading Volume Forecast in Shanghai City by BP Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liu%20Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun%20Zongdi"> Sun Zongdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the BP neural network model is established to predict the carbon trading price and carbon trading volume in Shanghai City. First of all, we find the data of carbon trading price and carbon trading volume in Shanghai City from September 30, 2015 to December 23, 2016. The carbon trading price and trading volume data were processed to get the average value of each 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 carbon trading price and trading volume. Then, these data are used as input of BP neural network model. Finally, after the training of BP neural network, the prediction values of Shanghai carbon trading price and trading volume are obtained, and the model is tested.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20trading%20price" title="Carbon trading price">Carbon trading price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20trading%20volume" title=" carbon trading volume"> carbon trading volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BP%20neural%20network%20model" title=" BP neural network model"> BP neural network model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shanghai%20City." title=" Shanghai City. "> Shanghai City. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/the-carbon-trading-price-and-trading-volume-forecast-in-shanghai-city-by-bp-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> JENOSYS: Application of a Web-Based Online Energy Performance Reporting Tool for Government Buildings in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norhayati%20Mat%20Wajid">Norhayati Mat Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Murad%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Abdul Murad Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faiz%20Fadzil"> Faiz Fadzil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Yusof%20Aizad%20Mukhtar"> Mohd Yusof Aizad Mukhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the areas that present an opportunity to reduce the national carbon emission is the energy management of public buildings. To our present knowledge, there is no easy-to-use and centralized mechanism that enables the government to monitor the overall energy performance, as well as the carbon footprint, of Malaysia’s public buildings. Therefore, the Public Works Department Malaysia, or PWD, has developed a web-based energy performance reporting tool called JENOSYS (JKR Energy Online System), which incorporates a database of utility account numbers acquired from the utility service provider for analysis and reporting. For test case purposes, 23 buildings under PWD were selected and monitored for their monthly energy performance (in kWh), carbon emission reduction (in tCO₂eq) and utility cost (in MYR), against the baseline. This paper demonstrates the simplicity with which buildings without energy metering can be monitored centrally and the benefits that can be accrued by the government in terms of building energy disclosure and concludes with the recommendation of expanding the system to all the public buildings in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy-efficient%20buildings.%20energy%20management%20systems" title="Energy-efficient buildings. energy management systems">Energy-efficient buildings. energy management systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=government%20buildings" title=" government buildings"> government buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=JENOSYS." title=" JENOSYS."> JENOSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/jenosys-application-of-a-web-based-online-energy-performance-reporting-tool-for-government-buildings-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">932</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> Investigation on the Feasibility of Composite Coil Spring for Automotive Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Abdul%20Budan">D. Abdul Budan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.S.%20Manjunatha"> T.S. Manjunatha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper demonstrates the feasibility of replacing the metal coil spring with the composite coil spring. Three different types of springs were made using glass fiber, carbon fiber and combination of glass fiber and carbon fiber. The objective of the study is to reduce the weight of the spring. According to the experimental results the spring rate of the carbon fiber spring is 34% more than the glass fiber spring and 45% more than the glass fiber/carbon fiber spring. The weight of the carbon fiber spring is 18% less than the glass fiber spring, 15% less than the Glass fiber/carbon fiber spring and 80% less than the steel spring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20fiber" title="Carbon fiber">Carbon fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glass%20fiber" title=" Glass fiber"> Glass fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helical%20composite%20spring" title=" Helical composite spring"> Helical composite spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spring%20rate." title="spring rate.">spring rate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/investigation-on-the-feasibility-of-composite-coil-spring-for-automotive-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Produced Gas Conversion of Microwave Carbon Receptor Reforming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Young%20Nam%20Chun">Young Nam Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mun%20Sup%20Lim"> Mun Sup Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Carbon dioxide and methane, the major components of biomass pyrolysis/gasification gas and biogas, top the list of substances that cause climate change, but they are also among the most important renewable energy sources in modern society. The purpose of this study is to convert carbon dioxide and methane into high-quality energy using char and commercial activated carbon obtained from biomass pyrolysis as a microwave receptor. The methane reforming process produces hydrogen and carbon. This carbon is deposited in the pores of the microwave receptor and lowers catalytic activity, thereby reducing the methane conversion rate. The deposited carbon was removed by carbon gasification due to the supply of carbon dioxide, which solved the problem of microwave receptor inactivity. In particular, the conversion rate remained stable at over 90% when the ratio of carbon dioxide to methane was 1:1. When the reforming results of carbon dioxide and methane were compared after fabricating nickel and iron catalysts using commercial activated carbon as a carrier, the conversion rate was higher in the iron catalyst than in the nickel catalyst and when no catalyst was used. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20reforming" title=" gas reforming"> gas reforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave%20receptor" title=" microwave receptor"> microwave receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=catalyst." title=" catalyst."> catalyst.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/produced-gas-conversion-of-microwave-carbon-receptor-reforming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1050</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanostructures in Strong Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kalbac">M. Kalbac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Verhagen"> T. Verhagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Drogowska"> K. Drogowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Vejpravova"> J. Vejpravova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>One- and two-dimensional carbon nanostructures with sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms (single walled carbon nanotubes and graphene) are promising materials in future electronic and spintronics devices due to specific character of their electronic structure. In this paper we present a comparative study of graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes by Raman spectro-microscopy in strong magnetic field. This unique method allows to study changes in electronic band structure of the two types of carbon nanostructures induced by a strong magnetic field.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20nanostructures" title="Carbon nanostructures">Carbon nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raman%0D%0Aspectroscopy." title=" Raman spectroscopy."> Raman spectroscopy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/raman-spectroscopy-of-carbon-nanostructures-in-strong-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2651</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Estimation of Carbon Released From Dry Dipterocarp Forest Fire in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ubonwan%20Chaiyo">Ubonwan Chaiyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yannick%20Pizzo"> Yannick Pizzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Savitri%20Garivait"> Savitri Garivait</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study focused on the estimation of carbon released to the atmosphere from dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) fires in Thailand. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a cone calorimeter to simulate the DDF fires. The leaf litter collected from DDF in western Thailand was used as biomass fuel. Three different masses of leaf litter were employed, 7g, 10g and 13g, to estimate the carbon released from this type of vegetation fire to the atmosphere. The chemical analysis of the leaf litter showed that the carbon content in the experimental biomass fuel was 46.0±0.1%. From the experiments, it was found that more than 95% of the carbon input was converted to carbon released to the atmosphere, while less than 5% were left in the form of residues, and returned to soil. From the study, the carbon released amounted 440.213±2.243 g/kg<sub>dry biomass</sub>, and the carbon retained in the residues was 19.786±2.243 g/kg<sub>dry biomass</sub>. The quantity of biomass fuel consumed to produce 1 g of carbon released was 2.27±0.01gkg<sub>dry biomass</sub>. Using these experimental data of carbon produced by the DDF fires, it was estimated that this type of fires in 2009 contributed to 4.659 tonnes of carbon released to the atmosphere, and 0.229 tonnes of carbon in the residues to be returned to soil in Thailand.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20mass%20balance" title="Carbon mass balance">Carbon mass balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20released" title=" carbon released"> carbon released</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tropical%20dry%20dipterocarp%20forest" title=" tropical dry dipterocarp forest"> tropical dry dipterocarp forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biomass%20bunring." title=" biomass bunring."> biomass bunring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/estimation-of-carbon-released-from-dry-dipterocarp-forest-fire-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Statistically Significant Differences of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Emission in Photocopying Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kiurski%20S.%20Jelena">Kiurski S. Jelena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keci%C4%87%20S.%20Vesna"> Kecić S. Vesna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oros%20B.%20Ivana"> Oros B. Ivana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental results confirmed the temporal variation of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentration during the working shift of the photocopying process in a small photocopying shop in Novi Sad, Serbia. The statistically significant differences of target gases were examined with two-way analysis of variance without replication followed by Scheffe's <em>post hoc</em> test. The existence of statistically significant differences was obtained for carbon monoxide emission which is pointed out with <em>F</em>-values (12.37 and 31.88) greater than <em>F<sub>crit</sub></em> (6.94) in contrary to carbon dioxide emission (<em>F</em>-values of 1.23 and 3.12 were less than <em>F<sub>crit</sub></em>).  Scheffe's <em>post hoc</em> test indicated that sampling point A (near the photocopier machine) and second time interval contribute the most on carbon monoxide emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analysis%20of%20variance" title="Analysis of variance">Analysis of variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20monoxide" title=" carbon monoxide"> carbon monoxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photocopying%20indoor" title=" photocopying indoor"> photocopying indoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scheffe%27s%20test" title=" Scheffe's test "> Scheffe's test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/statistically-significant-differences-of-carbon-dioxide-and-carbon-monoxide-emission-in-photocopying-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> The Low-carbon Transition Exploration of China's Traditional Manufacturing Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heng%20Ma">Heng Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Aiming at the problems existing in low-carbon technology of Chinese manufacturing industries, such as irrational energy structure, lack of technological innovation, financial constraints, this paper puts forward the suggestion that the leading role of the government is combined with the roles of enterprises and market. That is, through increasing the governmental funding the adjustment of the industrial structures and enhancement of the legal supervision are supported. Technological innovation is accelerated by the enterprises, and the carbon trading will be promoted so as to trigger the low-carbon revolution in Chinese manufacturing field.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Low-carbon%20economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traditional%20manufacturing%20industry" title=" traditional manufacturing industry"> traditional manufacturing industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=industrial%20structure" title=" industrial structure"> industrial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20emission%20reduction." title=" carbon emission reduction."> carbon emission reduction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/the-low-carbon-transition-exploration-of-chinas-traditional-manufacturing-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> The Effect of Unburned Carbon on Coal Fly Ash toward its Adsorption Capacity for Methyl Violet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Widi%20Astuti">Widi Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agus%20Prasetya"> Agus Prasetya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Endang%20Tri%20Wahyuni"> Endang Tri Wahyuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%20Made%20Bendiyasa"> I Made Bendiyasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal fly ash (CFA) generated by coal-based thermal power plants is mainly composed of quartz, mullite, and unburned carbon. In this study, the effect of unburned carbon on CFA toward its adsorption capacity was investigated. CFA with various carbon content was obtained by refluxing it with sulfuric acid having various concentration at various temperature and reflux time, by heating at 400-800°C, and by sieving into 100-mesh in particle size. To evaluate the effect of unburned carbon on CFA toward its adsorption capacity, adsorption of methyl violet solution with treated CFA was carried out. The research shows that unburned carbon leads to adsorption capacity decrease. The highest adsorption capacity of treated CFA was found 5.73 x 10-4mol.g-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFA" title="CFA">CFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methyl%20violet" title=" methyl violet"> methyl violet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adsorption%20capacity." title=" adsorption capacity."> adsorption capacity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/the-effect-of-unburned-carbon-on-coal-fly-ash-toward-its-adsorption-capacity-for-methyl-violet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Effect of Open Burning on Soil Carbon Stock in Sugarcane Plantation in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wilaiwan%20Sornpoon">Wilaiwan Sornpoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S%C3%A9bastien%20Bonnet"> Sébastien Bonnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Savitri%20Garivait"> Savitri Garivait</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Open burning of sugarcane fields is recognized to have a negative impact on soil by degrading its properties, especially soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Better understating the effect of open burning on soil carbon dynamics is crucial for documenting the carbon sequestration capacity of agricultural soils. In this study, experiments to investigate soil carbon stocks under burned and unburned sugarcane plantation systems in Thailand were conducted. The results showed that cultivation fields without open burning during 5 consecutive years enabled to increase the SOC content at a rate of 1.37 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>y<sup>-1</sup>. Also it was found that sugarcane fields burning led to about 15% reduction of the total carbon stock in the 0-30 cm soil layer. The overall increase in SOC under unburned practice is mainly due to the large input of organic material through the use of sugarcane residues. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soil%20organic%20carbon" title="Soil organic carbon">Soil organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soil%20inorganic%20carbon" title=" Soil inorganic carbon"> Soil inorganic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20sequestration" title=" Carbon sequestration"> Carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Open%20burning" title=" Open burning"> Open burning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sugarcane." title=" Sugarcane."> Sugarcane.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/effect-of-open-burning-on-soil-carbon-stock-in-sugarcane-plantation-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> A Consumption-Based Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprints in California: High Footprints in Small Urban Households </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jukka%20Heinonen">Jukka Heinonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Higher density reduces distances, private car dependency and thus reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). As a result, increased density has been given a central role among urban development targets. However, it is not just travel behavior that changes along with density. Rather, the consumption patterns, or overall lifestyles, change along with changing urban structure, particularly with changing housing types and consumption opportunities. Furthermore, elevated consumption of services, more frequent flying and less intra-household sharing have been shown to potentially outweigh the gains from reduced driving in more dense urban settlements. In this study, the geography of carbon footprints (CFs) in California is analyzed paying close attention to the household size differences and the resulting economies-of-scale advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) framework is employed together with consumer expenditure data to assess the CFs. According to the study, small urban households have the highest CFs in California. Their transport related emissions are significantly lower than those of the residents of less urbanized areas, but higher emissions from other consumption categories, together with the low degree of sharing of goods, overweigh the gains. Two functional units, per capita and per household, are used to analyze the CFs and to demonstrate the importance of household size. The lifestyle impacts visible through the consumption data are also discussed. The study suggests that there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the premises of low-carbon human settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=household%20size" title=" household size"> household size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=economies-of-scale." title=" economies-of-scale. "> economies-of-scale. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/a-consumption-based-hybrid-life-cycle-assessment-of-carbon-footprints-in-california-high-footprints-in-small-urban-households" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> Efficiency of Modified Granular Activated Carbon Coupled with Membrane Bioreactor for Trace Organic Contaminants Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mousaab%20Alrhmoun">Mousaab Alrhmoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magali%20Casellas"> Magali Casellas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michel%20Baudu"> Michel Baudu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Christophe%20Dagot"> Christophe Dagot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of the study is to improve removal of trace organic contaminants dissolved in activated sludge by the process of filtration with membrane bioreactor combined with modified activated carbon, for a maximum removal of organic compounds characterized by low molecular weight. Special treatment was conducted in laboratory on activated carbon. Tow reaction parameters: the pH of aqueous middle and the type of granular activated carbon were very important to improve the removal and to motivate the electrostatic Interactions of organic compounds with modified activated carbon in addition to physical adsorption, ligand exchange or complexation on the surface activated carbon. The results indicate that modified activated carbon has a strong impact in removal 21 of organic contaminants and in percentage of 100% of the process.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activated%20carbon" title="Activated carbon">Activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20contaminants" title=" organic contaminants"> organic contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Membrane%20bioreactor." title=" Membrane bioreactor."> Membrane bioreactor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/efficiency-of-modified-granular-activated-carbon-coupled-with-membrane-bioreactor-for-trace-organic-contaminants-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3053</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> The Effect of Carbon on Molybdenum in the Preparation of Microwave Induced Molybdenum Carbide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abd.%20Rahim%20Yacob">Abd. Rahim Yacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Khairul%20Asyraf%20Amat%20Mustajab"> Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurshaira%20Haifa%20Suhaimi"> Nurshaira Haifa Suhaimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study shows the effect of carbon towards molybdenum carbide alloy when exposed to Microwave. This technique is also known as Microwave Induced Alloying (MIA) for the preparation of molybdenum carbide. In this study ammonium heptamolybdate solution and carbon black powder were heterogeneously mixed and exposed to microwave irradiation for 2 minutes. The effect on amount of carbon towards the produced alloy on morphological and oxidation states changes during microwave is presented. In this experiment, it is expected carbon act as a reducing agent with the ratio 2:7 molybdenum to carbon as the optimum for the production of molybdenum carbide alloy. All the morphological transformations and changes in this experiment were followed and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction and FESEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molybdenum%20carbide" title=" molybdenum carbide"> molybdenum carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave%20induced%0Aalloying." title=" microwave induced alloying."> microwave induced alloying.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/the-effect-of-carbon-on-molybdenum-in-the-preparation-of-microwave-induced-molybdenum-carbide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Carbon Nanotubes with Magnetic Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Svitlana%20Kopyl">Svitlana Kopyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vladimir%20Bystrov"> Vladimir Bystrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mikhail%20Maiorov"> Mikhail Maiorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manuel%20Valente"> Manuel Valente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Igor%20Bdikin"> Igor Bdikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antonio%20C.M.%20Sousa"> Antonio C.M. Sousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic carbon nanotubes composites were obtained by filling carbon nanotubes with paramagnetic iron oxide particles. Detailed investigation of magnetic behaviour of resulting composites was done at different temperatures. Measurements indicate that these functionalized nanotubes are superparamagnetic at room temperature; however, no superparamagnetism was observed at 125 K and 80 K. The blocking temperature TB was estimated at 145 K. These magnetic carbon nanotubes have the potential of being used in a wide range of applications, in particular, the production of nanofluids, which can be controlled and steered by appropriate magnetic fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title=" magnetic nanoparticles"> magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetization" title=" magnetization"> magnetization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/carbon-nanotubes-with-magnetic-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2680</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> Improving Carbon Sequestration in Concrete: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adedokun%20D.%20A.">Adedokun D. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ndambuki%20J.%20M."> Ndambuki J. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20R.%20W."> Salim R. W.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Due to urbanization, trees and plants which covered a great land mass of the earth and are an excellent carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber through photosynthesis are being replaced by several concrete based structures. It is therefore important to have these cement based structures absorb the large volume of carbon dioxide which the trees would have removed from the atmosphere during their useful lifespan. Hence the need for these cement based structures to be designed to serve other useful purposes in addition to shelter. This paper reviews the properties of Sodium carbonate and sugar as admixtures in concrete with respect to improving carbon sequestration in concrete.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sodium%20carbonate" title=" Sodium carbonate"> Sodium carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sugar" title=" Sugar"> Sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20dioxide." title=" Carbon dioxide."> Carbon dioxide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/improving-carbon-sequestration-in-concrete-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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