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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin-top: 0.2em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights" title="Category:LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0;"><div style="background:#E6E6FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;margin:0.2em 0;white-space:unset!important;"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status of<br />same-sex unions</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Same-sex marriage in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></div> <p><b>Recognized</b> </p> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-israel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States:<sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions</a> or registered partnerships but not marriage</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">Minimal recognition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>viii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ix<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>x<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li>Netherlands:<sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xiii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_legislation" title="Same-sex union legislation">Same-sex union legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_court_cases" title="Same-sex union court cases">Same-sex union court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_of_same-sex_couples" title="Divorce of same-sex couples">Divorce of same-sex couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage,_unions_and_partnerships_by_country" title="Category:Marriage, unions and partnerships by country">Listings by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Caribbean Netherlands</a>), as well as in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba and Curaçao</a>. May be registered in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in six <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">some tribal nations</a>. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Coman_v._Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Coman v. Romania">Coman v. Romania</a></i> ruling of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizens</a>. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courts have recognised <i><a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">guru–shishya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nata_pratha" title="Nata pratha">nata pratha</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Maitri_karar" title="Maitri karar">maitri karar</a></i>–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some cities and prefectures issue <a href="/wiki/Partnership_oath_in_Japan" title="Partnership oath in Japan">partnership certificates</a>, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not yet in effect.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> has been legally recognized in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> since January 1, 2013. In 2012, the state's <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democratic</a> representatives, led by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a>, began a campaign for its legalization. After much debate, a law permitting same-sex marriage was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">General Assembly</a> (Maryland's <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">legislature</a>, composed of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">House of Delegates</a>) in February 2012 and signed on March 1, 2012. The law took effect on January 1, 2013 after 52.4% of voters approved a <a href="/wiki/2012_Maryland_Question_6" title="2012 Maryland Question 6">statewide referendum</a> held on November 6, 2012. The vote was hailed as a watershed moment by <a href="/wiki/LGBT_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT movements">gay rights activists</a> and marked the first time <a href="/wiki/Rights_and_responsibilities_of_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States">marriage rights in the United States</a> had been extended to same-sex couples by popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maryland was the ninth <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>, excluding <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_California" title="Same-sex marriage in California">California</a> which had constitutionally banned same-sex marriage, but still recognized prior marriages, to legalize same-sex marriage. </p><p>Upon the rise of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="History of same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage movement</a> in the early 1970s, Maryland established the first law in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that expressly defined <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> to be "a union between a man and a woman". Attempts to both ban and legalize same-sex marriage in the 1990s and 2000s failed to gain enough support from central <a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">committees</a> of the General Assembly. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> authorities throughout the state were adamantly opposed to the legalization of same-sex marriage, saying it deeply conflicted with the best interests of society,<sup id="cite_ref-archbishop_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archbishop-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would threaten religious liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debates produced disputes between individuals who had been traditionally aligned on causes and prompted sharp criticism from <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-American</a> religious leaders who said same-sex marriage would "disrupt the fabric of the culture".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before passage of the <i>Civil Marriage Protection Act</i>, the state recognized same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions following the 2010 release of a <a href="/wiki/Legal_opinion" title="Legal opinion">legal opinion</a> from <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Doug_Gansler" title="Doug Gansler">Doug Gansler</a> in his nine-month analysis of <a href="/wiki/Comity" title="Comity">comity</a> laws. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Court of Appeals">Maryland Court of Appeals</a> maintained Gansler's analysis and issued a unanimous decision in <i>Port v. Cowan</i> finding that a same-sex marriage performed out-of-state must be considered equal and valid under state law, despite its earlier decision in <i>Conaway v. Deane</i> in 2007, in which the court upheld the <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> ban on same-sex marriage as constitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-banupheld2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banupheld2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_history">Legal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryland_State_House3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maryland_State_House3.jpg/220px-Maryland_State_House3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maryland_State_House3.jpg/330px-Maryland_State_House3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maryland_State_House3.jpg/440px-Maryland_State_House3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4648" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House</a>, the meeting place of the Maryland General Assembly in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Maryland holds a unique place in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="History of same-sex marriage in the United States">history</a> of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citypaper_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypaper-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, it became the first <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> in the nation to define <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> as "a union between a man and a woman", expressly banning <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a> passed the law a short time after voters in the state ratified Article 46 of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Maryland Declaration of Rights">Maryland Declaration of Rights</a>, commonly referred to as the Equal Rights Amendment, in November 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-2006opinion1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006opinion1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitutional provision prohibited <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">discrimination in equality of rights on the basis of sex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, a <a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">marriage license</a> was issued to two women, Michele Bernadette Bush and Paulette Camille Hill, in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">county clerk</a> had issued the license and Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Burch" title="Francis B. Burch">Francis B. Burch</a> had published an opinion that county officials could not challenge the validity of the marriage, the license was later revoked.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1990s, attempts to both ban and legalize same-sex marriage did not pass through the General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-advocate1997_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advocate1997-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hb609_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hb609-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hb398_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hb398-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a committee in the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> voted in March 2004 to reject a pair of marriage bills that would have submitted a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">constitutional amendment</a> against same-sex marriage to voters and invalidated same-sex marriages performed in another state or foreign country, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) and <a href="/wiki/Equality_Maryland" title="Equality Maryland">Equality Maryland</a> filed a <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a>, <i>Deane & Polyak v. Conaway</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2004Sun_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2004Sun-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to challenge the existing law on behalf of nine same-sex couples and one <a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">bereaved</a> man whose partner had died.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Class_action#Class_representative" title="Class action">lead plaintiffs</a>, from whom the case received its name, were Gita Deane, a learning specialist at <a href="/wiki/Goucher_College" title="Goucher College">Goucher College</a>, and her partner Lisa Polyak, an <a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">environmental engineer</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">U.S. Army Medical Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Plaintiff" title="Plaintiff">plaintiffs</a> had applied for marriage licenses in several different <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Maryland" title="List of counties in Maryland">counties</a> but were denied by county clerks.<sup id="cite_ref-aclucomplaint_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aclucomplaint-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their <a href="/wiki/Complaint" title="Complaint">complaint</a>, the plaintiffs argued that the state's <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> ban on same-sex marriage violated constitutional protections of <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal Protection">equality</a>, and prohibitions against sex discrimination in Articles 24 and 46 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-2004Sun_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2004Sun-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aclucomplaint_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aclucomplaint-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2006, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> <a href="/wiki/Circuit_court" title="Circuit court">Circuit Court</a> Judge M. Brooke Murdock granted <a href="/wiki/Summary_judgment" title="Summary judgment">summary judgment</a> to the plaintiffs,<sup id="cite_ref-JudgeMurdock_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JudgeMurdock-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing that "Family law §2-201 violates Article 46 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights because it discriminates, based on gender against a suspect class, and is not narrowly tailored to serve any compelling governmental interests."<sup id="cite_ref-2006opinion1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006opinion1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She added that "tradition and social values alone cannot support adequately a discriminatory statutory classification",<sup id="cite_ref-2006opinion2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006opinion2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because "when tradition is the guise under which prejudice or animosity hides, it is not a legitimate state interest."<sup id="cite_ref-2006opinion3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006opinion3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judge immediately <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_execution" title="Stay of execution">stayed</a> the decision pending an <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Maryland" title="Attorney General of Maryland">Attorney General of Maryland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JudgeMurdock_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JudgeMurdock-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._Joseph_Curran_Jr." title="J. Joseph Curran Jr.">J. Joseph Curran Jr.</a>, which occurred later that day.<sup id="cite_ref-associatedpress2006_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-associatedpress2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the decision was favored by the plaintiffs, gay rights groups and their supporters, including more than 100 religious leaders and <a href="/wiki/Child_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Child welfare">child welfare</a> advocates across the state who filed <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus briefs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-associatedpress2006_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-associatedpress2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other local religious leaders and <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> ministers were upset by the decision and looked to state legislators to propose a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-christianpost_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christianpost-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such an amendment was favored by Governor <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ehrlich" title="Bob Ehrlich">Bob Ehrlich</a> who said "my politics on this are very clear. We're going to protect marriage. Traditional marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-post2006_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2006, the proposed ban was rejected after opponents successfully amended it to legalize <a href="/wiki/Civil_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil unions">civil unions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-measurerejected_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-measurerejected-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Delegate <a href="/wiki/Donald_H._Dwyer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Donald H. Dwyer, Jr.">Don Dwyer</a> introduced a <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolution</a> to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeach</a> Judge Murdock in 2006, alleging "misbehavior in office, [willful] neglect of duty, and incompetency" for her <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial court</a> decision.<sup id="cite_ref-ImpeachBSun2006_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpeachBSun2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, he introduced a law that would ban discussion of same-sex unions in public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolban_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolban-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashBladeMarriageBan_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashBladeMarriageBan-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One lawmaker said "It is a clear attempt to intimidate judges and to make the judiciary subservient to the legislature.", and Michael Conroy, former president of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Bar_Association" title="Maryland State Bar Association">Maryland State Bar Association</a>, said that "No basis in fact or law exists to support any suggestion to impeach Murdock for her recent decision on same-sex marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-WashBladeImpeachMurdoch_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashBladeImpeachMurdoch-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Rocah, an attorney for the ACLU, called the resolution "a frivolous, dangerous and extremist response from the lunatic fringe."<sup id="cite_ref-ImpeachBSun2006_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpeachBSun2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of the measures failed to pass through committee.<sup id="cite_ref-WashBladeImpeachMurdoch_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashBladeImpeachMurdoch-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conaway_v._Deane_&_Polyak"><span id="Conaway_v._Deane_.26_Polyak"></span><i>Conaway v. Deane & Polyak</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conaway v. Deane & Polyak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a>, Maryland's highest court, agreed to hear the state's appeal in 2006, bypassing the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Court_of_Special_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Court of Special Appeals">intermediate court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pridesource2006_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pridesource2006-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the surprise of spectators, there were almost no questions from the judges during <a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">oral argument</a>, which took place on December 4, 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-pridesource2006_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pridesource2006-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing speculation that the court may have taken the appeal just to reverse the Circuit Court ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-pridesource2006_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pridesource2006-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 18, 2007, the court issued its decision in <i>Conaway v. Deane & Polyak</i>, overturning the trial court ruling for the plaintiffs in a 4–3 decision, and holding that the statutory ban on same-sex marriage did not violate the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Maryland" title="Constitution of Maryland">Maryland Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-banupheld2007_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banupheld2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judge <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Harrell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Harrell, Jr.">Glenn T. Harrell, Jr.</a> wrote that, because the statute equally barred both men and women from marrying partners of the same sex, it was not discriminatory on the basis of sex and thus did not violate the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) as plaintiffs had argued.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conaway2007_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conaway2007-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge Harrell said that the ERA was intended to prohibit sex discrimination against women and did not apply to this case, which he said was a matter of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conaway2007_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conaway2007-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge <a href="/wiki/Lynne_A._Battaglia" title="Lynne A. Battaglia">Lynne A. Battaglia</a> wrote a <a href="/wiki/Dissenting_opinion" title="Dissenting opinion">dissenting opinion</a> stating that the statutes and ordinances in Maryland barring discrimination based on sexual orientation, in addition to the state's lack of prohibiting <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">adoption by same-sex couples</a> and its recognition of same-sex couples as co-parents, support the argument that denying committed same-sex couples the full benefits and privileges of marriage is not related to any rational government interest.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge Battaglia said she would have <a href="/wiki/Remand_(court_procedure)" title="Remand (court procedure)">remanded</a> the case to circuit court for a full trial in order to settle what she deemed a central factual issue: whether the state could demonstrate that it had "broad societal interest" in retaining marriage in the traditional form.<sup id="cite_ref-banupheld2007_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banupheld2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dissenting opinion from Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Bell" title="Robert M. Bell">Robert M. Bell</a> faulted the majority for not recognizing gay people as a <a href="/wiki/Suspect_classification" title="Suspect classification">suspect class</a> in need of protection from <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-banupheld2007_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banupheld2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He dismissed the majority view that gays and lesbians are politically empowered and should not be viewed as constituting such a class.<sup id="cite_ref-banupheld2007_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banupheld2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Evan_Wolfson" title="Evan Wolfson">Evan Wolfson</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_Marry" title="Freedom to Marry">Freedom to Marry</a>, said that the decision was "deeply flawed" because the 4–3 majority did not answer the question of how denying marriage to same-sex couples affected the ability of heterosexual couples to <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">procreate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-windycitytimes_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windycitytimes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Solmonese" title="Joe Solmonese">Joe Solmonese</a>, called the decision a "setback" and Ken Choe, the ACLU attorney who argued on behalf of the plaintiffs, expressed hope that, unlike the majority of the bench, the General Assembly would be able to see "that lesbian and gay couples form committed relationships and loving families just like heterosexual couples".<sup id="cite_ref-windycitytimes_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windycitytimes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"We're hopeful that, unlike the court, the legislature will see that lesbian and gay Marylanders shouldn't be barred from the hundreds of important protections that come with marriage simply because the person whom they love is a person of the same sex."<sup id="cite_ref-kenchoe_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kenchoe-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ken Choe, ACLU attorney</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_of_out-of-state_marriages">Recognition of out-of-state marriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recognition of out-of-state marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>State Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Madaleno" title="Richard Madaleno">Richard Madaleno</a> requested in 2009 that Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Doug_Gansler" title="Doug Gansler">Doug Gansler</a> answer the question of whether same-sex marriages could be recognized by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-BS100224_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS100224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2010, Gansler issued an opinion after a nine-month analysis of state laws,<sup id="cite_ref-washpostgansler_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostgansler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stating that valid same-sex marriages performed in states that permit same-sex marriage could be recognized under Maryland law.<sup id="cite_ref-BS100224_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS100224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gansler stated that the opinion was not binding on the courts, and state agencies could begin immediately to recognize out-of-state same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-BS100224_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS100224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washpostgansler_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostgansler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that he expected the opinion to be quickly challenged in court.<sup id="cite_ref-washpostgansler_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostgansler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opinion garnered negative reactions from some <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Republicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democrats</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-American</a> lawmakers, including delegates <a href="/wiki/Emmett_C._Burns,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett C. Burns, Jr.">Emmett C. Burns, Jr.</a> and Don Dwyer, who spoke out against the opinion and promised to initiate impeachment proceedings against Gansler. "It is not up to the attorney general, and that's the reason I will be bringing charges of impeachment," Dwyer said in a statement where he described the Attorney General as <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurping</a> the law.<sup id="cite_ref-washpostgansler_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostgansler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman Catholic Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Baltimore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Wilmington" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington">Bishop of Wilmington</a> also took "strong exception" to the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-BS100224_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS100224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washpostgansler_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostgansler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port_v._Cowan"><i>Port v. Cowan</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Port v. Cowan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recognition of same-sex marriages from other states became <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a> when the Court of Appeals ruled in a case from <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County</a> in May 2012. The couple, two women who had legally <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_California" title="Same-sex marriage in California">married in California</a>, had been denied a <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> by the circuit court.<sup id="cite_ref-mdcourts1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdcourts1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 18, 2012, the Court of Appeals published a unanimous ruling in <i>Port v. Cowan</i> that validated the marriage of Jessica Port and Virginia Cowan because it said "no viable decision by the Court had deemed a valid foreign marriage to be 'repugnant'" even if the marriage was void or punishable as a crime were it performed in Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-jurist_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jurist-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opinion cited conflicts that arose from decisions in <a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_County,_Maryland" title="St. Mary's County, Maryland">St. Mary's</a> counties where two same-sex couples had their <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petitions</a> for divorce granted, and another case in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> where it was denied.<sup id="cite_ref-mdcourts1_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdcourts1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huffportvcowan_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffportvcowan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision of the court was based on the state's traditional use of the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Comity" title="Comity">comity</a>, which specifies that Maryland "will give effect to laws and judicial decisions of another state or jurisdiction, not as a matter of obligation but out of deference and respect."<sup id="cite_ref-mdcourts1_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdcourts1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_action">Legislative action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislative action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Court of Appeals upheld the statutory ban on same-sex marriage in 2007, State Senator <a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Britt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwendolyn Britt">Gwendolyn Britt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Landover_Hills,_Maryland" title="Landover Hills, Maryland">Landover Hills</a>, along with delegates <a href="/wiki/Victor_R._Ramirez" title="Victor R. Ramirez">Victor R. Ramirez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Barnes_(Maryland_politician)" title="Ben Barnes (Maryland politician)">Ben Barnes</a>, sought to <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(legislative)" title="Sponsor (legislative)">sponsor</a> a marriage bill in the General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazette.Net_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette.Net-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 12, 2008, Britt died of <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britt_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britt-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive director of Equality Maryland, Dan Furmansky, who originally approached Britt to sponsor the legislation, said her death was a "devastating loss, but civil rights struggles are greater than any one person, and as our fight for equality in Maryland continues, her spirit will be with us."<sup id="cite_ref-britt_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britt-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 25, 2008, the <i>Religious Freedom and Civil Marriage Protection Act</i> was introduced to the House of Delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-HB351_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB351-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate version of the bill was introduced by senators Richard Madaleno and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Jamie Raskin</a> the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-SB290_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SB290-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advocates held a <a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">rally</a> in support of the bill on February 11, 2008, but it ultimately failed in committee,<sup id="cite_ref-EM_Rally_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM_Rally-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside a constitutional ban introduced by Don Dwyer.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_partnerships">Domestic partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Domestic partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While early efforts to legalize same-sex marriage failed, the General Assembly approved two laws in 2008 that grant all unmarried couples certain <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">domestic partnership</a> rights, including the ability to make <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">nursing home</a> visits, end-of-life choices and other medical decisions, as well as rights to <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_estate" title="Concurrent estate">joint property</a> ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic partners must be at least 18 years old and be able to provide an <a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a> attesting to their relationship along with two documents, such as joint <a href="/wiki/Transaction_account" title="Transaction account">checking accounts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgages</a> or car leases, coverage on health insurance policies or the designation as a primary <a href="/wiki/Beneficiary" title="Beneficiary">beneficiary</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">will</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laws went into effect on July 1, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Marriage_Protection_Act">Civil Marriage Protection Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civil Marriage Protection Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg/220px-Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg/330px-Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg/440px-Martin_O%27Malley_Marriage_Equality_Press_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2773" /></a><figcaption>Governor <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> with supporters at a Marriage Equality Press Conference in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The General Assembly first considered the <i>Civil Marriage Protection Act</i> in 2011. Governor <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> stated that he would sign the bill, despite urges from Archbishop of Baltimore <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien" title="Edwin Frederick O'Brien">Edwin Frederick O'Brien</a> requesting that he "resist pressure to do so".<sup id="cite_ref-archbishop_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archbishop-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Malley said "I have concluded that discriminating against individuals based on their sexual orientation in the context of civil marital rights is unjust. I have also concluded that treating the children of families headed by same-sex couples with lesser protections under the law than the children of families headed by heterosexual parents, is also unjust."<sup id="cite_ref-archbishop_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archbishop-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 24, 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Senate</a>, which was thought to be the biggest obstacle to passage, approved the bill in a 25–21 vote.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House of Delegates proved to be a challenge, where same-sex marriage advocates struggled to gain support from social conservatives from <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Maryland" title="Southern Maryland">southern Maryland</a> and the Baltimore suburbs, who cited religious concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-times1_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The debate highlighted disagreements between openly gay lawmakers and some black lawmakers on whether same-sex marriage is a matter of <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonexaminer_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonexaminer-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delegate <a href="/wiki/Emmett_C._Burns,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett C. Burns, Jr.">Emmett C. Burns, Jr.</a> said: "If you want to compare same-sex marriage to civil rights as I know it, show me the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> that invaded your home."<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonexaminer_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonexaminer-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delegate <a href="/wiki/Keiffer_J._Mitchell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Keiffer J. Mitchell, Jr.">Keiffer J. Mitchell, Jr.</a>, grandson of <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> chief lobbyist <a href="/wiki/Clarence_M._Mitchell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr.">Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-times1_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> said "It is a civil rights issue when we as a state and a government deny equal protection under the law."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several delegates who originally co-sponsored the bill began to express doubts after being <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbied</a> by church-going constituents, including <a href="/wiki/Sam_Arora" title="Sam Arora">Sam Arora</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Alston" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiffany Alston">Tiffany Alston</a>, who delayed the bill's vote in the House committee by skipping the voting session.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill passed through the committee after its chairman, who rarely votes in committee, voted in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">majority whip</a> opposed the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite pleas from gay lawmakers, the House of Delegates voted to send the bill back to committee on March 11, 2011 and would not reconsider it before January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost_69-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Passage_and_referendum">Passage and referendum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Passage and referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2012_Maryland_Question_6" title="2012 Maryland Question 6">2012 Maryland Question 6</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg/300px-2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg/450px-2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg/600px-2012_Maryland_Question_6_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Results of Question 6 (2012) by county <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Yes</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#7D9CBB; color:black;"> </span> 60–70% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#B6C8D9; color:black;"> </span> 50–60% </div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>No</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#8B8B54; color:black;"> </span> 70–80% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#BCBC83; color:black;"> </span> 60–70% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#DEDEBD; color:black;"> </span> 50–60% </div>   </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Civil Marriage Protection Act</i> was reintroduced to the General Assembly on January 23, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new version of the bill contained provisions that more explicitly protects religious leaders, institutions, and their programs from legal action if they refuse to officiate or provide facilities for a same-sex marriage or couple as a matter of their <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-religious_protection_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religious_protection-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the legislative process, several high-profile political figures attempted to persuade legislators to vote in favor of the bill, including former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">Terry McAuliffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Mehlman" title="Ken Mehlman">Ken Mehlman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheney-Clinton_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheney-Clinton-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">House of Delegates</a> passed the bill with a 72–67 vote on February 17, 2012 and the Senate passed with a 25–22 vote on February 23, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-senate_passes_2012_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate_passes_2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To secure support from some lawmakers who desired to submit the law to a public <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, the bill was amended to take effect on January 1, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_eff._date_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill_eff._date-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Governor O'Malley signed the bill on March 1, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BmoreSunMD_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BmoreSunMD-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2012, referendum supporters submitted 109,313 valid signatures to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Maryland" title="Secretary of State of Maryland">State Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_P._McDonough_(politician)" title="John P. McDonough (politician)">John P. McDonough</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-referendum_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-referendum-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than the 55,736 required for a <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballot</a> in Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-petition_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petition-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language of Question 6 informed voters that the <i>Civil Marriage Protection Act</i> would allow same-sex couples to obtain a civil marriage license, protect <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> from having to perform any particular marriage ceremony in violation of their religious beliefs, and affirm that each religious faith has <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">exclusive control</a> over its own theological doctrine regarding who may marry within that faith.<sup id="cite_ref-ballotquestion_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ballotquestion-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 6, 2012, the measure passed with 52.4% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 29, 2012, Attorney General Gansler issued a legal opinion stating that court clerks could accept applications for marriage licenses immediately and issue them on December 6, 2012, as long as the effective date on the licenses specified January 1, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20 out of the 23 <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Maryland" title="List of counties in Maryland">counties in Maryland</a> and the city of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> chose to issue the licenses ahead of schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-equal_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-equal-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the first couples to be issued a license were Jessie Weber and Nancy Eddy, who received a marriage license at the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Circuit_Courthouses#Clarence_M._Mitchell_Jr._Courthouse" title="Baltimore City Circuit Courthouses">Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse</a> in Baltimore. "It's important from a legal standpoint, to have the protections of marriage. But even more than that, it's affirming to be recognized by the state. Our ceremony was with our community, our family, our friends, but this feels like being with the entire state. So this is really special.", Weber said.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first marriages were solemnized on Tuesday, January 1, 2013. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Baltimore" title="List of mayors of Baltimore">Mayor of Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Rawlings-Blake" title="Stephanie Rawlings-Blake">Stephanie Rawlings-Blake</a>, married six couples at <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Hall" title="Baltimore City Hall">Baltimore City Hall</a> that day.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maryland statutes now state the following:<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Only a marriage between two individuals who are not otherwise prohibited from marrying is valid in this State. [MD Fam L Code § 2-201 (2013)]</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> estimated in 2007 that extending <a href="/wiki/Rights_and_responsibilities_of_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States">marriage rights</a> to same-sex couples would result in a <a href="/wiki/Net_(economics)" title="Net (economics)">net gain</a> of approximately <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>3.2 million each year to the <a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">state budget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-econimpact_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econimpact-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study drew on data from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and Maryland statistical reports. The gain is attributable to savings in expenditures on <a href="/wiki/Means_test" title="Means test">means-tested</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">public benefit</a> programs and an increase in <a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">sales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lodging" title="Lodging">lodging</a> <a href="/wiki/Tax_revenue" title="Tax revenue">tax revenue</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a> and wedding-related <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-econimpact_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econimpact-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another <a href="/wiki/Williams_Institute" title="Williams Institute">Williams Institute</a> study conducted in February 2012 estimated that in the first three years of legalization, Maryland same-sex couples would generate between $40 and $64 million for the state <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>, in addition to whatever <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> out-of-state couples bring.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several dozen small employers in the state have also said that same-sex marriage would be good for their businesses, helping to attract and retain talent.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_and_marriage_statistics">Demographics and marriage statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics and marriage statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data from the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 U.S. census</a> showed that 11,243 same-sex couples were living in Maryland. By 2005, this had increased to more than 15,600 couples, likely attributed to same-sex couples' growing willingness to disclose their partnerships on government surveys. Same-sex couples lived in all counties of the state and constituted 1.0% of coupled households and 0.6% of all households in the state. Most couples lived in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County</a>. Same-sex partners in Maryland were on average younger than opposite-sex partners, and more likely to be employed. However, the average household income of same-sex couples was lower than different-sex couples, and same-sex couples were also far less likely to own a home than opposite-sex partners. 21% of same-sex couples in Maryland were raising children under the age of 18, with an estimated 5,900 children living in households headed by same-sex couples in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>40,456 marriages were performed in Maryland in 2013, an increase of 23% from the year prior thought to be largely attributed to the legalization of same-sex marriage on January 1.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state had not recorded such a significant increase in the number of marriages since 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a> showed that there were 12,969 married same-sex couple households (5,427 male couples and 7,542 female couples) and 8,488 unmarried same-sex couple households in Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption style="font-size:100%">Public opinion for same-sex marriage in Maryland </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Poll source </th> <th>Dates administered </th> <th>Sample size </th> <th>Margin of error </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Opposition </th> <th>Do not know / refused </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2023/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prri.org/research/views-on-lgbtq-rights-in-all-50-states/">March 9 – December 7, 2023</a> </td> <td>375 adults </td> <td>± 0.82%<sup><small>1</small></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>71%</b> </td> <td>27% </td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2022/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2022">March 11 – December 14, 2022</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>71%</b> </td> <td>26% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2021/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2021">March 8 – November 9, 2021</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>75%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td>>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2020/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2020">January 7 – December 20, 2020</a> </td> <td>1,037 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>68%</b> </td> <td>29% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2017/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2017">April 5 – December 23, 2017</a> </td> <td>1,220 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>66%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2016/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2016">May 18, 2016 – January 10, 2017</a> </td> <td>1,727 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>59%</b> </td> <td>32% </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2015/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2015">April 29, 2015 – January 7, 2016</a> </td> <td>1,349 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>54%</b> </td> <td>36% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2014/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MD">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2014">April 2, 2014 – January 4, 2015</a> </td> <td>975 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>56%</b> </td> <td>37% </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018180833/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/polling/samesex-marriage-favored-maryland-likely-voters/2012/10/18/913e11fa-1918-11e2-ad4a-e5a958b60a1e_page.html">The Washington Post</a> </td> <td>October 11–15, 2012 </td> <td>1,106 likely voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>52%</b> </td> <td>43% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_ME_92012.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>May 14–21, 2012 </td> <td>852 likely voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>52%</b> </td> <td>39% </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129050510/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-poll-shows-slim-support-for-gay-marriage-20120308-story.html">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>March 5–7, 2012 </td> <td>600 adults </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>52%</b> </td> <td>44% </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/half-of-maryland-residents-back-legalizing-same-sex-marriage/2012/01/30/gIQAGeJ6cQ_story.html">The Washington Post</a> </td> <td>January 23–26, 2012 </td> <td>1,064 adults </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>50%</i> </td> <td>44% </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-statewide-poll-20120117-story.html">Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies</a> </td> <td>January 9–15, 2012 </td> <td>808 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>47% </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427033426/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/annapolis/2011/01/omalley_numbers_up_in_new_poll.html">Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies</a> </td> <td>January 13–19, 2011 </td> <td>802 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>51%</b> </td> <td>44% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110301021629/http://www.equalitymaryland.org/2011/2/21/momentum-for-civil-marriage-equality-in-maryland-continues-to-rise">Grove Insight</a> </td> <td>January 12–16, 2011 </td> <td>700 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.7% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>41% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Notes:</b> </p> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> The margin of error for the national survey was ± 0.82 percentage points at the 95% level of confidence, including the <a href="/wiki/Design_effect" title="Design effect">design effect</a> for the survey of 1.56.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Interview_with_gay_marriage_movement_founder_Evan_Wolfson" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Interview with gay marriage movement founder Evan Wolfson"> Interview with gay marriage movement founder Evan Wolfson</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Maryland" title="Equality Maryland">Equality Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Rights_Maryland" title="Gender Rights Maryland">Gender Rights Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Question_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Question 6">Maryland Question 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Maryland">LGBT rights in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">Same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States">Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_and_responsibilities_of_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States">Rights and benefits of marriages in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States">Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/19px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/29px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/38px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maryland+same-sex+marriage+law+good+for+business%2C+employers+say&rft.date=2012-11-10&rft.aulast=Mirabella&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.baltimoresun.com%2F2012-11-10%2Fbusiness%2Fbs-bz-same-sex-marriage-business-20121110_1_marriage-law-marriage-equality-top-employer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt9st8g8ds/qt9st8g8ds_noSplash_1b2426cf30cf6720788917fc9d022ce3.pdf?t=lnq3ul">"Census Snapshot"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Williams Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Williams+Institute&rft.atitle=Census+Snapshot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt9st8g8ds%2Fqt9st8g8ds_noSplash_1b2426cf30cf6720788917fc9d022ce3.pdf%3Ft%3Dlnq3ul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharfstein2015" class="citation news cs1">Sharfstein, Joshua M. (January 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhmh.maryland.gov/vsa/Documents/13annual.pdf">"Maryland Vital Statistics Annual Report 2013, p.5"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Vital Statistics Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Health+and+Mental+Hygiene+Vital+Statistics+Administration&rft.atitle=Maryland+Vital+Statistics+Annual+Report+2013%2C+p.5&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.aulast=Sharfstein&rft.aufirst=Joshua+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdhmh.maryland.gov%2Fvsa%2FDocuments%2F13annual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharfstein2015" class="citation news cs1">Sharfstein, Joshua M. (January 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhmh.maryland.gov/vsa/Documents/13annual.pdf">"Maryland Vital Statistics Annual Report 2013, p.193"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Vital Statistics Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Health+and+Mental+Hygiene+Vital+Statistics+Administration&rft.atitle=Maryland+Vital+Statistics+Annual+Report+2013%2C+p.193&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.aulast=Sharfstein&rft.aufirst=Joshua+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdhmh.maryland.gov%2Fvsa%2FDocuments%2F13annual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.PCT15?t=Families%20and%20Living%20Arrangements&d=DEC%20Demographic%20and%20Housing%20Characteristics">"PCT1405 Couple Households, By Type"</a>. <i>United States Census Bureau</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=PCT1405+Couple+Households%2C+By+Type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDHC2020.PCT15%3Ft%3DFamilies%2520and%2520Living%2520Arrangements%26d%3DDEC%2520Demographic%2520and%2520Housing%2520Characteristics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112185729/http://www.baltimore.org/lgbt-weddings/">"Visit Baltimore - LGBT Wedding Guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltimore.org/lgbt-weddings/">the original</a> on November 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+Baltimore+-+LGBT+Wedding+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaltimore.org%2Flgbt-weddings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130321164430/https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2012rs/bills/hb/hb0438t.pdf">"Civil Marriage Protection Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Maryland General Assembly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2012rs/bills/hb/hb0438t.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+General+Assembly&rft.atitle=Civil+Marriage+Protection+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgaleg.maryland.gov%2F2012rs%2Fbills%2Fhb%2Fhb0438t.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515145729/https://cases.justia.com/maryland/court-of-appeals/69-11.pdf?ts=1462361817">"<i>Port v. Cowan</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Maryland Court of Appeals</i>. May 18, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cases.justia.com/maryland/court-of-appeals/69-11.pdf?ts=1462361817">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Court+of+Appeals&rft.atitle=Port+v.+Cowan&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcases.justia.com%2Fmaryland%2Fcourt-of-appeals%2F69-11.pdf%3Fts%3D1462361817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+Maryland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Same-sex_unions_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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unions</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_state" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Colorado" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado">Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Texas">Recognition of same-sex unions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida">Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">Marriage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="History of same-sex marriage in the United States">History of same-sex marriage in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States">Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States">Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_territory(laws)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By territory<br />(<a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_law_in_the_United_States_by_territory" title="Same-sex marriage law in the United States by territory">laws</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_status_in_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage status in the United States by state">State</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state">laws</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Alabama" title="Same-sex marriage in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Alaska" title="Same-sex marriage in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Arizona" title="Same-sex marriage in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Arkansas" title="Same-sex marriage in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_California" title="Same-sex marriage in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colorado" title="Same-sex marriage in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Connecticut" title="Same-sex marriage in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Delaware" title="Same-sex marriage in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Florida" title="Same-sex marriage in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Same-sex marriage in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Hawaii" title="Same-sex marriage in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Idaho" title="Same-sex marriage in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Illinois" title="Same-sex marriage in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Indiana" title="Same-sex marriage in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iowa" title="Same-sex marriage in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Kansas" title="Same-sex marriage in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Kentucky" title="Same-sex marriage in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Louisiana" title="Same-sex marriage in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Maine" title="Same-sex marriage in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Michigan" title="Same-sex marriage in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Minnesota" title="Same-sex marriage in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mississippi" title="Same-sex marriage in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Missouri" title="Same-sex marriage in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Montana" title="Same-sex marriage in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nebraska" title="Same-sex marriage in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nevada" title="Same-sex marriage in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Hampshire" title="Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina" title="Same-sex marriage in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Dakota" title="Same-sex marriage in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ohio" title="Same-sex marriage in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Oklahoma" title="Same-sex marriage in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Oregon" title="Same-sex marriage in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Pennsylvania" title="Same-sex marriage in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Rhode_Island" title="Same-sex marriage in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Carolina" title="Same-sex marriage in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Dakota" title="Same-sex marriage in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Tennessee" title="Same-sex marriage in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Texas" title="Same-sex marriage in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah" title="Same-sex marriage in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Vermont" title="Same-sex marriage in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Virginia" title="Same-sex marriage in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Washington_(state)" title="Same-sex marriage in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_West_Virginia" title="Same-sex marriage in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Wisconsin" title="Same-sex marriage in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Wyoming" title="Same-sex marriage in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage under United States tribal jurisdictions">Tribal nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Navajo_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_by_Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage by Circuit Court">Circuit Courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Sixth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Sixth Circuit">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Seventh_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Seventh Circuit">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Ninth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Ninth Circuit">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Tenth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Tenth Circuit">Tenth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Same-sex marriage in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guam" title="Same-sex marriage in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Same-sex marriage in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_unions_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil unions in the United States">Civil unions</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_the_United_States" title="Domestic partnership in the United States">domestic partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_counties_in_the_United_States_offering_a_domestic_partnership_registry" title="Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry">Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_state" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_California" title="Domestic partnership in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_beneficiary_relationships_in_Hawaii" title="Reciprocal beneficiary relationships in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_Maine" title="Domestic partnership in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_Ohio" title="Domestic partnership in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_Oregon" title="Domestic partnership in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_Washington_(state)" title="Domestic partnership in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_Wisconsin" title="Domestic partnership in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Recognition_of_same-sex_relationships_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Recognition of same-sex relationships in the United States">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_in_Maryland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_in_Maryland" title="Template:LGBT in Maryland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_in_Maryland" title="Template talk:LGBT in Maryland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_in_Maryland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT in Maryland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_in_Maryland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_in_Maryland" title="Category:LGBTQ in Maryland">LGBTQ in Maryland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Center_of_Maryland" title="Pride Center of Maryland">Pride Center of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Portal_(community_center)" title="The Portal (community center)">The Portal (community center)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Maryland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beating_of_Chrissy_Lee_Polis" title="Beating of Chrissy Lee Polis">Beating of Chrissy Lee Polis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Maryland">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Question_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Question 6">Maryland Question 6</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Same-sex marriage in Maryland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Maryland" title="Equality Maryland">Equality Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Rights_Maryland" title="Gender Rights Maryland">Gender Rights Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Coalition_for_Trans_Equality" title="Maryland Coalition for Trans Equality">Maryland Coalition for Trans Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNA_Out" title="USNA Out">USNA Out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Disappear_Fear" title="Disappear Fear">Disappear Fear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Trash" title="Divine Trash">Divine Trash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Life" title="Gay Life">Gay Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grace_After_Midnight" title="Grace After Midnight">Grace After Midnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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