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id="toc-The_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resistance_and_repression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance_and_repression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Resistance and repression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistance_and_repression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button 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<i>Volksdeutsche</i> and Yugoslav military control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_of_the_Volksdeutsche_and_Yugoslav_military_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Yugoslav_civilian_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Yugoslav_civilian_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Return to Yugoslav civilian control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Yugoslav_civilian_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Legal proceedings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographic_and_political_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_and_political_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Demographic and political changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_and_political_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal_apologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_apologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Formal apologies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_apologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Yugoslav territories</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الاحتلال الهنغاري لمقاطعات يوغوسلافية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاحتلال الهنغاري لمقاطعات يوغوسلافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_wilayah_Yugoslavia_oleh_Hungaria" title="Pendudukan wilayah Yugoslavia oleh Hungaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendudukan wilayah Yugoslavia oleh Hungaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupazione_ungherese_dei_territori_jugoslavi" title="Occupazione ungherese dei territori jugoslavi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occupazione ungherese dei territori jugoslavi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupa_magiar_de_teritorios_iugoslavian" title="Ocupa magiar de teritorios iugoslavian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ocupa magiar de teritorios iugoslavian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9lvid%C3%A9k_magyar_uralom_alatt_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Délvidék magyar uralom alatt 1941–1944 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Délvidék magyar uralom alatt 1941–1944" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Оккупация территории Югославии Венгрией – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оккупация территории Югославии Венгрией" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Мађарска окупација Југославије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мађарска окупација Југославије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska_okupacija_Ba%C4%8Dke,_Baranje,_Prekomurja_i_Me%C4%91imurja" title="Mađarska okupacija Bačke, Baranje, Prekomurja i Međimurja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mađarska okupacija Bačke, Baranje, Prekomurja i Međimurja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Угорська окупація югославських земель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Угорська окупація югославських земель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="匈牙利占领下的南斯拉夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="匈牙利占领下的南斯拉夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q986843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of Yugoslavia occupied then annexed by Hungary</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Hungarian occupation of<br />Yugoslav territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Part of Yugoslavia <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> then <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Occupation and partition of Yugoslavia in 1941. The Hungarian-occupied then annexed areas of Yugoslavia are in the north (Bačka and Baranja) and northwest (Međimurje and Prekmurje)."><img alt="Map showing the occupation and partition of Yugoslavia in 1941" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg/250px-1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg/375px-1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg/500px-1941-1943_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia_map_-_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1471" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Occupation and partition of Yugoslavia in 1941. The Hungarian-occupied then annexed areas of Yugoslavia are in the north (<a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a>) and northwest (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_(region)" title="Međimurje (region)">Međimurje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a>).</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Occupied by Hungary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1941</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annexed by Hungary</th><td class="infobox-data">14 December 1941</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Margarethe">Occupied by Germany</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1944</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territories</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Region</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_(region)" title="Međimurje (region)">Međimurje</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a><br />(Hungary used the term "Recovered Southern Territories" to refer to these areas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">incorporated into existing Hungarian counties</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1cs-Bodrog_County" title="Bács-Bodrog County">Bács-Bodrog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County_(former)" title="Baranya County (former)">Baranya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zala_County_(former)" title="Zala County (former)">Zala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vas_County_(former)" title="Vas County (former)">Vas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,475 km<sup>2</sup> (4,431 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1941)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1,145,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics section</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje" class="mw-redirect" title="Međimurje">Međimurje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a> regions of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>. These territories had all been under <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen">Hungarian rule</a> prior to 1920, and had been transferred to Yugoslavia as part of the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a>. They now form part of several states: Yugoslav Bačka is now part of <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>, an autonomous province of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, Yugoslav Baranja and Međimurje are part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, and Yugoslav Prekmurje is part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. The occupation began on 11 April 1941 when 80,000 Hungarian troops crossed the Yugoslav border in support of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invasion of Yugoslavia</a> that had commenced five days earlier. There was some resistance to the Hungarian forces from <a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Vojvodina" title="Serbs in Vojvodina">Serb</a> <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> irregulars, but the defences of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> had collapsed by this time. The Hungarian forces were indirectly aided by the local <i><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Yugoslavia" title="Germans of Yugoslavia">German minority</a>, which had formed a militia and disarmed around 90,000 Yugoslav troops. Despite only sporadic resistance, Hungarian troops killed many civilians during these initial operations, including some <i>Volksdeutsche</i>. The government of the newly formed Axis <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>, subsequently consented to the Hungarian annexation of the Međimurje area, which dismayed the Croat population of the region. </p><p>The occupation authorities immediately classified the population of Bačka and Baranja into those that had lived in those regions when they had last been under Hungarian rule in 1920 and the mostly Serb settlers who had arrived since the areas had been part of Yugoslavia. They then began herding thousands of local Serbs into <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> and expelled them to the Independent State of Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian-occupied Montenegro</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German-occupied territory of Serbia</a>. Ultimately, tens of thousands of Serbs were deported from the occupied territories. This was followed by the implementation of a policy of "<a href="/wiki/Magyarisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyarisation">magyarisation</a>" of the political, social and economic life of the occupied territories, which included the re-settlement of Hungarians and <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Székelys</a> from other parts of Hungary. "Magyarisation" did not impact the <i>Volksdeutsche</i>, who received special status under Hungarian rule, and in Prekmurje the Hungarian authorities were more permissive towards ethnic Slovenes. </p><p>Small-scale armed resistance to the Hungarian occupation commenced in the latter half of 1941 and was answered with harsh measures, including <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a>, expulsions and internment. The insurgency was mainly concentrated in the ethnic-Serb area of southern Bačka in the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C5%A1ka" title="Šajkaška">Šajkaška</a> region, where Hungarian forces avenged their losses. In August 1941 a civilian administration took over the government of the "Recovered Southern Territories" (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Délvidék</i>), and they were formally annexed to Hungary in December. In January 1942 the Hungarian military conducted raids during which they killed over 3,300 people, mostly Serbs and Jews. </p><p>In March 1944, when Hungary realised that it was on the losing side in the war and began to negotiate with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, Germany took control of the country, including the annexed territories, during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Margarethe">Operation Margarethe I</a>. This was followed by the collection and transport of the remaining Jews in the occupied territories to <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>, resulting in the deaths of 85 per cent of the Jews in the occupied territories. Prior to their withdrawal from the Balkans in the face of the advance of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, the Germans evacuated 60,000–70,000 <i>Volksdeutsche</i> from Bačka and Baranja to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. Bačka and Baranja were restored to Yugoslav control when the Germans were pushed out of the region by the Red Army in late 1944. Međimurje and Prekmurje remained occupied until the last weeks of the war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magyarorszag_1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/350px-Magyarorszag_1920.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/525px-Magyarorszag_1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/700px-Magyarorszag_1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the difference between the borders of Hungary before and after the Treaty of Trianon. The old Kingdom of Hungary is in green, autonomous <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Croatia-Slavonia</a> in grey. The population charts are based on the 1910 Hungarian census.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> following the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Entente_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Entente Powers">Entente Powers</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> with Hungary after the breakup of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. Among other things, the treaty defined the border between Hungary and the newly created <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> (KSCS, renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). It divided the previously Hungarian-ruled regions of Banat, Bačka and Baranja between Hungary, the KSCS, and Romania, and transferred the Međimurje region and about two thirds of the Prekmurje region from Hungary to the KSCS. Sizable numbers of Hungarians and <i>Volksdeutsche</i> remained in the areas incorporated into the KSCS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson199695_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson199695-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1918 and 1924, 44,903 Hungarians (including 8,511 government employees) were deported to Hungary from the territories transferred to Yugoslavia, and approximately 10,000 Yugoslav military settlers (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Solunski dobrovoljci</i>, lit. <a href="/wiki/Salonika_front" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika front">Salonika</a> volunteers), mainly <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>, were settled in Bačka and Baranja by the Yugoslav government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_and_71_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_and_71-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> Hungary agitated for a revision of the borders agreed in the Treaty of Trianon, and relations between the two countries were difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson199695_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson199695-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 August 1938, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> and Yugoslavia agreed to a <a href="/wiki/Bled_agreement_(1938)" title="Bled agreement (1938)">revision of Trianon</a> that allowed Hungary to re-arm itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBán200437–38_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBán200437–38-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the occupation, the most recent Yugoslav census had been taken in 1931. This census used language as the primary criterion, and counted all speakers of <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> as one group, rather than recognising distinct Serb, <a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosniak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosniak">Bosnian Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrin</a> nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiondich200849_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiondich200849-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aligning data on religious affiliation with the linguistic data has been used by scholars to determine approximate numbers of Serbs and Croats in the 1931 census, by counting those of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> denomination as Croats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003359_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003359-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 1931 census, the territories of Bačka and Baranja had a combined population of 837,742. This included between 275,014 and 283,114 Hungarians, and between 185,458 and 194,908 <i>Volksdeutsche</i>. Hungarians therefore made up around one-third of the population of these territories, with the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> comprising slightly less than one-quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–172_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historian Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kriszti%C3%A1n_Ungv%C3%A1ry" title="Krisztián Ungváry">Krisztián Ungváry</a>, the 1931 census showed that the population of Bačka and Baranja included 150,301 Serbs and 3,099 Croats. This corresponds to a Serb population of about 18 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures vary considerably from the combined Serb and Croat population of 305,917 provided by Professor <a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Jozo Tomasevich</a>, corresponding to 36.5 per cent of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1931 census figures for Međimurje and Prekmurje show a total population of 193,640, of which 101,467 (52.2 per cent) were Croats, 75,064 (38.7 per cent) were <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a>, and 15,308 (8 per cent) were Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map showing the Yugoslav and other territories gained by Hungary between 1938 and 1941" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg/350px-TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg/525px-TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg/700px-TerritorialGainsHungary1920-41.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The territorial gains of Hungary in 1938–41. The occupied then annexed areas of Yugoslavia are shown in tan in the south (<a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a>) and west (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje" class="mw-redirect" title="Međimurje">Međimurje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments_1938–1941"><span id="Developments_1938.E2.80.931941"></span>Developments 1938–1941</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Developments 1938–1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1938 and 1940, following <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italian</a> mediation in the <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">Second Vienna Awards</a>, and the Hungarian invasion of <a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a>, Hungary enlarged its territory. It absorbed parts of southern Czechoslovakia, <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">northern part of Transylvania</a>, which the Kingdom of Romania ceded. One of the ethno-cultural areas that changed hands between Romania and Hungary at this time was the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a>. The support that Hungary received from Germany for these border revisions meant that the relationship between the two countries became even closer. On 20 November 1940, Hungary formally joined the Axis <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPogany199727_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPogany199727-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 December 1940, at the initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister</a>, Count <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Teleki" title="Pál Teleki">Pál Teleki</a>, Hungary concluded a friendship and non-aggression treaty with Yugoslavia. Although the concept had received support from both Germany and Italy, the actual signing of the treaty did not, as Germany's planned invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> would be simplified if Yugoslavia could be neutralised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslav military coup of 27 March 1941</a>, when the Germans asked the <a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Hungary" title="Regent of Hungary">Hungarian Regent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a>, for clearance to launch one of their armoured thrusts using Hungarian territory, Teleki was unable to dissuade the Regent. Concluding that Hungary had disgraced itself irrevocably by siding with the Germans against the Yugoslavs, Teleki shot and killed himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoppa2006115_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoppa2006115-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEby200715_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEby200715-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horthy informed Hitler that evening that Hungary would abide by the friendship treaty with Yugoslavia, though it would likely cease to apply should Croatia secede and Yugoslavia cease to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion">Invasion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axis_order_of_battle_for_the_invasion_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis order of battle for the invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis order of battle for the invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>On 10 April 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</i>, NDH) was established in Zagreb by the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>. That day Horthy and the new Prime Minister of Hungary <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_B%C3%A1rdossy" title="László Bárdossy">László Bárdossy</a> issued a joint declaration that Yugoslavia had ceased to exist, releasing Hungary from its obligations under the non-aggression pact and the Treaty of Trianon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the declaration Hungarian troops would act to "protect the Hungarians who live in the south parts from the anarchy" of the <a href="/wiki/April_War" class="mw-redirect" title="April War">April War</a> which had begun there several days earlier when Italian and German troops invaded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGranville2004101–102_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGranville2004101–102-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006137-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007112_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007112-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(Hungary)" title="Third Army (Hungary)">Hungarian 3rd Army</a> began occupying those regions of Yugoslavia using the Mobile, IV and V Corps, with I and VII Corps in reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWehler198050_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWehler198050-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbottThomasChappell198212_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbottThomasChappell198212-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007a76_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007a76-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That day (11 April), the headquarters of the 3rd Army informed that of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Army (Wehrmacht)">German 2nd Army</a> that Hungarian forces had crossed the frontier north of <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a> and near <a href="/wiki/Subotica" title="Subotica">Subotica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198660–61_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198660–61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German army's rapid manoeuvres during the invasion had forced the tactical withdrawal of Yugoslav forces facing <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Hungarian army</a> units and there was no significant fighting between the two armies. The Hungarian forces advanced south to the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> between <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a> and the confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> without any real military resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Vojvodina" title="Serbs in Vojvodina">Serb</a> <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> irregulars fought isolated engagements,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Hungarian General Staff considered irregular resistance forces to be their only significant opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECseres199161–65_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECseres199161–65-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomjáthy1993134_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomjáthy1993134-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 April, the Hungarian 1st Parachute Battalion captured canal bridges at <a href="/wiki/Vrbas_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrbas (town)">Vrbas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Srbobran" title="Srbobran">Srbobran</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Sombor" title="Sombor">Sombor</a> was captured against determined Chetnik resistance, and Subotica was also captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, the first airborne operation in Hungarian history, was not without incident. The battalion's aircraft consisted of five Italian-made <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.75" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.75">Savoia-Marchetti SM.75</a> transport aircraft formerly with the civilian airline <a href="/wiki/MALERT" class="mw-redirect" title="MALERT">MALERT</a>, but pressed into service with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hungarian Air Force">Royal Hungarian Air Force</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő</i>, MKHL) at the start of the European war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after takeoff from the airport at <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém-Jutas</a> on the afternoon of 12 April, the command plane, code E-101, crashed with the loss of 20<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzabó2005196_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzabó2005196-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 23 lives, including 19 paratroopers. This was the heaviest single loss suffered by the Hungarians during the Yugoslav campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 April, the 1st and 2nd Motorised Brigades occupied <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, then pushed south across the Danube into the northern part of Croatian <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> capturing <a href="/wiki/Vinkovci" title="Vinkovci">Vinkovci</a> and Vukovar on 18 April. These brigades then drove southeast to capture the western Serbian town of <a href="/wiki/Valjevo" title="Valjevo">Valjevo</a> a day later. Other Hungarian forces occupied the Yugoslavian regions of <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_County" title="Međimurje County">Međimurje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later American assessment concluded that German forces had to take the brunt of the fighting, observing that Hungarian forces had "displayed great reluctance to attack until the enemy had been soundly beaten and thoroughly disorganized by the Germans."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198665_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198665-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a Yugoslav delegation signed an armistice with German and Italian representatives at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> on 17 April, the Hungarians were represented by a liaison officer, but he did not sign the document because Hungary was "not at war with Yugoslavia."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198664_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198664-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The armistice came into effect at noon the next day. News of the success of the Hungarian armed forces in Yugoslavia was welcomed in the Hungarian Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPogany199727_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPogany199727-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German forces occupied a narrow slice of northeastern Prekmurje along the German–Yugoslav border,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200184_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200184-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included four <i>Volksdeutsche</i> villages. In mid-June 1941, this area was absorbed into <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Steiermark" title="Reichsgau Steiermark">Reichsgau Steiermark</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKroener200093_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKroener200093-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hungarian troops suffered 126 dead and 241 wounded during the sporadic fighting,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201174_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201174-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and killed between 1,122 and 3,500 civilians, including some <i>Volksdeutsche</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006137-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201173_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201173-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many civilians were arrested and tortured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 April 1941, around 500 Jews and Serbs were bayoneted to death, probably as a warning to others not to resist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During post-war questioning, Horthy insisted that he had not wished to invade Yugoslavia, but that he had been compelled to act by disorder and the massacre of Hungarians in Bačka, but these claims have been dismissed by Tomasevich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map of the occupied territories and their subdivisions under Hungarian rule." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png/300px-Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png/450px-Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png/600px-Hungarian_Occupied_Yugoslavia_1941_44.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the division of the areas of Yugoslavia occupied then annexed by Hungary, including the relevant Hungarian administrative subdivisions</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hungarian-occupied territory of Bačka consisted of that part of the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Banovina" title="Danube Banovina">Danube Banovina</a> bounded by the former Hungarian–Yugoslav border to the north, the Danube to the south and west, and the Tisza to the east. The occupied territory of Baranja had also been part of the Danube Banovina, but was that area bounded by the former Hungarian-Yugoslav border to the north and west, the <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> to the west and south, and the Danube to the east. The territory of Međimurje was part of the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a> prior to the invasion, and was bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Mur_(river)" title="Mur (river)">Mura</a> river to the north and the Drava river to the south. Prekmurje consisted of that part of the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a> that lay north of the Mura.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200162_and_169–170_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200162_and_169–170-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Hungarian-occupied territories consisted of flat, largely agricultural land of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a>, except for some hilly country in the northwest of the Međimurje region and in the north of the Prekmurje region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172–173_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172–173-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total area of the Yugoslav territories occupied by Hungary was 11,475 square kilometres (4,431 sq mi), consisting of 8,558 km<sup>2</sup> (3,304 sq mi) in Bačka, 1,213 km<sup>2</sup> (468 sq mi) in Baranja, and 1,704 km<sup>2</sup> (658 sq mi) in the Međimurje and Prekmurje regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At first, the occupied territories were placed under military administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The international legal scholar, Professor <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Raphael Lemkin</a>, who coined the word "<a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>" as meaning the "destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin200879_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin200879-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described the policies implemented by the Hungarian authorities in the occupied territories as "genocidal".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262–263_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262–263-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemkin asserted that "genocidal" policies were those that were aimed at destroying the political, social, cultural, religious, and economic existence and language of those living in occupied territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin200879_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin200879-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first two weeks of Hungarian rule, 10,000 Serbs were expelled to the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German-occupied territory of Serbia</a>, the NDH, or <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian-ruled Montenegro</a>. On 1 May 1941, the Germans estimated that the population of the territories occupied by Hungary was 1,145,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196976_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196976-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 July 1941, the military governor of the town of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a> in Međimurje, Colonel Zsigmond Timár, issued a declaration that the following day Međimurje was to be placed permanently under military administration and Hungarian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Professor <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_Ramet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabrina Ramet">Sabrina Ramet</a>, the government of the NDH consented to Hungarian annexation of the Međimurje area on 10 July,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006115_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006115-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but according to Davor Kovačić and Marica Karakaš Obradov of the Croatian Institute of History, the Hungarian declaration was made without consulting with the NDH government, and was never recognised by it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062–63_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062–63-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov201287_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov201287-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Croat population of the region were unhappy with the decision,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003164_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003164-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and military rule remained in place until 16 August 1941, after which civil administration was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201171_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201171-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 July, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Yugoslav dinar</a> ceased to be <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> in the occupied territories, and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_peng%C5%91" title="Hungarian pengő">Hungarian pengő</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008263_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008263-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A census of the occupied Yugoslav territories was conducted by the Hungarian authorities in 1941, which counted a total population of 1,030,027. In this census, the ethnic proportions in these territories combined were 37 per cent Hungarian, 19 per cent <i>Volksdeutsche</i>, 18 per cent Croats and 16 per cent Serbs,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201171_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201171-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the population of Prekmurje was 102,867.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox200540_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox200540-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December, these regions, referred to by Hungary as the "Recovered Southern Territories" (Hungarian: <i lang="hu">Délvidék</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were formally incorporated into Hungary and were given full representation in the Hungarian Parliament,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although representatives were to be nominated by the Parliament rather than elected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although plans to deport 150,000 Serbs (including colonists from the interwar period, but also native inhabitants) to the German-occupied territory of Serbia were opposed by the German command in Belgrade, the Hungarian occupational regime managed to expel between 25,000 and 60,000 of them, mostly to Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanjetović2008156_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanjetović2008156-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, the Hungarian government resettled some of its pre-war population in Bačka and Baranja, primarily <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Székelys</a> from areas of Transylvania ceded to Hungary by Romania in 1940. Between 15,000 and 18,000 were reportedly resettled in Bačka and Baranja.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKostanick196328_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKostanick196328-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–171_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–171-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006138_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006138-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hungarian authorities established <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> for Serbs from which they were eventually expelled to the German-occupied territory of Serbia. As part of the "systematic <a href="/wiki/Magyarisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyarisation">magyarisation</a>" of these territories,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001171_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001171-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungarian political parties and patriotic organisations were encouraged to be active in Bačka and Baranja, which resulted in discrimination against "less-desirable elements" of the population such as Serbs, Croats and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001171_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001171-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discrimination extended to education and communication, where Hungarian and German were the only languages permitted in almost all secondary schools, and books, newspapers and periodicals in the Serbo-Croat language were virtually banned. Well-educated Serbs and Croats were precluded from undertaking work commensurate with their education.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–171_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–171-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Serbs and Croats that had lived in the territories prior to 1918 retained their citizenship rights as Hungarians, and some lower-level non-Hungarian public employees were retained in their jobs. One former Serb senator and one former Croat parliamentary deputy sat in the Hungarian Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Prekmurje, the Hungarian authorities were more permissive, making no attempt to deport Slovenes in large numbers, and allowing the Slovene language to be used in public.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006136–137_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006136–137-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the Hungarians curried favour with the <a href="/wiki/Bunjevci" title="Bunjevci">Bunjevci</a> minority in order to persuade them that they were neither Serbs nor Croats, nor even Slavs at all: they were "Hungarians of Bunyevac mother-tongue".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney195739_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney195739-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Volksdeutsche</i> of the occupied territories were an important part of the economies of the occupied territories, and by 1941, they were entirely in the thrall of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. Relations between the occupation authorities and the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> were strained by the killing of ethnic Germans during the invasion, to the extent that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> became aware of the issue. The <i>Volksdeutsche</i> were not active in the Hungarian military or civil administration, but were represented in the Hungarian Parliament, and from 1942 were permitted to conscript their members into the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. The official organisation of the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> in Hungary, the <i>Volksbund der Deutschen in Ungarn</i> (National League of Germans in Hungary), was essentially autonomous during the war, including within the occupied territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1941%E2%80%9344)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–44)">Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–44)</a></div> <p>Bačka and Baranja had both been part of the Danube Banovina of Yugoslavia before the war. Međimurje had been part of the Banovina of Croatia, and Prekmurje had been part of the Drava Banovina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan2009129_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan2009129-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian authorities referred to the occupied territories by the following names: Bácska for Bačka, Baranya for Baranja, Muraköz for Međimurje, and Muravidék for Prekmurje.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney195713_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney195713-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the occupation, the Hungarian authorities divided the occupied territories between the counties that corresponded with the administrative divisions that had existed when the area had formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> prior to 1920. These were the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1cs-Bodrog_County" title="Bács-Bodrog County">Bács-Bodrog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County_(former)" title="Baranya County (former)">Baranya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vas_County_(former)" title="Vas County (former)">Vas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zala_County_(former)" title="Zala County (former)">Zala Counties</a>. The officials in these territories were appointed rather than elected. The counties were further divided into districts, and the authorities reverted many districts, cities and towns to the names used prior to 1920, and in some cases to names which had no historical precedent. Some examples of the name changes in each county are shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan2009129_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan2009129-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p>Bács-Bodrog County: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#F5F5DC;""> <th>Hungarian name </th> <th>Corresponding<br />Yugoslav name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Hódság </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Od%C5%BEaci" title="Odžaci">Odžaci</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Magyarkanizsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanji%C5%BEa" title="Kanjiža">Stara Kanjiža</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Óbecse </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dej" title="Bečej">Stari Bečej</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Palánka </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka_Palanka" title="Bačka Palanka">Bačka Palanka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Topolya </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka_Topola" title="Bačka Topola">Bačka Topola</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Újvidék </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zenta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senta" title="Senta">Senta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zombor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sombor" title="Sombor">Sombor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zsablya </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDabalj" title="Žabalj">Žabalj</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>Baranya County: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#F5F5DC;""> <th>Hungarian name </th> <th>Corresponding<br />Yugoslav name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Baranyavár </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Branjin_Vrh" title="Branjin Vrh">Branjin Vrh</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Vas County: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#F5F5DC;""> <th>Hungarian name </th> <th>Corresponding<br />Yugoslav name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Muraszombat </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murska_Sobota" title="Murska Sobota">Murska Sobota</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>Zala County: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#F5F5DC;""> <th>Hungarian name </th> <th>Corresponding<br />Yugoslav name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Alsólendva </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lendava" title="Lendava">Lendava</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Csáktornya </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Perlak </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prelog,_Croatia" title="Prelog, Croatia">Prelog</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Holocaust">The Holocaust</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">History of the Jews in Hungary</a></div> <p>In April 1941, about 23 per cent of Yugoslav Jews (about 16,680 people) lived in the territories occupied by Hungary. These included around 15,405 in Bačka and Baranja, about 425 in Međimurje, and approximately 850 in Prekmurje.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001583_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001583-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hungarian government had passed <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> laws in 1939, and these were applied to the occupied and annexed territories. Initially the laws were applied selectively due to the transfer of the territories from military to civilian administration. Some Jews that had settled in the occupied territories were sent to the German-occupied territory of Serbia where they were placed in the <a href="/wiki/Banjica_concentration_camp" title="Banjica concentration camp">Banjica concentration camp</a> in Belgrade and killed. Others were expelled to the NDH where they met the same fate, but it is unknown how many deported Jews died in this way. After the violence of the initial occupation, no further massacres of Jews occurred during the remainder of 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jews of the occupied territories were subjected to forced labour by the Hungarian authorities, with about 4,000 Bačka and Baranja Jews being sent to hard labour camps within Hungary, 1,500 Bačka Jews being among the 10,000 Hungarian Jews sent to perform labour tasks for the Hungarian Army on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> in September 1942, and about 600 Bačka Jews sent to work in the <a href="/wiki/Bor,_Serbia" title="Bor, Serbia">Bor</a> copper mine in the German-occupied territory of Serbia in July 1943. Only 2 per cent of those sent to the Eastern Front survived the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201189–90_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201189–90-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resistance_and_repression">Resistance and repression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resistance and repression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bačka and Baranja, the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> and Hungarian authorities killed significant numbers of Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrpa–Jovanović200058_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrpa–Jovanović200058-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After small-scale armed resistance broke out in Hungarian-occupied Bačka and Baranja in the second half of 1941, the Hungarian military reacted with heavy repressive measures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1941 alone the Hungarian occupation forces summarily executed 313 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201173_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201173-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measures included the establishment of temporary concentration camps at <a href="/wiki/Ada,_Serbia" title="Ada, Serbia">Ada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka_Topola" title="Bačka Topola">Bačka Topola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bege%C4%8D" title="Begeč">Begeč</a>, <a href="/wiki/Od%C5%BEaci" title="Odžaci">Odžaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dej" title="Bečej">Bečej</a> and Subotica, as well as at Novi Sad, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pechuj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja,_Hungary" title="Baja, Hungary">Baja</a>. According to Professor Paul Mojzes, some 2,000 Jews and a large number of Serbs were detained in these camps for periods from two weeks to two months, with Jews that had not been interned being employed as forced labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several thousand people remained in camps until the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the Jews that had migrated to Bačka and Baranja during the inter-war period were expelled to the NDH or the German-occupied territory of Serbia where they were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201187-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">communist</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisan</a> resistance movement of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> was never strong in Bačka and Baranja because the flat terrain of the region did not lend itself to <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>, and because <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a>, from which the Partisans drew their recruits, only made up one-third of the regional population. Some Partisan units raised in the occupied territories were sent to the NDH to reinforce Partisan formations operating there. Despite their initial resistance, the Chetnik movement was largely inactive during the occupation, maintaining some covert activity only.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172–173_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172–173-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Partisans and their regional committee had largely been destroyed by the end of 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988107_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988107-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1942, the Hungarian army and gendarmerie undertook <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_raid" title="Novi Sad raid">a major raid in southern Bačka</a>, during which they massacred 2,550 Serbs, 743 Jews and 47 other people<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESajti1987153_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESajti1987153-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in places such as Bečej, Srbobran and Novi Sad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001172-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the pretext that they were searching for Partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200432_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200432-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources place the number of Serbs and Jews massacred in Novi Sad as being much lower, at around 879.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGranville2004102_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGranville2004102-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raids were carried out in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C5%A1" title="Šajkaš">Šajkaš</a> (Sajkásvidék) over 4–19 January; in Novi Sad (Újvidék) over 21–23 January; and in Bečej (Óbecse) over 25–29 January. Over the period 4–24 January, massacres were carried out by the Hungarian <a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Light_Division_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Light Division (Hungary) (page does not exist)">15th Light Division</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Grassy" title="József Grassy">József Grassy</a> and units of the Royal Gendarmerie. The operations were ordered by Grassy, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Feketehalmy-Czeydner" title="Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner">Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_De%C3%A1k" title="László Deák">László Deák</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Royal Gendarmerie <a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a> Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1rton_Z%C3%B6ldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Márton Zöldi (page does not exist)">Márton Zöldi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200471_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200471-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Serbs and Jews, members of other ethnicities were also victims: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> people, a small number of <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">Russian refugees</a> who had fled <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a> after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a>, and some local Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegel200825_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegel200825-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1942, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> reported that churches had been looted and destroyed, and that <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a> holy days had been prohibited by the Hungarian administration. These reports stated that a camp in Novi Sad interned 13,000 Serb and Jewish men, women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008263_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008263-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under pressure from the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">political opposition</a>, the Hungarian government charged 14 Hungarian officers with <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a> in relation to the massacres, including Feketehalmy-Czeydner, Grassy, Deák and Zöldi. A military trial was held in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> between 23 December 1943 and January 1944, and those that were convicted were sentenced to between 10 and 15 years imprisonment for their part in the massacres. Feketehalmy-Czeydner, Grassy, Deák and Zöldi were not sentenced as they could not be located, and had fled to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007118_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007118-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is apparent from the trial proceedings that Zöldi was present during some of the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007125–126_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007125–126-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor Lajčo Klajn has stated that those most responsible for the massacre were not tried before this military court, and that they included Prime Minister Bárdossy and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Hungary)" title="Ministry of Interior (Hungary)">Minister for Interior Affairs</a> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Keresztes-Fischer" title="Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer">Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer</a>, both of whom appeared only as witnesses. Klajn opines that the Chief of the General Staff, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Szombathelyi" title="Ferenc Szombathelyi">Ferenc Szombathelyi</a> and the Minister of Defence should also have been examined by the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007124_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007124-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further writes that the "genocide had been planned by the highest military and political circles in Hungary for a long time in advance".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007126_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007126-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klajn believes that the massacre had been intended to convince the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">German Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> that Hungarian troops were needed on its territory instead of the Eastern Front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007117–118_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007117–118-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1944, Partisan activity increased in Bačka to such an extent that special regulations similar to the "Special Administrative Regulations" that applied to the operational zones of the Hungarian Army were extended to Bačka: curfews were imposed and political activities were forbidden. A self-defence organisation, the Pandurs, was created.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957315_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957315-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_occupation_and_the_Holocaust">German occupation and the Holocaust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: German occupation and the Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a sculpture in Novi Sad of three tall gaunt figures dedicated to the 1942 raid victims" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg/200px-Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg/300px-Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg/400px-Spomenik_%C5%BErtvama_racije.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the 1942 raid victims in Novi Sad</figcaption></figure> <p>The occupation of Bačka and Baranja lasted until 1944. Fearing that Hungary might conclude a separate peace with the Allies, Hitler launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Margarethe">Operation Margarethe I</a> on 15 March 1944, and ordered German troops to occupy Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001173_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001173-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, some of those that had escaped prosecution for the 1942 massacres had joined various German military and police organisations. Feketehalmy-Czeydner had become the highest-ranking foreign officer in the <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i>, being promoted to SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> (lieutenant general). Grassy became a SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Gruppenführer">Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS</a></i> (major general) and was appointed to command the <a href="/wiki/25th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Hunyadi_(1st_Hungarian)" title="25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi (1st Hungarian)">25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi (1st Hungarian)</a>, and Zöldi joined the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>. The case against them was re-opened after the German occupation, and in this second trial they were all found not guilty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági2004155_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági2004155-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944, the genocidal policies of the authorities were applied comprehensively. Hungarian Jews were subjected to starvation and <a href="/wiki/Death_marches_(Holocaust)" class="mw-redirect" title="Death marches (Holocaust)">death marches</a>, and those that had remained in the occupied territories were transported to <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>. From 26 April 1944, the remaining Jews in Bačka and Baranja, mostly women, but including children and the elderly, were rounded up into local concentration camps then moved to larger camps in Hungary proper. Between 14,000 and 15,000 Jews from Bačka, Baranja and other parts of Hungary were collected at Baja and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1csalm%C3%A1s" title="Bácsalmás">Bácsalmás</a> then transported to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> where most were killed. In September 1944, the workforce of the Bor mine was force-marched for several weeks back to extermination camps where the survivors were killed. One of the two groups of workers numbered 2,500, but only a few survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201190–91_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201190–91-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such was the extent of the Holocaust in the occupied territories that by the end of the war, nearly 85 per cent of the Jews that had been living in the Hungarian-occupied Yugoslav territories in April 1941 had been killed. This figure comprised about 13,500 Jews from Bačka and Baranja, and about 1,300 from Međimurje and Prekmurje.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001591_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001591-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_of_the_Volksdeutsche_and_Yugoslav_military_control">Flight of the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> and Yugoslav military control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flight of the Volksdeutsche and Yugoslav military control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1944, the Hungarian authorities began evacuating the Székelys settled in the occupied territories since 1941 to <a href="/wiki/Transdanubia" title="Transdanubia">Transdanubia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957347_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957347-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several days after the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a> on 1 October 1944, the Germans began the <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_evacuation_of_German_civilians_during_the_end_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and evacuation of German civilians during the end of World War II">evacuation of Bačka</a>, including the local <i>Volksdeutsche</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolff2000152_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolff2000152-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advance of the Partisans and the Red Army, some of the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> left the region while some others stayed, despite the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERonenPelinka199759_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERonenPelinka199759-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1944, the Banat and Bačka were captured by Soviet troops. Subotica was captured on 12 October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957378_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957378-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a few weeks, they withdrew and ceded full control of the region to the Partisans,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who established a military administration in the Banat, Bačka and Baranja on 17 October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first few weeks after Bačka returned to Yugoslav control, about 16,800 Hungarians were killed by Serbs in revenge for killings during the Hungarian occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1944, Tito declared that the <i>Volksdeutsche</i> of Yugoslavia were hostile to the nation, and ordered the internment of those living in areas under Partisan control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006159-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 60,000–70,000 <i>Volksdeutsche</i> had been evacuated from Bačka; while an additional 30,000–60,000 from Bačka were serving in the Wehrmacht at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137–138_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006137–138-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Yugoslav_civilian_control">Return to Yugoslav civilian control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Return to Yugoslav civilian control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45">Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45</a></div> <p>On 15 February 1945, the Banat, Bačka and Baranja were transferred from military to civilian administration with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Liberation_Committee_(Yugoslavia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Liberation Committee (Yugoslavia) (page does not exist)">People's Liberation Committee</a> (Serbo-Croatian: <i lang="sh">Narodnooslobodilački odbor</i>, NOO) taking control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until early 1945, the Yugoslav communist administration was characterised by persecution of some elements of the local population, with mass executions, internments and abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 110,000 <i>Volksdeutsche</i> were interned, with around 46,000 dying in captivity due to poor conditions in the camps and the hard labour they were subjected to.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims of the communist regime were of various ethnic backgrounds and included some members of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Vojvodina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Vojvodina">Hungarian</a> and <i>Volksdeutsche</i> population, as well as Serbs. The Hungarian writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibor_Cseres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibor Cseres (page does not exist)">Tibor Cseres</a> has described in detail the crimes he claims the Yugoslav communists committed against Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegel200826_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegel200826-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 5,000 Hungarians were killed following the return of the occupied territories to Yugoslav control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 40,000 Hungarians left the Banat, Bačka and Baranja after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003311_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003311-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1946, there were 84,800 refugees from Yugoslavia living in Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legal proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After these territories returned to Yugoslav control, the military and national courts in Bačka prosecuted collaborators who had killed about 10,000–20,000 civilians. The Security Service of Vojvodina captured the majority of these people. Meanwhile, some of those who were responsible for the 1942 massacres in southern Bačka were captured in, and extradited from, the newly formed <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Hungary">People's Republic of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007133–136_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007133–136-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i>Mađari u Vojvodini: 1941–1946</i> ("Hungarians in Vojvodina: 1941–1946"; Novi Sad, 1996), Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1ndor_Kasz%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sándor Kaszás (page does not exist)">Sándor Kaszás</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Novi_Sad" title="University of Novi Sad">University of Novi Sad</a> listed a total of 1,686 executed war criminals by name, of whom around 1,000 were Hungarian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a third trial in early 1946, the National Court of Hungary in Budapest found Szombathelyi, Feketehalmy-Czeydner, Grassy, Deák, and Zöldi guilty of involvement in the massacres in the occupied territories, and in carrying out the deportation of Jews to extermination camps. In accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement, the Hungarian authorities then extradited them to Yugoslavia, where they underwent a fourth trial in Novi Sad in October 1946. They were all sentenced to death and executed the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraham2000259–260_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraham2000259–260-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_and_political_changes">Demographic and political changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographic and political changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the approximately 500,000 <i>Volksdeutsche</i> living in Yugoslavia before the war, about half were evacuated, 50,000 died in Yugoslav concentration camps, 15,000 were killed by the Partisans and about 150,000 were deported to the Soviet Union as forced labourers. They were also stripped of their property. By 1948, only 55,337 <i>Volksdeutsche</i> remained in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006159-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yugoslav Bačka is now part of <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>, an autonomous province of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, Yugoslav Baranja and Međimurje are part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, and Yugoslav Prekmurje is part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStallaerts200933–34_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStallaerts200933–34-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_apologies">Formal apologies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Formal apologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a> of Serbia adopted a declaration condemning the atrocities which were committed against Hungarian civilians between 1944 and 1945. On 26 June 2013, Hungarian <a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_%C3%81der" title="János Áder">János Áder</a> visited Serbia and formally apologised for war crimes committed against Serbian civilians by Hungarian forces during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEB92_26_June_2013_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEB92_26_June_2013-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1941%E2%80%931945)" title="Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1945)">Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–1945">Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008631_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemkin2008">Lemkin 2008</a>, p. 631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008261–262_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemkin2008">Lemkin 2008</a>, pp. 261–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson199695-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson199695_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson199695_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson1996">Pearson 1996</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_and_71-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_and_71_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUngváry2011">Ungváry 2011</a>, pp. 75 and 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov2012104_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarakaš_Obradov2012">Karakaš Obradov 2012</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBán200437–38-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBán200437–38_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBán2004">Bán 2004</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiondich200849-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiondich200849_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBiondich2008">Biondich 2008</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003359-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003359_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberhardt2003">Eberhardt 2003</a>, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–172-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–172_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 170–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201170_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUngváry2011">Ungváry 2011</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPogany199727-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPogany199727_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPogany199727_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPogany1997">Pogany 1997</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrank2001">Frank 2001</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoppa2006115-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoppa2006115_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoppa2006">Coppa 2006</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEby200715-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEby200715_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEby2007">Eby 2007</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007106_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGranville2004101–102-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGranville2004101–102_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGranville2004">Granville 2004</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006137-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007112-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007112_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWehler198050-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWehler198050_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWehler1980">Wehler 1980</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbottThomasChappell198212-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbottThomasChappell198212_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbottThomasChappell1982">Abbott, Thomas & Chappell 1982</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007a76-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007a76_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPortmann2007a">Portmann 2007a</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasSzabo200814_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasSzabo2008">Thomas & Szabo 2008</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198660–61-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198660–61_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Army1986">United States Army 1986</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001169_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECseres199161–65-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECseres199161–65_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCseres1991">Cseres 1991</a>, pp. 61–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomjáthy1993134-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomjáthy1993134_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKomjáthy1993">Komjáthy 1993</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeulen2000122–123_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeulen2000">Neulen 2000</a>, pp. 122–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzabó2005196-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzabó2005196_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzabó2005">Szabó 2005</a>, p. 196, citing the obituaries of the "Royal Parachutist Squadron" (13 April) and in the periodical <i>Pápa és Vidéke</i> (27 April).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198665-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198665_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Army1986">United States Army 1986</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198664-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Army198664_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Army1986">United States Army 1986</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200184-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196976_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovačić2010">Kovačić 2010</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006115-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006115_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062–63-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačić201062–63_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovačić2010">Kovačić 2010</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarakaš_Obradov201287-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008263_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemkin2008">Lemkin 2008</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECox200540-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox200540_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCox2005">Cox 2005</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008262_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemkin2008">Lemkin 2008</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200884_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2008">Pavlowitch 2008</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanjetović2008156-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanjetović2008156_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanjetović2008">Janjetović 2008</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUngváry201175_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUngváry2011">Ungváry 2011</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKostanick196328-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKostanick196328_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKostanick1963">Kostanick 1963</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001170–171-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrpa–Jovanović200058-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrpa–Jovanović200058_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrpa–Jovanović2000">Prpa–Jovanović 2000</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988107-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988107_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESajti1987153-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESajti1987153_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSajti1987">Sajti 1987</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKocsisHodosi1998153_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKocsisHodosi1998">Kocsis & Hodosi 1998</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200432-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200432_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádárVági2004">Kádár & Vági 2004</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGranville2004102-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGranville2004102_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGranville2004">Granville 2004</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200471-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági200471_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádárVági2004">Kádár & Vági 2004</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegel200825-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegel200825_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegel2008">Segel 2008</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007118-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007118_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007125–126-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007125–126_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, pp. 125–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007124-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007124_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007126-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007126_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007117–118-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007117–118_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957315-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957315_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacartney1957">Macartney 1957</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001173-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001173_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKádárVági2004155-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKádárVági2004155_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKádárVági2004">Kádár & Vági 2004</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMojzes201190–91-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMojzes201190–91_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMojzes2011">Mojzes 2011</a>, pp. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001591-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001591_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 591.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957347-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957347_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacartney1957">Macartney 1957</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolff2000152-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolff2000152_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolff2000">Wolff 2000</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERonenPelinka199759-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERonenPelinka199759_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRonenPelinka1997">Ronen & Pelinka 1997</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957378-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacartney1957378_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacartney1957">Macartney 1957</a>, p. 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETherSundhaussen200169_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTherSundhaussen2001">Ther & Sundhaussen 2001</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b15_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPortmann2007b">Portmann 2007b</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006159-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006137–138-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006137–138_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegel200826-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegel200826_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegel2008">Segel 2008</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortmann2007b19_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPortmann2007b">Portmann 2007b</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003311-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003311_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberhardt2003">Eberhardt 2003</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007133–136-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlajn2007133–136_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlajn2007">Klajn 2007</a>, pp. 133–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraham2000259–260-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraham2000259–260_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBraham2000">Braham 2000</a>, pp. 259–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStallaerts200933–34-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStallaerts200933–34_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStallaerts2009">Stallaerts 2009</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEB92_26_June_2013-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEB92_26_June_2013_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFB92_26_June_2013">B92 26 June 2013</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbbottThomasChappell1982" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Peter; Thomas, Nigel; Chappell, Mike (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8xx3p8IAUGEC"><i>Germany's Eastern Front Allies 1941–45, Vol 1</i></a>. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-475-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-475-8"><bdi>978-0-85045-475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Eastern+Front+Allies+1941%E2%80%9345%2C+Vol+1&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-475-8&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Chappell%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8xx3p8IAUGEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBán2004" class="citation book cs1">Bán, András D. (2004). <i>Hungarian–British Diplomacy, 1938–1941: The Attempt to Maintain Relations</i>. London, England: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5660-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5660-7"><bdi>0-7146-5660-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungarian%E2%80%93British+Diplomacy%2C+1938%E2%80%931941%3A+The+Attempt+to+Maintain+Relations&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7146-5660-7&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac, Ivo</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jS69IRtTA3gC"><i>With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist splits in Yugoslav Communism</i></a>. New York, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2186-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2186-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-2186-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Stalin+against+Tito%3A+Cominformist+splits+in+Yugoslav+Communism&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-2186-0&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjS69IRtTA3gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2008" class="citation book cs1">Biondich, Mark (2008). "The Historical Legacy: The Evolution of Interwar Yugoslav Politics". In Cohen, Lenard J.; Dragović-Soso, Jasna (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGy3dO_aDisC"><i>State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia's Disintegration</i></a>. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 43–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-460-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-460-6"><bdi>978-1-55753-460-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Legacy%3A+The+Evolution+of+Interwar+Yugoslav+Politics&rft.btitle=State+Collapse+in+South-Eastern+Europe%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=43-74&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-460-6&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGy3dO_aDisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraham2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randolph_L._Braham" title="Randolph L. Braham">Braham, Randolph L.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATpHs6fgr_YC"><i>The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary</i></a>. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2691-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2691-6"><bdi>978-0-8143-2691-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Genocide%3A+The+Holocaust+in+Hungary&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2691-6&rft.aulast=Braham&rft.aufirst=Randolph+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATpHs6fgr_YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppa2006" class="citation book cs1">Coppa, Frank J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gTv99LBYSL4C"><i>Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators: From Napoleon to the Present</i></a>. New York, New York: Peter Lang Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5010-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5010-0"><bdi>978-0-8204-5010-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Modern+Dictators%3A+From+Napoleon+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5010-0&rft.aulast=Coppa&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgTv99LBYSL4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2005" class="citation book cs1">Cox, John K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NV9Ky3VCo3sC"><i>Slovenia: Evolving Loyalties</i></a>. New York, New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-27431-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-27431-9"><bdi>978-0-415-27431-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovenia%3A+Evolving+Loyalties&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-27431-9&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNV9Ky3VCo3sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCseres1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cseres, Tibor (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/03300/03393/03393.htm#2"><i>Vérbosszú a Bácskában</i></a> [<i>Vendetta in Bácska</i>] (in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Magvető Publications. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/654722739">654722739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A9rbossz%C3%BA+a+B%C3%A1csk%C3%A1ban&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Magvet%C5%91+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654722739&rft.aulast=Cseres&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.niif.hu%2F03300%2F03393%2F03393.htm%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhardt2003" class="citation book cs1">Eberhardt, Piotr (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC"><i>Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis</i></a>. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1833-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1833-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-1833-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+and+Population+Changes+in+Twentieth-century+Central-Eastern+Europe%3A+History%2C+Data%2C+and+Analysis&rft.place=Armonk%2C+New+York&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1833-7&rft.aulast=Eberhardt&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLfX1q3kJzgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEby2007" class="citation book cs1">Eby, Cecil D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQ2j2_wcWxMC"><i>Hungary at War: Civilians and Soldiers in World War II</i></a>. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03244-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03244-3"><bdi>978-0-271-03244-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungary+at+War%3A+Civilians+and+Soldiers+in+World+War+II&rft.place=University+Park%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-271-03244-3&rft.aulast=Eby&rft.aufirst=Cecil+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQ2j2_wcWxMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2001" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Tibor (2001). "Treaty Revision and Doublespeak: Hungarian Neutrality, 1939–1941". In Wylie, Neville (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNh3v8miC0kC"><i>European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents During the Second World War</i></a>. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0"><bdi>978-0-521-64358-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaty+Revision+and+Doublespeak%3A+Hungarian+Neutrality%2C+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.btitle=European+Neutrals+and+Non-Belligerents+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Cambridgeshire&rft.pages=150-191&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64358-0&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNh3v8miC0kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranville2004" class="citation book cs1">Granville, Johanna C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkaWTipqnecC"><i>The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956</i></a>. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-298-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-298-0"><bdi>978-1-58544-298-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Domino%3A+International+Decision+Making+during+the+Hungarian+Crisis+of+1956&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-298-0&rft.aulast=Granville&rft.aufirst=Johanna+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkaWTipqnecC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanjetović2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janjetović, Zoran (2008). "Die Vertreibungen auf dem Territorium des ehemaligen Jogoslawien" [The Expulsions from the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia]. In Bingen, Dieter; Borodziej, Włodzimierz; Troebst, Stefan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sk39Uq9ujX8C"><i>Vertreibungen europäisch erinnern?</i></a> [<i>Do You Remember the European Expulsions?</i>] (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 153–157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4"><bdi>978-0-231-70050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Vertreibungen+auf+dem+Territorium+des+ehemaligen+Jogoslawien&rft.btitle=Vertreibungen+europ%C3%A4isch+erinnern%3F&rft.place=Wiesbaden%2C+Germany&rft.pages=153-157&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70050-4&rft.aulast=Janjetovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Zoran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSk39Uq9ujX8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2009" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Peter (2009). <i>Geographical Names as part of the Cultural Heritage</i>. Vienna, Austria: Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-900830-67-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-900830-67-0"><bdi>978-3-900830-67-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+as+part+of+the+Cultural+Heritage&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.pub=Institut+f%C3%BCr+Geographie+und+Regionalforschung+der+Universit%C3%A4t+Wien&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-900830-67-0&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKádárVági2004" class="citation book cs1">Kádár, Gábor; Vági, Zoltán (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSDmINSxXbAC"><i>Self-Financing Genocide: The Gold Train, the Becher Case and the Wealth of Hungarian Jews</i></a>. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9241-53-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-9241-53-4"><bdi>978-963-9241-53-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Self-Financing+Genocide%3A+The+Gold+Train%2C+the+Becher+Case+and+the+Wealth+of+Hungarian+Jews&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-963-9241-53-4&rft.aulast=K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rft.au=V%C3%A1gi%2C+Zolt%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSDmINSxXbAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlajn2007" class="citation book cs1">Klajn, Lajčo (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hq3XLZ9Nw68C"><i>The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3647-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3647-6"><bdi>978-0-7618-3647-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+in+Present+Times%3A+The+Yugoslav+Saga&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-3647-6&rft.aulast=Klajn&rft.aufirst=Laj%C4%8Do&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhq3XLZ9Nw68C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKocsisHodosi1998" class="citation book cs1">Kocsis, Károly; Hodosi, Eszter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC"><i>Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin</i></a>. Budapest, Hungary: Simon Publications LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931313-75-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931313-75-9"><bdi>978-1-931313-75-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Geography+of+the+Hungarian+Minorities+in+the+Carpathian+Basin&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Simon+Publications+LLC&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-931313-75-9&rft.aulast=Kocsis&rft.aufirst=K%C3%A1roly&rft.au=Hodosi%2C+Eszter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zZ_NVM9mNEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomjáthy1993" class="citation book cs1">Komjáthy, Anthony Tihamér (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIZ_a4PY6ocC"><i>Give Peace One More Chance!: Revision of the 1946 Peace Treaty of Paris</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8191-8905-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8191-8905-9"><bdi>978-0-8191-8905-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Give+Peace+One+More+Chance%21%3A+Revision+of+the+1946+Peace+Treaty+of+Paris&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8191-8905-9&rft.aulast=Komj%C3%A1thy&rft.aufirst=Anthony+Tiham%C3%A9r&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIZ_a4PY6ocC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostanick1963" class="citation book cs1">Kostanick, Huey Louis (1963). "The Geopolitics of the Balkans". In Jelavich, Charles; Jelavich, Barbara (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkansintransit0000jela"><i>The Balkans in Transition: Essays on the Development of Balkan Life and Politics Since the Eighteenth Century</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-208-01431-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-208-01431-3"><bdi>978-0-208-01431-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Geopolitics+of+the+Balkans&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+in+Transition%3A+Essays+on+the+Development+of+Balkan+Life+and+Politics+Since+the+Eighteenth+Century&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-208-01431-3&rft.aulast=Kostanick&rft.aufirst=Huey+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkansintransit0000jela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroener2000" class="citation book cs1">Kroener, Bernhard (2000). <i>Germany and the Second World War: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power, Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources 1942–1944/5</i>. Vol. V/I. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5"><bdi>978-0-19-822887-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%3A+Organization+and+Mobilization+of+the+German+Sphere+of+Power%2C+Wartime+Administration%2C+Economy%2C+and+Manpower+Resources+1942%E2%80%931944%2F5&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822887-5&rft.aulast=Kroener&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemkin2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Lemkin, Raphael</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y0in2wOY-W0C"><i>Axis Rule in Occupied Europe</i></a>. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-901-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-901-8"><bdi>978-1-58477-901-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Axis+Rule+in+Occupied+Europe&rft.place=Clark%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=The+Lawbook+Exchange&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58477-901-8&rft.aulast=Lemkin&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy0in2wOY-W0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacartney1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlile_Aylmer_Macartney" title="Carlile Aylmer Macartney">Macartney, Carlile Aylmer</a> (1957). <i>October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary, 1929–1945</i>. Vol. 2. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/298105335">298105335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=October+Fifteenth%3A+A+History+of+Modern+Hungary%2C+1929%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+Scotland&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F298105335&rft.aulast=Macartney&rft.aufirst=Carlile+Aylmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojzes2011" class="citation book cs1">Mojzes, Paul (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KwW2O7v7CUcC"><i>Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the 20th Century</i></a>. Plymouth, Devon: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0663-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0663-2"><bdi>978-1-4422-0663-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Genocides%3A+Holocaust+and+Ethnic+Cleansing+in+the+20th+Century&rft.place=Plymouth%2C+Devon&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2&rft.aulast=Mojzes&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKwW2O7v7CUcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeulen2000" class="citation book cs1">Neulen, Hans Werner (2000). <i>In the Skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945</i>. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-799-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-799-1"><bdi>1-86126-799-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Skies+of+Europe%3A+Air+Forces+Allied+to+the+Luftwaffe+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Ramsbury%2C+Wiltshire&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-86126-799-1&rft.aulast=Neulen&rft.aufirst=Hans+Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. Pavlowitch">Pavlowitch, Stevan K.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC"><i>Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</i></a>. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-895-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-895-5&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1996" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Raymond (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WI2WIiR2FjgC">"Hungary: A State Truncated, A Nation Dismembered"</a>. In Dunn, Seamus; Fraser, Thomas G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/europeethnicity00seam/page/88"><i>Europe and Ethnicity: World War 1 and Contemporary Ethnic Conflict</i></a>. London, England: Psychology Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/europeethnicity00seam/page/88">88–109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11996-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11996-2"><bdi>978-0-415-11996-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hungary%3A+A+State+Truncated%2C+A+Nation+Dismembered&rft.btitle=Europe+and+Ethnicity%3A+World+War+1+and+Contemporary+Ethnic+Conflict&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=88-109&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11996-2&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWI2WIiR2FjgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogany1997" class="citation book cs1">Pogany, Istvan S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BB4NAQAAIAAJ"><i>Righting Wrongs in Eastern Europe</i></a>. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press ND. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3042-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3042-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-3042-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righting+Wrongs+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Manchester%2C+England&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press+ND&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3042-0&rft.aulast=Pogany&rft.aufirst=Istvan+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBB4NAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortmann2007a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Portmann, Michael (2007a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYCux1cmEawC"><i>Serbien und Montenegro im zweiten Weltkrieg 1941–1945</i></a> [<i>Serbia and Montegro in the Second World War 1941–1945</i>] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-638-70869-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-638-70869-2"><bdi>978-3-638-70869-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbien+und+Montenegro+im+zweiten+Weltkrieg+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Norderstedt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-638-70869-2&rft.aulast=Portmann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRYCux1cmEawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortmann2007b" class="citation book cs1">Portmann, Michael (2007b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RWZLZaxPUXQC"><i>Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII (1943–1950)</i></a>. Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-638-66048-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-638-66048-8"><bdi>978-3-638-66048-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communist+Retaliation+and+Persecution+on+Yugoslav+Territory+During+and+After+WWII+%281943%E2%80%931950%29&rft.place=Norderstedt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-638-66048-8&rft.aulast=Portmann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRWZLZaxPUXQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrpa–Jovanović2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Branka_Prpa" title="Branka Prpa">Prpa–Jovanović, Branka</a> (2000). "The Making of Yugoslavia: 1830–1945". In Udovički, Jasminka; Ridgeway, James (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DHMioF8-CewC"><i>Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia</i></a>. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. 43–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2590-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2590-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-2590-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+Yugoslavia%3A+1830%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=Burn+This+House%3A+The+Making+and+Unmaking+of+Yugoslavia&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=43-63&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2590-1&rft.aulast=Prpa%E2%80%93Jovanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Branka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDHMioF8-CewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonenPelinka1997" class="citation book cs1">Ronen, Dov; Pelinka, Anton (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIN6QmozBE0C"><i>The Challenge of Ethnic Conflict, Democracy and Self-determination in Central Europe</i></a>. Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4752-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4752-4"><bdi>978-0-7146-4752-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Ethnic+Conflict%2C+Democracy+and+Self-determination+in+Central+Europe&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4752-4&rft.aulast=Ronen&rft.aufirst=Dov&rft.au=Pelinka%2C+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIN6QmozBE0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSajti1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sajti, Enikő A. (1987). <i>Délvidék, 1941–1944: A magyar kormanyok delszlav politikaja</i> [<i>The Southern Territories, 1941–1944: The Policies of the Hungarian Government towards Yugoslavs</i>] (in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Kossuth Könyvkiadó. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-09-3078-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-09-3078-9"><bdi>978-963-09-3078-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9lvid%C3%A9k%2C+1941%E2%80%931944%3A+A+magyar+kormanyok+delszlav+politikaja&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Kossuth+K%C3%B6nyvkiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-963-09-3078-9&rft.aulast=Sajti&rft.aufirst=Enik%C5%91+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegel2008" class="citation book cs1">Segel, Harold B. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VAI7O9prinMC"><i>The Columbia Literary History of Eastern Europe since 1945</i></a>. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13306-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13306-7"><bdi>978-0-231-13306-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Literary+History+of+Eastern+Europe+since+1945&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13306-7&rft.aulast=Segel&rft.aufirst=Harold+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVAI7O9prinMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStallaerts2009" class="citation book cs1">Stallaerts, Robert (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NSjRbIz4iDkC"><i>Historical Dictionary of Croatia</i></a> (3 ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6750-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6750-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-6750-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Croatia&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6750-5&rft.aulast=Stallaerts&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNSjRbIz4iDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTherSundhaussen2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ther, Philipp; Sundhaussen, Holm (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcEROI5HNlAC"><i>Nationalitätenkonflikte im 20. Jahrhundert: Ursachen von inter-ethnischer Gewalt im Vergleich</i></a> [<i>Ethnic Conflicts in the 20th Century: Comparisons of the Causes of Inter-Ethnic Violence</i>] (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04494-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04494-3"><bdi>978-3-447-04494-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalit%C3%A4tenkonflikte+im+20.+Jahrhundert%3A+Ursachen+von+inter-ethnischer+Gewalt+im+Vergleich&rft.place=Wiesbaden%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-447-04494-3&rft.aulast=Ther&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft.au=Sundhaussen%2C+Holm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQcEROI5HNlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasSzabo2008" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Szabo, Laszlo (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mMDfQqkq2_EC"><i>The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II</i></a>. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-324-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-324-7"><bdi>978-1-84603-324-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Hungarian+Army+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-324-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Szabo%2C+Laszlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmMDfQqkq2_EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1969). "Yugoslavia During the Second World War". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_S._Vucinich" title="Wayne S. Vucinich">Vucinich, Wayne S.</a> (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci/page/59">59</a>–118. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47922">47922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslavia+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=59-118&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47922&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporaryyugo0008vuci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUngváry2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kriszti%C3%A1n_Ungv%C3%A1ry" title="Krisztián Ungváry">Ungváry, Krisztián</a> (2011). "Vojvodina under Hungarian Rule". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.). <i>Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two</i>. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 70–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1"><bdi>978-0-230-27830-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vojvodina+under+Hungarian+Rule&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=70-89&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-27830-1&rft.aulast=Ungv%C3%A1ry&rft.aufirst=Kriszti%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Army1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> (1986) [1953]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619234443/http://history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm"><i>The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941): A Model of Crisis Planning</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 104-4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Campaigns+in+the+Balkans+%28Spring+1941%29%3A+A+Model+of+Crisis+Planning&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1986&rft.au=United+States+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2Fbalkan%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelikonja2003" class="citation book cs1">Velikonja, Mitja (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousseparat0000veli"><i>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina</i></a></span>. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-226-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-226-3"><bdi>978-1-58544-226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Separation+and+Political+Intolerance+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-226-3&rft.aulast=Velikonja&rft.aufirst=Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousseparat0000veli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWehler1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wehler, Hans–Ulrich (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1GD5zrgca3YC"><i>Nationalitätenpolitik in Jugoslawien</i></a> [<i>Nationality Policy in Yugoslavia</i>] (in German). Göttingen, West Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-01322-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-01322-9"><bdi>978-3-525-01322-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalit%C3%A4tenpolitik+in+Jugoslawien&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+West+Germany&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-3-525-01322-9&rft.aulast=Wehler&rft.aufirst=Hans%E2%80%93Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1GD5zrgca3YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Wolff" title="Stefan Wolff">Wolff, Stefan</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RwmRktiiTesC"><i>German Minorities in Europe: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging</i></a>. New York, New York: Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-738-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-738-9"><bdi>978-1-57181-738-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Minorities+in+Europe%3A+Ethnic+Identity+and+Cultural+Belonging&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57181-738-9&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRwmRktiiTesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarakaš_Obradov2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karakaš Obradov, Marica (2012). "The Migrations of Hungarian National Group during the Second World War and in the Post-War Period in Croatia". <i>Tokovi Istorije</i> (in Croatian) (1). Belgrade, Serbia: Institute for Recent History of Serbia: 87–105. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0354-6497">0354-6497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tokovi+Istorije&rft.atitle=The+Migrations+of+Hungarian+National+Group+during+the+Second+World+War+and+in+the+Post-War+Period+in+Croatia&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-105&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0354-6497&rft.aulast=Karaka%C5%A1+Obradov&rft.aufirst=Marica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovačić2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kovačić, Davor (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=101880&lang=en">"The Međimurje Question in Police Intelligence Relationships of the Independent State of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary During the Second World War"</a>. <i>Polemos: časopis Za Interdisciplinarna Istraživanja Rata I Mira</i> (in Croatian). <b>XIII</b> (26). <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>: Croatian Sociological Association and Jesenski & Turk Publishing House: 59–78. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-5595">1331-5595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polemos%3A+%C4%8Dasopis+Za+Interdisciplinarna+Istra%C5%BEivanja+Rata+I+Mira&rft.atitle=The+Me%C4%91imurje+Question+in+Police+Intelligence+Relationships+of+the+Independent+State+of+Croatia+and+the+Kingdom+of+Hungary+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.volume=XIII&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=59-78&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1331-5595&rft.aulast=Kova%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Davor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D101880%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzabó2005" class="citation journal cs1">Szabó, Miklós (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102212334/https://www.idn.gov.pt/publicacoes/nacaodefesa/textointegral/NeD110.pdf">"Establishment of the Hungarian Air Force and the Activity of the Hungarian Royal <i>Honvéd</i> Air Force in World War II Respectively"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nação e Defesa</i>. 3. <b>110</b>. <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Póvoa de Santo Adrião</a>, Portugal: Europress: 191–210. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0870-757X">0870-757X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idn.gov.pt/publicacoes/nacaodefesa/textointegral/NeD110.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Na%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e+Defesa&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+the+Hungarian+Air+Force+and+the+Activity+of+the+Hungarian+Royal+Honv%C3%A9d+Air+Force+in+World+War+II+Respectively&rft.volume=110&rft.pages=191-210&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0870-757X&rft.aulast=Szab%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Mikl%C3%B3s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idn.gov.pt%2Fpublicacoes%2Fnacaodefesa%2Ftextointegral%2FNeD110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Websites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB92_26_June_2013" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2013&mm=06&dd=26&nav_id=86754">"Hungarian president apologizes for crimes"</a>. <i>B92</i>. 26 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B92&rft.atitle=Hungarian+president+apologizes+for+crimes&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b92.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fpolitics.php%3Fyyyy%3D2013%26mm%3D06%26dd%3D26%26nav_id%3D86754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+occupation+of+Yugoslav+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&oldid=1255036131">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories&oldid=1255036131</a>"</div></div> <div 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