A critical test of empirical mass loss formulas applied to individual giants and supergiants

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no"> <base href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/14/aa6633-06/aa6633-06.html" /> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics, A&A, ESO, EDP Sciences" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /> <meta name="description" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics" /> <title>A critical test of empirical mass loss formulas applied to individual giants and supergiants | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article_hljs_github.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_bookmarking.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_purchase.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_solr.css" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/plugins/system/jqueryeasy/jquerynoconflict.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/article.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-S2LKMZBHJL" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/modules/mod_article_bookmarking/assets/js/bookmarking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var ARTICLE_CLICK_VIEW = "Click to view fullscreen"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_HIDE = "Click anywhere to hide the fullscreen overlay"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_MOVIE = "Click to play the movie"; var COM_ARTICLE_DISPLAY_EQUATION_AS = "Display equations as"; var COM_ARTICLE_COPY_IN_CLIPBOARD = "LaTeX copied in clipboard!"; const MATHML_DISPLAY = "disabled"; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() {dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500 }); gtag('config', 'G-S2LKMZBHJL', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'G-T2TE0Y7XE9', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'user_properties', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' }); </script> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="A&A"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="EDP Sciences"> <meta name="citation_author" content="K.-P. Schröder"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Departamento de Astronomía, A. P. 144, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico e-mail: kps@astro.ugto.mx"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany"> <meta name="citation_author" content="M. Cuntz"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics, Science Hall, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA e-mail: cuntz@uta.edu"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg, Albert Überle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"> <meta name="citation_title" content="A critical test of empirical mass loss formulas applied to individual giants and supergiants"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2007/01/22"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2007/04/01"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="465"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="593"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="601"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1051/0004-6361:20066633"> <meta name="citation_bibcode" content="2007A%26A...465..593S"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/14/aa6633-06/aa6633-06.html"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2007/14/aa6633-06.pdf"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0004-6361"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1432-0746"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="methods: statistical"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: general"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: late-type"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: mass-loss"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: winds, outflows"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="To test our new, improved Reimers-type mass-loss relation, given by Schröder & Cuntz in 2005 (ApJ, 630, L73), we take a look at the best studied galactic giants and supergiants – particularly those with spatially resolved circumstellar shells and winds, obtained directly or by means of a companion acting as a probing light source. Together with well-known physical parameters, the selected stars provide the most powerful and critical observational venues for assessing the validity of parameterized mass-loss relations for cool winds not driven by molecules or dust. In this study, star by star, we compare our previously published relation with the original Reimers relation (1975, Mem. Roy. Soc. Liège 6. Ser. 8, 369), the Lamers relation (1981, ApJ, 245, 593), and the two relations by de Jager and his group (1988, A&AS, 72, 259; 1990, A&A, 231, 134). The input data, especially the stellar masses, have been constrained using detailed stellar evolution models. We find that only the relationship by Schröder & Cuntz agrees, within the error bars, with the observed mass-loss rates for all giants and supergiants."> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=V. S. Airapetian;citation_author=L. Ofman;citation_author=R. D. Robinson;citation_author=K. Carpenter;citation_author=J. 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Schröder</span><sup>1</sup><sup>,2</sup> and <span id="aa6633-06-author-2" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066633&n=2" class="author">M. Cuntz</span><sup>3</sup><sup>,4</sup></p></div> <p class="aff"> <sup>1</sup> Departamento de Astronomía, A. P. 144, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico e-mail: kps@astro.ugto.mx <br> <sup>2</sup> Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany <br> <sup>3</sup> Department of Physics, Science Hall, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA e-mail: cuntz@uta.edu <br> <sup>4</sup> Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg, Albert Überle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany <br></p> <p class="history"><span class="bold">Received: </span> 24 October 2006 <br><span class="bold">Accepted: </span> 10 January 2007 </p> <p class="bold"><a name="abs"></a>Abstract</p> <p>To test our new, improved Reimers-type mass-loss relation, given by Schröder & Cuntz in 2005 (ApJ, 630, L73), we take a look at the best studied galactic giants and supergiants – particularly those with spatially resolved circumstellar shells and winds, obtained directly or by means of a companion acting as a probing light source. Together with well-known physical parameters, the selected stars provide the most powerful and critical observational venues for assessing the validity of parameterized mass-loss relations for cool winds not driven by molecules or dust. In this study, star by star, we compare our previously published relation with the original Reimers relation (1975, Mem. Roy. Soc. Liège 6. Ser. 8, 369), the Lamers relation (1981, ApJ, 245, 593), and the two relations by de Jager and his group (1988, A&AS, 72, 259; 1990, A&A, 231, 134). The input data, especially the stellar masses, have been constrained using detailed stellar evolution models. We find that only the relationship by Schröder & Cuntz agrees, within the error bars, with the observed mass-loss rates for all giants and supergiants. </p> <div class="kword"><p><span class="bold">Key words: </span>methods: statistical / stars: general / stars: late-type / stars: mass-loss / stars: winds, outflows</p></div> </div> <p><i>© ESO, 2007</i></p> </div> </div> <div id="metrics-tabs" data-doi="10.1051/0004-6361:20066633" data-edps_ref="aa6633-06"> <nav class="toolbar"> <button class="toolbar-item" id="metrics-siq">Current usage metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="info">About article metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="return">Return to article</button> </nav> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-siq"> </div> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-alm"></div> <div class="panel" data-for="info"> <p>Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.</p> <p>Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. 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A critical test of empirical mass loss formulas applied to individual giants and supergiants | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)