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Khalifa</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Anouar Ben Khalifa"> <meta name="keywords" content="Anouar Ben Khalifa"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Anouar Ben Khalifa"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Anouar Ben Khalifa</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Multimodal Biometric Authentication Using Choquet Integral and Genetic Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anouar%20Ben%20Khalifa">Anouar Ben Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sami%20Gazzah"> Sami Gazzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Najoua%20Essoukri%20BenAmara"> Najoua Essoukri BenAmara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Choquet integral is a tool for the information fusion that is very effective in the case where fuzzy measures associated with it are well chosen. In this paper, we propose a new approach for calculating fuzzy measures associated with the Choquet integral in a context of data fusion in multimodal biometrics. The proposed approach is based on genetic algorithms. It has been validated in two databases: the first base is relative to synthetic scores and the second one is biometrically relating to the face, fingerprint and palmprint. The results achieved attest the robustness of the proposed approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimodal%20biometrics" title="Multimodal biometrics">Multimodal biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=data%20fusion" title=" data fusion"> data fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Choquet%20integral" title=" Choquet integral"> Choquet integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20measures" title=" fuzzy measures"> fuzzy measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20algorithm." title=" genetic algorithm. "> genetic algorithm. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/multimodal-biometric-authentication-using-choquet-integral-and-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Adaptive Score Normalization: A Novel Approach for Multimodal Biometric Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anouar%20Ben%20Khalifa">Anouar Ben Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sami%20Gazzah"> Sami Gazzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Najoua%20Essoukri%20BenAmara"> Najoua Essoukri BenAmara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Multimodal biometric systems integrate the data presented by multiple biometric sources, hence offering a better performance than the systems based on a single biometric modality. Although the coupling of biometric systems can be done at different levels, the fusion at the scores level is the most common since it has been proven effective than the rest of the fusion levels. However, the scores from different modalities are generally heterogeneous. A step of normalizing the scores is needed to transform these scores into a common domain before combining them. In this paper, we study the performance of several normalization techniques with various fusion methods in a context relating to the merger of three unimodal systems based on the face, the palmprint and the fingerprint. We also propose a new adaptive normalization method that takes into account the distribution of client scores and impostor scores. Experiments conducted on a database of 100 people show that the performances of a multimodal system depend on the choice of the normalization method and the fusion technique. The proposed normalization method has given the best results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multibiometrics" title="Multibiometrics">Multibiometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fusion" title=" Fusion"> Fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Score%20level" title=" Score level"> Score level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Score%20normalization" title=" Score normalization"> Score normalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20normalization." title=" Adaptive normalization. "> Adaptive normalization. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/adaptive-score-normalization-a-novel-approach-for-multimodal-biometric-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Performance Evaluation of Low Density Parity Check Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa">Othman O. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sheroz%20khan"> Sheroz khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Zaid"> Mohamad Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhamad%20Nawawi"> Muhamad Nawawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper mainly about the study on one of the widely used error correcting codes that is Low parity check Codes (LDPC). In this paper, the Regular LDPC code has been discussed The LDPC codes explained in this paper is about the Regular Binary LDPC codes or the Gallager. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LDPC" title="LDPC">LDPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=channel%20coding." title=" channel coding."> channel coding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/performance-evaluation-of-low-density-parity-check-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2824</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Differential Sandwich Theorems with Generalised Derivative Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maslina%20Darus">Maslina Darus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalifa%20Al-Shaqsi"> Khalifa Al-Shaqsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a generalized derivatives operator n λ,βf introduced by the authors will be discussed. Some subordination and superordination results involving this operator for certain normalized analytic functions in the open unit disk will be investigated. Our results extend corresponding previously known results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analytic%20functions" title="Analytic functions">Analytic functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Univalent%20functions" title=" Univalent functions"> Univalent functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Derivative%20operator" title=" Derivative operator"> Derivative operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differential%20subordination" title=" Differential subordination"> Differential subordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differential%20superordination." title=" Differential superordination."> Differential superordination.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/differential-sandwich-theorems-with-generalised-derivative-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Synthesis and Reactions of Sulphone Hydrazides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20E.%20Khalifa">Mohamed E. Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The chemistry of sulphone hydrazide has gained increase interest in both synthetic organic chemistry and biological fields and has considerable value. The therapeutic importance of these compounds is the attractive force to continue research in such a point. The present review covers the literature up to date for the synthesis, reactions and applications of such compounds.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulphone%20hydrazide%20compounds" title="Sulphone hydrazide compounds">Sulphone hydrazide compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reactions" title=" Reactions"> Reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Synthesis" title=" Synthesis"> Synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biological%20activities." title=" Biological activities."> Biological activities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/synthesis-and-reactions-of-sulphone-hydrazides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Fekete-Szeg¨o Problem for Subclasses of Analytic Functions Defined by New Integral Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalifa%20AlShaqsi">Khalifa AlShaqsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The author introduced the integral operator , by using this operator a new subclasses of analytic functions are introduced. For these classes, several Fekete-Szeg¨ type coefficient inequalities are obtained.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integral%20operator" title="Integral operator">Integral operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fekete-Szeg%C2%A8%20inequalities" title=" Fekete-Szeg¨ inequalities"> Fekete-Szeg¨ inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analytic%0D%0Afunctions." title=" Analytic functions."> Analytic functions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/fekete-szego-problem-for-subclasses-of-analytic-functions-defined-by-new-integral-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1770</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Security Management System of Cellular Communication: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa">Othman O. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulrazzag%20Aburas"> Abdulrazzag Aburas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Al%20Bagul"> A. Al Bagul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meftah%20Hrairi"> Meftah Hrairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Shahril%20bin%0AShahbuddin"> Muhammad Shahril bin Shahbuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harman%20bin%20Mat%20Kasa"> Harman bin Mat Kasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellular communication is being widely used by all over the world. The users of handsets are increasing due to the request from marketing sector. The important aspect that has to be touch in this paper is about the security system of cellular communication. It is important to provide users with a secure channel for communication. A brief description of the new GSM cellular network architecture will be provided. Limitations of cellular networks, their security issues and the different types of attacks will be discussed. The paper will go over some new security mechanisms that have been proposed by researchers. Overall, this paper clarifies the security system or services of cellular communication using GSM. Three Malaysian Communication Companies were taken as Case study in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Security%20systems" title=" Security systems"> Security systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SIM%20CARD" title=" SIM CARD"> SIM CARD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IMSI" title=" IMSI"> IMSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Authentication." title=" Authentication."> Authentication.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/security-management-system-of-cellular-communication-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Normalization Discriminant Independent Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liew%20Yee%20Ping">Liew Yee Ping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pang%20Ying%20Han"> Pang Ying Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lau%20Siong%20Hoe"> Lau Siong Hoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ooi%20Shih%20Yin"> Ooi Shih Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Housam%20Khalifa%20Bashier%20Babiker"> Housam Khalifa Bashier Babiker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In face recognition, feature extraction techniques attempts to search for appropriate representation of the data. However, when the feature dimension is larger than the samples size, it brings performance degradation. Hence, we propose a method called Normalization Discriminant Independent Component Analysis (NDICA). The input data will be regularized to obtain the most reliable features from the data and processed using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The proposed method is evaluated on three face databases, Olivetti Research Ltd (ORL), Face Recognition Technology (FERET) and Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC). NDICA showed it effectiveness compared with other unsupervised and supervised techniques.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Face%20recognition" title="Face recognition">Face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=small%20sample%20size" title=" small sample size"> small sample size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=regularization" title=" regularization"> regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=independent%20component%20analysis." title=" independent component analysis."> independent component analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/normalization-discriminant-independent-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1954</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Temporally Coherent 3D Animation Reconstruction from RGB-D Video Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salam%20Khalifa">Salam Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmed"> Naveed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We present a new method to reconstruct a temporally coherent 3D animation from single or multi-view RGB-D video data using unbiased feature point sampling. Given RGB-D video data, in form of a 3D point cloud sequence, our method first extracts feature points using both color and depth information. In the subsequent steps, these feature points are used to match two 3D point clouds in consecutive frames independent of their resolution. Our new motion vectors based dynamic alignement method then fully reconstruct a spatio-temporally coherent 3D animation. We perform extensive quantitative validation using novel error functions to analyze the results. We show that despite the limiting factors of temporal and spatial noise associated to RGB-D data, it is possible to extract temporal coherence to faithfully reconstruct a temporally coherent 3D animation from RGB-D video data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20video" title="3D video">3D video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20animation" title=" 3D animation"> 3D animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RGB-D%20video" title=" RGB-D video"> RGB-D video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temporally%0D%0ACoherent%203D%20Animation." title=" Temporally Coherent 3D Animation."> Temporally Coherent 3D Animation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/temporally-coherent-3d-animation-reconstruction-from-rgb-d-video-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2072</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Parametric Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abir%20Yahya">Abir Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hacen%20Dhahri"> Hacen Dhahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalifa%20Slimi"> Khalifa Slimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present paper deals with a numerical simulation of temperature field inside a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) components. The temperature distribution is investigated using a co-flow planar SOFC comprising the air and fuel channel and two-ceramic electrodes, anode and cathode, separated by a dense ceramic electrolyte. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for the numerical simulation of the physical problem. The effects of inlet temperature, anode thermal conductivity and current density on temperature distribution are discussed. It was found that temperature distribution is very sensitive to the inlet temperature and the current density.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title="Solid oxide fuel cell">Solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20sources" title=" Heat sources"> Heat sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method." title=" Lattice Boltzmann method."> Lattice Boltzmann method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/parametric-analysis-of-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">888</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Alertness States Classification By SOM and LVQ Neural Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ben%20Khalifa">K. Ben Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.H.%20B%C3%A9doui"> M.H. Bédoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Dogui"> M. Dogui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Alexandre"> F. Alexandre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several studies have been carried out, using various techniques, including neural networks, to discriminate vigilance states in humans from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, but we are still far from results satisfactorily useable results. The work presented in this paper aims at improving this status with regards to 2 aspects. Firstly, we introduce an original procedure made of the association of two neural networks, a self organizing map (SOM) and a learning vector quantization (LVQ), that allows to automatically detect artefacted states and to separate the different levels of vigilance which is a major breakthrough in the field of vigilance. Lastly and more importantly, our study has been oriented toward real-worked situation and the resulting model can be easily implemented as a wearable device. It benefits from restricted computational and memory requirements and data access is very limited in time. Furthermore, some ongoing works demonstrate that this work should shortly results in the design and conception of a non invasive electronic wearable device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electroencephalogram%20interpretation" title="Electroencephalogram interpretation">Electroencephalogram interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificialneural%20networks" title=" artificialneural networks"> artificialneural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vigilance%20states" title=" vigilance states"> vigilance states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hardware%20implementation" title=" hardware implementation"> hardware implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/alertness-states-classification-by-som-and-lvq-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Day/Night Detector for Vehicle Tracking in Traffic Monitoring Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Taha">M. Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hala%20H.%20Zayed"> Hala H. Zayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Nazmy"> T. Nazmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Khalifa"> M. Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, traffic monitoring has attracted the attention of computer vision researchers. Many algorithms have been developed to detect and track moving vehicles. In fact, vehicle tracking in daytime and in nighttime cannot be approached with the same techniques, due to the extreme different illumination conditions. Consequently, traffic-monitoring systems are in need of having a component to differentiate between daytime and nighttime scenes. In this paper, a HSV-based day/night detector is proposed for traffic monitoring scenes. The detector employs the hue-histogram and the value-histogram on the top half of the image frame. Experimental results show that the extraction of the brightness features along with the color features within the top region of the image is effective for classifying traffic scenes. In addition, the detector achieves high precision and recall rates along with it is feasible for real time applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Day%2Fnight%20detector" title="Day/night detector">Day/night detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=daytime%2Fnighttime%20classification" title=" daytime/nighttime classification"> daytime/nighttime classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vehicle%20tracking" title=" vehicle tracking"> vehicle tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traffic%20monitoring." title=" traffic monitoring."> traffic monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/daynight-detector-for-vehicle-tracking-in-traffic-monitoring-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> In vitro Biological Activity of Some Synthesized Monoazo Heterocycles Based On Thiophene and Thiazolyl-Thiophene Analogues </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20E.%20Khalifa">M. E. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Gobouri"> A. A. Gobouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Potential synthesis of a series of 3-amino-4-arylazothiophene derivatives from reaction of 2-cyano-2-phenylthiocarbamoyl acetamide and the appropriate α-halogenated reagents, followed by coupling with different aryl diazonium salts (Japp-Klingemann reaction), and another series of 5-arylazo-thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl-thiophene derivatives from base-catalyzed intramolecular condensation of 5-arylazo-2-(<em>N</em>-chloroacetyl)amino-thiazole with selected b-keto compounds (Thorpe-Ziegler reaction) was performed. The biological activity of the two series was studied <em>in vitro</em>. Their versatility for pharmaceutical purposes was reported, where they displayed remarkable activities against selected pathogenic microorganisms; <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (Gram positive bacteria), <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (Gram negative bacteria), and <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Candida albicans</em> (fungi) with various degrees related to their chemical structures.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2-Aminothiazole" title="2-Aminothiazole">2-Aminothiazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=monoazo%20compounds" title=" monoazo compounds"> monoazo compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thiophene" title=" thiophene"> thiophene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pathogenic%20microorganisms." title=" pathogenic microorganisms."> pathogenic microorganisms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/in-vitro-biological-activity-of-some-synthesized-monoazo-heterocycles-based-on-thiophene-and-thiazolyl-thiophene-analogues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Improvement of Synchronous Machine Dynamic Characteristics via Neural Network Based Controllers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Gawish">S. A. Gawish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20A.%20Khalifa"> F. A. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20M.%20Mostafa"> R. M. Mostafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents Simulation and experimental study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of an adaptive artificial neural network stabilizer on enhancing the damping torque of a synchronous generator. For this purpose, a power system comprising a synchronous generator feeding a large power system through a short tie line is considered. The proposed adaptive neuro-control system consists of two multi-layered feed forward neural networks, which work as a plant model identifier and a controller. It generates supplementary control signals to be utilized by conventional controllers. The details of the interfacing circuits, sensors and transducers, which have been designed and built for use in tests, are presented. The synchronous generator is tested to investigate the effect of tuning a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) on its dynamic stability. The obtained simulation and experimental results verify the basic theoretical concepts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20artificial%20neural%20network" title="Adaptive artificial neural network">Adaptive artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20system%0Astabilizer" title=" power system stabilizer"> power system stabilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=synchronous%20generator." title=" synchronous generator."> synchronous generator.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/improvement-of-synchronous-machine-dynamic-characteristics-via-neural-network-based-controllers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> A High Accuracy Measurement Circuit for Soil Moisture Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sheroz%20Khan">Sheroz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20H.%20M.%20Zahirul%20Alam"> A. H. M. Zahirul Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa"> Othman O. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Rafiqul%20Islam"> Mohd Rafiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zuraidah%20Zainudin"> Zuraidah Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muzna%20S.%20Khan"> Muzna S. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Iman%20Muhamad%20Pauzi"> Nurul Iman Muhamad Pauzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of soil for agriculture purposes has remained the main focus of research since the beginning of civilization as humans- food related requirements remained closely linked with the soil. The study of soil has generated an interest among the researchers for very similar other reasons including transmission, reflection and refraction of signals for deploying wireless underground sensor networks or for the monitoring of objects on (or in ) soil in the form of better understanding of soil electromagnetic characteristics properties. The moisture content has been very instrumental in such studies as it decides on the resistance of the soil, and hence the attenuation on signals traveling through soil or the attenuation the signals may suffer upon their impact on soil. This work is related testing and characterizing a measurement circuit meant for the detection of moisture level content in soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analog%E2%80%93digital%20Conversion" title="Analog–digital Conversion">Analog–digital Conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bridge%20Circuits" title=" Bridge Circuits"> Bridge Circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intelligent%20sensors" title=" Intelligent sensors"> Intelligent sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pulse%20Time%20Modulation" title=" Pulse Time Modulation"> Pulse Time Modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Relaxation%20Oscillator" title=" Relaxation Oscillator"> Relaxation Oscillator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/a-high-accuracy-measurement-circuit-for-soil-moisture-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4024</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Rule-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller with Adaptable Reference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sheroz%20Khan">Sheroz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Adam"> I. Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20H.%20M.%20Zahirul%20Alam"> A. H. M. Zahirul Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Rafiqul%20Islam"> Mohd Rafiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa"> Othman O. Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to model and design a simple fuzzy logic controller with Variable Reference. The Variable Reference (VR) is featured as an adaptability element which is obtained from two known variables – desired system-input and actual system-output. A simple fuzzy rule-based technique is simulated to show how the actual system-input is gradually tuned in to a value that closely matches the desired input. The designed controller is implemented and verified on a simple heater which is controlled by PIC Microcontroller harnessed by a code developed in embedded C. The output response of the PIC-controlled heater is analyzed and compared to the performances by conventional fuzzy logic controllers. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that it gives better performance by using less number of rules compared to conventional fuzzy logic controllers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title="Fuzzy logic controller">Fuzzy logic controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Variable%20reference" title=" Variable reference"> Variable reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptability" title=" Adaptability"> Adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rule-based." title=" Rule-based."> Rule-based.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/rule-based-fuzzy-logic-controller-with-adaptable-reference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Prediction of Road Accidents in Qatar by 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abou-Amouna">M. Abou-Amouna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Radwan"> A. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Al-kuwari"> L. Al-kuwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Hammuda"> A. Hammuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Al-Khalifa"> K. Al-Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>There is growing concern over increasing incidences of road accidents and consequent loss of human life in Qatar. In light to the future planned event in Qatar, World Cup 2022; Qatar should put into consideration the future deaths caused by road accidents, and past trends should be considered to give a reasonable picture of what may happen in the future. Qatar roads should be arranged and paved in a way that accommodate high capacity of the population in that time, since then there will be a huge number of visitors from the world. Qatar should also consider the risk issues of road accidents raised in that period, and plan to maintain high level to safety strategies. According to the increase in the number of road accidents in Qatar from 1995 until 2012, an analysis of elements affecting and causing road accidents will be effectively studied. This paper aims to identify and criticize the factors that have high effect on causing road accidents in the state of Qatar, and predict the total number of road accidents in Qatar 2022. Alternative methods are discussed and the most applicable ones according to the previous researches are selected for further studies. The methods that satisfy the existing case in Qatar were the multiple linear regression model (MLR) and artificial neutral network (ANN). Those methods are analyzed and their findings are compared. We conclude that by using MLR the number of accidents in 2022 will become 355,226 accidents, and by using ANN 216,264 accidents. We conclude that MLR gave better results than ANN because the artificial neutral network doesn’t fit data with large range varieties.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Road%20Safety" title="Road Safety">Road Safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prediction" title=" Prediction"> Prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accident" title=" Accident"> Accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Model" title=" Model"> Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qatar." title=" Qatar."> Qatar.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/prediction-of-road-accidents-in-qatar-by-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2631</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Assessing Psycho-Social Stressors for Chronically Infected Hepatitis C Virus Patients in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ammal%20M.%20Metwally"> Ammal M. Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dalia%20M.%20Elmosalami"> Dalia M. Elmosalami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Walaa%20A.%20Fouad"> Walaa A. Fouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abla%20G.%20Khalifa"> Abla G. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lobna%20A.%20El%20Etreby"> Lobna A. El Etreby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20AbdelRahman"> Mohamed AbdelRahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>People with hepatitis C are likely to experience psychological distress related to adjustment issues following diagnosis. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the psycho-social stressors accompanying Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. The study focused on immediate and later on reactions to being diagnosed as infected HCV patients. Effect of HCV on disruption of patients’ relationships in term of family relationship and friendship, employment and financial status was assessed. The magnitude and causes of the social stigma and its relation to awareness about illness, level of education were also assessed. Methods: During this study the subjective experiences of people having HCV was explored through a designed questionnaire targeted 540 cases; 359 males and 181 females from ten out of 21 National Treatment Reference Centers of National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institutes of Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals. The study was conducted along a period of six months from September 2011 to March 2012. Results: The study revealed that the financial problems are the commonest problems faced by 75.5% of the cases. More than 70% of the cases suffered from immediate sadness versus 67.4% suffered from worry. Social stigma was reported by 13 % of HCV +patients, the majority of which were females. Conclusions: Exploring the psychosocial consequences of HCV infection can act as pressing motivators for behavior change needed for limiting HCV endemicity in Egypt.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HCV%20infection" title=" HCV infection"> HCV infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=psychosocial%20adjustment" title=" psychosocial adjustment"> psychosocial adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stigma." title=" stigma."> stigma.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/assessing-psycho-social-stressors-for-chronically-infected-hepatitis-c-virus-patients-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2071</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> SMaTTS: Standard Malay Text to Speech System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Othman%20O.%20Khalifa">Othman O. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zakiah%20Hanim%20Ahmad"> Zakiah Hanim Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teddy%20Surya%20Gunawan"> Teddy Surya Gunawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a rule-based text- to- speech (TTS) Synthesis System for Standard Malay, namely SMaTTS. The proposed system using sinusoidal method and some pre- recorded wave files in generating speech for the system. The use of phone database significantly decreases the amount of computer memory space used, thus making the system very light and embeddable. The overall system was comprised of two phases the Natural Language Processing (NLP) that consisted of the high-level processing of text analysis, phonetic analysis, text normalization and morphophonemic module. The module was designed specially for SM to overcome few problems in defining the rules for SM orthography system before it can be passed to the DSP module. The second phase is the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) which operated on the low-level process of the speech waveform generation. A developed an intelligible and adequately natural sounding formant-based speech synthesis system with a light and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is introduced. A Standard Malay Language (SM) phoneme set and an inclusive set of phone database have been constructed carefully for this phone-based speech synthesizer. By applying the generative phonology, a comprehensive letter-to-sound (LTS) rules and a pronunciation lexicon have been invented for SMaTTS. As for the evaluation tests, a set of Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT) word list was compiled and several experiments have been performed to evaluate the quality of the synthesized speech by analyzing the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) obtained. The overall performance of the system as well as the room for improvements was thoroughly discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Natural%20Language%20Processing" title="Natural Language Processing">Natural Language Processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Text-To-Speech%0A%28TTS%29" title=" Text-To-Speech (TTS)"> Text-To-Speech (TTS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diphone" title=" Diphone"> Diphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=source%20filter" title=" source filter"> source filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low-%2F%20high-%20level%20synthesis." title=" low-/ high- level synthesis."> low-/ high- level synthesis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/smatts-standard-malay-text-to-speech-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1973</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Khilafat from Khilafat-e-Rashida: The Only Form of Governance to Unite Muslim Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zoaib%20Mirza">Zoaib Mirza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Half of the Muslim countries in the world have declared Islam the state religion in their constitutions. Yet, none of these countries have implemented authentic Islamic laws in line with the Quran (Holy Book), practices of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) called the Sunnah, and his four successors known as the Rightly Guided - Khalifa. Since their independence, these countries have adopted different government systems like Democracy, Dictatorship, Republic, Communism, and Monarchy. Instead of benefiting the people, these government systems have put these countries into political, social, and economic crises. These Islamic countries do not have equal representation and membership in worldwide political forums. Western countries lead these forums. Therefore, it is now imperative for the Muslim leaders of all these countries to collaborate, reset, and implement the original Islamic form of government, which led to the prosperity and success of people, including non-Muslims, 1400 years ago. They should unite as one nation under Khalifat, which means establishing the authority of Allah (SWT) and following the divine commandments related to the social, political, and economic systems. As they have declared Islam in their constitution, they should work together to apply the divine framework of the governance revealed by Allah (SWT) and implemented by Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) and his four successors called Khalifas. This paper provides an overview of the downfall and the end of the Khalifat system by 1924, the ways in which the West caused political, social, and economic crises in the Muslim countries, and finally, a summary of the social, political, and economic systems implemented by the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) and his successors, Khalifas, called the Rightly Guided – Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Hazrat Omar (RA), Hazrat Usman (RA), and Hazrat Ali (RA).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalifat" title="Khalifat">Khalifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khilafat-e-Rashida" title=" Khilafat-e-Rashida"> Khilafat-e-Rashida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=The%20Rightly%20Guided" title=" The Rightly Guided"> The Rightly Guided</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=colonization" title=" colonization"> colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neocolonization" title=" neocolonization"> neocolonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=government%20systems." title=" government systems."> government systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/khilafat-from-khilafat-e-rashida-the-only-form-of-governance-to-unite-muslim-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Susceptibility of Spodoptera littoralis, Field Populations in Egypt to Chlorantraniliprole and the Role of Detoxification Enzymes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Khalifa">Mohamed H. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fikry%20I.%20El-Shahawi"> Fikry I. El-Shahawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nabil%20A.%20Mansour"> Nabil A. Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera</em> <em>littoralis</em> (Boisduval) is a major insect pest of vegetables and cotton crops in Egypt, and exhibits different levels of tolerance to certain insecticides. Chlorantraniliprole has been registered recently in Egypt for control this insect. The susceptibilities of three <em>S. littoralis</em> populations collected from El Behaira governorate, north Egypt to chlorantraniliprole were determined by leaf-dipping technique on 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. Obvious variation of toxicity was observed among the laboratory susceptible, and three field populations with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranged between 1.53 µg/ml and 6.22 µg/ml. However, all the three field populations were less susceptible to chlorantraniliprole than a laboratory susceptible population. The most tolerant populations were sampled from El Delengat (ED) Province where <em>S. littoralis</em> had been frequently challenged by insecticides. Certain enzyme activity assays were carried out to be correlated with the mechanism of the observed field population tolerance. All field populations showed significantly enhanced activities of detoxification enzymes compared with the susceptible strain. The regression analysis between chlorantraniliprole toxicities and enzyme activities revealed that the highest correlation is between α-esterase or β-esterase (α-β-EST) activity and collected field strains susceptibility, otherwise this correlation is not significant (P > 0.05). Synergism assays showed the ED and susceptible strains could be synergized by known detoxification inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl-maleate (DEM) at different levels (1.01-8.76-fold and 1.09-2.94 fold, respectively), TPP showed the maximum synergism in both strains. The results show that there is a correlation between the enzyme activity and tolerance, and carboxylic-esterase (Car-EST) is likely the main detoxification mechanism responsible for tolerance of <em>S. littoralis</em> to chlorantraniliprole.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chlorantraniliprole" title="Chlorantraniliprole">Chlorantraniliprole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=detoxification%20enzymes" title=" detoxification enzymes"> detoxification enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spodoptera%20littoralis." title=" Spodoptera littoralis."> Spodoptera littoralis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007254/susceptibility-of-spodoptera-littoralis-field-populations-in-egypt-to-chlorantraniliprole-and-the-role-of-detoxification-enzymes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> 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