CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Michael Fisher – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ptwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janeiro","fevereiro","março","abril","maio","junho","julho","agosto","setembro","outubro","novembro","dezembro"],"wgRequestId":"fc6506a1-3ea5-4d29-a527-a93f1d84a74f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Michael_Fisher","wgTitle":"Michael Fisher","wgCurRevisionId":68457359,"wgRevisionId":68457359,"wgArticleId":2883286,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Páginas que utilizam a extensão JsonConfig","!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)","!Esboços maiores que 1000 bytes","!Esboços sobre físicos","Nascidos em 1931","Mortos em 2021","Medalha Real","Prêmio Wolf de Física","Membros da Royal Society","Membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências","Professores da Universidade Cornell","Professores da Universidade de Maryland","Professores do King's College de Londres","Físicos da Inglaterra", "Físicos do Reino Unido","Alunos do King's College de Londres","Naturais de Trindade e Tobago"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Michael_Fisher","wgRelevantArticleId":2883286,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pt"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1364884","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.30"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base":"ready","ext.gadget.keepPDU":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Topicon","ext.gadget.Metacaixa","ext.gadget.TitleRewrite","ext.gadget.ElementosOcultaveis","ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.NewVillagePump","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.requestForAdminship","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.PagesForDeletion","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking", "ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base%2CkeepPDU&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Michael Fisher – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (pt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="''Feed'' Atom Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Michael_Fisher rootpage-Michael_Fisher skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltar para o conteúdo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegação </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Visitar a página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Página principal</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conte%C3%BAdo_destacado"><span>Conteúdo destacado</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Eventos_atuais" title="Informação temática sobre eventos atuais"><span>Eventos atuais</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esplanada"><span>Esplanada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleat%C3%B3ria" title="Carregar página aleatória [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatória</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C3%8Dndice"><span>Portais</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informe_um_erro"><span>Informar um erro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Colaboração </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Boas-vindas"><span>Boas-vindas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Um local reservado para auxílio."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-Páginas-de-testes-públicas" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_de_testes"><span>Páginas de testes públicas</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Portal_comunit%C3%A1rio" title="Sobre o projeto"><span>Portal comunitário</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes" title="Uma lista de mudanças recentes nesta wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mudanças recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span>Manutenção</span></a></li><li id="n-createpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Como_come%C3%A7ar_uma_p%C3%A1gina"><span>Criar página</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_novas"><span>Páginas novas</span></a></li><li id="n-contact-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contato"><span>Contato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pt.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Pesquisar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Busca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" aria-label="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Pesquisar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pesquisar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspeto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspeto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt" class=""><span>Donativos</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Michael+Fisher" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório" class=""><span>Criar uma conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Michael+Fisher" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Entrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mais opções" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas pessoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu do utilizador" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt"><span>Donativos</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Michael+Fisher" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Criar uma conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Michael+Fisher" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Entrar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores sem sessão iniciada <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introduction" aria-label="Saiba mais sobre edição"><span>saber mais</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minhas_contribui%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Uma lista de edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuições</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minha_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Discussão sobre edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eocultar\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteúdo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteúdo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Fisher</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 20 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مايكل فيشر — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل فيشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مايكل فيشر — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل فيشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مایکل فیشر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایکل فیشر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Майкл Фішэр — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Фішэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Fisher" title="Michael E. Fisher — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael E. Fisher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Fisher" title="Michael E. Fisher — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael E. Fisher" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مایکل فیشر — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل فیشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Fisher" title="Michael E. Fisher — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael E. Fisher" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="マイケル・フィッシャー — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・フィッシャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="마이클 피셔 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 피셔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Фишер, Майкл — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фишер, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michael Fisher" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مائیکل فشر — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائیکل فشر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="迈克尔·费希尔 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈克尔·费希尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1364884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Michael_Fisher" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fisher"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fisher"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Michael_Fisher" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Michael_Fisher" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&oldid=68457359" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Michael_Fisher&id=68457359&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Fisher"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Fisher"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Michael+Fisher"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Michael_Fisher&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1364884" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Michael Fisher</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Teoria de <a href="/wiki/Transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_fase" title="Transição de fase">transição de fase</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/3_de_setembro#Nascimentos" title="3 de setembro">3 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a></span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_e_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad e Tobago">Trinidad e Tobago</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">26 de novembro de 2021 (<span style="white-space:nowrap">90 anos</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ingleses" title="Ingleses">inglês</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Reino Unido </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Filho(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Matthew P. A. Fisher </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_de_Londres" title="King's College de Londres">King's College de Londres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, físico teórico, <a href="/wiki/Cientista" title="Cientista">cientista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roteirista" title="Roteirista">roteirista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_universit%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor universitário">professor universitário</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tico" title="Matemático">matemático</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_e_Pr%C3%AAmio_Faraday#Guthrie_Medal_and_Prize" title="Medalha e Prêmio Faraday">Guthrie Medal and Prize</a> (1980)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física</a> (1980)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Boltzmann" title="Medalha Boltzmann">Medalha Boltzmann</a> (1983)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_Lecture" title="Gibbs Lecture">Gibbs Lecture</a> (1992)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Prêmio Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Prêmio Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a> (1995)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Lars_Onsager" title="Prêmio Lars Onsager">Prêmio Lars Onsager</a> (1995)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Real" title="Medalha Real">Medalha Real</a> (2005)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmios_Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_BBVA_Fronteiras_do_Conhecimento" title="Prêmios Fundação BBVA Fronteiras do Conhecimento">Prêmios Fronteiras do Conhecimento</a> (2009)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Cornell" title="Universidade Cornell">Universidade Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_de_Londres" title="King's College de Londres">King's College de Londres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Universidade de Maryland">Universidade de Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leiden" title="Universidade de Leiden">Universidade de Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leiden" title="Universidade de Leiden">Universidade de Leiden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Orientado(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Milton" title="Graeme Milton">Graeme Milton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Universidade de Maryland">Universidade de Maryland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Página oficial </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.glue.umd.edu/~xpectnil/">http://www.glue.umd.edu/~xpectnil/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364884" class="extiw" title="d:Q1364884">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Ellis Fisher</b> (Fyzabad,<a href="/wiki/Trinidad_e_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad e Tobago">Trinidad e Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_de_setembro" title="3 de setembro">3 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> – <a href="/wiki/26_de_novembro" title="26 de novembro">26 de novembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tico" title="Matemático">matemático</a> <a href="/wiki/Ingleses" title="Ingleses">inglês</a>. </p><p>Conhecido por diversas contribuições na <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_estat%C3%ADstica" title="Física estatística">física estatística</a>, incluindo sua teoria de <a href="/wiki/Transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_fase" title="Transição de fase">transição de fase</a>, pela qual ganhou várias homenagens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formado pelo <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_de_Londres" title="King's College de Londres">King's College de Londres</a>, onde obteve o <a href="/wiki/Doutoramento" title="Doutoramento">Ph.D.</a> em <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> em 1957. Tornou-se <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> pela mesma universidade no ano seguinte. Em 1966 se mudou para a <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Cornell" title="Universidade Cornell">Universidade Cornell</a>, onde se tornou professor de <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> e <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Matemática">matemática</a>, sendo o chefe do departamento de química no período de 1975 a 1978. Em 1971 se tornou membro da <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. </p><p>Em 1983 Michael Fisher foi eleito membro da <a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a>, na seção de química. Desde 1987 trabalhou no Instituto de Física da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Universidade de Maryland">Universidade de Maryland</a>. </p><p>Fisher recebeu o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> em 1980 (junto com <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a>), também recebeu em 1983 a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Boltzmann" title="Medalha Boltzmann">Medalha Boltzmann</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> pelo <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_F%C3%ADsica_Pura_e_Aplicada" title="União Internacional de Física Pura e Aplicada">União Internacional de Física Pura e Aplicada</a>, dentre outros prêmios. Também foi um dos que assinaram uma petição para o presidente <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> em 2015 para que o <a href="/wiki/Governo_Federal_dos_Estados_Unidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos">Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos</a> fizesse um pacto de <a href="/wiki/Programa_nuclear_iraniano#Restabelecimento_das_negocia.C3.A7.C3.B5es_entre_Ir.C3.A3_e_Estados_Unidos" title="Programa nuclear iraniano">desarmamento nuclear e de não-agressão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morreu em 26 de novembro de 2021, aos 90 anos de idade.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolffund.org.il/full.asp?id=105">«The 1980 Wolf Foundatio Prize in Physics»</a> (em inglês). 1980</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fisher&rft.btitle=The+1980+Wolf+Foundatio+Prize+in+Physics&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolffund.org.il%2Ffull.asp%3Fid%3D105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~statphys/links/IUPAP_C3/Boltz_Award/BA1983.html">«Michael E. Fisher: Boltzmann Medallist 1983»</a> (em inglês). 1983</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fisher&rft.btitle=Michael+E.+Fisher%3A+Boltzmann+Medallist+1983&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinica.edu.tw%2F~statphys%2Flinks%2FIUPAP_C3%2FBoltz_Award%2FBA1983.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rt.com/news/312001-us-scientists-letter-obama/">29 top US scientists pen letter to Obama on ‘unprecedented’ Iran deal</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia Today">Russia Today</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_de_agosto" title="9 de agosto">9 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/2235612/iranletteraug2015.pdf">Dear Mr. President</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-obit_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umdphysics.umd.edu/about-us/news/department-news/1752-fisher.html#!Fisher_2">«Michael E. Fisher, 1931-2021»</a>. <i>UMD Physics</i>. 30 de novembro de 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fisher&rft.atitle=Michael+E.+Fisher%2C+1931-2021&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UMD+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumdphysics.umd.edu%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2Fdepartment-news%2F1752-fisher.html%23%21Fisher_2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glue.umd.edu/~xpectnil/">«Sítio oficial»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fisher&rft.btitle=S%C3tio+oficial&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glue.umd.edu%2F~xpectnil%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> - <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Universidade de Maryland">Universidade de Maryland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=43998">Michael Fisher</a> (em inglês) no <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física</a></b><br />1980<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/James_Black" title="James Black">James Black</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a> e</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lewis" title="Jack Lewis">Jack Lewis</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Real" title="Medalha Real">Medalha Real</a></b><br />2005<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pepper" title="Michael Pepper">Michael Pepper</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pawson" title="Anthony Pawson">Anthony Pawson</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/David_Baulcombe" title="David Baulcombe">David Baulcombe</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Timothy_Hunt" title="Richard Timothy Hunt">Richard Timothy Hunt</a> e</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_Pendry" title="John Pendry">John Pendry</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prêmio_Wolf_de_Física_(1978_—_2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Prêmio Wolf de Física (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prêmio_Wolf_de_Física_(1978_—_2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física (1978 — 2021)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:120%;"> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040861">.mw-parser-output .sep-list{font-weight:bold}</style><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1980: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1983/4: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Hahn" title="Erwin Hahn">Erwin Hahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hirsch" title="Peter Hirsch">Peter Hirsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Harold_Maiman" title="Theodore Harold Maiman">Theodore Harold Maiman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1984/5: <a href="/wiki/Conyers_Herring" title="Conyers Herring">Conyers Herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Nozi%C3%A8res" title="Philippe Nozières">Philippe Nozières</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Feigenbaum">Mitchell Feigenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Libchaber" title="Albert Libchaber">Albert Libchaber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">David Thouless</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Telegdi" title="Valentine Telegdi">Valentine Telegdi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrot" title="Benoît Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1994/5: <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1996/7: <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry" title="Michael Berry">Michael Berry</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2002/3: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Halperin" title="Bertrand Halperin">Bertrand Halperin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Robert Brout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2006/7: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Haider" title="Maximilian Haider">Maximilian Haider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harald_Rose" title="Harald Rose">Harald Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knut_Urban" title="Knut Urban">Knut Urban</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_David_Bekenstein" title="Jacob David Bekenstein">Jacob David Bekenstein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/James_Bjorken" title="James Bjorken">James Bjorken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirshner" title="Robert Kirshner">Robert Kirshner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoseph_Imry" title="Yoseph Imry">Yoseph Imry</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Bennett">Charles Henry Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">Gilles Brassard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Bistritzer" title="Rafi Bistritzer">Rafi Bistritzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Jarillo-Herrero" title="Pablo Jarillo-Herrero">Pablo Jarillo-Herrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Hugh_MacDonald" title="Allan Hugh MacDonald">Allan Hugh MacDonald</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a></span> </p> </div> <hr /> <div align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Agronomia" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Agronomia">Prêmio Wolf de Agronomia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Artes" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Artes">Prêmio Wolf de Artes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Matemática">Prêmio Wolf de Matemática</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Medicina" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Medicina">Prêmio Wolf de Medicina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Química">Prêmio Wolf de Química</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Boltzmann" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Boltzmann" title="Predefinição:Medalha Boltzmann"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Boltzmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Boltzmann (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Boltzmann&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Boltzmann" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Boltzmann" title="Medalha Boltzmann">Medalha Boltzmann</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="font-size:100%;line-height:120%;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1975: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ryogo_Kubo" title="Ryogo Kubo">Ryogo Kubo</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1980: <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Baxter" title="Rodney Baxter">Rodney Baxter</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1983: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Fisher</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1986: <a href="/wiki/David_Ruelle" title="David Ruelle">David Ruelle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Yakov_G._Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakov G. Sinai">Yakov G. Sinai</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1989: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1992: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Lebowitz" title="Joel Lebowitz">Joel Lebowitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1995: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edwards" title="Samuel Edwards">Samuel Edwards</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1998: <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Lieb" title="Elliott Lieb">Elliott Lieb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Widom" title="Benjamin Widom">Benjamin Widom</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2001: <a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kyozi_Kawasaki" title="Kyozi Kawasaki">Kyozi Kawasaki</a></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._G._D._Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. G. D. Cohen (página não existe)">E. G. D. Cohen</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Eugene_Stanley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Eugene Stanley (página não existe)">H. Eugene Stanley</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2007: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Binder" title="Kurt Binder">Kurt Binder</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gallavotti" title="Giovanni Gallavotti">Giovanni Gallavotti</a></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Cardy" title="John Cardy">John Cardy</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Derrida" title="Bernard Derrida">Bernard Derrida</a> </span> </p> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Real._Laureados_(2001_—_2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Real_(2001_%E2%80%94_2050)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Real (2001 — 2050)"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Real_(2001_%E2%80%94_2050)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Real (2001 — 2050) (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Real_(2001_%E2%80%94_2050)&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Real._Laureados_(2001_—_2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Real" title="Medalha Real">Medalha Real. Laureados (2001 — 2021)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lavenham_Gardner" title="Richard Lavenham Gardner">Richard Lavenham Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Horn" title="Gabriel Horn">Gabriel Horn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edwards" title="Samuel Edwards">Samuel Edwards</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2002: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Peto" title="Richard Peto">Richard Peto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Cory" title="Suzanne Cory">Suzanne Cory</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ray_Freeman" title="Ray Freeman">Ray Freeman</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2003: <a href="/wiki/John_Skehel" title="John Skehel">John Skehel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Langstreth_Johnson" title="Kenneth Langstreth Johnson">Kenneth Langstreth Johnson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Shackleton" title="Nicholas Shackleton">Nicholas Shackleton</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2004: <a href="/wiki/James_Black" title="James Black">James Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lewis" title="Jack Lewis">Jack Lewis</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2005: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pepper" title="Michael Pepper">Michael Pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pawson" title="Anthony Pawson">Anthony Pawson</a> e <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Fisher</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2006: <a href="/wiki/David_Baulcombe" title="David Baulcombe">David Baulcombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Timothy_Hunt" title="Richard Timothy Hunt">Richard Timothy Hunt</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Pendry" title="John Pendry">John Pendry</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2007: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hilsum" title="Cyril Hilsum">Cyril Hilsum</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Feast" title="James Feast">James Feast</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2008: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hedges" title="Robert Hedges">Robert Hedges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Cohen" title="Philip Cohen">Philip Cohen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alan_Fersht" title="Alan Fersht">Alan Fersht</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2009: <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Rao" title="Chintamani Rao">Chintamani Rao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Laskey" title="Ronald Laskey">Ronald Laskey</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chris_Dobson" title="Chris Dobson">Chris Dobson</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Knight" title="Peter Knight">Peter Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azim_Surani" title="Azim Surani">Azim Surani</a> e <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hill" title="Allen Hill">Allen Hill</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2011: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Ley" title="Steven Ley">Steven Ley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Holliday" title="Robin Holliday">Robin Holliday</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2012: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Tom Kibble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Murray" title="Kenneth Murray">Kenneth Murray</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bruce_Holmes" title="Andrew Bruce Holmes">Andrew Bruce Holmes</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2013: <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Baxter" title="Rodney Baxter">Rodney Baxter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bodmer" title="Walter Bodmer">Walter Bodmer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Neil_Temple_Wells" title="Peter Neil Temple Wells">Peter Neil Temple Wells</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2014: <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Terence Tao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rex_Hunter" title="Anthony Rex Hunter">Anthony Rex Hunter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Howard_Morris" title="Howard Morris">Howard Morris</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2015: <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Llewellyn_Smith" title="Christopher Llewellyn Smith">Christopher Llewellyn Smith</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2016: <a href="/wiki/John_Meurig_Thomas" title="John Meurig Thomas">John Meurig Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Robertson" title="Elizabeth Robertson">Elizabeth Robertson</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Goodby" title="John Goodby">John Goodby</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2017: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Corkum" title="Paul Corkum">Paul Corkum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Raymond_Grant" title="Peter Raymond Grant">Peter Raymond Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rosemary_Grant" title="Barbara Rosemary Grant">Barbara Rosemary Grant</a> e <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Greaves" title="Melvyn Greaves">Melvyn Greaves</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2018: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephen_John_Sparks" title="Robert Stephen John Sparks">Robert Stephen John Sparks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Wolpert" title="Lewis Wolpert">Lewis Wolpert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shankar_Balasubramanian" title="Shankar Balasubramanian">Shankar Balasubramanian</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Klenerman" title="David Klenerman">David Klenerman</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2019: <a href="/wiki/Carol_Robinson" title="Carol Robinson">Carol Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Goedert" title="Michel Goedert">Michel Goedert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ann_Dowling" title="Ann Dowling">Ann Dowling</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2020: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Huppert" title="Herbert Huppert">Herbert Huppert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Dean" title="Caroline Dean">Caroline Dean</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ian_Shanks" title="Ian Shanks">Ian Shanks</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2021: <a href="/wiki/Colin_Humphreys" title="Colin Humphreys">Colin Humphreys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lo" title="Dennis Lo">Dennis Lo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_Green" title="Michael Green">Michael Green</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" title="Portal da física"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física">Portal da física</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Sciences_exactes.svg" title="Portal da química"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/25px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/38px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/50px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Portal:Química">Portal da química</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg" title="Portal da matemática"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Portal:Matemática">Portal da matemática</a></span></span></li> </ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/30px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/60px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364884" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1364884">Q1364884</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/15926119">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15926119/">15926119</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09190470">DA09190470</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/123453">123453</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132250012">132250012</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000022379067">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83828054">n83828054</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=43998">43998</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072170611">072170611</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n2002094305">n2002094305</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dados_bibliogr%C3%A1fica)" title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica)">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7403500687">7403500687</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC" class="extiw" title="en:SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zg94nx">w6zg94nx</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/119972603">119972603</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013258" class="extiw" title="d:Q5013258">CONOR.SR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/sr/sr/conor/52154633">52154633</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56557486" class="extiw" title="d:Q56557486">Catálogo SHARE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.share-cat.unina.it/sharecat/searchNames?n_cluster_id=12384">12384</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Eslov%C3%A1quia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Eslováquia">SNK</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://autority.snk.sk/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=157342">157342</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&oldid=68457359">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&oldid=68457359</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nascidos_em_1931" title="Categoria:Nascidos em 1931">Nascidos em 1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mortos_em_2021" title="Categoria:Mortos em 2021">Mortos em 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Medalha_Real" title="Categoria:Medalha Real">Medalha Real</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Categoria:Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Membros_da_Royal_Society" title="Categoria:Membros da Royal Society">Membros da Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Membros_da_Academia_Brasileira_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Categoria:Membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências">Membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Professores_da_Universidade_Cornell" title="Categoria:Professores da Universidade Cornell">Professores da Universidade Cornell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Professores_da_Universidade_de_Maryland" title="Categoria:Professores da Universidade de Maryland">Professores da Universidade de Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Professores_do_King%27s_College_de_Londres" title="Categoria:Professores do King's College de Londres">Professores do King's College de Londres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:F%C3%ADsicos_da_Inglaterra" title="Categoria:Físicos da Inglaterra">Físicos da Inglaterra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:F%C3%ADsicos_do_Reino_Unido" title="Categoria:Físicos do Reino Unido">Físicos do Reino Unido</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Alunos_do_King%27s_College_de_Londres" title="Categoria:Alunos do King's College de Londres">Alunos do King's College de Londres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Naturais_de_Trindade_e_Tobago" title="Categoria:Naturais de Trindade e Tobago">Naturais de Trindade e Tobago</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A1ginas_que_utilizam_a_extens%C3%A3o_JsonConfig" title="Categoria:Páginas que utilizam a extensão JsonConfig">Páginas que utilizam a extensão JsonConfig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Esbo%C3%A7os_maiores_que_1000_bytes" title="Categoria:!Esboços maiores que 1000 bytes">!Esboços maiores que 1000 bytes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Esbo%C3%A7os_sobre_f%C3%ADsicos" title="Categoria:!Esboços sobre físicos">!Esboços sobre físicos</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 00h11min de 18 de agosto de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. Para mais detalhes, consulte as <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condições de utilização</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/pt-br">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre">Sobre a Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral">Avisos gerais</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conduta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programadores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pt.wikipedia.org">Estatísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaração sobre ''cookies''</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fisher&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versão móvel</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-gwlrs","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.792","walltime":"0.987","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8657,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109194,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12508,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":33,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4097,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":16,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 890.051 1 -total"," 41.14% 366.193 1 Predefinição:Info/Biografia/Wikidata"," 40.33% 358.994 1 Predefinição:Info"," 38.12% 339.330 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade"," 11.64% 103.574 2 Predefinição:Br_separated_entries"," 5.26% 46.793 1 Predefinição:Referências"," 4.43% 39.468 3 Predefinição:Citar_web"," 3.68% 32.775 3 Predefinição:Navbox"," 3.43% 30.538 1 Predefinição:Portal3"," 3.22% 28.656 3 Predefinição:Portal3/Portais"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.440","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12400156,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-4lzn5","timestamp":"20241128131240","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Michael Fisher","url":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Fisher","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1364884","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1364884","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contribuidores dos projetos da Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-09-10T13:46:37Z","dateModified":"2024-08-18T00:11:18Z"}</script> </body> </html>