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Halim</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Nana Halim"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nana Halim"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Nana Halim" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Nana Halim"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 107</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Nana Halim</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Compromising of Vacuum Sewerage System in Developing Regions and the Impact on Environmet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Elawwad">Abdelsalam Elawwad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Ragab"> Mostafa Ragab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Abdel-Halim"> Hisham Abdel-Halim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leakage in sewerage system can cause groundwater and soil contamination in urban areas, especially in area with a high groundwater table. This is a serious problem in small villages in developing countries that rely on ground water as a source for irrigation and drinking purposes. In the developed countries, the recent trend in areas with low population densities is vacuum sewerage system, which is environmentally safer than conventional gravity system, protecting public health, preventing exfiltration to the ground water, very easily applied in a relatively short time and can cope with a faster expansion of the urbanized areas. The aim of this work is to assess the feasibility of using vacuum sewerage in developing country, such as Egypt. Knowledge of local conditions can determine the most suitable sewer system for a specific region. Technical, environmental and financial comparisons between conventional sewerage system and vacuum sewerage system were held using statistical analysis. Different conditions, such as population densities, geometry of area, and ground water depths were evaluated. Sample comprising of 30 Egyptian villages was selected, where a complete design for conventional sewerage system and vacuum sewerage system was done. Based on this study, it is recommended from the environmental point of view to construct the vacuum sewerage system in such villages with low population densities; however, it is not economic for all cases. From financial point of view, vacuum sewerage system was a good competitor to conventional systems in flat areas and areas with high groundwater table. The local market supplying of the construction equipment especially collection chambers will greatly affect the investment cost. Capacity building and social mobilization will also play a great role in sustainability of this system. At the end, it is noteworthy that environmental sustainability and public health are more important than the financial aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20water" title="ground water">ground water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20system" title=" conventional system"> conventional system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20system" title=" vacuum system"> vacuum system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain" title=" terrain"> terrain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8634/compromising-of-vacuum-sewerage-system-in-developing-regions-and-the-impact-on-environmet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Voiceless Dental- Alveolar Common Augment in Arabic and Other Semitic Languages, a Morphophonemic Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Soliman%20Mostafa%20Soliman%20Al-Nana%27i">Tarek Soliman Mostafa Soliman Al-Nana'i</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are non-steady voiced augments in the Semitic languages, and in the morphological and structural augmentation, two sounds were augments in all Semitic languages at the level of the spoken language and two letters at the level of the written language, which are the hamza and the ta’. This research studies only the second of them; Therefore, we defined it as “The Voiceless Dental- alveolar common augment” (VDACA) to distinguish it from the glottal sound “Hamza”, first, middle, or last, in a noun or in a verb, in Arabic and its equivalent in the Semitic languages. What is meant by “VDACA” is the ta’ that is in addition to the root of the word at the morphological level: the word “voiceless” takes out the voiced sounds that we studied before, and the “dental- alveolar common augment” takes out the laryngeal sound of them, which is the “Hamza”: and the word “common” brings out the uncommon voiceless sounds, which are sīn, shīn, and hā’. The study is limited to the ta' alone among the Arabic sounds, and this title faced a problem in identifying it with the ta'. Because the designation of the ta is not the same in most Semitic languages. Hebrew, for example, has “tav” and is pronounced with the voiced fa (v), which is not in Arabic. It is called different names in other Semitic languages, such as “taw” or “tAu” in old Syriac. And so on. This goes hand in hand with the insistence on distance from the written level and the reference to the phonetic aspect in this study that is closely and closely linked to the morphological level. Therefore, the study is “morphophonemic”. What is meant by Semitic languages in this study are the following: Akkadian, Ugaritic, Hebrew, Syriac, Mandaean, Ge'ez, and Amharic. The problem of the study is the agreement or difference between these languages in the position of that augment, first, middle, or last. And in determining the distinguishing characteristics of each language from the other. As for the study methodology, it is determined by the comparative approach in Semitic languages, which is based on the descriptive approach for each language. The study is divided into an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion: Introduction: It included the subject of the study, its importance, motives, problem, methodology, and division. The first section: VDACA as a non-common phoneme. The second: VDACA as a common phoneme. The third: VDACA as a functional morpheme. The fourth section: Commentary and conclusion with the most important results. The positions of VDACA in Arabic and other Semitic languages, and in nouns and verbs, were limited to first, middle, and last. The research identified the individual addition, which is common with other augments, and the research proved that this augmentation is constant in all Semitic languages, but there are characteristics that distinguish each language from the other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voiceless%20-" title="voiceless -">voiceless -</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental-%20alveolar" title=" dental- alveolar"> dental- alveolar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augment" title=" augment"> augment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20-%20semitic%20languages" title=" Arabic - semitic languages"> Arabic - semitic languages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173622/the-voiceless-dental-alveolar-common-augment-in-arabic-and-other-semitic-languages-a-morphophonemic-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Improving Paper Mechanical Properties and Printing Quality by Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Strength Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Simonian">G. N. Simonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20F.%20Basalah"> R. F. Basalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20T.%20Abd%20El%20Halim"> F. T. Abd El Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20F.%20Abd%20El%20Latif"> F. F. Abd El Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Adel"> A. M. Adel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20El%20Shafey."> A. M. El Shafey. </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an anionic water soluble polymer that has been introduced in paper coating as a strength agent. One of the main objectives of this research is to investigate the influence of CMC concentration in improving the strength properties of paper fiber. In this work, we coated the paper sheets; Xerox paper sheets by different concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose solution (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3%) w/v. The mechanical properties; breaking length and tearing resistance (tear factor) were measured for the treated and untreated paper specimens. The retained polymer in the coated paper samples were also calculated. The more the concentration of the coating material; CMC increases, the more the mechanical properties; breaking length and tear factor increases. It can be concluded that CMC enhance the improvement of the mechanical properties of paper sheets result in increasing paper stability. The aim of the present research was also to study the effects on the vessel element structure and vessel picking tendency of the coated paper sheets. In addition to the improved strength properties of the treated sheet, a significant decrease in the vessel picking tendency was expected whereas refining of the original paper sheets (untreated paper sheets) improved mainly the bonding ability of fibers, CMC effectively enhanced the bonding of vessels as well. Moreover, film structures were formed in the fibrillated areas of the coated paper specimens, and they were concluded to reinforce the bonding within the sheet. Also, fragmentation of vessel elements through CMC modification was found to be important and results in a decreasing picking tendency which reflects in a good printability. Moreover, Scanning – Electron Microscope (SEM) images are represented to specifically explain the improved bonding ability of vessels and fibers after CMC modification. Finally, CMC modification enhance paper mechanical properties and print quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl%20cellulose%20%28CMC%29" title="carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)">carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breaking%20length" title=" breaking length"> breaking length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tear%20factor" title=" tear factor"> tear factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessel%20picking" title=" vessel picking"> vessel picking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printing" title=" printing"> printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration "> concentration </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18136/improving-paper-mechanical-properties-and-printing-quality-by-using-carboxymethyl-cellulose-as-a-strength-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Efficacy of Albendazole against Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Impact of Mass Drug Administration of Albendazole and Ivermectin on Health Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Yaw%20Osei-Atweneboana">Mike Yaw Osei-Atweneboana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Asiedu%20Larbi"> John Asiedu Larbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Jenner%20Tettevi"> Edward Jenner Tettevi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The lymphatic filariasis (LF) control programme has been on-going in Ghana since 2000. This community-wide approach involves the use of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB). Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections control is augmented within this programme; however, in areas where LF is not prevalent, albendazole alone is administered to school children. The purpose of this study was therefore, to determine the efficacy of albendazole against soils transmitted helminths and the impact of mass drug administration of albendazole and ivermectin on the health status of children of school going age and pregnant women. Material/Methods: This was a twelve months longitudinal study. A total of 412 subjects including school children (between the ages of 2-17 years) and pregnant women were randomly selected from four endemic communities in Kpandai district of the Northern region. Coprological assessment for parasites was based on the Kato–Katz technique in both dry and rainy seasons at baseline, 21 days and 3 months post-treatment. Single-dose albendazole treatment was administered to all patients at baseline. Preserved samples are currently under molecular studies to identify possible single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the beta tubulin gene which is associated with benzimidazole resistance. Results: Of all the parasites found (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, and Taenia sp.); hookworm was the most prevalent. In the dry season, the overall STHs prevalence at pre-treatment was 29%, while 9% and 13% prevalence was recorded at 21 days, and three months after treatment respectively. However, in the rainy season, the overall STHs prevalence was 8%, while 4% and 12% was recorded at 21 days and three months respectively after ALB treatment. In general, ALB treatment resulted in an overall hookworm egg count reduction rate of 89% in the dry season and 93% in the rainy season, while the T. trichiura egg count reduction rate was 100% in both seasons. Conclusions: STH infections still remains a significant public health burden in Ghana. Hookworm infection seems to respond poorly or sub-optimally to ALB, raising concerns of possible emergence of resistance which may lead to a major setback for the control and elimination of STH infections, especially hookworm infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hookworm" title="hookworm">hookworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-optimal%20response" title=" sub-optimal response"> sub-optimal response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albendazole" title=" albendazole"> albendazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichuriasis" title=" trichuriasis"> trichuriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-transmitted%20helminths" title=" soil-transmitted helminths"> soil-transmitted helminths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50463/the-efficacy-of-albendazole-against-soil-transmitted-helminths-and-the-impact-of-mass-drug-administration-of-albendazole-and-ivermectin-on-health-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Representation of the Medieval Idea of Ugliness in Messiaen's Saint François d’Assise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Katsia">Nana Katsia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the ways both medieval and medievalist conceptions of ugliness might be linked to the physical and spiritual transformation of the protagonists and how it is realised through specific musical rhythm, such as the dochmiac rhythm in the opera. As Eco and Henderson note, only one kind of ugliness could be represented in conformity with nature in the Middle Ages without destroying all aesthetic pleasure and, in turn, artistic beauty: namely, a form of ugliness which arouses disgust. Moreover, Eco explores the fact that the enemies of Christ who condemn, martyr, and crucify him are represented as wicked inside. In turn, the representation of inner wickedness and hostility toward God brings with it outward ugliness, coarseness, barbarity, and rage. Ultimately these result in the deformation of the figure. In all these regards, the non-beautiful is represented here as a necessary phase, which is not the case with classical (the ancient Greek) concepts of Beauty. As we can see, the understanding of disfigurement and ugliness in the Middle Ages was both varied and complex. In the Middle Ages, the disfigurement caused by leprosy (and other skin and bodily conditions) was interpreted, in a somewhat contradictory manner, as both a curse and a gift from God. Some saints’ lives even have the saint appealing to be inflicted with the disease as part of their mission toward true humility. We shall explore that this ‘different concept’ of ugliness (non-classical beauty) might be represented in Messiaen’s opera. According to Messiaen, the Leper and Saint François are the principal characters of the third scene, as both of them will be transformed, and a double miracle will take place in the process. Messiaen mirrors the idea of the true humility of Saint’s life and positions Le Baiser au Lépreux as the culmination of the first act. The Leper’s character represents his physical and spiritual disfigurement, which are healed after the miracle. So, the scene can be viewed as an encounter between beauty and ugliness, and that much of it is spent in a study of ugliness. Dochmiac rhythm is one of the most important compositional elements in the opera. It plays a crucial role in the process of creating a dramatic musical narrative and structure in the composition. As such, we shall explore how Messiaen represents the medieval idea of ugliness in the opera through particular musical elements linked to the main protagonists’ spiritual or physical ugliness; why Messiaen makes reference to dochmiac rhythm, and how they create the musical and dramatic context in the opera for the medieval aesthetic category of ugliness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ugliness%20in%20music" title="ugliness in music">ugliness in music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medieval%20time" title=" medieval time"> medieval time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saint%20fran%C3%A7ois%20d%E2%80%99assise" title=" saint françois d’assise"> saint françois d’assise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=messiaen" title=" messiaen"> messiaen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146010/the-representation-of-the-medieval-idea-of-ugliness-in-messiaens-saint-francois-dassise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Nondestructive Prediction and Classification of Gel Strength in Ethanol-Treated Kudzu Starch Gels Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John-Nelson%20Ekumah">John-Nelson Ekumah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selorm%20Yao-Say%20Solomon%20Adade"> Selorm Yao-Say Solomon Adade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingming%20Zhong"> Mingming Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufan%20Sun"> Yufan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiufang%20Liang"> Qiufang Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Safiullah%20Virk"> Muhammad Safiullah Virk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xorlali%20Nunekpeku"> Xorlali Nunekpeku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Adwoa%20Nkuma%20Johnson"> Nana Adwoa Nkuma Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bridget%20Ama%20Kwadzokpui"> Bridget Ama Kwadzokpui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20Ren"> Xiaofeng Ren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enhancing starch gel strength and stability is crucial. However, traditional gel property assessment methods are destructive, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. Thus, understanding ethanol treatment effects on kudzu starch gel strength and developing a rapid, nondestructive gel strength assessment method is essential for optimizing the treatment process and ensuring product quality consistency. This study investigated the effects of different ethanol concentrations on the microstructure of kudzu starch gels using a comprehensive microstructural analysis. We also developed a nondestructive method for predicting gel strength and classifying treatment levels using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and advanced data analytics. Scanning electron microscopy revealed progressive network densification and pore collapse with increasing ethanol concentration, correlating with enhanced mechanical properties. NIR spectroscopy, combined with various variable selection methods (CARS, GA, and UVE) and modeling algorithms (PLS, SVM, and ELM), was employed to develop predictive models for gel strength. The UVE-SVM model demonstrated exceptional performance, with the highest R² values (Rc = 0.9786, Rp = 0.9688) and lowest error rates (RMSEC = 6.1340, RMSEP = 6.0283). Pattern recognition algorithms (PCA, LDA, and KNN) successfully classified gels based on ethanol treatment levels, achieving near-perfect accuracy. This integrated approach provided a multiscale perspective on ethanol-induced starch gel modification, from molecular interactions to macroscopic properties. Our findings demonstrate the potential of NIR spectroscopy, coupled with advanced data analysis, as a powerful tool for rapid, nondestructive quality assessment in starch gel production. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of starch modification processes and opens new avenues for research and industrial applications in food science, pharmaceuticals, and biomaterials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kudzu%20starch%20gel" title="kudzu starch gel">kudzu starch gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" near-infrared spectroscopy"> near-infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gel%20strength%20prediction" title=" gel strength prediction"> gel strength prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition%20algorithms" title=" pattern recognition algorithms"> pattern recognition algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol%20treatment" title=" ethanol treatment"> ethanol treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188372/nondestructive-prediction-and-classification-of-gel-strength-in-ethanol-treated-kudzu-starch-gels-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Network Governance and Renewable Energy Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Contextual Evidence from Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyere%20Francis">Kyere Francis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Dongying"> Sun Dongying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asante%20Dennis"> Asante Dennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nkrumah%20Nana%20Kwame%20Edmund"> Nkrumah Nana Kwame Edmund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naana%20Yaa%20Gyamea%20Kumah"> Naana Yaa Gyamea Kumah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a focus on renewable energy to achieve low-carbon transition objectives, there is a greater demand for effective collaborative strategies for planning, strategic decision mechanisms, and long-term policy designs to steer the transitions. Government agencies, NGOs, the private sector, and individual citizens play an important role in sustainable energy production. In Ghana, however, such collaboration is fragile in the fight against climate change. This current study seeks to re-examine the position or potential of network governance in Ghana's renewable energy transition. The study adopted a qualitative approach and employed semi-structured interviews for data gathering. To explore network governance and low carbon transitions in Ghana, we examine key themes such as political environment and impact, actor cooperation and stakeholder interactions, financing and the transition, market design and renewable energy integration, existing regulation and policy gaps for renewable energy transition, clean cooking accessibility, and affordability. The findings reveal the following; Lack of comprehensive consultations with relevant stakeholders leads to lower acceptance of the policy model and sometimes lack of policy awareness. Again, the unavailability and affordability of renewable energy technologies and access to credit facilities is a significant hurdle to long-term renewable transition. Ghana's renewable energy transitions require strong networking and interaction among the public, private, and non-governmental organizations. The study participants believe that the involvement of relevant energy experts and stakeholders devoid of any political biases is instrumental in accelerating renewable energy transitions, as emphasized in the proposed framework. The study recommends that the national renewable energy transition plan be evident to all stakeholders and political administrators. Such policy may encourage renewable energy investment through stable and fixed lending rates by the financial institutions and build a network with international organizations and corporations. These findings could serve as valuable information for the transition-based energy process, primarily aiming to govern sustainability changes through network governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actors" title="actors">actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20energy" title=" sustainable energy"> sustainable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20governance" title=" network governance"> network governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20transition" title=" renewable energy transition"> renewable energy transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165947/network-governance-and-renewable-energy-transition-in-sub-saharan-africa-contextual-evidence-from-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Application of Heritage Clay Roof Tiles in Malaysia’s Government Buildings: Conservation Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Sabere%20Sulaiman">Mohd Sabere Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masyitah%20Abd%20Aziz"> Masyitah Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsiah%20Hassan"> Norsiah Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamilah%20Halina%20Abdul%20Halim"> Jamilah Halina Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Saipul%20Asrafi%20Haron"> Mohd Saipul Asrafi Haron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of clay roof tiles was spread out through Asia and Europe, including Malaysia, since the early 17th Century. Most of the common type of clay roof tiles are used in a flat and rectangular shape, measurement, styles, and characteristics through each tradition and interest, including responsive to the climate. Various types of heritage clay roof tiles were used in Malaysia’s Government Buildings dated 1865, 1919, 1936, and so forth, which mostly were imported from India, France, and Italy. Until now, these heritage clay roof tiles are still found throughout Malaysia, including the ‘Interlocking’ clay roof tile type. This study is to investigate and overview the existence of heritage clay roof tiles used in Malaysia; the ‘interlocking’ type with ‘lip’ and ‘hooks’, through literature reviews as desktop study besides carried out a preliminary observation on various sites and interviews. From the literatures, the last production and used of the local heritage clay roof tiles in Malaysia dated in mid 1900s in Batu Arang, Selangor. The brick factory was abandoned since early 2000s. Although the modern ‘Interlocking’ type were produced to duplicate its form, pattern, and size of the original one, they still facing the problem to blend and merged, which end up dismantling the original version, or replacing one to one condition and even replaced overall with the modern materials. This is quite contradicting with the basic principles of building conservation and had become a challenge. Initial findings from the preliminary observation on site in various state in Malaysia shows some evidence that the heritage clay roof tiles are still intact and been used. Some of them might change to modern roof materials such as metal deck, probably due to easy maintenance and cheaper. Also, some are still struggling to maintain and retain its looks and authenticity of the roof while facing the increasing of material cost. Those improper alteration and changes made is due to lack of knowledge among the owner and end user. Various aspect needs to be considered in order to sustain its usage and its original looks by looking at the proper maintenance aspects of the heritage clay roof tiles to prolong the building life for future generation preferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title="challenges">challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interlocking" title=" interlocking"> interlocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159232/application-of-heritage-clay-roof-tiles-in-malaysias-government-buildings-conservation-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Pleading the Belly: Sentencing of Convicted Pregnant Women under the Common Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Yaw%20Ofori%20Gyasi">Nana Yaw Ofori Gyasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the Common Law, there was a procedure called pleading the belly which allowed a woman who had reached the advanced stage of pregnancy to receive a reprieve of her death sentence until after she had put to bed. The plea was replaced with a legislation, which provides that a pregnant woman would automatically have her death sentence commuted to life imprisonment with hard labour. This Common Law principle has been continued and enacted into law by the various countries where the Common Law is practiced. This paper takes a look at what it terms as Pregnancy Legislations in some selected Common Law countries such as United States of America, Canada, England and Wales, Ghana and India to examine the scope, procedure and effect of such legislations. The paper adopts a comparative study approach to ascertain the country with the widest scope, non-complicated procedure and far-reaching effects of the Pregnancy Legislations. It is observed that some legislations make provision for the conversion of death penalty to life imprisonment for capital offences and also prescribe non-custodial sentence for non-capital offences. There are other legislations that merely suspend the death penalty while the convict is found to be pregnant. In terms of the procedure, some of the legislations make the issue of pregnancy a question of fact to be determined by a jury and in other legislations, the trial judge makes that determination after the judge is satisfied on the question of the convict being pregnant. The effects of the Pregnancy Legislation are observed to be varying. Women who give birth in prison are highly at risk of having stillbirth. Most of the prisons do not have adequate facilities to support expectant and lactating mothers while in prison. It has also been observed that with the number of female prisoners increasing over the years, custodial sentence for convicted pregnant women has a wider societal effect. The paper identifies certain gaps left in some of the legislations which relate to the procedure to be followed after custodial sentence is suspended for a convicted pregnant woman. The time the accused person got pregnant- whether before her arrest or during trial- and the effect of the timing of the pregnancy are gaps left in some of the legislations. The paper argues that such gaps should be filled by the legislator to prevent accused persons taking undue advantage of the Pregnancy Legislations. It is further argued that if convicted pregnant women will have to spend time in prison at all for very heinous crimes, the prison facilities should be improved so that expectant and lactating mothers can comfortably care for their babies and themselves to prevent dire health consequences for such mothers and the society at a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentence%20of%20pregnant%20women" title="sentence of pregnant women">sentence of pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custodial%20sentence" title=" custodial sentence"> custodial sentence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20law" title="common law">common law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184612/pleading-the-belly-sentencing-of-convicted-pregnant-women-under-the-common-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Relationship between Facebook, Religiosity and Academic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nooraisah%20Katmon">Nooraisah Katmon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hartini%20Jaafar"> Hartini Jaafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazianti%20Abdul%20Halim"> Hazianti Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessnor%20Elmy%20Mat%20Jizat"> Jessnor Elmy Mat Jizat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study empirically examines the effect of student activities on Facebook and religion on academic performance. We extend prior research in this area in a number of ways. First, given the paucity of the research in this area particularly from the Asian context, we provide the evidence from developing country like Malaysia. Second, our sample drawn from Sultan Idris Education University in Malaysia, where graduates from these universities are unique since they are expected to be able to work in both education and industry environment, and presumed to play significant roles in shaping the development of future student’s intellectual at the Malaysian secondary school and Malaysian economy in general. Third, we control for religiosity aspect when examining the association between Facebook and academic performance, something that has been predominantly neglected by the prior studies. Fourth, unlike prior studies that circulating around the Christian sphere in measuring religiosity, we provide evidence from the Islamic perspective where the act of worships and practices are much more comprehensive rather than the Christian counterparts. Fifth, we examine whether Facebook activities and religiosity are complementary or substitutive each other in improving student’s academic performance. Our sample comprise of 60 undergraduates. Our result exhibit that students with high number of friends on facebook and frequent engagement on facebook activities, such as sharing links, send message, posting photo, tagging video as well as spending long hours on facebook generally are associated with lower academic performance. Our results also reported that student’s engagement in religious activities promotes better academic performance. When we examine the potential interaction effect between facebook and religiosity, our result revealed that religiosity is effective in reducing student’s interest on facebook, hence lead to better academic achievement. In other words, religious student will be less interested in joining activities on facebook and make them more perform than their counterparts. Our findings from this study should be able to assist the university management in shaping university policies and curriculum to regulate and manage student’s activities in order to enhance overall student’s quality. Moreover, the findings from this study are also of use to the policy maker such as Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commissions to regulate the policy on the student’s access and activities on facebook. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facebook" title="facebook">facebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religiosity" title=" religiosity"> religiosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20student%20activities" title=" effect of student activities"> effect of student activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29949/the-relationship-between-facebook-religiosity-and-academic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> The Potential Fresh Water Resources of Georgia and Sustainable Water Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Bolashvili">Nana Bolashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakhtang%20Geladze"> Vakhtang Geladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamazi%20Karalashvili"> Tamazi Karalashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Machavariani"> Nino Machavariani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Geladze"> George Geladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davit%20Kartvelishvili"> Davit Kartvelishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Karalashvili"> Ana Karalashvili </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fresh water is the major natural resource of Georgia. The average perennial sum of the rivers' runoff in Georgia is 52,77 km³, out of which 9,30 km³ inflows from abroad. The major volume of transit river runoff is ascribed to the Chorokhi river. Average perennial runoff in Western Georgia is 41,52 km³, in Eastern Georgia 11,25 km³. The indices of Eastern and Western Georgia were calculated with 50% and 90% river runoff respectively, while the same index calculation for other countries is based on a 50% river runoff. Out of total volume of resources, 133,2 m³/sec (4,21 km³) has been geologically prospected by the State Commission on Reserves and Acknowledged as reserves available for exploitation, 48% (2,02 km³) of which is in Western Georgia and 2,19 km³ in Eastern Georgia. Considering acknowledged water reserves of all categories per capita water resources accounts to 2,2 m³/day, whereas high industrial category -0. 88 m³ /day fresh drinking water. According to accepted norms, the possibility of using underground water reserves is 2,5 times higher than the long-term requirements of the country. The volume of abundant fresh-water reserves in Georgia is about 150 m³/sec (4,74 km³). Water in Georgia is consumed mostly in agriculture for irrigation purposes. It makes 66,4% around Georgia, in Eastern Georgia 72,4% and 38% in Western Georgia. According to the long-term forecast provision of population and the territory with water resources in Eastern Georgia will be quite normal. A bit different is the situation in the lower reaches of the Khrami and Iori rivers which could be easily overcome by corresponding financing. The present day irrigation system in Georgia does not meet the modern technical requirements. The overall efficiency of their majority varies between 0,4-0,6. Similar is the situation in the fresh water and public service water consumption. Organization of the mentioned systems, installation of water meters, introduction of new methods of irrigation without water loss will substantially increase efficiency of water use. Besides new irrigation norms developed from agro-climatic, geographical and hydrological angle will significantly reduce water waste. Taking all this into account we assume that for irrigation agricultural lands in Georgia is necessary 6,0 km³ water, 5,5 km³ of which goes to Eastern Georgia on irrigation arable areas. To increase water supply in Eastern Georgian territory and its population is possible by means of new water reservoirs as the runoff of every river considerably exceeds the consumption volume. In conclusion, we should say that fresh water resources by which Georgia is that rich could be significant source for barter exchange and investment attraction. Certain volume of fresh water can be exported from Western Georgia quite trouble free, without bringing any damage to population and hydroecosystems. The precise volume of exported water per region/time and method/place of water consumption should be defined after the estimation of different hydroecosystems and detailed analyses of water balance of the corresponding territories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rivers" title=" rivers"> rivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74944/the-potential-fresh-water-resources-of-georgia-and-sustainable-water-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Artificial Intelligence: Obstacles Patterns and Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Placide%20Poba-Nzaou">Placide Poba-Nzaou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anicet%20Tchibozo"> Anicet Tchibozo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malatsi%20Galani"> Malatsi Galani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Etkkali"> Ali Etkkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erwin%20Halim"> Erwin Halim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general-purpose technology that is transforming many industries, working life and society by stimulating economic growth and innovation. Despite the huge potential of benefits to be generated, the adoption of AI varies from one organization to another, from one region to another, and from one industry to another, due in part to obstacles that can inhibit an organization or organizations located in a specific geographic region or operating in a specific industry from adopting AI technology. In this context, these obstacles and their implications for AI adoption from the perspective of configurational theory is important for at least three reasons: (1) understanding these obstacles is the first step in enabling policymakers and providers to make an informed decision in stimulating AI adoption (2) most studies have investigating obstacles or challenges of AI adoption in isolation with linear assumptions while configurational theory offers a holistic and multifaceted way of investigating the intricate interactions between perceived obstacles and barriers helping to assess their synergetic combination while holding assumptions of non-linearity leading to insights that would otherwise be out of the scope of studies investigating these obstacles in isolation. This study aims to pursue two objectives: (1) characterize organizations by uncovering the typical profiles of combinations of 15 internal and external obstacles that may prevent organizations from adopting AI technology, (2) assess the variation in terms of intensity of AI adoption associated with each configuration. We used data from a survey of AI adoption by organizations conducted throughout the EU27, Norway, Iceland and the UK (N=7549). Cluster analysis and discriminant analysis help uncover configurations of organizations based on the 15 obstacles, including eight external and seven internal. Second, we compared the clusters according to AI adoption intensity using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tamhane T2 post hoc test. The study uncovers three strongly separated clusters of organizations based on perceived obstacles to AI adoption. The clusters are labeled according to their magnitude of perceived obstacles to AI adoption: (1) Cluster I – High Level of perceived obstacles (N = 2449, 32.4%)(2) Cluster II – Low Level of perceived obstacles (N =1879, 24.9%) (3) Cluster III – Moderate Level of perceived obstacles (N =3221, 42.7%). The proposed taxonomy goes beyond the normative understanding of perceived obstacles to AI adoption and associated implications: it provides a well-structured and parsimonious lens that is useful for policymakers, AI technology providers, and researchers. Surprisingly, the ANOVAs revealed a “high level of perceived obstacles” cluster associated with a significantly high intensity of AI adoption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20intelligence%20%28AI%29" title="Artificial intelligence (AI)">Artificial intelligence (AI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacles" title=" obstacles"> obstacles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxonomy." title=" taxonomy."> taxonomy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165684/artificial-intelligence-obstacles-patterns-and-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Metaphors, Cognition, and Action: Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of President Akuffo-Addo’s Speeches in the COVID-19 Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwabena%20Adubofour">Isaac Kwabena Adubofour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Serwaah%20Afreh"> Esther Serwaah Afreh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Political speeches are structured in ways that ensure that the ideology of the leader is communicated in ways that the opinions of the audience are influenced towards certain lines of action, and in crisis situations like the outbreak of a global pandemic, public opinion and action are influenced through speeches. The foregoing explains the presence of metaphors in presidential speeches. Crises require, among other things, that the thoughts, emotions, and actions of the population are controlled in dealing with the problems at hand. The primary question this study assesses is how the use of metaphors in crisis situations, like the COVID-19 pandemic, influences thought, determines the policies a government adopts, and influences the reactions of the people. The study focused on twenty-four (24) addresses of the President of Ghana, Nana Addo Danquah Akuffo-Addo, on the COVID-19 pandemic and his government’s efforts to manage the crisis. The nature and relevance of presidential speeches and the presence of metaphors in such speeches have been investigated. However, there is a paucity of research on the connection between the presence of metaphors in presidential speeches and their influence on thought and action. Especially within the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is pertinent to investigate how the presence of metaphors in presidential addresses influences social thought and action. Thus, the current study sought to investigate the potential for metaphor use to influence thought and action on a national scale during the COVID crisis. The speeches were collected from the website of the presidency. The analysis was done using Metaphor Identification Process by the Praglejazz Group (2007) with conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) as the theoretical foundation. The findings of the study show that the President’s adoption of war metaphors may not have been ideal since it triggered thoughts, policies, and social actions in line with war. For instance, the reference to health workers as heroes, heroines, and frontline workers praised the efforts of these workers over the efforts of the rest of the population, and that may have contributed to the apathy that arose among the citizens in dealing with the pandemic. This prioritization of the frontline workers explains why their taxes were forgiven for a considerable period. The government further absorbed utility bills of citizens during the pandemic. All these financial commitments may not have been advisable for a developing country like Ghana, but the authors argue that the actions may have been influenced by the metaphor that was adopted. Another finding that is explored is the problem of stigmatization in the country during the pandemic and its connection with the war metaphor. This investigation expands the research on metaphors, social thought and action, and crisis communication. Its contribution to metaphor use, thought, and action suggest its potential implication for education and other fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title="conceptual metaphor theory">conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20communication" title=" crisis communication"> crisis communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presidential%20addresses" title=" presidential addresses"> presidential addresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20communication" title=" risk communication"> risk communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149612/metaphors-cognition-and-action-conceptual-metaphor-analysis-of-president-akuffo-addos-speeches-in-the-covid-19-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Mitigation of Quercetin on Lead-Induced Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model: Changes in Neuroinflammatory Markers and Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliyasu%20Musa%20Omoyine">Iliyasu Musa Omoyine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Sunday%20Abraham"> Musa Sunday Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladele%20Sunday%20Blessing"> Oladele Sunday Blessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliya%20Ibrahim%20Abdullahi"> Iliya Ibrahim Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibegbu%20Augustine%20Oseloka"> Ibegbu Augustine Oseloka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuhu%20Nana-Hawau"> Nuhu Nana-Hawau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Animoku%20Abdulrazaq%20Amoto"> Animoku Abdulrazaq Amoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Abdullateef%20Onoruoiza"> Yusuf Abdullateef Onoruoiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambo%20Sohnap%20James"> Sambo Sohnap James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akpulu%20Steven%20Peter"> Akpulu Steven Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajayi%20Abayomi"> Ajayi Abayomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The neuroprotective role of inflammation from detrimental intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been reported. However, the overactivation of astrocytes and microglia due to lead toxicity produce excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediating neurodegenerative diseases. The present study investigated the mitigatory effects of quercetin on neuroinflammation, correlating with memory function in lead-exposed rats. In this study, Wistar rats were administered orally with Quercetin (Q: 60 mg/kg) and Succimer as a standard drug (S: 10 mg/kg) for 21 days after lead exposure (Pb: 125 mg/kg) of 21 days or in combination with Pb, once daily for 42 days. Working and reference memory was assessed using an Eight-arm radial water maze (8-ARWM). The changes in brain lead level, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity, and the level of neuroinflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) were determined. Immunohistochemically, astrocyte expression was evaluated. The results showed that the brain level of lead was increased significantly in lead-exposed rats. The expression of astrocytes increased in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus, and the levels of brain TNF-α and IL-1β increased in lead-exposed rats. Lead impaired reference and working memory by increasing reference memory errors and working memory incorrect errors in lead-exposed rats. However, quercetin treatment effectively improved memory and inhibited neuroinflammation by reducing astrocytes’ expression and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. The expression of astrocytes and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β correlated with memory function. The possible explanation for quercetin’s anti-neuroinflammatory effect is that it modulates the activity of cellular proteins involved in the inflammatory response; inhibits the transcription factor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which regulates the expression of proinflammatory molecules; inhibits kinases required for the synthesis of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and modifies the phosphorylation of some proteins, which affect the structure and function of intermediate filament proteins; and, lastly, induces Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding (CREB) activation and neurogenesis as a compensatory mechanism for memory deficits and neuronal cell death. In conclusion, the levels of neuroinflammatory markers negatively correlated with memory function. Thus, quercetin may be a promising therapy in neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction in populations prone to lead exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title="lead">lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroinflammation" title=" neuroinflammation"> neuroinflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185197/the-mitigation-of-quercetin-on-lead-induced-neuroinflammation-in-a-rat-model-changes-in-neuroinflammatory-markers-and-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Convergence of Strategic Tasks of Business Tourism and Hotel Industry Development: The Case of Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Katsitadze">Nana Katsitadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Atanelishvili"> Tamar Atanelishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Kutateladze"> Mariam Kutateladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Tushishvili"> Alexandre Tushishvili </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the modern world, tourism has emerged as one of the most powerful economic sectors, and due to its high economic performance, it is attractive to the countries with various levels of economic development. The purpose of the present paper, dedicated to discussing the current problems of tourism development, is to find ways which will contribute to bringing more benefits to the country from the sector. Georgia has been successfully developing leisure tourism for the last ten years, and at the next stage of development business, tourism gains particular importance for Georgia as a means of mitigating the negative socio-economic effects caused by the seasonality of tourism and as a high-cost tourism market. Therefore, the object of the paper is to study the factors that contribute to the development of business tourism. The paper uses the research methods such as system analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as historical, comparative, economic, and statistical methods of analysis. The information base for the research is made up of the statistics on the functioning of the tourism market of Georgia and foreign countries as well as official data provided by international organizations in the field of tourism. Based on the experience of business tourism around the world and identifying the successful start of business tourism development in Georgia and its causing factors, a business tourism development model for Georgia has been developed. The model might be useful as a methodological material for developing a business tourism development concept for the countries with limited financial resources but rich in tourism resources like Georgia. On the initial stage of development (in absence of conventional centers), the suggested concept of business tourism development involves organizing small and medium-sized meetings both in large cities and in regions by using high-class hotel infrastructure and event management services. Relocation of small meetings to the regions encourages inclusive development of the sector based on increasing the awareness of these regions as tourist sites as well as the increase in employment and sales of other tourism or consumer products. Business tourism increases the number of hotel visitors in the non-seasonal period and improves hotel performance indicators, which enhances the attractiveness of investing in the hotel business. According to the present concept of business tourism development, at the initial stage, development of business tourism is based on the existing markets, including internal market, neighboring markets and the markets of geographically relatively near countries and at the next stage, the concept involves generating tourists from other relatively distant target markets. As a result, by gaining experience in business tourism, enhancing professionalism, increasing awareness and stimulating infrastructure development, the country will prepare the basis to move to a higher stage of tourism development. In addition, the experience showed that for attracting large customers, peculiarities of the field require activation of state policy and active use of marketing mechanisms and tools of the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotel%20industry%20development" title="hotel industry development">hotel industry development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICE%20model" title=" MICE model"> MICE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICE%20strategy" title=" MICE strategy"> MICE strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICE%20tourism%20in%20Georgia" title=" MICE tourism in Georgia "> MICE tourism in Georgia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114287/convergence-of-strategic-tasks-of-business-tourism-and-hotel-industry-development-the-case-of-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Late Bronze Age Archeometallurgy of Copper in Mountainous Colchis (Lechkhumi), Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Sulava">Nino Sulava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Gilmour"> Brian Gilmour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Rezesidze"> Nana Rezesidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Beridze"> Tamar Beridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusudan%20Chagelishvili"> Rusudan Chagelishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies of ancient metallurgy are a subject of worldwide current interest. Georgia with its famous early metalworking traditions is one of the central parts of in the Caucasus region. The aim of the present study is to introduce the results of archaeometallurgical investigations being undertaken in the mountain region of Colchis, Lechkhumi (the Tsageri Municipality of western Georgia) and establish their place in the existing archaeological context. Lechkhumi (one of the historic provinces of Georgia known from Georgian, Greek, Byzantine and Armenian written sources as Lechkhumi/Skvimnia/Takveri) is the part of the Colchian mountain area. It is one of the important but little known centres of prehistoric metallurgy in the Caucasian region and of Colchian Bronze Age culture. Reconnaissance archaeological expeditions (2011-2015) revealed significant prehistoric metallurgical sites in Lechkhumi. Sites located in the vicinity of Dogurashi Village (Tsageri Municipality) have become the target area for archaeological excavations. During archaeological excavations conducted in 2016-2018 two archaeometallurgical sites – Dogurashi I and Dogurashi II were investigated. As a result of an interdisciplinary (archaeological, geological and geophysical) survey, it has been established that at both prehistoric Dogurashi mountain sites, it was copper that was being smelted and the ore sources are likely to be of local origin. Radiocarbon dating results confirm they were operating between about the 13th and 9th century BC. More recently another similar site has been identified in this area (Dogurashi III), and this is about to undergo detailed investigation. Other prehistoric metallurgical sites are being located and investigated in the Lechkhumi region as well as chance archaeological finds (often in hoards) – copper ingots, metallurgical production debris, slag, fragments of crucibles, tuyeres (air delivery pipes), furnace wall fragments and other related waste debris. Other chance finds being investigated are the many copper, bronze and (some) iron artefacts that have been found over many years. These include copper ingots, copper, bronze and iron artefacts such as tools, jewelry, and decorative items. These show the important but little known or understood the role of Lechkhumi in the late Bronze Age culture of Colchis. It would seem that mining and metallurgical manufacture form part of the local agricultural yearly lifecycle. Colchian ceramics have been found and also evidence for artefact production, small stone mould fragments and encrusted material from the casting of a fylfot (swastika) form of Colchian bronze buckle found in the vicinities of the early settlements of Tskheta and Dekhviri. Excavation and investigation of previously unknown archaeometallurgical sites in Lechkhumi will contribute significantly to the knowledge and understanding of prehistoric Colchian metallurgy in western Georgia (Adjara, Guria, Samegrelo, and Svaneti) and will reveal the importance of this region in the study of ancient metallurgy in Georgia and the Caucasus. Acknowledgment: This work has been supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (grant FR # 217128). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeometallurgy" title="archaeometallurgy">archaeometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colchis" title=" Colchis"> Colchis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lechkhumi" title=" Lechkhumi"> Lechkhumi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107852/the-late-bronze-age-archeometallurgy-of-copper-in-mountainous-colchis-lechkhumi-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Recent Findings of Late Bronze Age Mining and Archaeometallurgy Activities in the Mountain Region of Colchis (Southern Lechkhumi, Georgia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusudan%20Chagelishvili">Rusudan Chagelishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Sulava"> Nino Sulava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Beridze"> Tamar Beridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Rezesidze"> Nana Rezesidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikoloz%20Tatuashvili"> Nikoloz Tatuashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The South Caucasus is one of the most important centers of prehistoric metallurgy, known for its Colchian bronze culture. Modern Lechkhumi – historical Mountainous Colchis where the existence of prehistoric metallurgy is confirmed by the discovery of many artifacts is a part of this area. Studies focused on prehistoric smelting sites, related artefacts, and ore deposits have been conducted during last ten years in Lechkhumi. More than 20 prehistoric smelting sites and artefacts associated with metallurgical activities (ore roasting furnaces, slags, crucible, and tuyères fragments) have been identified so far. Within the framework of integrated studies was established that these sites were operating in 13-9 centuries B.C. and used for copper smelting. Palynological studies of slags revealed that chestnut (Castanea sativa) and hornbeam (Carpinus sp.) wood were used as smelting fuel. Geological exploration-analytical studies revealed that copper ore mining, processing, and smelting sites were distributed close to each other. Despite recent complex data, the signs of prehistoric mines (trenches) haven’t been found in this part of the study area so far. Since 2018 the archaeological-geological exploration has been focused on the southern part of Lechkhumi and covered the areas of villages Okureshi and Opitara. Several copper smelting sites (Okureshi 1 and 2, Opitara 1), as well as a Colchian Bronze culture settlement, have been identified here. Three mine workings have been found in the narrow gorge of the river Rtkhmelebisgele in the vicinities of the village Opitara. In order to establish a link between the Opitara-Okureshi archaeometallurgical sites, Late Bronze Age settlements, and mines, various scientific analytical methods -mineralized rock and slags petrography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis have been applied. The careful examination of Opitara mine workings revealed that there is a striking difference between the mine #1 on the right bank of the river and mines #2 and #3 on the left bank. The first one has all characteristic features of the Soviet period mine working (e. g. high portal with angular ribs and roof showing signs of blasting). In contrast, mines #2 and #3, which are located very close to each other, have round-shaped portals/entrances, low roofs, and fairly smooth ribs and are filled with thick layers of river sediments and collapsed weathered rock mass. A thorough review of the publications related to prehistoric mine workings revealed some striking similarities between mines #2 and #3 with their worldwide analogues. Apparently, the ore extraction from these mines was conducted by fire-setting applying primitive tools. It was also established that mines are cut in Jurassic mineralized volcanic rocks. Ore minerals (chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena) are related to calcite and quartz veins. The results obtained through the petrochemical and petrography studies of mineralized rock samples from Opitara mines and prehistoric slags are in complete correlation with each other, establishing the direct link between copper mining and smelting within the study area. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (grant # FR-19-13022). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeometallurgy" title="archaeometallurgy">archaeometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mountainous%20Colchis" title=" Mountainous Colchis"> Mountainous Colchis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ore%20minerals" title=" ore minerals"> ore minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145189/recent-findings-of-late-bronze-age-mining-and-archaeometallurgy-activities-in-the-mountain-region-of-colchis-southern-lechkhumi-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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