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aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazimierz Sabbat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 22 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="كازيميرز سابات — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كازيميرز سابات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="كازيميرز سابات — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازيميرز سابات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Казімеж Сабат — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казімеж Сабат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кажимеж Сабат — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кажимеж Сабат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84" title="Καζίμιες Σάμπατ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζίμιες Σάμπατ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کاژیمیش سابات — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاژیمیش سابات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Саббат, Казимеж — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саббат, Казимеж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Казімеж Саббат — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казімеж Саббат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazimierz Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%BD%90%E7%B1%B3%E6%97%A5%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9" title="卡齐米日·萨巴特 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡齐米日·萨巴特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55842#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Kazimierz Sabbat</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazimierz Sabbat"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg/200px-Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg/300px-Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg/400px-Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Kazimierz Sabbat</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">27 de fevereiro de 1913<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">19 de julho de 1989 (<span style="white-space:nowrap">76 anos</span>)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Sepultamento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Gunnersbury Cemetery </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Polónia </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cônjuge </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Anna Sabbat </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtico" title="Político">político</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escritor" title="Escritor">escritor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empreendedor" class="mw-redirect" title="Empreendedor">empreendedor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordem_da_%C3%81guia_Branca" title="Ordem da Águia Branca">Ordem da Águia Branca</a></li><li>Grã-Cruz da Ordem Polônia Restituta</li><li>Comandante com Estrela da Ordem da Polônia Restituta</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55842" class="extiw" title="d:Q55842">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (27 de fevereiro de 1913 – 19 de julho de 1989), foi <a href="/wiki/Presidente_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Presidente da Polônia">Presidente da Polônia</a> no Exílio a partir de 8 de abril de 1986 até sua morte, em 19 de julho de 1989, depois de servir (desde 1976) como Primeiro-Ministro do <a href="/wiki/Governo_polon%C3%AAs_no_ex%C3%ADlio" title="Governo polonês no exílio">Governo polaco no Exílio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sabbat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sabbat&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazimierz Sabbat nasceu em 27 de fevereiro de 1913, em Bieliny Kapitulne. Concluído o ensino secundário em <a href="/wiki/Mielec" title="Mielec">Mielec</a>, estudou Direito na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Vars%C3%B3via" title="Universidade de Varsóvia">Universidade de Varsóvia</a>, pouco antes da II Guerra Mundial. Foi um escuteiro e manteve-se dedicado ao conceito de <a href="/wiki/Escotismo" title="Escotismo">Escutismo</a>, mesmo no tempo de exílio. </p><p>Depois de um curto período de serviço na <a href="/wiki/Marinha_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Marinha da Polônia">Marinha</a>, Sabbat foi dirigido para a Brigada Motorizada de <a href="/wiki/Stanislaw_Maczek" title="Stanislaw Maczek">Stanisław Maczek</a>. Ferido durante a retirada polaca na <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, conseguiu chegar à Grã-Bretanha, onde foi direcionado para o <i>British General Staff</i>, como responsável para a juventude. </p><p>Depois de ser dispensado do exército em 1948, começou com sucesso o seu próprio negócio na Inglaterra, e mais tarde, trabalhou no Escutismo e na Associação de Veteranos Polacos, numa base de voluntariado. </p><p>Como executivo da <i>União Nacional</i> polaca, dirigiu a divisão de tesouraria e, em 1976, tornou-se o Primeiro-Ministro do <a href="/wiki/Governo_polon%C3%AAs_no_ex%C3%ADlio" title="Governo polonês no exílio">governo polaco no exílio</a>. Tentou unir os vários círculos emigrantes e criou vínculos mais fortes com o movimento de oposição na Polônia, que beneficiaram do Governo no exílio por diferentes Fundos. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG/280px-Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG/420px-Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG/560px-Sabbat_gr%C3%B3b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Túmulo do Presidente Kazimierz Sabbat</figcaption></figure> <p>Tornou-se Presidente da República da Polónia (no Exílio), em 1986, sucedendo a <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bernard_Raczy%C5%84ski" title="Edward Bernard Raczyński">Edward Raczyński</a>. </p><p>Morreu em Londres, aos 76 anos, em 1989, no mesmo dia em que <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> foi eleito pelo parlamento como o primeiro Presidente da Polónia desde a década de 1950. <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kaczorowski" title="Ryszard Kaczorowski">Ryszard Kaczorowski</a>, Ministro dos Assuntos internos e sucessor designado, tomou posse no exílio e em 22 de dezembro de 1990, após as primeiras eleições livres na Polónia desde a guerra, entregou seus poderes e a insígnia da <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Polonesa" title="Segunda República Polonesa">Segunda República polaca</a> ao Presidente eleito, <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Walesa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sabbat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sabbat&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bieliny.pl/asp/">«Urząd Gminy Bieliny»</a>. <i>www.bieliny.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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