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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma" title="Fontane di Roma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fontane di Roma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7)" title="Κρήνες της Ρώμης (μουσική σύνθεση) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρήνες της Ρώμης (μουσική σύνθεση)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma" title="Fontane di Roma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fontane di Roma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma" title="Fontane di Roma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fontane di Roma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%84%EC%88%98" title="로마의 분수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마의 분수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_fontane_di_Roma" title="Le fontane di Roma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Le fontane di Roma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ma_k%C3%BAtjai" title="Róma kútjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Róma kútjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%99%B4%E6%B0%B4" title="ローマの噴水 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローマの噴水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma" title="Fontane di Roma – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fontane di Roma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontanny_rzymskie" title="Fontanny rzymskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fontanny rzymskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Фонтаны Рима (симфоническая поэма) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонтаны Рима (симфоническая поэма)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimski_vodnjaki_(Respighi)" title="Rimski vodnjaki (Respighi) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimski vodnjaki (Respighi)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Symphonic poem by Ottorino Respighi</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of fountains in Rome, see <a href="/wiki/Fountains_in_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fountains in Rome">Fountains in Rome</a>.</div> <p><i><b>Fountains of Rome</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it"><b>Fontane di Roma</b></i>), <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Ottorino_Respighi" title="List of compositions by Ottorino Respighi">P 106</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Tone_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone poem">tone poem</a> in four movements completed in 1916 by the Italian composer <a href="/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Ottorino Respighi</a>. It is the first of his three tone poems about Rome, preceding <i><a href="/wiki/Pines_of_Rome" title="Pines of Rome">Pines of Rome</a></i> (1924) and <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Festivals_(Respighi)" title="Roman Festivals (Respighi)">Roman Festivals</a></i> (1928). Each movement depicts a setting at one of <a href="/wiki/Fountains_in_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fountains in Rome">Rome's fountains</a> at a different time of the day, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Valle_Giulia" title="Fountain of Valle Giulia">Valle Giulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triton_Fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Triton Fountain">Triton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Medici" title="Villa Medici">Villa Medici</a>. The premiere was held at the Teatro Augusteo on 11 March 1917, with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guarnieri" title="Antonio Guarnieri">Antonio Guarnieri</a> conducting the Augusteo Orchestra. Respighi was disheartened at its initial mild reception and put away the score, until the piece was re-evaluated by the public following a February 1918 performance by conductor <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> which brought the composer international fame.<sup id="cite_ref-Wash_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece was published by <a href="/wiki/Casa_Ricordi" title="Casa Ricordi">Casa Ricordi</a> in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Score_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Score-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountains_of_Rome_(symphonic_poem)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work has four movements: </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li>"The <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Valle_Giulia" title="Fountain of Valle Giulia">Fountain of Valle Giulia</a> at Dawn" (<i>La fontana di Valle Giulia all'alba</i>) <dl><dd>The first section shows this fountain at daybreak in "a pastoral scene, with sheep passing and disappearing in the fresh and humid mist of a Roman dawn".<sup id="cite_ref-Three_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Three-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf&page=605" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page605-450px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page605-675px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page605-900px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana-del-tritone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fontana-del-tritone.jpg/150px-Fontana-del-tritone.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fontana-del-tritone.jpg/225px-Fontana-del-tritone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fontana-del-tritone.jpg/300px-Fontana-del-tritone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Triton Fountain, Rome</figcaption></figure></li><li>"The <a href="/wiki/Triton_Fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Triton Fountain">Triton Fountain</a> in the Morning" (<i>La fontana del Tritone al mattino</i>) <dl><dd>In the second section "it is like some joyous appeal at whose sound <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">naiads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Tritons</a> come trooping up, pursuing each other and mingling in a wild dance beneath the falling spray."<sup id="cite_ref-Three_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Three-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Figures of the Bernini fountain are seen nearby. The Tritons blow on <a href="/wiki/Conch_shells" class="mw-redirect" title="Conch shells">conch shells</a>, portrayed by the <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horns</a>.</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf&page=606" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page606-450px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page606-675px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page606-900px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana-trevi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fontana-trevi.JPG/150px-Fontana-trevi.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fontana-trevi.JPG/225px-Fontana-trevi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fontana-trevi.JPG/300px-Fontana-trevi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Trevi Fountain, Rome</figcaption></figure></li><li>"The <a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a> at Noon" (<i>La fontana di Trevi al meriggio</i>) <dl><dd>The theme of third section "takes on a triumphal character. Fanfares sound. It is as if <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>'s chariot, drawn by river-horses and followed by a cortege of sirens and tritons, were passing on the radiant surface of the water, only to vanish while muted chimes sound in the distance."<sup id="cite_ref-Three_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Three-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf&page=607" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page607-450px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page607-675px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page607-900px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></dd></dl></li><li>"The <a href="/wiki/Villa_Medici" title="Villa Medici">Villa Medici</a> Fountain at Sunset" (<i>La fontana di Villa Medici al tramonto</i>) <dd>The final section portrays a much more melancholic atmosphere. "It is sad in intent, delicate, restful. Bells toll for the Angelus. Birds twitter and there is a rustling and fluttering of leaves. Then follows the silence of night."<sup id="cite_ref-Three_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Three-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf&page=608" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page608-450px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page608-675px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf/page608-900px-Orchesterwerke_Romantik_Themen.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></dd></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountains_of_Rome_(symphonic_poem)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Fountains of Rome</i> calls for the following large orchestra, including piano, <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, harps, chimes, and organ <i>ad lib.</i>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">woodwinds</a>: <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="English horn">English horn</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soprano_clarinet" title="Soprano clarinet">B-flat and A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a> in B-flat and A, 2 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass</a>: 4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horns</a> in F, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a> in B-flat and A, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">bell</a> in D, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organ</a> <i>(ad lib.)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">strings</a>: 2 <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a> i, ii, <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoncello">violoncellos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a></li></ul> <p>It was also transcribed for <a href="/wiki/Piano_four_hands" title="Piano four hands">piano four hands</a> (duet) by the composer.<sup id="cite_ref-Score_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Score-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performances,_reception,_and_recordings"><span id="Performances.2C_reception.2C_and_recordings"></span>Performances, reception, and recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountains_of_Rome_(symphonic_poem)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Performances, reception, and recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> originally planned to conduct the work in 1916, but the Italian composer refused to appear for the performance after a disagreement over his having included some of Wagner's music on a program played during World War I.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Consequently, it did not premiere until March 11, 1917, at the Teatro Augusteo in Rome, with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guarnieri" title="Antonio Guarnieri">Antonio Guarnieri</a> as conductor. Although the premiere was unsuccessful, Toscanini finally conducted the work in Milan in 1918 with tremendous success. It "was acclaimed [as] one of the loveliest of symphonic writings".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The piece was first performed in the United States on February 13, 1919. Toscanini recorded the music with the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> in 1951; the <a href="/wiki/High_fidelity" title="High fidelity">high fidelity</a> monaural recording was issued on LP and then digitally remastered for release on CD by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>. The work has since become one of the most eminent examples of the symphonic poem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountains_of_Rome_(symphonic_poem)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wash-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wash_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/31791/4178.pdf?sequence=1">"(Program notes)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Washington Symphony Orchestra. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28Program+notes%29&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Symphony+Orchestra&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%2Fresearchworks%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773%2F31791%2F4178.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountains+of+Rome+%28symphonic+poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Score-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Score_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Score_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma_(Respighi,_Ottorino)">"Fontane di Roma (Respighi, Ottorino) - IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library: Free Public Domain Sheet Music"</a>. <i>imslp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imslp.org&rft.atitle=Fontane+di+Roma+%28Respighi%2C+Ottorino%29+-+IMSLP%2FPetrucci+Music+Library%3A+Free+Public+Domain+Sheet+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimslp.org%2Fwiki%2FFontane_di_Roma_%28Respighi%2C_Ottorino%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountains+of+Rome+%28symphonic+poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Three-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Three_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Three_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Three_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Three_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/paper/the-evening-sun/6634/">"The Three Arts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Evening Sun</a></i>. Baltimore, Maryland. 28 December 1920. p. 12 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Sun&rft.atitle=The+Three+Arts&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1920-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fpaper%2Fthe-evening-sun%2F6634%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountains+of+Rome+%28symphonic+poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48177158/respighis-fountains-of-rome/">"La Scala Orchestra"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pittsburgh_Sunday_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pittsburgh Sunday Post">The Pittsburgh Sunday Post</a></i>. 27 February 1921. sec. 5, p. 6 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Sunday+Post&rft.atitle=La+Scala+Orchestra&rft.pages=sec.+5%2C+p.+6&rft.date=1921-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F48177158%2Frespighis-fountains-of-rome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountains+of+Rome+%28symphonic+poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Program notes by Stephanie von Buchau, written for <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a>'s production of the recording by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (April 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountains_of_Rome_(symphonic_poem)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Fontane_di_Roma_(Respighi,_Ottorino)" class="extiw" title="scores:Fontane di Roma (Respighi, Ottorino)">Fontane di Roma</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottorino_Respighi" title="Template:Ottorino Respighi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottorino_Respighi" title="Template talk:Ottorino Respighi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottorino_Respighi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottorino Respighi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ottorino_Respighi348" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Ottorino Respighi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Ottorino_Respighi" title="List of operas by Ottorino Respighi">List of operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Ottorino_Respighi" title="List of compositions by Ottorino Respighi">List of compositions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Belfagor" title="Belfagor">Belfagor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_bella_dormente_nel_bosco" title="La bella dormente nel bosco">La bella dormente nel bosco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_campana_sommersa" title="La campana sommersa">La campana sommersa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fiamma" title="La fiamma">La fiamma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_(opera)" title="Lucrezia (opera)">Lucrezia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maria_egiziaca" title="Maria egiziaca">Maria egiziaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Victoire" title="Marie Victoire">Marie Victoire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Re_Enzo_(opera)" title="Re Enzo (opera)">Re Enzo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semir%C3%A2ma" title="Semirâma">Semirâma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Boutique_fantasque" title="La Boutique fantasque">La Boutique fantasque</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerto_gregoriano" title="Concerto gregoriano">Concerto gregoriano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_modo_misolidio" title="Concerto in modo misolidio">Concerto in modo misolidio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Respighi)" title="Piano Concerto (Respighi)">Piano Concerto in A minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_in_A_major_(Respighi)" title="Violin Concerto in A major (Respighi)">Violin Concerto in A major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Airs_and_Dances" title="Ancient Airs and Dances">Ancient Airs and Dances</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Airs_and_Dances#Suite_No._1_(1917)" title="Ancient Airs and Dances">Suite 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Airs_and_Dances#Suite_No._2_(1923)" title="Ancient Airs and Dances">Suite 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Airs_and_Dances#Suite_No._3_(1932)" title="Ancient Airs and Dances">Suite 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fountains of Rome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pines_of_Rome" title="Pines of Rome">Pines of Rome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Festivals_(Respighi)" title="Roman Festivals (Respighi)">Roman Festivals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rossiniana" title="Rossiniana">Rossiniana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_(Respighi)" title="The Birds (Respighi)">The Birds</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_in_B_minor_(Respighi)" title="Violin Sonata in B minor (Respighi)">Violin Sonata in B minor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sei_pezzi_per_pianoforte" title="Sei pezzi per pianoforte">Sei pezzi per pianoforte</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tudes-Tableaux,_Op._33" title="Études-Tableaux, Op. 33">Five Études-Tableaux</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_and_Fugue_in_D_major,_BWV_532" title="Prelude and Fugue in D major, BWV 532">Prelude and Fugue in D major, BWV 532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia_and_Fugue_in_C_minor,_BWV_582" title="Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582">Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">J. S. Bach</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Respighi" title="Elsa Respighi">Elsa Respighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Guastalla" title="Claudio Guastalla">Claudio Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Di_Vittorio" title="Salvatore Di Vittorio">Salvatore Di Vittorio</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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