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Food in The Chronicles of Narnia - Wikipedia
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searchaux" style="display:none">Aspect of the Narnia universe</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>'s series of children's books, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i>, the depictions of food evoke nostalgia for the simple pleasures missing during post World War II <a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">rationing in the United Kingdom</a>, and act as a symbol of positive or negative <a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_with_religious_symbolism" title="List of foods with religious symbolism">spiritual nourishment</a>. In Lewis's essay "On Three Ways of Writing for Children", he writes of the food imagery in his books: "I myself like eating and drinking, I put in what I would have liked to read when I was a child and what I still like reading now that I am in my fifties".<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1966_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1966-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Themes that literary scholars have identified include the dichotomy of wholesome versus magical foods, and food-as-temptation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis began writing the first book in the <i>Chronicles of Narnia,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i>, in 1939, inspired by the London evacuees he had staying at his Oxford home.<sup id="cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickland_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But his writing was initially slow, and he only completed the book in the late 1940s, during the period of post-war rationing.<sup id="cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickland_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strict control of food made even simple items, such as bread, potatoes, or tea, seem valuable.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Narnia books elevate the value of "good ordinary food," such as the tea, fish and potatoes provided by the Beavers to the children in <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacMillan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacMillan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same way, when they are being pursued by the White Witch on Christmas Morning, Father Christmas appears with a pot of tea, and the Beavers prepare sliced ham to make sandwiches for the children.<sup id="cite_ref-tampa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tampa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a>, the wholesome meal Lucy eats with Corakin the Magician, "an omelette, piping hot, cold lamb and green peas, a strawberry ice, lemon-squash to drink with the meal and cup of chocolate to follow," immediately follows her discovery that he is a good magician, and not an evil one as the Duffers had claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/James_Herbert_Brennan" title="James Herbert Brennan">James Herbert Brennan</a>, "the first sense you get in Narnia about Lewis's attitude toward food is an air of profound nostalgia for the lost paradise of a varied, ample diet, and a willingness to wallow in the nostalgia somewhat."<sup id="cite_ref-brennan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brennan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Lewis's essay "On Three Ways of Writing for Children", he writes of the food imagery in his books: "I myself like eating and drinking, I put in what I would have liked to read when I was a child and what I still like reading now that I am in my fifties".<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1966_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1966-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motif of food in Narnia has been considered by some to suggest the value of pleasure, indulgence, and celebration even as it also suggests its role in temptation.<sup id="cite_ref-Werner_1998_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner_1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickland_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enchanted_and_wholesome_foods">Enchanted and wholesome foods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enchanted and wholesome foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe</a>, Lewis draws a contrast between "bad magic" and "good ordinary" food: "There's nothing," the narrator comments on Edmund's inability to enjoy the tea provided by the Beavers, "that spoils the taste of good ordinary food half so much as the memory of bad magic food."<sup id="cite_ref-MacMillan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacMillan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a>, the wholesome meal Lucy eats with Corakin the Magician, "an omelette, piping hot, cold lamb and green peas, a strawberry ice, lemon-squash to drink with the meal and cup of chocolate to follow," communicates her discovery that he is a good magician, and not an evil one as the Duffers had claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tea">Tea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prevalence of meals, especially <a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">tea</a>, in the <i>Narnia Chronicles</i> is also a trope of British <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stephens_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephens-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writers such as <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Nesbit" title="E. Nesbit">E. Nesbit</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_MacDonald" title="George MacDonald">George Macdonald</a> influenced Lewis's sense of how and what to write for children.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Food is also a common motif in fairy-tales.<sup id="cite_ref-Khyoon_2022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khyoon_2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fairy-tales such as "<a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel" title="Hansel and Gretel">Hansel and Gretel</a>," according to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansam_Khyoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansam Khyoon (page does not exist)">Ansam Khyoon</a>, food is associated with times of famine and danger.<sup id="cite_ref-Khyoon_2022_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khyoon_2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also sometimes associated with temptation.<sup id="cite_ref-stephens_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephens-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Werner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Werner (page does not exist)">Mary Werner</a> has argued that <a href="/wiki/Christina_Rossetti" title="Christina Rossetti">Christina Rossetti</a>'s lavish depiction of fruit in her poem, "<a href="/wiki/Goblin_Market" title="Goblin Market">Goblin Market</a>" may have influenced Lewis's portrayal of food as temptation in <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Werner_1998_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner_1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Lucy first steps through the wardrobe she is invited to "a wonderful tea" by Mr Tumnus, the faun, who served her "a nice brown egg...sardines on toast, and then buttered toast, and then toast with honey, and then a sugar topped-cake".<sup id="cite_ref-stephens_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephens-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tampa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tampa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a classic middle-class British tea, and the simple fresh eggs, buttered toast and sardines would have been out of reach for Lucy, who escapes to Narnia in the midst of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-brennan_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brennan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children are also served a hot tea by talking beavers with "a great and gloriously sticky <a href="/wiki/Jam_roly-poly" title="Jam roly-poly">marmalade roll</a>, steaming hot", and other wholesome foods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When they are being pursued by the White Witch on Christmas Morning, <a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a> appears with a pot of tea, and the talking beavers prepare <a href="/wiki/Ham_sandwich" title="Ham sandwich">sliced ham to make sandwiches</a> for the children.<sup id="cite_ref-tampa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tampa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_Delight">Turkish Delight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turkish Delight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardobe</i>, Edmund accepts a "very sweet and foamy and creamy" drink from <a href="/wiki/The_White_Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Witch">the White Witch</a>, followed with "several pounds of the best Turkish Delight".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sweet was a rare luxury in post-war Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickland_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its inclusion has become iconic. The release of 2005 adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe</a> corresponded with a jump in Turkish Delight sales.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The real significance of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish Delight</a> in this episode has been debated. Some interpret it as a representation of uncontrollable desire or greed: the Turkish Delight is said to be enchanted so that anyone who eats it "would want more and more of it, and would even, if they were allowed, go on eating it till they killed themselves".<sup id="cite_ref-Werner_1998_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner_1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary Werner compares it, in this respect, to the fruit in Christina Rossetti's <a href="/wiki/Goblin_Market" title="Goblin Market">Goblin Market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Werner_1998_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner_1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Ward, however, has argued that the Turkish Delight itself is secondary to the real temptation: the White Witch's promise to make Edmund King.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_1966-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1966_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1966_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewis1966" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C.S. (1966). <i>Of Other Worlds: Essays and Stories</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+Other+Worlds%3A+Essays+and+Stories&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strickland_2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strickland_2016_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrickland2016" class="citation web cs1">Strickland, Cara (2016-08-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.jstor.org/turkish-delight/">"Why Was Turkish Delight C.S. Lewis's Guilty Pleasure?"</a>. <i>JSTOR Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JSTOR+Daily&rft.atitle=Why+Was+Turkish+Delight+C.S.+Lewis%27s+Guilty+Pleasure%3F&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Fturkish-delight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2014" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Rob (2014-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flashbak.com/the-rationing-years-in-britain-1939-1954-21011/">"The Rationing Years in Britain 1939 - 1954"</a>. <i>Flashbak</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flashbak&rft.atitle=The+Rationing+Years+in+Britain+1939+-+1954&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflashbak.com%2Fthe-rationing-years-in-britain-1939-1954-21011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacMillan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacMillan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacMillan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1950" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C.S. (1950). <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i>. New York: MacMillan. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tampa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tampa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tampa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tampa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008145407/https://www.tampabay.com/things-to-do/food/cooking/Party-like-it-s-Christmas-in-Narnia-with-these-recipes-perfect-for-tea-time_163274476/">"Party like it's Christmas in Narnia with these recipes perfect for tea time"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/things-to-do/food/cooking/Party-like-it-s-Christmas-in-Narnia-with-these-recipes-perfect-for-tea-time_163274476/">the original</a> on 2020-10-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Party+like+it%27s+Christmas+in+Narnia+with+these+recipes+perfect+for+tea+time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Ffood%2Fcooking%2FParty-like-it-s-Christmas-in-Narnia-with-these-recipes-perfect-for-tea-time_163274476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2013" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Devin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Inside_Narnia/IeuZAAAAQ&pg=PT108"><i>Inside Narnia: A Guide to Exploring the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Narnia%3A+A+Guide+to+Exploring+the+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Devin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FInside_Narnia%2FIeuZAAAAQ%26pg%3DPT108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brennan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brennan_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brennan_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2010" class="citation book cs1">Brennan, Herbie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cOK_30chNK8C"><i>Through the Wardrobe: Your Favorite Authors on C.S. 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Georgia Southern University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Nothing+More+Delicious%3A+Food+as+Temptation+in+Children%27s+Literature&rft.inst=Georgia+Southern+University&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Mary+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu%2Fetd%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelionscall.com/2014/02/11/people-that-inspired-c-s-lewis/">"People that Inspired C.S. Lewis | The Lion's Call"</a>. 11 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974093-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974093-2"><bdi>978-0-19-974093-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+Narnia%3A+The+Seven+Heavens+in+the+Imagination+of+C.S.+Lewis&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1381&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974093-2&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwJY9cdkNy9kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narnia" title="Template:Narnia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narnia" title="Template talk:Narnia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narnia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narnia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_by_C._S._Lewis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Chair" title="The Silver Chair">The Silver Chair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_and_His_Boy" title="The Horse and His Boy">The Horse and His Boy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magician%27s_Nephew" title="The Magician's Nephew">The Magician's Nephew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Battle" title="The Last Battle">The Last Battle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1967_TV_serial)" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1967 TV serial)">1967 TV serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)">1979 animated special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(TV_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)">1988–1990 BBC series</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1988_TV_serial)" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988 TV serial)">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian_and_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader_(1989_TV_serial)" title="Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1989 TV serial)">Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Chair_(1990_TV_serial)" title="The Silver Chair (1990 TV serial)">The Silver Chair</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(film_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)">Film series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Narnia:_Creating_The_Lion,_the_Witch,_and_the_Wardrobe" title="Journey into Narnia: Creating The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe">attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(video_game)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian" title="Journey into Narnia: Prince Caspian">attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian_(video_game)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(film_series)_cast_members" title="List of The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) cast members">Cast list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_film_series" title="Music of The Chronicles of Narnia film series">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Chronicles of Narnia film series">Accolades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_characters" title="List of The Chronicles of Narnia characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravis" title="Aravis">Aravis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslan" title="Aslan">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Narnia)" title="Bree (Narnia)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian_(character)" title="Prince Caspian (character)">Caspian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriakin" title="Coriakin">Coriakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digory_Kirke" title="Digory Kirke">Digory Kirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Drinian" title="Lord Drinian">Lord Drinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pevensie" title="Edmund Pevensie">Edmund Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeth" title="Emeth">Emeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Scrubb" title="Eustace Scrubb">Eustace Scrubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwin" title="Hwin">Hwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pole" title="Jill Pole">Jill Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Green_Kirtle" title="Lady of the Green Kirtle">Lady of the Green Kirtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Pevensie" title="Lucy Pevensie">Lucy Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maugrim" title="Maugrim">Maugrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraz" title="Miraz">Miraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pevensie" title="Peter Pevensie">Peter Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Plummer" title="Polly Plummer">Polly Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puddleglum" title="Puddleglum">Puddleglum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramandu" title="Ramandu">Ramandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramandu%27s_daughter" title="Ramandu's daughter">Ramandu's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reepicheep" title="Reepicheep">Reepicheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilian" title="Rilian">Rilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Great_Lords_of_Narnia" title="Seven Great Lords of Narnia">Seven Great Lords of Narnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(Narnia)" title="Shasta (Narnia)">Shasta/Cor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_(Narnia)" title="Shift (Narnia)">Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pevensie" title="Susan Pevensie">Susan Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tash_(Narnia)" title="Tash (Narnia)">Tash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmarines" title="Telmarines">Telmarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirian" title="Tirian">Tirian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpkin" title="Trumpkin">Trumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Tumnus" title="Mr. Tumnus">Mr. Tumnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Witch" title="White Witch">White Witch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnia_(world)" title="Narnia (world)">Narnia (world)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Table" title="Stone Table">Aslan's How</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calormen" title="Calormen">Calormen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charn" title="Charn">Charn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underland_(Narnia)" title="Underland (Narnia)">Underland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Narnia" title="Outline of Narnia">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Word" title="Deplorable Word">Deplorable Word</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_creatures_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Magical creatures in The Chronicles of Narnia">Magical creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Religion in The Chronicles of Narnia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Category:The Chronicles of Narnia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Narnia" title="Outline of Narnia">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐ldphb Cached time: 20241125103044 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time 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