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modifications</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: skin modifications"> <meta name="keywords" content="skin modifications"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="skin modifications"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1543</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: skin modifications</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1303</span> Prognosis, Clinical Outcomes and Short Term Survival Analyses of Patients with Cutaneous Melanomas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Shakeel">Osama Shakeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the paper is to study the clinic-pathological factors, survival analyses, recurrence rate, metastatic rate, risk factors and the management of cutaneous malignant melanoma at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center. Methodology: From 2014 to 2017, all patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) were included in the study. Demographic variables were collected. Short and long term oncological outcomes were recorded. All data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in the study. Median age was 46.5 +/-15.9 years. There were 16 male and 12 female patients. The family history of melanoma was present in 7.1% (n=2) of the patients. All patients had a mean survival of 13.43+/- 9.09 months. Lower limb was the commonest site among all which constitutes 46.4%(n=13). On histopathological analyses, ulceration was seen in 53.6% (n=15) patients. Unclassified tumor type was present in 75%(n=21) of the patients followed by nodular 21.4% (n=6) and superficial spreading 3.5%(n=1). Clark level IV was the commonest presentation constituting 46.4%(n=13). Metastases were seen in 50%(n=14) of the patients. Local recurrence was observed in 60.7%(n=17). 64.3%(n=18) lived after one year of treatment. Conclusion: CMM is a fatal disease. Although its disease of fair skin individuals, however, the incidence of CMM is also rising in this part of the world. Management includes early diagnoses and prompt management. However, mortality associated with this disease is still not favorable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignant%20cancer%20of%20skin" title="malignant cancer of skin">malignant cancer of skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutaneous%20malignant%20melanoma" title=" cutaneous malignant melanoma"> cutaneous malignant melanoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20cancer" title=" skin cancer"> skin cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20analyses" title=" survival analyses"> survival analyses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101504/prognosis-clinical-outcomes-and-short-term-survival-analyses-of-patients-with-cutaneous-melanomas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1302</span> Biomechanical Analysis on Skin and Jejunum of Chemically Prepared Cat Cadavers Used in Surgery Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20C.%20Zero">Raphael C. Zero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20A.%20S.%20S.%20Rocha"> Thiago A. S. S. Rocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marita%20%20V.%20Cardozo"> Marita V. Cardozo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caio%20C.%20C.%20Santos"> Caio C. C. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisson%20D.%20S.%20Fechis"> Alisson D. S. Fechis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20C.%20Shimano"> Antonio C. Shimano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabr%C3%ADCio%20S.%20Oliveira"> FabríCio S. Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomechanical analysis is an important factor in tissue studies. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a new anatomical technique and quantify the changes in skin and the jejunum resistance of cats’ corpses throughout the process. Eight adult cat cadavers were used. For every kilogram of weight, 120ml of fixative solution (95% 96GL ethyl alcohol and 5% pure glycerin) was applied via the external common carotid artery. Next, the carcasses were placed in a container with 96 GL ethyl alcohol for 60 days. After fixing, all carcasses were preserved in a 30% sodium chloride solution for 60 days. Before fixation, control samples were collected from fresh cadavers and after fixation, three skin and jejunum fragments from each cadaver were tested monthly for strength and displacement until complete rupture in a universal testing machine. All results were analyzed by F-test (P <0.05). In the jejunum, the force required to rupture the fresh samples and the samples fixed in alcohol for 60 days was 31.27±19.14N and 29.25±11.69N, respectively. For the samples preserved in the sodium chloride solution for 30 and 60 days, the strength was 26.17±16.18N and 30.57±13.77N, respectively. In relation to the displacement required for the rupture of the samples, the values of fresh specimens and those fixed in alcohol for 60 days was 2.79±0.73mm and 2.80±1.13mm, respectively. For the samples preserved for 30 and 60 days with sodium chloride solution, the displacement was 2.53±1.03mm and 2.83±1.27mm, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the samples (P=0.68 with respect to strength, and P=0.75 with respect to displacement). In the skin, the force needed to rupture the fresh samples and the samples fixed for 60 days in alcohol was 223.86±131.5N and 211.86±137.53N respectively. For the samples preserved in sodium chloride solution for 30 and 60 days, the force was 227.73±129.06 and 224.78±143.83N, respectively. In relation to the displacement required for the rupture of the samples, the values of fresh specimens and those fixed in alcohol for 60 days were 3.67±1.03mm and 4.11±0.87mm, respectively. For the samples preserved for 30 and 60 days with sodium chloride solution, the displacement was 4.21±0.93mm and 3.93±0.71mm, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the samples (P=0.65 with respect to strength, and P=0.98 with respect to displacement). The resistance of the skin and intestines of the cat carcasses suffered little change when subjected to alcohol fixation and preservation in sodium chloride solution, each for 60 days, which is promising for use in surgery training. All experimental procedures were approved by the Municipal Legal Department (protocol 02.2014.000027-1). The project was funded by FAPESP (protocol 2015-08259-9). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title="anatomy">anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation" title=" fixation"> fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20animal" title=" small animal"> small animal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59570/biomechanical-analysis-on-skin-and-jejunum-of-chemically-prepared-cat-cadavers-used-in-surgery-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1301</span> Timing and Probability of Presurgical Teledermatology: Survival Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipa%20de%20Mello-Sampayo">Felipa de Mello-Sampayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to undertake, from patient’s perspective, the timing and probability of using teledermatology, comparing it with a conventional referral system. The dynamic stochastic model’s main value-added consists of the concrete application to patients waiting for dermatology surgical intervention. Patients with low health level uncertainty must use teledermatology treatment as soon as possible, which is precisely when the teledermatology is least valuable. The results of the model were then tested empirically with the teledermatology network covering the area served by the Hospital Garcia da Horta, Portugal, links the primary care centers of 24 health districts with the hospital’s dermatology department via the corporate intranet of the Portuguese healthcare system. Health level volatility can be understood as the hazard of developing skin cancer and the trend of health level as the bias of developing skin lesions. The results of the survival analysis suggest that the theoretical model can explain the use of teledermatology. It depends negatively on the volatility of patients' health, and positively on the trend of health, i.e., the lower the risk of developing skin cancer and the younger the patients, the more presurgical teledermatology one expects to occur. Presurgical teledermatology also depends positively on out-of-pocket expenses and negatively on the opportunity costs of teledermatology, i.e., the lower the benefit missed by using teledermatology, the more presurgical teledermatology one expects to occur. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teledermatology" title="teledermatology">teledermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wait%20time" title=" wait time"> wait time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opportunity%20cost" title=" opportunity cost"> opportunity cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20analysis" title=" survival analysis"> survival analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106424/timing-and-probability-of-presurgical-teledermatology-survival-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1300</span> Soft Robotic System for Mechanical Stimulation of Scaffolds During Dynamic Cell Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johanna%20Perdomo">Johanna Perdomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riki%20Lamont"> Riki Lamont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edmund%20Pickering"> Edmund Pickering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naomi%20C.%20Paxton"> Naomi C. Paxton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20A.%20Woodruff"> Maria A. Woodruff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Tissue Engineering (TE) has combined advanced materials, such as biomaterials, to create affordable scaffolds and dynamic systems to generate stimulation of seeded cells on these scaffolds, improving and maintaining the cellular growth process in a cell culture. However, Few TE skin products have been clinically translated, and more research is required to produce highly biomimetic skin substitutes that mimic the native elasticity of skin in a controlled manner. Therefore, this work will be focused on the fabrication of a novel mechanical system to enhance the TE treatment approaches for the reparation of damaged tissue skin. Aims: To archive this, a soft robotic device will be created to emulate different deformation of skin stress. The design of this soft robot will allow the attachment of scaffolds, which will then be mechanically actuated. This will provide a novel and highly adaptable platform for dynamic cell culture. Methods: Novel, low-cost soft robot is fabricated via 3D printed moulds and silicone. A low cost, electro-mechanical device was constructed to actuate the soft robot through the controlled combination of positive and negative air pressure to control the different state of movements. Mechanical tests were conducted to assess the performance and calibration of each electronic component. Similarly, pressure-displacement test was performed on scaffolds, which were attached to the soft robot, applying various mechanical loading regimes. Lastly, digital image correlation test was performed to obtain strain distributions over the soft robot’s surface. Results: The control system can control and stabilise positive pressure changes for long hours. Similarly, pressure-displacement test demonstrated that scaffolds with 5µm of diameter and wavy geometry can displace at 100%, applying a maximum pressure of 1.5 PSI. Lastly, during the inflation state, the displacement of silicone was measured using DIC method, and this showed a parameter of 4.78 mm and strain of 0.0652. Discussion And Conclusion: The developed soft robot system provides a novel and low-cost platform for the dynamic actuation of tissue scaffolds with a target towards dynamic cell culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20robot" title="soft robot">soft robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20stimulation" title=" mechanical stimulation"> mechanical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20cell%20culture" title=" dynamic cell culture"> dynamic cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactor" title=" bioreactor"> bioreactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156201/soft-robotic-system-for-mechanical-stimulation-of-scaffolds-during-dynamic-cell-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1299</span> TopClosure® of Large Abdominal Wall Defect Instead of Staged Hernia Repair as Part of Damage Control Laparotomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Fedorenko">Andriy Fedorenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Early closure of the open abdomen is a priority after damage control laparotomy to prevent retraction of fascial layers and prevent hernia formation that requires definitive repair at a later stage. This substantially reduces the complications associated with ventral hernia formation for up to a year after initial surgery. TopClosure® is an innovative method that employs stress-relaxation and mechanical creep for skin stretching. Its use enables the primary closure of large abdominal wall defects and mitigates large ventral hernia formation. Materials and Methods A 7-year-old girl presented with severe blast injury. She underwent initial laparotomy in a facility within the conflict zone and was transferred in a state of septic shock to our facility for further care. Her abdominal injuries included liver lacerations, multiple perforations of the transverse colon and ileum, and a 8x16cm oblique abdominal wall defect. Further damage control laparotomy was performed with primary suture of the colon and ileum and temporary closure of the abdomen using a Bagota bag. Twelve hours later, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was applied to the abdominal wound after relook laparotomy. Five days later, TopClosure® was applied to the lower part of the wound incorporating NPWT to the upper wound. Results The patient suffered leak from the colonic suture line and required relaparotomy. TopClosure® abdominal closure was achieved after every laparotomy. Conclusion TopClosure® utilizes the viscoelastic properties of the skin achieving full closure of the abdominal wall (including the fascia and skin),eliminating the need for prolonged NPWT, skin graft, and delayed ventral hernia repair surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topclosure" title="topclosure">topclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdominal%20wall%20defect" title=" abdominal wall defect"> abdominal wall defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hernia" title=" hernia"> hernia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20control" title=" damage control"> damage control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167579/topclosure-of-large-abdominal-wall-defect-instead-of-staged-hernia-repair-as-part-of-damage-control-laparotomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1298</span> A Survey and Analysis on Inflammatory Pain Detection and Standard Protocol Selection Using Medical Infrared Thermography from Image Processing View Point</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrinal%20Kanti%20Bhowmik">Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawli%20Bardhan%20Jr."> Shawli Bardhan Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debotosh%20Bhattacharjee"> Debotosh Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human skin containing temperature value more than absolute zero, discharges infrared radiation related to the frequency of the body temperature. The difference in infrared radiation from the skin surface reflects the abnormality present in human body. Considering the difference, detection and forecasting the temperature variation of the skin surface is the main objective of using Medical Infrared Thermography(MIT) as a diagnostic tool for pain detection. Medical Infrared Thermography(MIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that records and monitors the temperature flow in the body by receiving the infrared radiated from the skin and represent it through thermogram. The intensity of the thermogram measures the inflammation from the skin surface related to pain in human body. Analysis of thermograms provides automated anomaly detection associated with suspicious pain regions by following several image processing steps. The paper represents a rigorous study based survey related to the processing and analysis of thermograms based on the previous works published in the area of infrared thermal imaging for detecting inflammatory pain diseases like arthritis, spondylosis, shoulder impingement, etc. The study also explores the performance analysis of thermogram processing accompanied by thermogram acquisition protocols, thermography camera specification and the types of pain detected by thermography in summarized tabular format. The tabular format provides a clear structural vision of the past works. The major contribution of the paper introduces a new thermogram acquisition standard associated with inflammatory pain detection in human body to enhance the performance rate. The FLIR T650sc infrared camera with high sensitivity and resolution is adopted to increase the accuracy of thermogram acquisition and analysis. The survey of previous research work highlights that intensity distribution based comparison of comparable and symmetric region of interest and their statistical analysis assigns adequate result in case of identifying and detecting physiological disorder related to inflammatory diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition%20protocol" title="acquisition protocol">acquisition protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20pain%20detection" title=" inflammatory pain detection"> inflammatory pain detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20infrared%20thermography%20%28MIT%29" title=" medical infrared thermography (MIT)"> medical infrared thermography (MIT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22181/a-survey-and-analysis-on-inflammatory-pain-detection-and-standard-protocol-selection-using-medical-infrared-thermography-from-image-processing-view-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1297</span> Parametric Study of the Structures: Influence of the Shells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serikma%20Mourad">Serikma Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mezidi%20Amar"> Mezidi Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conception (design) of an earthquake-resistant structure is a complex problem seen the necessity of meeting the requirements of security been imperative by the regulations, and of economy been imperative by the increasing costs of the structures. The resistance of a building in the horizontal actions (shares) is mainly ensured by a mixed brace system; for a concrete building, this system is constituted by frame or shells; or both at the same time. After the earthquake of Boumerdes (May 23; 2003) in Algeria, the studies made by experts, ended in modifications of the Algerian Earthquake-resistant Regulation (AER 99). One of these modifications was to widen the use of shells for the brace system. This modification has create a conflict on the quantities, the positions and the type of the shells at adopt. In the present project, we suggest seeing the effect of the variation of the dimensions, the localization and the conditions of rigidity in extremities of shells. The study will be led on a building (F+5) implanted in zone of seismicity average. To do it, we shall proceed to a classic dynamic study of a structure by using 4 alternatives for shells by varying the lengths and number in order to compare the cost of the structure for 4 dispositions of the shells with a technical-economic study of the brace system by the use of different dispositions of shells and to estimate the quantities of necessary materials (concrete and steel). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title="reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20brace%20system" title=" mixed brace system"> mixed brace system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title=" dynamic analysis"> dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beams" title=" beams"> beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shells" title=" shells"> shells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44098/parametric-study-of-the-structures-influence-of-the-shells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1296</span> Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Occurrence and Development of Infectious Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Boris%20Feutmba%20Keutchou">Frank Boris Feutmba Keutchou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurelle%20Fabienne%20Bieghan%20Same"> Saurelle Fabienne Bieghan Same</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verelle%20Elsa%20Fogang%20Pokam"> Verelle Elsa Fogang Pokam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Ursula%20Metapi%20Meikeu"> Charles Ursula Metapi Meikeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Marilyne%20Messop%20Nzomo"> Angel Marilyne Messop Nzomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ousman%20Tamgue"> Ousman Tamgue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infectious diseases are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases are caused by micro-pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence are referred to as epigenetics. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are important in the emergence and progression of infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate host epigenetic machinery to promote their own replication and evade immune responses. The Human Genome Project has provided new opportunities for developing better tools for the diagnosis and identification of target genes. Several epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, have been shown to influence infectious disease outcomes. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying infectious diseases may result in the progression of new therapeutic approaches focusing on host-pathogen interactions. The goal of this study is to show how different infectious agents interact with host cells after infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenetic" title="epigenetic">epigenetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease"> infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-pathogenic%20organism" title=" micro-pathogenic organism"> micro-pathogenic organism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenotype" title=" phenotype"> phenotype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164754/epigenetic-mechanisms-involved-in-the-occurrence-and-development-of-infectious-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1295</span> Pixel Façade: An Idea for Programmable Building Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jamili">H. Jamili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shakiba"> S. Shakiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, one of the main concerns of human beings is facing the unpleasant changes of the environment. Buildings are responsible for a significant amount of natural resources consumption and carbon emissions production. In such a situation, this thought comes to mind that changing each building into a phenomenon of benefit to the environment. A change in a way that each building functions as an element that supports the environment, and construction, in addition to answering the need of humans, is encouraged, the way planting a tree is, and it is no longer seen as a threat to alive beings and the planet. Prospect: Today, different ideas of developing materials that can smartly function are realizing. For instance, Programmable Materials, which in different conditions, can respond appropriately to the situation and have features of modification in shape, size, physical properties and restoration, and repair quality. Studies are to progress having this purpose to plan for these materials in a way that they are easily available, and to meet this aim, there is no need to use expensive materials and high technologies. In these cases, physical attributes of materials undertake the role of sensors, wires and actuators then materials will become into robots itself. In fact, we experience robotics without robots. In recent decades, AI and technology advances have dramatically improving the performance of materials. These achievements are a combination of software optimizations and physical productions such as multi-materials 3D printing. These capabilities enable us to program materials in order to change shape, appearance, and physical properties to interact with different situations. nIt is expected that further achievements like Memory Materials and Self-learning Materials are also added to the Smart Materials family, which are affordable, available, and of use for a variety of applications and industries. From the architectural standpoint, the building skin is significantly considered in this research, concerning the noticeable surface area the buildings skin have in urban space. The purpose of this research would be finding a way that the programmable materials be used in building skin with the aim of having an effective and positive interaction. A Pixel Façade would be a solution for programming a building skin. The Pixel Facadeincludes components that contain a series of attributes that help buildings for their needs upon their environmental criteria. A PIXEL contains series of smart materials and digital controllers together. It not only benefits its physical properties, such as control the amount of sunlight and heat, but it enhances building performance by providing a list of features, depending on situation criteria. The features will vary depending on locations and have a different function during the daytime and different seasons. The primary role of a PIXEL FAÇADE can be defined as filtering pollutions (for inside and outside of the buildings) and providing clean energy as well as interacting with other PIXEL FACADES to estimate better reactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20skin" title="building skin">building skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20crisis" title=" environmental crisis"> environmental crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20facade" title=" pixel facade"> pixel facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programmable%20materials" title=" programmable materials"> programmable materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20materials" title=" smart materials"> smart materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152927/pixel-facade-an-idea-for-programmable-building-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1294</span> Overview and Pathophysiology of Radiation-Induced Breast Changes as a Consequence of Radiotherapy Toxicity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Rezacova">Monika Rezacova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation-induced breast changes are a consequence of radiotherapy toxicity over the breast tissues either related to targeted breast cancer treatment or other thoracic malignancies (eg. lung cancer). This study has created an overview of different changes and their pathophysiology. The main conditions included were skin thickening, interstitial oedema, fat necrosis, dystrophic calcifications, skin retractions, glandular atrophy, breast fibrosis and radiation induced breast cancer. This study has performed focused literature search through multiple databases including pubmed, medline and embase. The study has reviewed English as well as non English publications. As a result of the literature the study provides comprehensive overview of radiation-induced breast changes and their pathophysiology with small focus on new development and prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiotherapy%20toxicity" title="radiotherapy toxicity">radiotherapy toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20tissue%20changes" title=" breast tissue changes"> breast tissue changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20treatment" title=" breast cancer treatment"> breast cancer treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation-induced%20breast%20changes" title=" radiation-induced breast changes"> radiation-induced breast changes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137891/overview-and-pathophysiology-of-radiation-induced-breast-changes-as-a-consequence-of-radiotherapy-toxicity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1293</span> Analysis of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Double Skin Tubular Short Columns with External Stainless Steel Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20F.%20Kharoob">Omnia F. Kharoob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashwa%20M.%20Yossef"> Nashwa M. Yossef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns could be utilized in structures such as bridges, high-rise buildings, viaducts, and electricity transmission towers due to its great structural performance. Alternatively, lean duplex stainless steel has recently gained significant interest for its high structural performance, similar corrosion resistance and lower cost compared to the austenitic steel grade. Hence, this paper presents the nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis, behaviour and design of rectangular outer lean duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4162) CFDST short columns under compression. All classes of the outer rectangular hollow section according to the depth-to-thickness (D/t) ratios were considered. The results showed that the axial ultimate strength of rectangular CFDST short columns increased linearly by increasing the concrete compressive strength, while it does not influence when changing the hollow ratios. Finally, the axial capacities were compared with the available design methods, and recommendations were conducted for the design strength of this type of column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20double%20skin%20columns" title="concrete-filled double skin columns">concrete-filled double skin columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20duplex%20stainless%20steel" title=" lean duplex stainless steel"> lean duplex stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20axial%20strength" title=" ultimate axial strength"> ultimate axial strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20columns" title=" short columns"> short columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78794/analysis-of-rectangular-concrete-filled-double-skin-tubular-short-columns-with-external-stainless-steel-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1292</span> Using Finite Element to Predict Failure of Light Weight Bridges Due to Vehicles Impact: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20H.%20Almasria">Amin H. Almasria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajai%20Z.%20Alrousanb"> Rajai Z. Alrousanb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Harith%20Manasrah"> Al-Harith Manasrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collapse of a light weight pedestrian bridges due to vehicle collision is investigated and studied in detail using a dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis. Typical bridge widely used in Jordan is studied and modeled under truck collision using one dimensional beam finite element in order to minimize analysis time due to the dynamic nature of the problem. Truck collision with the bridge is simulated at different speeds and locations of collisions using dynamic explicit finite element scheme with material nonlinearity taken into account. Energy absorption of bridge is investigated through principle of energy conservation, where truck kinetic energy is assumed to be stored in the bridge as strain energy. Weak failure points in the bridges were identified, and modifications are proposed in order to strengthen the bridge structure and prevent total collapse. The proposed design modifications on bridge structure were successful in allowing the bridge to fail locally rather than globally and expected to help in saving lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20impact" title=" dynamic impact"> dynamic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20bridges" title=" pedestrian bridges"> pedestrian bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20energy" title=" strain energy"> strain energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20failure" title=" collapse failure"> collapse failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20714/using-finite-element-to-predict-failure-of-light-weight-bridges-due-to-vehicles-impact-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">624</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1291</span> Comparison Between Partial Thickness Skin Graft Harvesting From Scalp and Lower Limb for Scalp Defect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Taghipour">Mehrdad Taghipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Rostami"> Mina Rostami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Eskandarlou"> Mahdi Eskandarlou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partial-thickness skin graft is the cornerstone for scalp defect repair. Given the potential side effects following harvesting from these sites, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of graft harvesting from scalp and lower limb. This clinical trial was conducted among a sample number of 40 partial thickness graft candidates (20 case and 20 control group) with scalp defect presenting to Plastic Surgery Clinic at Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran during 2018-2019. Sampling was done by simple randomization using random digit table. The donor site in case group and control group was scalp and lower limb respectively. Overall, 28 patients (70%) were male and 12 (30%) were female. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trauma were the most common etiology for the defects. There was a statistically meaningful relationship between two groups regarding the etiology of defect (P=0.02). The mean diameter of defect was 24.28±45.37 mm for all of the patients. The difference between diameters of defect in both groups were statistically meaningful while no such difference between graft diameters was seen. The graft “Take” was completely successful in both groups according to evaluations. The level of postoperative pain was lower in the case group compared to the control according to VAS scale and the satisfaction was higher in them per Likert scale. Scalp can safely be used as donor site for skin graft to be used for scalp defects associated with better results and lower complication rates compared to other donor sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=donor%20site" title="donor site">donor site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graft" title=" graft"> graft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalp" title=" scalp"> scalp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20thickness" title=" partial thickness"> partial thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155903/comparison-between-partial-thickness-skin-graft-harvesting-from-scalp-and-lower-limb-for-scalp-defect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1290</span> Phase Synchronization of Skin Blood Flow Oscillations under Deep Controlled Breathing in Human</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arina%20V.%20Tankanag">Arina V. Tankanag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gennady%20V.%20Krasnikov"> Gennady V. Krasnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20K.%20Chemeris"> Nikolai K. Chemeris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of respiration-dependent oscillations in the peripheral blood flow may occur by at least two mechanisms. The first mechanism is related to the change of venous pressure due to mechanical activity of lungs. This phenomenon is known as ‘respiratory pump’ and is one of the mechanisms of venous return of blood from the peripheral vessels to the heart. The second mechanism is related to the vasomotor reflexes controlled by the respiratory modulation of the activity of centers of the vegetative nervous system. Early high phase synchronization of respiration-dependent blood flow oscillations of left and right forearm skin in healthy volunteers at rest was shown. The aim of the work was to study the effect of deep controlled breathing on the phase synchronization of skin blood flow oscillations. 29 normotensive non-smoking young women (18-25 years old) of the normal constitution without diagnosed pathologies of skin, cardiovascular and respiratory systems participated in the study. For each of the participants six recording sessions were carried out: first, at the spontaneous breathing rate; and the next five, in the regimes of controlled breathing with fixed breathing depth and different rates of enforced breathing regime. The following rates of controlled breathing regime were used: 0.25, 0.16, 0.10, 0.07 and 0.05 Hz. The breathing depth amounted to 40% of the maximal chest excursion. Blood perfusion was registered by laser flowmeter LAKK-02 (LAZMA, Russia) with two identical channels (wavelength 0.63 µm; emission power, 0.5 mW). The first probe was fastened to the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of left forefinger; the second probe was attached to the external surface of the left forearm near the wrist joint. These skin zones were chosen as zones with different dominant mechanisms of vascular tonus regulation. The degree of phase synchronization of the registered signals was estimated from the value of the wavelet phase coherence. The duration of all recording was 5 min. The sampling frequency of the signals was 16 Hz. The increasing of synchronization of the respiratory-dependent skin blood flow oscillations for all controlled breathing regimes was obtained. Since the formation of respiration-dependent oscillations in the peripheral blood flow is mainly caused by the respiratory modulation of system blood pressure, the observed effects are most likely dependent on the breathing depth. It should be noted that with spontaneous breathing depth does not exceed 15% of the maximal chest excursion, while in the present study the breathing depth was 40%. Therefore it has been suggested that the observed significant increase of the phase synchronization of blood flow oscillations in our conditions is primarily due to an increase of breathing depth. This is due to the enhancement of both potential mechanisms of respiratory oscillation generation: venous pressure and sympathetic modulation of vascular tone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20controlled%20breathing" title="deep controlled breathing">deep controlled breathing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peripheral%20blood%20flow%20oscillations" title=" peripheral blood flow oscillations"> peripheral blood flow oscillations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20synchronization" title=" phase synchronization"> phase synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20phase%20coherence" title=" wavelet phase coherence"> wavelet phase coherence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98130/phase-synchronization-of-skin-blood-flow-oscillations-under-deep-controlled-breathing-in-human" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1289</span> We Have Never Seen a Dermatologist. Reaching the Unreachable Through Teledermatology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innocent%20Atuhe">Innocent Atuhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babra%20Nalwadda"> Babra Nalwadda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20Mulyowa%20Kitunzi"> Grace Mulyowa Kitunzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annabella%20Haninka%20Ejiri"> Annabella Haninka Ejiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent and growing chronic inflammatory skin diseases in African prisons. AD care is limited in African due to lack of information about the disease amongst primary care workers, limited access to dermatologists, lack of proper training of healthcare workers, and shortage of appropriate treatments. We designed and implemented the Prisons Telederma project based on the recommendations of the International Society of Atopic Dermatitis. Our overall goal was to increase access to dermatologist-led care for prisoners with AD through teledermatology in Uganda. We aimed to; i) to increase awareness and understanding of teledermatology among prison health workers; and ii) to improve treatment outcomes of prisoners with atopic dermatitis through increased access to and utilization of consultant dermatologists through teledermatology in Uganda prisons: Approach: We used Store-and-forward Teledermatology (SAF-TD) to increase access to dermatologist-led care for prisoners and prisons staff with AD. We conducted a five days training for prison health workers using an adapted WHO training guide on recognizing neglected tropical diseases through changes on the skin together with an adapted American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Childhood AD Basic Dermatology Curriculum designed to help trainees develop a clinical approach to the evaluation and initial management of patients with AD. This training was followed by blended e-learning, webinars facilitated by consultant Dermatologists with local knowledge of medication and local practices, apps adjusted for pigmented skin, WhatsApp group discussions, and sharing pigmented skin AD pictures and treatment via zoom meetings. We hired a team of Ugandan Senior Consultant dermatologists to draft an iconographic atlas of the main dermatoses in pigmented African skin and shared this atlas with prison health staff for use as a job aid. We had planned to use MySkinSelfie mobile phone application to take and share skin pictures of prisoners with AD with Consultant Dermatologists, who would review the pictures and prescribe appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, the National Health Service withdrew the app from the market due to technical issues. We monitored and evaluated treatment outcomes using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) tool. We held four advocacy meetings to persuade relevant stakeholders to increase supplies and availability of first-line AD treatments such as emollients in prison health facilities. Results: Draft iconographic atlas of the main dermatoses in pigmented African skin Increased proportion of prison health staff with adequate knowledge of AD and teledermatology from 20% to 80% Increased proportion of prisoners with AD reporting improvement in disease severity (POEM scores) from 25% to 35% in one year. Increased proportion of prisoners with AD seen by consultant dermatologist through teledermatology from 0% to 20% in one year. Increased the availability of AD recommended treatments in prisons health facilities from 5% to 10% in one year <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teledermatology" title="teledermatology">teledermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prisoners" title=" prisoners"> prisoners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaching" title=" reaching"> reaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=un-reachable" title=" un-reachable"> un-reachable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157144/we-have-never-seen-a-dermatologist-reaching-the-unreachable-through-teledermatology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1288</span> Influence of Single and Multiple Skin-Core Debonding on Free Vibration Characteristics of Innovative GFRP Sandwich Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indunil%20Jayatilake">Indunil Jayatilake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warna%20Karunasena"> Warna Karunasena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weena%20Lokuge"> Weena Lokuge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Australian manufacturer has fabricated an innovative GFRP sandwich panel made from E-glass fiber skin and a modified phenolic core for structural applications. Debonding, which refers to separation of skin from the core material in composite sandwiches, is one of the most common types of damage in composites. The presence of debonding is of great concern because it not only severely affects the stiffness but also modifies the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Generally, it is seen that the majority of research carried out has been concerned about the delamination of laminated structures whereas skin-core debonding has received relatively minor attention. Furthermore, it is observed that research done on composite slabs having multiple skin-core debonding is very limited. To address this gap, a comprehensive research investigating dynamic behaviour of composite panels with single and multiple debonding is presented. The study uses finite-element modelling and analyses for investigating the influence of debonding on free vibration behaviour of single and multilayer composite sandwich panels. A broad parametric investigation has been carried out by varying debonding locations, debonding sizes and support conditions of the panels in view of both single and multiple debonding. Numerical models were developed with Strand7 finite element package by innovatively selecting the suitable elements to diligently represent their actual behavior. Three-dimensional finite element models were employed to simulate the physically real situation as close as possible, with the use of an experimentally and numerically validated finite element model. Comparative results and conclusions based on the analyses are presented. For similar extents and locations of debonding, the effect of debonding on natural frequencies appears greatly dependent on the end conditions of the panel, giving greater decrease in natural frequency when the panels are more restrained. Some modes are more sensitive to debonding and this sensitivity seems to be related to their vibration mode shapes. The fundamental mode seems generally the least sensitive mode to debonding with respect to the variation in free vibration characteristics. The results indicate the effectiveness of the developed three-dimensional finite element models in assessing debonding damage in composite sandwich panels <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debonding" title="debonding">debonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration%20behaviour" title=" free vibration behaviour"> free vibration behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GFRP%20sandwich%20panels" title=" GFRP sandwich panels"> GFRP sandwich panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20dimensional%20finite%20element%20modelling" title=" three dimensional finite element modelling"> three dimensional finite element modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23042/influence-of-single-and-multiple-skin-core-debonding-on-free-vibration-characteristics-of-innovative-gfrp-sandwich-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1287</span> Transmission Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Disease in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassie%20Molla">Wassie Molla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaas%20Frankena"> Klaas Frankena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mart%20De%20Jong"> Mart De Jong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a severe viral disease of cattle, which often occurs in epidemic form. It is caused by lumpy skin disease virus of the genus capripoxvirus of family poxviridae. Mathematical models play important role in the study of infectious diseases epidemiology. They help to explain the dynamics and understand the transmission of an infectious disease within a population. Understanding the transmission dynamics of lumpy skin disease between animals is important for the implementation of effective prevention and control measures against the disease. This study was carried out in central and north-western part of Ethiopia with the objectives to understand LSD outbreak dynamics, quantify the transmission between animals and herds, and estimate the disease reproduction ratio in dominantly crop-livestock mixed and commercial herd types. Field observation and follow-up study were undertaken, and the transmission parameters were estimated based on a SIR epidemic model in which individuals are susceptible (S), infected and infectious (I), and recovered and immune or dead (R) using the final size and generalized linear model methods. The result showed that a higher morbidity was recorded in infected crop-livestock (24.1%) mixed production system herds than infected commercial production (17.5%) system herds whereas mortality was higher in intensive (4.0%) than crop-livestock (1.5%) system and the differences were statistically significant. The transmission rate among animals and between herds were 0.75 and 0.68 per week, respectively in dominantly crop-livestock production system. The transmission study undertaken in dominantly crop-livestock production system highlighted the presence of statistically significant seasonal difference in LSD transmission among animals. The reproduction numbers of LSD in dominantly crop-livestock production system were 1.06 among animals and 1.28 between herds whereas it varies from 1.03 to 1.31 among animals in commercial production system. Though the R estimated for LSD in different production systems at different localities is greater than 1, its magnitude is low implying that the disease can be easily controlled by implementing the appropriate control measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial" title="commercial">commercial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop-livestock" title=" crop-livestock"> crop-livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSD" title=" LSD"> LSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction%20number" title=" reproduction number"> reproduction number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title=" transmission"> transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58922/transmission-dynamics-of-lumpy-skin-disease-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1286</span> The Influence of Mycelium Species and Incubation Protocols on Heat and Moisture Transfer Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Monsalve">Daniel Monsalve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takafumi%20Noguchi"> Takafumi Noguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycelium-based composites (MBC) are made by growing living mycelium on lignocellulosic fibres to create a porous composite material which can be lightweight, and biodegradable, making them suitable as a sustainable thermal insulation. Thus, they can help to reduce material extraction while improving the energy efficiency of buildings, especially when agricultural by-products are used. However, as MBC are hygroscopic materials, moisture can reduce their thermal insulation efficiency. It is known that surface growth, or “mycelium skin”, can form a natural coating due to the hydrophobic properties in the mycelium cell wall. Therefore, this research aims to biofabricate a homogeneous mycelium skin and measure its influence on the final composite material by testing material properties such as thermal conductivity, vapour permeability and water absorption by partial immersion over 24 hours. In addition, porosity, surface morphology and chemical composition were also analyzed. The white-rot fungi species Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Trametes versicolor were grown on 10 mm hemp fibres (Cannabis sativa), and three different biofabrication protocols were used during incubation, varying the time and surface treatment, including the addition of pre-colonised sawdust. The results indicate that density can be reduced by colonisation time, which will favourably impact thermal conductivity but will negatively affect vapour and liquid water control. Additionally, different fungi can exhibit different resistance to prolonged water absorption, and due to osmotic sensitivity, mycelium skin may also diminish moisture control. Finally, a collapse in the mycelium network after water immersion was observed through SEM, indicating how the microstructure is affected, which is also dependent on fungi species and the type of skin achieved. These results help to comprehend the differences and limitations of three of the most common species used for MBC fabrication and how precise engineering is needed to effectively control the material output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycelium" title="mycelium">mycelium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vapor%20permeability" title=" vapor permeability"> vapor permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186510/the-influence-of-mycelium-species-and-incubation-protocols-on-heat-and-moisture-transfer-properties-of-mycelium-based-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1285</span> Iontophoretic Drug Transport: An Non-Invasive Transdermal Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Jain">Ashish Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivam%20Tayal"> Shivam Tayal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been great interest in the field of Iontophoresis since few years due to its great applications in the field of controlled transdermal drug delivery system. It is an technique which is used to enhance the transdermal permeation of ionized high molecular weight molecules across the skin membrane especially Peptides & Proteins by the application of direct current of 1-4 mA for 20-40 minutes whereas chemical must be placed on electrodes with same charge. Iontophoresis enhanced the delivery of drug into the skin via pores like hair follicles, sweat gland ducts etc. rather than through stratum corneum. It has wide applications in the field of experimental, Therapeutic, Diagnostic, Dentistry etc. Medical science is using it to treat Hyperhidrosis (Excessive sweating) in hands and feet and to treat other ailments like hypertension, Migraine etc. Nowadays commercial transdermal iontophoretic patches are available in the market to treat different ailments. Researchers are keen to research in this field due to its vast applications and advantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iontophoresis" title="iontophoresis">iontophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20drug%20delivery" title=" novel drug delivery"> novel drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal" title=" transdermal"> transdermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation%20enhancer" title=" permeation enhancer"> permeation enhancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78410/iontophoretic-drug-transport-an-non-invasive-transdermal-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1284</span> Modelling High Strain Rate Tear Open Behavior of a Bilaminate Consisting of Foam and Plastic Skin Considering Tensile Failure and Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Pytel">Laura Pytel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georg%20Baumann"> Georg Baumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregor%20Gstrein"> Gregor Gstrein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corina%20Klug"> Corina Klug</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Premium cars often coat the instrument panels with a bilaminate consisting of a soft foam and a plastic skin. The coating is torn open during the passenger airbag deployment under high strain rates. Characterizing and simulating the top coat layer is crucial for predicting the attenuation that delays the airbag deployment, effecting the design of the restrain system and to reduce the demand of simulation adjustments through expensive physical component testing.Up to now, bilaminates used within cars either have been modelled by using a two-dimensional shell formulation for the whole coating system as one which misses out the interaction of the two layers or by combining a three-dimensional formulation foam layer with a two-dimensional skin layer but omitting the foam in the significant parts like the expected tear line area and the hinge where high compression is expected. In both cases, the properties of the coating causing the attenuation are not considered. Further, at present, the availability of material information, as there are failure dependencies of the two layers, as well as the strain rate of up to 200 1/s, are insufficient. The velocity of the passenger airbag flap during an airbag shot has been measured with about 11.5 m/s during first ripping; the digital image correlation evaluation showed resulting strain rates of above 1500 1/s. This paper provides a high strain rate material characterization of a bilaminate consisting of a thin polypropylene foam and a thermoplasctic olefins (TPO) skin and the creation of validated material models. With the help of a Split Hopkinson tension bar, strain rates of 1500 1/s were within reach. The experimental data was used to calibrate and validate a more physical modelling approach of the forced ripping of the bilaminate. In the presented model, the three-dimensional foam layer is continuously tied to the two-dimensional skin layer, allowing failure in both layers at any possible position. The simulation results show a higher agreement in terms of the trajectory of the flaps and its velocity during ripping. The resulting attenuation of the airbag deployment measured by the contact force between airbag and flaps increases and serves usable data for dimensioning modules of an airbag system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilaminate%20ripping%20behavior" title="bilaminate ripping behavior">bilaminate ripping behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=High%20strain%20rate%20material%20characterization%20and%20modelling" title=" High strain rate material characterization and modelling"> High strain rate material characterization and modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20material%20failure" title=" induced material failure"> induced material failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPO%20and%20foam" title=" TPO and foam"> TPO and foam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172222/modelling-high-strain-rate-tear-open-behavior-of-a-bilaminate-consisting-of-foam-and-plastic-skin-considering-tensile-failure-and-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1283</span> Preparation and in vivo Assessment of Nystatin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery against Cutaneous Candidiasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawia%20M.%20Khalil">Rawia M. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abd%20El%20Rahman"> Ahmed A. Abd El Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfouz%20A.%20Kassem"> Mahfouz A. Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20El%20Ridi"> Mohamed S. El Ridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20M.%20Abou%20Samra"> Mona M. Abou Samra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20E.%20A.%20Awad"> Ghada E. A. Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheir%20S.%20Mansy"> Soheir S. Mansy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have gained great attention for the topical treatment of skin associated fungal infection as they facilitate the skin penetration of loaded drugs. Our work deals with the preparation of nystatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NystSLNs) using the hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. The prepared NystSLNs were characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological behavior and in vitro drug release. A stability study for 6 months was performed. A microbiological study was conducted in male rats infected with Candida albicans, by counting the colonies and examining the histopathological changes induced on the skin of infected rats. The results showed that SLNs dispersions are spherical in shape with particle size ranging from 83.26±11.33 to 955.04±1.09 nm. The entrapment efficiencies are ranging from 19.73±1.21 to 72.46±0.66% with zeta potential ranging from -18.9 to -38.8 mV and shear-thinning rheological Behavior. The stability studies done for 6 months showed that nystatin (Nyst) is a good candidate for topical SLN formulations. A least number of colony forming unit/ ml (cfu/ml) was recorded for the selected NystSLN compared to the drug solution and the commercial Nystatin® cream present in the market. It can be fulfilled from this work that SLNs provide a good skin targeting effect and may represent promising carrier for topical delivery of Nyst offering the sustained release and maintaining the localized effect, resulting in an effective treatment of cutaneous fungal infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candida%20infections" title="candida infections">candida infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20homogenization" title=" hot homogenization"> hot homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nystatin" title=" nystatin"> nystatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" solid lipid nanoparticles"> solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20delivery" title=" topical delivery"> topical delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3539/preparation-and-in-vivo-assessment-of-nystatin-loaded-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-for-topical-delivery-against-cutaneous-candidiasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1282</span> Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Determinants among Non-Caesarean Deliveries at Primary and Secondary Health Facilities: A Case Observational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhana%20Karim">Farhana Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20N.%20S.%20Khan"> Abdullah N. S. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohiuddin%20A.%20K.%20Chowdhury"> Mohiuddin A. K. Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabila%20Zaka"> Nabila Zaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20%20Manu"> Alexander Manu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20El%20Arifeen"> Shams El Arifeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sk%20Masum%20Billah"> Sk Masum Billah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breastfeeding, an integral part of newborn care, can reduce 55-87% of all-cause neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth can avert 22% of newborn mortality. Only 45% of world’s newborns and 42% of newborns in South-Asia are put to the breast within one hour of birth. In Bangladesh, only a half of the mothers practice early initiation of breastfeeding which is less likely to be practiced if the baby is born in a health facility. This study aims to generate strong evidence for early initiation of breastfeeding practices in the government health facilities and to explore the associated factors influencing the practice. The study was conducted in selected health facilities in three neighbouring districts of Northern Bangladesh. Total 249 normal vaginal delivery cases were observed for 24 hours since the time of birth. The outcome variable was initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour while the explanatory variables included type of health facility, privacy, presence of support person, stage of labour at admission, need for augmentation of labour, complications during delivery, need for episiotomy, spontaneous cry of the newborn, skin-to-skin contact with mother, post-natal contact with the service provider, receiving a post-natal examination and counselling on breastfeeding during postnatal contact. The simple descriptive statistics were employed to see the distribution of samples according to socio-demographic characteristics. Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out for testing the equality of medians among two or more categories of each variable and P-value is reported. A series of simple logistic regressions were conducted with all the potential explanatory variables to identify the determining factors for breastfeeding within 1 hour in a health facility. Finally, multiple logistic regression was conducted including the variables found significant at bi-variate analyses. Almost 90% participants initiated breastfeeding at the health facility and median time to initiate breastfeeding was 38 minutes. However, delivering in a sub-district hospital significantly delayed the breastfeeding initiation in comparison to delivering in a district hospital. Maintenance of adequate privacy and presence of separate staff for taking care of newborn significantly reduced the time in early breastfeeding initiation. Initiation time was found longer if the mother had an augmented labour, obstetric complications, and the newborn needed resuscitation. However, the initiation time was significantly early if the baby was put skin-to-skin on mother’s abdomen and received a postnatal examination by a provider. After controlling for the potential confounders, the odds of initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth is higher if mother gives birth in a district hospital (AOR 3.0: 95% CI 1.5, 6.2), privacy is well-maintained (AOR 2.3: 95% CI 1.1, 4.5), babies cry spontaneously (AOR 7.7: 95% CI 3.3, 17.8), babies are put to skin-to-skin contact with mother (AOR 4.6: 95% CI 1.9, 11.2) and if the baby is examined by a provider in the facility (AOR 4.4: 95% CI 1.4, 14.2). The evidence generated by this study will hopefully direct the policymakers to identify and prioritize the scopes for creating and supporting early initiation of breastfeeding in the health facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20initiation%20of%20breastfeeding" title=" early initiation of breastfeeding"> early initiation of breastfeeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20facility" title=" health facility"> health facility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20vaginal%20delivery" title=" normal vaginal delivery"> normal vaginal delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20to%20skin%20contact" title=" skin to skin contact"> skin to skin contact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81037/early-initiation-of-breastfeeding-and-its-determinants-among-non-caesarean-deliveries-at-primary-and-secondary-health-facilities-a-case-observational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1281</span> Mechanical Properties of Young and Senescence Fibroblast Cells Using Passive Microrheology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Khalaji">Samira Khalaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fenneke%20Klein%20Jan"> Fenneke Klein Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kay-E.%20Gottschalk"> Kay-E. Gottschalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenia%20Makrantonaki"> Eugenia Makrantonaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Scharffetter-Kochanek"> Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological aging is a multi-dimensional process that takes place over a whole range of scales from the nanoscopic alterations within individual cells, over transformations in tissues and organs and to changes of the whole organism. On the single cell level, aging involves mutation of genes, differences in gene expression levels as well as altered posttranslational modifications of proteins. A variety of proteins is affected, including proteins of the cell cytoskeleton and migration machinery. Previous work quantified the expression of cytoskeleton proteins on the gene and protein levels in senescent and young fibroblasts. Their results show that senescent skin fibroblasts have an upregulated expression of the intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin in contrast to actin and tubulin, which are downregulated. IFs play an important role in providing mechanical stability of cells. However, the mechanical properties of IFs depending on cellular senescence or age of the donor has not been studied so far. Hence, we employed passive microrheology on primary human dermal fibroblasts from female donors with age of 28 years (young) and 86 years (old) as model of in vivo aging and human normal dermal fibroblast from 11-year old male with CPD 17-35 (young) and CPD 58-59 (senescence) as a model of in vitro replicative senescence. In contrast to the expectations, our primary results show no significant differences in the viscoelastic properties of fibroblasts depending on age of the donor or cellular replicative senescence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title="aging">aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytoskeleton" title=" cytoskeleton"> cytoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibroblast" title=" fibroblast"> fibroblast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46654/mechanical-properties-of-young-and-senescence-fibroblast-cells-using-passive-microrheology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1280</span> Baricitinib Lipid-based Nanosystems as a Topical Alternative for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Garr%C3%B3s">N. Garrós</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Bustos"> P. Bustos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Beirampour"> N. Beirampour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mohammadi"> R. Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mallandrich"> M. Mallandrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.C.%20Calpena"> A.C. Calpena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Colom">H. Colom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent skin condition characterized by chronic inflammation caused by an autoimmune response. It is a prevalent clinical issue that requires continual treatment to enhance the patient's quality of life. Systemic therapy often involves the use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants to manage symptoms. Our objective was to create and assess topical liposomal formulations containing Baricitinib (BNB), a reversible inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase (JAK), which is involved in various immune responses. These formulations were intended to address flare-ups and improve treatment outcomes for AD. We created three distinct liposomal formulations by combining different amounts of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), cholesterol (CHOL), and ceramide (CER): (i) pure POPC, (ii) POPC mixed with CHOL (at a ratio of 8:2, mol/mol), and (iii) POPC mixed with CHOL and CER (at a ratio of 3.6:2.4:4.0 mol/mol/mol). We conducted various tests to determine the formulations' skin tolerance, irritancy capacity, and their ability to cause erythema and edema on altered skin. We also assessed the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration of rabbits to evaluate the efficacy of the formulations. Histological analysis, the HET-CAM test, and the modified Draize test were all used in the evaluation process. The histological analysis revealed that liposome POPC and POPC:CHOL avoided any damage to the tissues structures. The HET-CAM test showed no irritation effect caused by any of the three liposomes, and the modified Draize test showed a good Draize score for erythema and edema. Liposome POPC effectively counteracted the impact of xylol on the skin, and no erythema or edema was observed during the study. TEWL values were constant for all the liposomes with similar values to the negative control (within the range 8 - 15 g/h·m2, which means a healthy value for rabbits), whereas the positive control showed a significant increase. The skin hydration values were constant and followed the trend of the negative control, while the positive control showed a steady increase during the tolerance study. In conclusion, the developed formulations containing BNB exhibited no harmful or irritating effects, they did not demonstrate any irritant potential in the HET-CAM test and liposomes POPC and POPC:CHOL did not cause any structural alteration according to the histological analysis. These positive findings suggest that additional research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these liposomal formulations in animal models of the disease, including mutant animals. Furthermore, before proceeding to clinical trials, biochemical investigations should be conducted to better understand the mechanisms of action involved in these formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baricitinib" title="baricitinib">baricitinib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HET-CAM%20test" title=" HET-CAM test"> HET-CAM test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histological%20study" title=" histological study"> histological study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JAK%20inhibitor" title=" JAK inhibitor"> JAK inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposomes" title=" liposomes"> liposomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20draize%20test" title=" modified draize test"> modified draize test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166385/baricitinib-lipid-based-nanosystems-as-a-topical-alternative-for-atopic-dermatitis-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1279</span> Hand Detection and Recognition for Malay Sign Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Noah%20A.%20Rahman">Mohd Noah A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzaal%20H.%20Seyal"> Afzaal H. Seyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhafilah%20Bara"> Norhafilah Bara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing a software application using an interface with computers and peripheral devices using gestures of human body such as hand movements keeps growing in interest. A review on this hand gesture detection and recognition based on computer vision technique remains a very challenging task. This is to provide more natural, innovative and sophisticated way of non-verbal communication, such as sign language, in human computer interaction. Nevertheless, this paper explores hand detection and hand gesture recognition applying a vision based approach. The hand detection and recognition used skin color spaces such as HSV and YCrCb are applied. However, there are limitations that are needed to be considered. Almost all of skin color space models are sensitive to quickly changing or mixed lighting circumstances. There are certain restrictions in order for the hand recognition to give better results such as the distance of user’s hand to the webcam and the posture and size of the hand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20detection" title="hand detection">hand detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20gesture" title=" hand gesture"> hand gesture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20recognition" title=" hand recognition"> hand recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20language" title=" sign language"> sign language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46765/hand-detection-and-recognition-for-malay-sign-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1278</span> Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Murine Epidermis and Dermis and Their Responses to Ultraviolet Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Abderrahmane%20Ayoub%20El%20Fateh">Ben Abderrahmane Ayoub El Fateh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bnina%20Rachid"> Bnina Rachid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comprehensive comparison of antioxidant defenses in the dermis and epidermis and their response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has not previously been attempted. In this study, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in epidermis and dermis of hairless mice were compared. Enzyme activities are presented both as units/gram of skin and units/milligram of protein; arguments are presented for the superiority of skin wet weight as a reference base. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (units/gram of skin) were higher in the epidermis than dermis by 49%, 86%, and 74%, respectively. Superoxide dismutase did not follow this pattern. Lipophilic antioxidants ( -tocopherol, ubiquinol 9, and ubiquinone 9) and hydrophilic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and glutathione) were 24–95% higher in the epidermis than in dermis. In contrast, oxidized glutathione was 60% lower in the epidermis than in dermis. Mice were irradiated with solar light to examine the response of these cutaneous layers to UV irradiation. After irradiation with 25 J/cm2 (UVA + UVB, from a solar simulator), 10 times the minimum erythemal dose, epidermal and dermal catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were greatly decreased. Tocopherol, ubiquinol 9, ubiquinone 9, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione decreased in both epidermis and dermis by 26-93%. Oxidizedgiutathione showed a slight, non-significant increase. Because the reduction in total ascorbate and catalase was much more severe in the epidermis than dermis, it can be concluded that UV light is more damaging to the antioxidant defenses in the epidermis than in the dermis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20defenses" title="antioxidant defenses">antioxidant defenses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymic" title=" enzymic"> enzymic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidermis" title=" epidermis"> epidermis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidizedgiutathione" title=" oxidizedgiutathione"> oxidizedgiutathione</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29067/antioxidant-defense-mechanisms-in-murine-epidermis-and-dermis-and-their-responses-to-ultraviolet-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1277</span> Reconstruction of Complex Post Oncologic Maxillectomy Defects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Kant%20Shankhdhar">Vinay Kant Shankhdhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Maxillary defects are three dimensional and require complex bone and soft tissue reconstruction. Maxillary reconstruction using fibula osteocutaneous flaps in situation requiring orbital floor, orbital wall, palatal defects, and external skin, all at the same time require special planning and multiple osteotomies. We tried to improvise our reconstruction using multiple osteotomies and skin paddle designs for fibula and Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle. This study aims at discussing the planning and outcome in complex maxillary reconstructions using fibula flaps and soft tissue flaps with or without bone grafts. Material and Methods: From 2011 to 2017 a total of 129 Free fibula flaps were done, 67 required two or more struts, 164 Anterolateral Thigh Flaps, 11 Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery perforator flaps and 3 vertical rectus abdominis muscle flaps with iliac crest bone graft. The age range was 2 to 70 years. The reconstruction was evaluated based on the post-operative rehabilitation including orbital support (prevention of diplopia), oral diet, speech and cosmetic appearance. Results: The follow- up is from 5 years to 1 year. In this series, we observed that the common complications were the de-vascularisation of most distal segment of osteotomised fibula and native skin necrosis. Commonest area of breakdown is the medial canthal region. Plate exposure occurs most commonly at the pyriform sinus. There was extrusion of one non-vascularized bone graft. All these complications were noticed post-radiotherapy. Conclusions: The use of free fibula osteocutaneous flap gives very good results when only alveolar reconstruction is required. The reconstruction of orbital floor with extensive skin loss with post operative radiotherapy has maximum complication rate in long term follow up. A soft tissue flap with non vascularized bone graft may be the best option in such cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxilla%20reconstruction" title="maxilla reconstruction">maxilla reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibula%20maxilla" title=" fibula maxilla"> fibula maxilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20cancer%20maxillary%20reconstruction" title=" post cancer maxillary reconstruction"> post cancer maxillary reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110980/reconstruction-of-complex-post-oncologic-maxillectomy-defects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1276</span> The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Full Thickness Skin Wound Healing in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20O.%20El%20Sadik">Abir O. El Sadik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Wound healing involves the interaction of multiple biological processes among different types of cells, intercellular matrix and specific signaling factors producing enhancement of cell proliferation of the epidermis over dermal granulation tissue. Several studies investigated multiple strategies to promote wound healing and to minimize infection and fluid losses. However, burn crisis, and its related morbidity and mortality are still elevated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in accelerating wound healing and to compare the most efficient route of administration of MSCs, either intradermal or systemic injection, with focusing on the mechanisms producing epidermal and dermal cell regeneration. Material and methods: Forty-two adult male Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into three equal groups (fourteen rats in each group): control group (group I); full thickness surgical skin wound model, Group II: Wound treated with systemic injection of MSCs and Group III: Wound treated with intradermal injection of MSCs. The healing ulcer was examined on day 2, 6, 10 and 15 for gross morphological evaluation and on day 10 and 15 for fluorescent, histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: The wounds of the control group did not reach complete closure up to the end of the experiment. In MSCs treated groups, better and faster healing of wounds were detected more than the control group. Moreover, the intradermal route of administration of stem cells increased the rate of healing of the wounds more than the systemic injection. In addition, the wounds were found completely healed by the end of the fifteenth day of the experiment in all rats of the group injected intradermally. Microscopically, the wound areas of group III were hardly distinguished from the adjacent normal skin with complete regeneration of all skin layers; epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and underlying muscle layer. Fully regenerated hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the dermis of the healed areas surrounded by different arrangement of collagen fibers with a significant increase in their area percent were recorded in this group more than in other groups. Conclusion: MSCs accelerate the healing process of wound closure. The route of administration of MSCs has a great influence on wound healing as intradermal injection of MSCs was more effective in enhancement of wound healing than systemic injection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intradermal" title="intradermal">intradermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title=" mesenchymal stem cells"> mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20wound" title=" skin wound"> skin wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20injection" title=" systemic injection"> systemic injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76807/the-effect-of-mesenchymal-stem-cells-on-full-thickness-skin-wound-healing-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1275</span> Finite Element Method Analysis of a Modified Rotor 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor's and Comparison with Brushless Direct Current Motor in Pan-Tilt Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umit%20Candan">Umit Candan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadir%20Dogan"> Kadir Dogan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozkan%20Akin"> Ozkan Akin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the use of a modified rotor 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) and a Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC) in pan-tilt systems is compared. Pan-tilt systems are critical mechanisms that enable the precise orientation of cameras and sensors, and their performance largely depends on the characteristics of the motors used. The aim of the study is to determine how the performance of the SRM can be improved through rotor modifications and how these improvements can compete with BLDC motors. Using Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses, the design characteristics and magnetic performance of the 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor are examined in detail. The modified SRM is found to offer increased torque capacity and efficiency while standing out with its simple construction and robustness. FEM analysis results of SRM indicate that considering its cost-effectiveness and performance improvements achieved through modifications, the SRM is a strong alternative for certain pan-tilt applications. This study aims to provide engineers and researchers with a performance comparison of the modified rotor 6/4 SRM and BLDC motors in pan-tilt systems, helping them make more informed and effective motor selections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reluctance%20machines" title="reluctance machines">reluctance machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20reluctance%20machines" title=" switched reluctance machines"> switched reluctance machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pan-tilt%20application" title=" pan-tilt application"> pan-tilt application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20analysis" title=" FEM analysis"> FEM analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186393/finite-element-method-analysis-of-a-modified-rotor-64-switched-reluctance-motors-and-comparison-with-brushless-direct-current-motor-in-pan-tilt-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1274</span> De-Pigmentary Effect of Ayurvedic Treatment on Hyper-Pigmentation of Skin Due to Chloroquine: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar">Sunil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Sharma"> Rajesh Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toxic epidermal necrolysis, pruritis, rashes, lichen planus like eruption, hyper pigmentation of skin are rare toxic effects of choloroquine used over a long time. Skin and mucus membrane hyper pigmentation is generally of a bluish black or grayish color and irreversible after discontinuation of the drug. According to Ayurveda, Dushivisha is the name given to any poisonous substance which is not fully endowed with the qualities of poison by nature (i.e. it acts as an impoverished or weak poison) and because of its mild potency, it remains in the body for many years causing various symptoms, one among them being discoloration of skin.The objective of this case report is to investigate the effect of Ayurvedic management of chloroquine induced hyper-pigmentation on the line of treatment of Dushivisha. Case Report: A 26-year-old female was suffering from hyper-pigmentation of the skin over the neck, forehead, temporo-mandibular joints, upper back and posterior aspect of both the arms since 8 years had history of taking Chloroquine came to Out Patient Department of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India in Jan. 2015. The routine investigations (CBC, ESR, Eosinophil count) were within normal limits. Punch biopsy skin studied for histopathology under hematoxylin and eosin staining showed epidermis with hyper-pigmentation of the basal layer. In the papillary dermis as well as deep dermis there were scattered melanophages along with infiltration by mononuclear cells. There was no deposition of amyloid-like substances. These histopathological findings were suggestive of Chloroquine induced hyper-pigmentation. The case was treated on the line of treatment of Dushivisha and was given Vamana and Virechana (therapeutic emesis and purgation) every six months followed by Snehana karma (oleation therapy) with Panchatikta Ghrit and Swedana (sudation). Arogyavardhini Vati -1 g, Dushivishari Vati 500 mg, Mahamanjisthadi Quath 20 ml were given twelve hourly and Aragwadhadi Quath 25 ml at bed time orally. The patient started showing lightening of the pigments after six months and almost complete remission after 12 months of the treatment. Conclusion: This patient presented with the Dushivisha effect of Chloroquineandwas administered two relevant procedures from Panchakarma viz. Vamana and Virechana. Both Vamana and Virechanakarma here referred to Shodhana karma (purification procedures) eliminates accumulated toxins from the body. In this process, oleation dislodge the toxins from the tissues and sudation helps to bring them to the alimentary tract. The line of treatment did not target direct hypo pigmentary effects; rather aimed to eliminate the Dushivisha. This gave promising results in this condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloroquine" title=" chloroquine"> chloroquine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dushivisha" title=" Dushivisha"> Dushivisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-pigmentation" title=" hyper-pigmentation"> hyper-pigmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55881/de-pigmentary-effect-of-ayurvedic-treatment-on-hyper-pigmentation-of-skin-due-to-chloroquine-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> 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