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Explore jobs and internships here.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-163" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="https://minorityrights.org/get-involved/partner-with-us/">Partner with us<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Join our network of over 300 partner organizations representing minority and indigenous communities in over 60 countries.</p></div></li></ul></div><div class="menu__sub-col menu__sub-col--left"><p class="menu__link-name">About us</p><p class="menu__link-desc">We work with minority and indigenous communities in defence of their rights. Our work is informed by our network of over 300 partners in more than 60 countries.</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/about-us/#Newsletter" style="--bgcolor: #000000; --textcolor: #FFFFFF;" role="button" class="btn-bordered btn-bordered menu__newsletter" > <span class="btn-bordered__text">Sign up to our newsletter</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-bordered__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 12" fill="none"> <path d="M0 6L14 6" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M9.09 11.25L14 6L9.09 0.75" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> </svg> </a> </div></div></div></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-1286" class="menu__wrapper menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children"><div class="menu__inner-wrapper"><a role="menuitem" href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/" class="menu__link">Resources</a><button class="menu__arrow"><svg width="21" height="21" viewBox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.418 8.21875L10.418 13.2188L5.41797 8.21875" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.67" stroke-linecap="square"/></svg></button></div><div class="menu__sub-wrapper"><div class="menu__sub-inner-wrapper"><div class="container menu__sub-inner-container"><div class="menu__sub-col"><ul class="menu__sub"><li role="none" id="menu-item-2157" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=reports-and-briefings">Reports and briefings<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Reports, briefings, investigations and more on minority and indigenous issues.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-2156" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=flagship-publications">Flagship publications<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Discover global reports on emerging trends and cross-cutting issues affecting minorities and indigenous peoples.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-138936" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=digital-reports">Digital reports<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Discover some of our publications in an online, accessible format.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-7778" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=guides-and-toolkits">Guides and toolkits<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Informative and instructional materials to help organizations and individuals in the struggle for minority and indigenous rights.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-7777" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=strategy-documents">Strategy documents<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Find out more about our strategy, impact and history.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-7779" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=partner-publications">Partner publications<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">A selection of publications produced by our global network of partner organizations.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-2316" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/resources/?content_type%5B0%5D=film">Films<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">We produce and support documentary films on minority and indigenous communities, their rights and struggles for justice.</p></div></li></ul></div><div class="menu__sub-col menu__sub-col--left"><p class="menu__link-name">Resources</p><p class="menu__link-desc">Browse our library of reports, toolkits, films and more.</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/#Newsletter" style="--bgcolor: #000000; --textcolor: #FFFFFF;" role="button" class="btn-bordered btn-bordered menu__newsletter" > <span class="btn-bordered__text">Sign up to our newsletter</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-bordered__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 12" fill="none"> <path d="M0 6L14 6" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M9.09 11.25L14 6L9.09 0.75" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> </svg> </a> </div></div></div></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-1290" class="menu__wrapper menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children"><div class="menu__inner-wrapper"><a role="menuitem" href="https://minorityrights.org/voices/" class="menu__link">Voices</a><button class="menu__arrow"><svg width="21" height="21" viewBox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.418 8.21875L10.418 13.2188L5.41797 8.21875" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.67" stroke-linecap="square"/></svg></button></div><div class="menu__sub-wrapper"><div class="menu__sub-inner-wrapper"><div class="container menu__sub-inner-container"><div class="menu__sub-col"><ul class="menu__sub"><li role="none" id="menu-item-2158" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/voices#Latest">News<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Get the latest insights, updates and statements from our staff, partners and allies.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-2159" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/voices#Minoritystories">Minority stories<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Explore some of our reports in online multimedia formats.</p></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-2160" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="/voices#SofaTalks">Sofa Talks<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 9.21875L19.6698 5.21875L15.9258 1.21875" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/></svg></a><div class="menu__sub-desc-wrapper"><p class="menu__sub-desc">Interviews with inspiring minority and indigenous activists.</p></div></li></ul></div><div class="menu__sub-col menu__sub-col--left"><p class="menu__link-name">Voices</p><p class="menu__link-desc">Get the latest insights, updates and statements from our staff, partners and allies.</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/voices/#Newsletter" style="--bgcolor: #000000; --textcolor: #FFFFFF;" role="button" class="btn-bordered btn-bordered menu__newsletter" > <span class="btn-bordered__text">Sign up to our newsletter</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-bordered__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 12" fill="none"> <path d="M0 6L14 6" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M9.09 11.25L14 6L9.09 0.75" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> </svg> </a> </div></div></div></div></li><li role="none" id="menu-item-171" class="menu__wrapper menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children"><div class="menu__inner-wrapper"><a role="menuitem" href="https://minorityrights.org/get-involved/" class="menu__link">Take action</a><button class="menu__arrow"><svg width="21" height="21" viewBox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.418 8.21875L10.418 13.2188L5.41797 8.21875" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.67" stroke-linecap="square"/></svg></button></div><div class="menu__sub-wrapper"><div class="menu__sub-inner-wrapper"><div class="container menu__sub-inner-container"><div class="menu__sub-col"><ul class="menu__sub"><li role="none" id="menu-item-2165" class="menu__sub-link-wrapper menu-item menu-item-type- menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a role="menuitem" class="menu__sub-link" href="https://minorityrights.org/get-involved/partner-with-us/">Partner with us<svg class="menu__sub-link-arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="10" viewBox="0 0 21 10" fill="none"><path d="M0.933594 5.21875H18.9334" stroke="#006627" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M15.9258 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Home </a> </span> <span role="listitem"> / </span> <span class="breadcrumbs__item" role="listitem"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/world-map/"> World map </a> </span> <span role="listitem"> / </span> <span class="breadcrumbs__item" role="listitem"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/regions/western-europe/"> Western Europe </a> </span> <span role="listitem"> / </span> <span class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--last" role="listitem"> <span> Finland </span> </span> </span> </nav> </div> </section> <section style="background-image: url(https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2024/03/finland.png.png);" id="" class="map-image map-image--white map-image--filled "> <div class="map-image__content"> <div class="container-right"> <div class="container-wrapper map-image__content-wrapper"> <div class="map-image__title-wrapper"> <h1 class="map-image__title">Finland</h1> </div> <div class="map-image__btn-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/world-map/" style="--bgcolor: #FFF; --textcolor: #000;" role="button" aria-label="Return to world map" class="btn-bordered map-image__btn btn-bordered--mobile-wide" > <span class="btn-bordered__text">Return to world map</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-bordered__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 12" fill="none"> <path d="M0 6L14 6" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M9.09 11.25L14 6L9.09 0.75" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="" style="--bgcolor:#006627;" class="related-list"> <div class="container-right"> <div class="container-wrapper tabs"> <ul class="related-list__tabs"> <li id="" class="tabs__single-tab tabs__single-tab--active"> <ul role="region" class="related-list__tab-content"> <li class="related-list__tab-item"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/communities/roma-6/" class="related-list__tab-item-btn">Roma in Finland</a> </li> <li class="related-list__separator-item"><span class="related-list__separator"></span></li> <li class="related-list__tab-item"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/communities/sami/" class="related-list__tab-item-btn">Sami in Finland</a> </li> <li class="related-list__separator-item"><span class="related-list__separator"></span></li> <li class="related-list__tab-item"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/communities/swedish-speakers/" class="related-list__tab-item-btn">Swedish Speakers in Finland</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section id="" style="--bgcolor:#006627;" class="content-tabs hidden-content content-tabs--content"> <div class="container-right"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div style="--bgcolor:#006627;" class="content-tabs content-tabs--nav"> <nav class="content-tabs__nav"> <ul class="content-tabs__list"> <li class="content-tabs__list-item"> <button class="tabs__btn content-tabs__btn btn-navigation btn-navigation--active" aria-controls="item95srf8">Communities</button> </li> <li class="content-tabs__list-item"> <button class="tabs__btn content-tabs__btn btn-navigation" aria-controls="item80ngd2">Background</button> </li> <li class="content-tabs__list-item"> <button class="tabs__btn content-tabs__btn btn-navigation" aria-controls="item28jrq5">Current issues</button> </li> <li class="content-tabs__list-item"> <button class="tabs__btn content-tabs__btn btn-navigation" aria-controls="item26wuy6">Contacts</button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <ul class="content-tabs__tabs"> <li id="item95srf8" class="hidden-content__item tabs__single-tab tabs__single-tab--active"> <div> <p><span data-contrast="auto"><strong>Main languages</strong>: Finnish</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (</span><span data-contrast="auto">88</span><span data-contrast="auto">.3</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">, Swedish</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (</span><span data-contrast="auto">5</span><span data-contrast="auto">.3</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">, </span><span data-contrast="auto">Russian (1</span><span data-contrast="auto">.4</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">), </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (0.03</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"134233117":true,"134233118":true,"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"><strong>Main religions:</strong> Evangelical Lutheran Christianity</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (72</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">, Finnish Orthodox</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (1.1</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"134233117":true,"134233118":true,"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"><strong>Minority groups include:</strong> </span><span data-contrast="auto">Swedish</span><span data-contrast="auto">–</span><span data-contrast="auto">s</span><span data-contrast="auto">peakers (5</span><span data-contrast="auto">.3</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">), Russian</span><span data-contrast="auto">-speakers</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (</span><span data-contrast="auto">1</span><span data-contrast="auto">.4</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">), Estonians (</span><span data-contrast="auto">0.9</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">), Roma (0.</span><span data-contrast="auto">2</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">, and </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (0.</span><span data-contrast="auto">1</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent</span><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-contrast="auto">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"134233117":true,"134233118":true,"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Numbering around 8,000 people</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (with some estimates reaching 10,000)</span><span data-contrast="auto">, </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> are the country’s only indigenous </span><span data-contrast="none">people</span><span data-contrast="none">. </span><span data-contrast="none">A sizeable number</span><span data-contrast="none"> live in northernmost Lapland, in an area known as the ‘</span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> Homeland’</span><span data-contrast="none">, although more than 60 per cent now reside elsewhere in the country</span><span data-contrast="none">. There is a far larger population in Norway, and they also </span><span data-contrast="none">live </span><span data-contrast="none">in Sweden and Russia.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Roma of the eastern Kale group settled in Finland at the end of the sixteenth century</span><span data-contrast="none">. With a current population of around 11,000 people, they</span><span data-contrast="none"> mostly live in urban areas.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Swedish-speakers live mostly in the coastal regions of </span><span data-contrast="none">Österbotten</span><span data-contrast="none">, Nyland and </span><span data-contrast="none">Åboland</span><span data-contrast="none">, and on the </span><span data-contrast="none">Åland</span><span data-contrast="none"> Islands</span><span data-contrast="none">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"134233117":true,"134233118":true,"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Russian-speakers are partly a historical minority and partly new immigrants, some with Finnish citizenship and some non-citizens. </span><span data-contrast="none">Russians who settled in Finland from the eighteenth century to the aftermath of the </span><span data-contrast="none">First </span><span data-contrast="none">World War are often referred to as Old Russians. The first group of Russians settled in the eastern province of Karelia. Old Russian communities in and around Helsinki, Turku, and Tampere are mostly the descendants of civil servants, officers and merchants who settled during the nineteenth century. They may also be the descendants of people who fled the Russian Revolution. The most recent group of Russians in Finland (called the New Russians) immigrated from the 1960s onwards and especially since 1991. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">The number of Old Russians has been estimated at 2,500 to 5,000.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">Old Russians fall within the </span><span data-contrast="none">scope of </span><span data-contrast="none">Finland</span><span data-contrast="none">’</span><span data-contrast="none">s obligations under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</span><span data-contrast="none">,</span><span data-contrast="none"> the key European treaty on minority groups. Russian immigrants from the former Soviet Union do not. The Union of Finland’s Russian-Speaking Societies has criticized the division </span><span data-contrast="none">between</span><span data-contrast="none"> Old Russians and so-called New Russians, made for the purposes of the implementation of the Framework Convention, as being at best artificial and misleading, and at worse unfounded and useless.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Jews first arrived in Sweden–Finland during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Present-day Finnish Jews, </span><span data-contrast="none">estimated to </span><span data-contrast="none">number </span><span data-contrast="none">up to </span><span data-contrast="none">1,</span><span data-contrast="none">8</span><span data-contrast="none">00</span><span data-contrast="none"> people</span><span data-contrast="none">,</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">are </span><span data-contrast="none">mainly</span><span data-contrast="none"> descendants of</span><span data-contrast="none"> later arrivals of Russian origin. In 1918, after Finland gained independence, Jews were granted full rights as citizens. The Jews moving to Finland in the eighteenth century spoke Russian and Yiddish </span><span data-contrast="none">and, upon settling in Finland, chose Swedish as their first language. In 1932 it was decided that the language of instruction at the Jewish school in Helsinki should be Finnish instead of Swedish. Jews </span><span data-contrast="none">have been</span><span data-contrast="none"> basically bilingual, </span><span data-contrast="none">al</span><span data-contrast="none">though younger</span><span data-contrast="none"> generations have increasingly</span><span data-contrast="none"> tend</span><span data-contrast="none">ed</span><span data-contrast="none"> to be unilingual Finnish-speaking.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Islamic Tatars came to Finland from the </span><span data-contrast="none">Sergatch</span><span data-contrast="none"> region on the Volga from the 1880s to the 1920s. They were merchants and settled mainly in the Helsinki area. In 1925, the founded the first Finnish Islamic congregation.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">According to government documents in 2007, Tatars number about 800, although the total number of Muslims in Finland (many of them recent immigrants from various countries in the Islamic world) is unofficially estimated to be </span><span data-contrast="none">around 60-70,000 people</span><span data-contrast="none">. Tatars have kept their Turkic language alive, using it mainly in family and private life. Their religious organization arranges the regular teaching of Turkic to children, and there are summer camp courses in Turkic.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":284,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> </div> </li> <li id="item80ngd2" class="hidden-content__item tabs__single-tab"> <div> <h2>Environment</h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Finland is located in northern Europe and shares land borders with Sweden, Norway, and Russia. The </span><span data-contrast="none">Åland</span><span data-contrast="none"> Islands</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">(off the south-western coast) have a special autonomy arrangement while remaining under Finnish sovereignty.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <h2>History</h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">What is now Finland belonged to the Kingdom of Sweden from the twelfth century to 1809, when the area, including the </span><span data-contrast="none">Åland</span><span data-contrast="none"> Islands</span><span data-contrast="none">, was ceded to Russia. Finland declared independence in 1917, and its 1919 Constitution gave it a parliamentary system with a strong presidency</span><span data-contrast="none">.</span><span data-contrast="none"> Finnish and Swedish were both designated national languages. The Soviet Union was one of the first states to recognize Finland</span><span data-contrast="none">. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Finland experienced numerous conflicts during the first decades of independence. A civil war was fought in 1918 between forces loyal to the Social Democrats on the one hand, and the non-socialist conservative-led Senate; by the war’s en</span><span data-contrast="none">d, almost 37,000 people had died. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland, leading to the Winter War. Despite being considerably outnumbered, the Finnish forces were </span><span data-contrast="none">initially </span><span data-contrast="none">able to </span><span data-contrast="none">resist</span><span data-contrast="none">, using guerrilla tactics and their knowledge of the local terrain. Nevertheless, the war ended with a peace treaty that led to Finland ceding 9 per cent of its territory, including the country’s second largest city, Viipuri. </span><span data-contrast="none">25,000 Finns died as a result of the conflict, and o</span><span data-contrast="none">ver 400,000 Karelians were </span><span data-contrast="none">displaced</span><span data-contrast="none">. In 1941, conflict </span><span data-contrast="none">broke out again </span><span data-contrast="none">between the two countries. This time the war last</span><span data-contrast="none">ed</span><span data-contrast="none"> over two years with the opposing sides digging down, once Finland had regained territories which it </span><span data-contrast="none">previously ceded. In 1944, the Soviet army went on the offensive, </span><span data-contrast="none">forc</span><span data-contrast="none">ing</span><span data-contrast="none"> the Finnish </span><span data-contrast="none">army</span><span data-contrast="none"> from</span><span data-contrast="none"> most of the terrain it had regained. Conflict concluded later that year </span><span data-contrast="none">with</span><span data-contrast="none"> an armistice, followed by the Paris peace treaty of 1947. Finland had to cede much of Karelia to the Soviet Union and pay reparations.</span><span data-contrast="none"> Over 63,000 Finns died during this second conflict.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">Although Finland and Nazi Germany were co-belligerents and despite strong pressure</span><span data-contrast="none"> from </span><span data-contrast="none">its</span><span data-contrast="none"> ally</span><span data-contrast="none">, the </span><span data-contrast="none">Finnish </span><span data-contrast="none">government refused to take any action against its Jewish </span><span data-contrast="none">minority which continued to enjoy the full</span><span data-contrast="none"> range of rights as other citizens.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Finland joined the European Union in 1995</span><span data-contrast="none">,</span><span data-contrast="none"> and i</span><span data-contrast="none">n the same ye</span><span data-contrast="none">a</span><span data-contrast="none">r, </span><span data-contrast="none">the </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">people </span><span data-contrast="none">were officially recognized</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">as an indigenous people </span><span data-contrast="none">in the Finnish </span><span data-contrast="none">C</span><span data-contrast="none">onstitution</span><span data-contrast="none">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <h2>Governance</h2> <p><span data-contrast="none">The Swedish language remains protected under provisions of the Finnish Constitution and language legislation as an official language alongside Finnish. Swedish schools and institutes of higher education continue to ensure the future of Swedish language and culture. However, emigration to Sweden and the low birth rate among Swedish</span><span data-contrast="none">-speaking</span><span data-contrast="none"> Finns mean that the proportion of younger age groups is decreasing, leading to a population decline.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">The Finnish Constitution recognizes </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">as an indigenous people</span><span data-contrast="none">, as well as</span><span data-contrast="none"> their right to cultural autonomy. However, p</span><span data-contrast="none">rospects for Finnish </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none">, as for all </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none">, involve the struggle to maintain their culture as their traditional northern reindeer grazing lands are increasingly exploited by modern</span><span data-contrast="none"> extractive</span><span data-contrast="none"> industr</span><span data-contrast="none">ies</span><span data-contrast="none">. </span><span data-contrast="none">A key</span><span data-contrast="none"> priority remains to protect their wildlife resources for sustainable use.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">The far-right True Finns </span><span data-contrast="none">P</span><span data-contrast="none">arty gained votes in the 2011 election</span><span data-contrast="none">s</span><span data-contrast="none">, becoming the third largest party in parliament</span><span data-contrast="none">. A</span><span data-contrast="none">fter </span><span data-contrast="none">the </span><span data-contrast="none">2015 elections the Finnish government again became more conservative</span><span data-contrast="none">, when the (now renamed) Finns Party joined the governing coalition</span><span data-contrast="none">.</span><span data-contrast="none"> These shifts have</span><span data-contrast="none"> added to concerns over the growing support for right-wing nationalist parties across Scandinavia.</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">In June 2017, the 38 MPs of the Finns</span><span data-contrast="none"> Party</span><span data-contrast="none"> split into two</span><span data-contrast="none"> groupings</span><span data-contrast="none">, in order to save the coalition government. </span><span data-contrast="none">A new group comprising the 21 more moderate Finns MPs formed the New Alternative, allowing the coalition to remain in place.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">The 2015 election was also significant for minority rights in another way. It was the first time since 1979 that the resulting coalition government did not include at least one minister from the </span><span data-contrast="none">Svenska </span><span data-contrast="none">Folkpartiet</span><span data-contrast="none"> (SFP</span><span data-contrast="none">, or Swedish People’s Party</span><span data-contrast="none">)</span><span data-contrast="none">. This created concern amongst Swedish-speaking Finns, as the party’s presence in successive governments had long guaranteed the Swedish language’s protected status. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">In 2009, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health set up a working group </span><span data-contrast="none">which</span><span data-contrast="none"> draft</span><span data-contrast="none">ed</span><span data-contrast="none"> the first Finnish National Policy on Roma. The purpose of the policy is to promote the equal inclusion of Roma in Finnish life. </span><span data-contrast="none">A</span><span data-contrast="none">n</span><span data-contrast="none"> EU</span><span data-contrast="none"> assessment in 2014 noted some positive steps, for instance with regard to Roma teacher training</span><span data-contrast="none"> and increased presence of Roma children in early education</span><span data-contrast="none">; however, </span><span data-contrast="none">the EU Commission noted that </span><span data-contrast="none">more needed to be done in terms of assessing results</span><span data-contrast="none">. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559739":150,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Finland has yet to ratify I</span><span data-contrast="none">nternational </span><span data-contrast="none">L</span><span data-contrast="none">abour </span><span data-contrast="none">O</span><span data-contrast="none">rganization</span><span data-contrast="none"> Convention </span><span data-contrast="none">No. </span><span data-contrast="none">169 </span><span data-contrast="none">concerning</span><span data-contrast="none"> Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. </span><span data-contrast="none">In 2015, ratification was considered with the </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> Parliament Act</span><span data-contrast="none">;</span><span data-contrast="none"> however</span><span data-contrast="none">,</span><span data-contrast="none"> it was voted down by 162 votes to 28.</span></p> </div> </li> <li id="item28jrq5" class="hidden-content__item tabs__single-tab"> <div> <p><span data-contrast="auto">While the large majority of Finland’s population is ethnically Finnish, with a significant Swedish-speaking minority, like other Scandinavian countries its population has become more heterogeneous in recent years as a result of immigration. It also includes a small Roma population, primarily based in its cities, who still </span><span data-contrast="auto">face</span><span data-contrast="auto"> widespread social prejudice and stigmatization. Finland’s </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">community</span><span data-contrast="auto">,</span><span data-contrast="auto"> numbering some </span><span data-contrast="auto">8</span><span data-contrast="auto">,000 in total, are indigenous to the region</span><span data-contrast="auto">;</span><span data-contrast="auto"> despite official recognition, however, they struggle to retain their traditional way of life. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":426,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Land rights remain</span><span data-contrast="auto"> a salient issue in Finland</span><span data-contrast="auto">,</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">affecting in particular</span><span data-contrast="auto"> the </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> community. </span><span data-contrast="auto">Almost all of traditional </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> land is currently controlled by the Finnish government</span><span data-contrast="auto">. In recent years some of the world’s largest mining companies have conducted exploratory drilling in </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> reindeer-herding areas. In 2016, the government passed a new Forestry Act that gives the state-run enterprise </span><span data-contrast="auto">Mets</span><span data-contrast="auto">ä</span><span data-contrast="auto">hallitus</span><span data-contrast="auto"> the ability to </span><span data-contrast="auto">log</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">in </span><span data-contrast="auto">the</span><span data-contrast="auto"> ancient</span><span data-contrast="auto"> boreal forest</span><span data-contrast="auto">s</span><span data-contrast="auto"> that is vital to </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> livelihoods without the need for prior consultation.</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> herding cooperatives had previously arrived at an agreement with </span><span data-contrast="auto">Mets</span><span data-contrast="auto">ä</span><span data-contrast="auto">hallitus</span><span data-contrast="auto"> in 2010, according to which harvesting restrictions would be applied; since then, however, there have been numerous disputes about whether the agreement </span><span data-contrast="auto">and resulting plans </span><span data-contrast="auto">ha</span><span data-contrast="auto">ve</span><span data-contrast="auto"> been followed by the company. </span><span data-contrast="auto"> A key concern is that Finland has yet to sign ILO Convention No. 169</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (ILO 169) </span><span data-contrast="auto">concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, despite </span><span data-contrast="auto">prolonged</span><span data-contrast="auto"> advocacy by </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> organizations. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":426,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">Another issue is t</span><span data-contrast="none">he disappearance of indigenous languages. According to UNESCO, all </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> languages are endangered</span><span data-contrast="none">,</span><span data-contrast="none"> and particularly in Finland,</span><span data-contrast="none"> the UN</span><span data-contrast="none"> and other agencies</span><span data-contrast="none"> ha</span><span data-contrast="none">ve</span><span data-contrast="none"> expressed concern at the lack of protections for the language</span><span data-contrast="none">s</span><span data-contrast="none">. </span><span data-contrast="none">In </span><span data-contrast="none">201</span><span data-contrast="none">6, the Council of Europe recommended that </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> education be strengthened, while</span><span data-contrast="none"> express</span><span data-contrast="none">ing</span><span data-contrast="none"> concern at the lack of protection for</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">Inari and Skolt </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none">, noting that these </span><span data-contrast="none">languages </span><span data-contrast="none">are especially at risk of becoming extinct. </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> children are unable to access education in </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> language</span><span data-contrast="none">s</span><span data-contrast="none"> outside of the </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> homeland</span><span data-contrast="none">, despite the fact that</span><span data-contrast="none"> </span><span data-contrast="none">more than 70</span><span data-contrast="auto"> per cent of </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> children</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">live </span><span data-contrast="auto">outside the region</span><span data-contrast="auto">. </span><span data-contrast="auto">The </span><span data-contrast="auto">UN </span><span data-contrast="auto">Committee</span><span data-contrast="auto"> on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">has </span><span data-contrast="auto">also expressed concern at the lack of teachers who are qualified to teach </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> language</span><span data-contrast="auto">s</span><span data-contrast="none"> and </span><span data-contrast="none">that </span><span data-contrast="none">there are </span><span data-contrast="none">in</span><span data-contrast="none">sufficient health and social services available in </span><span data-contrast="none">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="none"> language</span><span data-contrast="none">s</span><span data-contrast="none">.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Political representation also remains a contested matter owing to the fact that according to the current Nordic </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Convention, the government retains the power to determine who is </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> and thus </span><span data-contrast="auto">is </span><span data-contrast="auto">eligible to participate in </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Parliamentary elections. The </span><span data-contrast="auto">Sámi</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Parliament has been pushing for increased power for years – particularly regarding the ratification of ILO 169 and acknowledgment of their right to prior consultation.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Finland’s official policy towards migrants and refugees has </span><span data-contrast="auto">generally been positive. </span><span data-contrast="auto">Nevertheless,</span><span data-contrast="auto"> the annual quota of </span><span data-contrast="auto">750 </span><span data-contrast="auto">refugees </span><span data-contrast="auto">to be </span><span data-contrast="auto">received for resettlement</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">has been low compared with its Nordic neighbours.</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Moreover, in 2018, the UN refugee agency UNHCR criticised the Finnish authorities for their restrictive application of the ‘internal flight alternative’ (whereby </span><span data-contrast="auto">asylum-seekers are</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-contrast="auto">rejected on the grounds that they should have </span><span data-contrast="auto">been able to stay elsewhere in their countr</span><span data-contrast="auto">ies</span><span data-contrast="auto"> of origin), particularly with regard to asylum-seekers from Afghanistan and Iraq. From mid-2016, the percentage of applicants </span><span data-contrast="auto">granted asylum </span><span data-contrast="auto">from </span><span data-contrast="auto">those</span><span data-contrast="auto"> countries decreased </span><span data-contrast="auto">drastically. In June 2016, 77 per cent of Iraqi applicants were rejected, compared with just 13 per cent the year earlier. More positively, i</span><span data-contrast="auto">n August 2018, the</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Finnish</span><span data-contrast="auto"> Interior Ministry announced that it would raise </span><span data-contrast="auto">its resettlement target</span><span data-contrast="auto"> to 1,050, returning the annual quota to the figure temporarily set in response to the refugee crisis of 2014 and 2015. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">A</span><span data-contrast="auto">mong far-right groups and sections of Finnish society, there have been calls to halt immi</span><span data-contrast="auto">gration into the country. Anti-migrant rhetoric has framed immigration, in particular refugees and asylum</span><span data-contrast="auto">–</span><span data-contrast="auto">seekers, as a driver of crime, a threat to Finnish values and an economic burden to the country – views that, while unfounded, are held by a significant number of Finns.</span><span data-contrast="auto"> According to a recent EU Fundamental Rights Agency survey, migrants and members of ethnic minorities are more likely to experience discrimination in Finland than in most other EU member-states. In results published in 2017, nearly half of people of sub-Saharan descent </span><span data-contrast="auto">living in Finland </span><span data-contrast="auto">had experienced discrimination during the previous 12 months.</span><span data-contrast="auto"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559685":360,"335559738":240,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">There </span><span data-contrast="auto">ha</span><span data-contrast="auto">s </span><span data-contrast="auto">been </span><span data-contrast="auto">a worrying increase in the number of </span><span data-contrast="auto">hate crime </span><span data-contrast="auto">complaints filed with the authorities. The Finnish police announced that 1,165 complaints had been logged in 2017, representing an increase of 8 per cent compared with 2016. This was a bit less than in 2015, </span><span data-contrast="auto">however, </span><span data-contrast="auto">when the country witnessed an influx of 32,000 asylum</span><span data-contrast="auto">–</span><span data-contrast="auto">seekers. Around 70 per cent of cases were motivated by the victim’s ethnicity; 20 per cent related to the victim’s religion or beliefs – an increase compared with the previous year. Muslims were most likely to be targeted. </span><span data-contrast="auto">R</span><span data-contrast="auto">esearchers warned that the majority of victims </span><span data-contrast="auto">will</span><span data-contrast="auto"> never file a complaint, due</span><span data-contrast="auto"> to</span><span data-contrast="auto"> feelings of shame and lack of faith in police follow-up.</span></p> </div> </li> <li id="item26wuy6" class="hidden-content__item tabs__single-tab"> <div> <h2>General</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.lagtinget.ax" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ålands Lagting</a> (Ålandic Parliament)</li> <li><a href="https://www.amnesty.fi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Amnesty International Finland</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.fhc.fi/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Finnish Helsinki Committee</a></li> <li>Finnish Islamic Congregation</li> <li>Forum of Russian-Speakers in Finland</li> <li><a href="http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Institute for Human Rights, Åbo Academy University</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.fhc.fi/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jewish Community of Helsinki</a></li> <li>The Union of Russian-Speaking Associations in Finland</li> </ul> <h2>Swedish-speakers</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.folktinget.fi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svenska Finlands Folkting</a> (Swedish Assembly)</li> </ul> <h2>Sámi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.saamicouncil.net/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sámiraddi/Saamelaisneuvosto</a> (Sámi Council)</li> <li><a href="http://www.samediggi.fi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Samediggi/Saamelaiskäräjät</a> (Sámi Parliament)</li> <li><a href="http://www.same.net/~ssn/english.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Suoma Sámi Nuorat</a> (Sámi Youth Organization in Finland)</li> <li><a href="http://www.taigarescue.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Taiga Rescue Network</a></li> </ul> <h2>Roma</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.stm.fi/Resource.phx/eng/orgis/board/romani/index.htx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Advisory Board on Romani Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.romanomissio.fi/engl_ind.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Romano Missio</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.romaniwriters.com/about.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">International Romani Writers’ Association</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="notice" style="--color-light:#b3ebc8"> <div class="container"> <p class="notice__content">Updated May 2020</p> </div> </section> <div style="height:48px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <section id="Section23mdx2" class="donate " style="--color-regular: #5bff9a; --color-deep: #003614;"> <div class="container"> <div class="donate__wrapper"> <div class="donate__content"> <h2 class="donate__title">Donate</h2> <p class="donate__desc">We stand up for minority and indigenous rights. 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width="38" height="16" viewBox="0 0 38 16" fill="none"> <path d="M0 8.14065L35.5 8.14064" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> <path d="M28.6217 14.9994L35.5 8.12109L28.6217 1.24277" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="reports-and-briefings52clg3" class="content-type"> <div class="content-type__header"> <h2 id="Reportsandbriefings" class="content-type__title">Reports and briefings</h2> </div> <ul aria-live="polite" class="content-type__feed"> <li class="content-type__item content-type__item--3-cols"> <div class="post-card " style="--color-light: #d4dfff; --color-dark: #2c468f;"> <div class="post-card__img-wrapper post-card__img-wrapper--document"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/polar-peoples-self-determination/" class="document" style="--color-light:#d4dfff;"> <div class="document__content"> <p class="document__type">report</p> <div class="document__img-wrapper"> <div class="document__icon"> <svg width="201" height="167" viewbox="0 0 201 167" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M200.904 35.7563H0.904297V166.862H200.904V35.7563Z" fill="#2c468f" /> <path d="M100.904 166.862L17.5703 132.133V0.195801L100.904 34.925V166.862Z" fill="#96a3c7" /> <path d="M184.238 0.195801L100.904 34.925V166.862L184.238 132.133" fill="#96a3c7" /> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <p class="post-card__date">1 January 1994</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/polar-peoples-self-determination/"> <h5 class="post-card__title">Polar Peoples: Self-determination and development</h5> </a> <p class="post-card__desc">The northern regions of the globe were populated by indigenous peoples long before explorers, gold-diggers, bureaucrats and others…</p> <div class="post-card__btn-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/polar-peoples-self-determination/" role="button" aria-label="Learn more about Polar Peoples: Self-determination and development" class="btn-regular btn-regular--sm "> <span class="btn-regular__text">Learn more</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-regular__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="38" height="16" viewBox="0 0 38 16" fill="none"> <path d="M0 8.14065L35.5 8.14064" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> <path d="M28.6217 14.9994L35.5 8.12109L28.6217 1.24277" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="content-type__item content-type__item--3-cols"> <div class="post-card " style="--color-light: #e7d6ff; --color-dark: #502096;"> <div class="post-card__img-wrapper post-card__img-wrapper--document"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/roma-europes-gypsies/" class="document" style="--color-light:#e7d6ff;"> <img decoding="async" width="1240" height="1754" src="https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/1992/06/pages-from-roma-europes-gypsies.png" class="document__img" alt="" srcset="https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/1992/06/pages-from-roma-europes-gypsies.png 1240w, https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/1992/06/pages-from-roma-europes-gypsies-212x300.png 212w, https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/1992/06/pages-from-roma-europes-gypsies-724x1024.png 724w" sizes="(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px" title="" /></a> </div> <p class="post-card__date">1 June 1992</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/roma-europes-gypsies/"> <h5 class="post-card__title">Roma: Europe’s Gypsies</h5> </a> <p class="post-card__desc">There are almost six million Roma in Europe today, yet they remain a rejected and harassed minority in almost every country in Eastern and…</p> <div class="post-card__btn-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/roma-europes-gypsies/" role="button" aria-label="Learn more about Roma: Europe’s Gypsies" class="btn-regular btn-regular--sm "> <span class="btn-regular__text">Learn more</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-regular__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="38" height="16" viewBox="0 0 38 16" fill="none"> <path d="M0 8.14065L35.5 8.14064" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> <path d="M28.6217 14.9994L35.5 8.12109L28.6217 1.24277" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="content-type__item content-type__item--3-cols"> <div class="post-card " style="--color-light: #b7e3fe; --color-dark: #005c95;"> <div class="post-card__img-wrapper post-card__img-wrapper--document"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/minorities-and-autonomy-in-western-europe/" class="document" style="--color-light:#b7e3fe;"> <div class="document__content"> <p class="document__type">report</p> <div class="document__img-wrapper"> <div class="document__icon"> <svg width="201" height="167" viewbox="0 0 201 167" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M200.904 35.7563H0.904297V166.862H200.904V35.7563Z" fill="#005c95" /> <path d="M100.904 166.862L17.5703 132.133V0.195801L100.904 34.925V166.862Z" fill="#80aeca" /> <path d="M184.238 0.195801L100.904 34.925V166.862L184.238 132.133" fill="#80aeca" /> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <p class="post-card__date">1 January 1991</p> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/minorities-and-autonomy-in-western-europe/"> <h5 class="post-card__title">Minorities and autonomy in Western Europe</h5> </a> <p class="post-card__desc"></p> <div class="post-card__btn-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/resources/minorities-and-autonomy-in-western-europe/" role="button" aria-label="Learn more about Minorities and autonomy in Western Europe" class="btn-regular btn-regular--sm "> <span class="btn-regular__text">Learn more</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-regular__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="38" height="16" viewBox="0 0 38 16" fill="none"> <path d="M0 8.14065L35.5 8.14064" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> <path d="M28.6217 14.9994L35.5 8.12109L28.6217 1.24277" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="programmes51tns6" class="content-type"> <div class="content-type__header"> <h2 id="Programmes" class="content-type__title">Programmes</h2> </div> <ul aria-live="polite" class="content-type__feed"> <li class="content-type__item content-type__item--3-cols"> <div style="--color-light: #bee8df; --color-dark: #00624c;" class="content-card content-card--shadowed content-card--title-xsm"> <div class="content-card__wrapper"> <div class="content-card__inner-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/programmes/land-body-ecologies-the-impacts-of-environmental-change-on-mental-health-lbe/" class="content-card__img-wrapper"> <img decoding="async" width="768" height="442" src="https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/whatsapp-image-2021-11-17-at-15.03.17-3-e1637258807916.jpeg" class="content-card__img" alt="" srcset="https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/whatsapp-image-2021-11-17-at-15.03.17-3-e1637258807916.jpeg 768w, https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/whatsapp-image-2021-11-17-at-15.03.17-3-e1637258807916-300x173.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="" /> </a> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/programmes/land-body-ecologies-the-impacts-of-environmental-change-on-mental-health-lbe/"> <h6 class="content-card__title">Land Body Ecologies – The impacts of environmental change on mental health (LBE)</h6> </a> </div> <div class="content-card__inner-wrapper"> <ul aria-label="Tags list" class="content-card__tags"> <li class="content-card__tag">Western Europe</li> <li class="content-card__tag">Right to health</li> </ul> <div class="content-card__btn-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/programmes/land-body-ecologies-the-impacts-of-environmental-change-on-mental-health-lbe/" role="button" aria-label="Learn more about Land Body Ecologies – The impacts of environmental change on mental health (LBE)" class="btn-regular btn-regular--md btn-regular--mg-top-lg"> <span class="btn-regular__text">Learn more</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="btn-regular__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="38" height="16" viewBox="0 0 38 16" fill="none"> <path d="M0 8.14065L35.5 8.14064" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> <path d="M28.6217 14.9994L35.5 8.12109L28.6217 1.24277" stroke="black" stroke-width="2.37106"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="content-type__item content-type__item--3-cols"> <div style="--color-light: #b7e3fe; --color-dark: #005c95;" class="content-card content-card--shadowed content-card--title-xsm"> <div class="content-card__wrapper"> <div class="content-card__inner-wrapper"> <a href="https://minorityrights.org/programmes/evaluation-of-ingo-support-human-rights-advocacy-activities-of-supported-international-ngos/" class="content-card__img-wrapper"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="953" height="683" src="https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/finnish-report.jpg" 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