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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Hindu_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Hindu_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In Hindu texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Hindu_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Buddhist_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Buddhist_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Buddhist texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Buddhist_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rishi_in_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rishi_in_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rishi in Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rishi_in_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruesi_in_Cambodia,_Thailand,_Myanmar_and_Laos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruesi_in_Cambodia,_Thailand,_Myanmar_and_Laos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ruesi in Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruesi_in_Cambodia,_Thailand,_Myanmar_and_Laos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rishi</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="ريشي (الهند) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريشي (الهند)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF" title="ঋষি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঋষি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Арши – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Арши" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%A1i" title="Rši – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rši" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ریشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF" title="ઋષિ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઋષિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%89%AC" title="리쉬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리쉬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="ऋषि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऋषि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resi" title="Resi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%9A%E1%B9%A3i" title="Ṛṣi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ṛṣi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="רישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF" title="ಋಷಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಋಷಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5" title="ລືສີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລືສີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%A1is" title="Rišis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rišis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi_(vall%C3%A1s)" title="Risi (vallás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Risi (vallás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF" title="ഋഷി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഋഷി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="ऋषी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऋषी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resi" title="Resi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Resi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7" title="ရသေ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရသေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="ऋषि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ऋषि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="ऋषि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ऋषि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7" title="リシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਿਸ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਸ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="رشی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رشی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszi" title="Ryszi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryszi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rixi" title="Rixi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rixi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Риши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="ऋषिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ऋषिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="رشي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رشي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%A1i" title="Riši – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Riši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rishi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BF" title="ரிஷி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிஷி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Риши – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Риши" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8B%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF" title="ఋషి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఋషి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A4%E0%B9%85%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B5" title="ฤๅษี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฤๅษี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96" title="Ріші – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ріші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="رشی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%99_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="仙 (印度) – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="仙 (印度)" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="仙人 (印度神话) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="仙人 (印度神话)" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sanskrit term for a sage in Indian religions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, see <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rishi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rishi (disambiguation)">Rishi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg/205px-Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg/307px-Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg/410px-Manu_and_Saptarishi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>A late 18th century painting of <a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a> and Manu from <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a>, a <i><b>rishi</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">ऋषि</span> <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṛṣi</i></span></i>) is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various <a href="/wiki/Vedic_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic text">Vedic texts</a>. Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. The Post-Vedic tradition of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> regards the rishis as "great <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogis</a>" or "sages" who after intense meditation (<a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Sanskrit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapas (Sanskrit)">tapas</a>) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns.<sup id="cite_ref-scharfe13_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scharfe13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term appears in <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> literature as Ishi; in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> they can be either <a href="/wiki/Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhas">Buddhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratyekabuddha">Paccekabuddhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arahats</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">monk</a> of high rank. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Indian tradition, the word may be derived from two different meanings of the root 'rsh' (<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṛṣ</i></span>). Sanskrit grammarians<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derive this word from the second meaning: "to go, to move".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V. S. Apte<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives this particular meaning and derivation, and <a href="/wiki/Monier-Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams</a><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also gives the same, with some qualification. </p><p>Another form of this root means "to flow, to move near by flowing". (All the meanings and derivations cited above are based upon <i>Sanskrit English Dictionary</i> of Monier-Williams).<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monier-Williams also quotes Tārānātha who compiled the great (Sanskrit-to-Sanskrit) dictionary named "ṛṣati jñānena saṃsāra-pāram" (i.e., "one who reaches beyond this mundane world by means of spiritual knowledge"). </p><p>Before Monier-Williams' work was published, <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81ska" title="Yāska">Yāska</a> suggested it came from "drish" and quotes Aupamanyava to support his opinion. </p><p>However, the root has a close <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> cognate <i>ərəšiš</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "an <a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">ecstatic</a>" (see also <a href="/wiki/Yurodivy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurodivy">Yurodivy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a>). Yet the Indo-European dictionary of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Pokorny" title="Julius Pokorny">Julius Pokorny</a> connects the word to a PIE root <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*h<sub>3</sub>er-s</span></span></i> meaning "rise, protrude", in the sense of "excellent" and thus cognate with <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Ata" title="Ṛta">Ṛta</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rightness" class="extiw" title="wikt:rightness">right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Asha</a>. In Sanskrit, forms of the root <i>rish</i> become <i>arsh-</i> in many words, (e.g., <i>arsh</i>) </p><p>Modern etymological explanations such as by <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Mayrhofer" title="Manfred Mayrhofer">Manfred Mayrhofer</a> in his <i>Etymological Dictionary</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leave the case open, and do not prefer a connection to <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṛṣ</i></span></i> "pour, flow" (<a href="/wiki/PIE" class="mw-redirect" title="PIE">PIE</a> <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*h<sub>1</sub>ers</span></span></i>), rather one with German <i>rasen</i> "to be ecstatic, be in a different state of mind" (and perhaps Lithuanian <i>aršus</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Hindu_texts">In Hindu texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Hindu texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rishi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rishi.jpg/220px-Rishi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rishi.jpg/330px-Rishi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rishi.jpg/440px-Rishi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>A temple relief showing a Rishi.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, the word denotes an inspired poet of Vedic hymns.<sup id="cite_ref-scharfe13_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scharfe13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, Ṛṣi refers to the authors of the hymns of the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>. Some of the earliest lists of <i>Rishi</i> are found in Jaiminiya Brahmana verse 2.218 and <a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka Upanishad</a> verse 2.2.4.<sup id="cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmcdaniel309-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Post-Vedic tradition regards the Rishis as "sages" or <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, constituting a peculiar class of divine human beings in the early mythical system, as distinct from <a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> and mortal men. <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a> described "Rishi"s as <i>Mantra-drashtas</i> or "the seers of thought". He told— "The truth came to the Rishis of India — the Mantra-drashtâs, the seers of thought — and will come to all Rishis in the future, not to talkers, not to book-swallowers, not to scholars, not to philologists, but to seers of thought."<sup id="cite_ref-Swami_Vivekananda_on_Rishis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami_Vivekananda_on_Rishis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a> mentions female rishikas such as Romasha, <a href="/wiki/Lopamudra" title="Lopamudra">Lopamudra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadru" title="Kadru">Kadru</a>, Visvavara, <a href="/wiki/Ghosha" title="Ghosha">Ghosha</a>, Juhu, Vagambhrini, Paulomi, <a href="/wiki/Yami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami">Yami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Indrani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savitri_and_Satyavan" title="Savitri and Satyavan">Savitri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devayani" title="Devayani">Devayani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sama_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama Veda">Sama Veda</a> adds Nodha, Akrishtabhasha, Sikatanivavari and Gaupayana. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> 12, on the other hand, there is the post-Vedic list of <a href="/wiki/Marichi" title="Marichi">Marīci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulaha" title="Pulaha">Pulaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kratu" title="Kratu">Kratu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulastya" title="Pulastya">Pulastya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vashista" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashista">Vashista</a>. The Mahābhārata list explicitly refers to the saptarshis of the first <a href="/wiki/Manvantara" title="Manvantara">manvantara</a><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not to those of the present manvantara. Each manvantara had a unique set of saptarshi. In Harivamsha 417ff, the names of the Rishis of each manvantara are enumerated. </p><p>In addition to the Sapta<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rṣi</i></span>, there are other classifications of sages. In descending order of precedence, they are <a href="/wiki/Brahmarshi" title="Brahmarshi">Brahmarshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharshi">Maharshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajarshi" title="Rajarshi">Rajarshi</a>. Deva<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rṣi</i></span>, Param<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rṣi</i></span>, Shruta<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rṣi</i></span> and Kānda<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rṣi</i></span> are added in Manusmriti iv-94 and xi-236 and in two dramas of Kālidasa. </p><p>The Chaturvarga-Chintāmani of Hemādri puts '<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">riṣi</i></span>' at the seventh place in the eightfold division of Brāhmanas. <a href="/wiki/Amarakosha" title="Amarakosha">Amarakosha</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the famous Sanskrit synonym lexicon compiled by Amarasimha) mentions seven types of <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">riṣi</i></span>s : Shrutarshi, Kāndarshi, Paramarshi, Maharshi, Rājarshi, Brahmarshi and Devarshi. Amarakosha strictly distinguishes Rishi from other types of sages, such as sanyāsi, <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">bhikṣu</i></span>, parivrājaka, tapasvi, muni, brahmachāri, yati, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Buddhist_texts">In Buddhist texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Buddhist texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term Rishi found mentions throughout the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>, they are known as "Isi"s. A Rishi can also be called a Buddha, Paccekabuddha, Arhat or monk of high rank. In <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Buddhist Pali literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> is called many times as "Mahesi"(Pali; Sanskrit: Maharṣi; meaning the greatest sage).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Isigili Sutta in <a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a>, mentions the name of Five hundred Rishis (Paccekabuddhas). The Buddhist text, <a href="/wiki/Mahamayuri" title="Mahamayuri">Mahamayuri Tantra</a>, written during 1–3rd centuries CE, mentions Rishis throughout <a href="/wiki/Jambudvipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambudvipa">Jambudvipa</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>) and invokes them for the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhadharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhadharma">Buddhadharma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Jatakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatakas">Jatakas</a> also mentions various Rishis. The Naḷinikā Jātaka (Jā 526) introduces a <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">past life of the Buddha</a>, a Rishi(Isi), living alone in the Himālayas. His son, who was also a Rishi, was named <a href="/wiki/Rishyasringa" title="Rishyasringa">Isisiṅga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>; Sanskrit:<i>Ṛṣyaśṛṅga</i>). The Agastya Jataka (Sanskrit; Pali: Akitta Jataka) story, mentions <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a>, named Agastya(Sanskrit; Pali: Akkhata) as Rishi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rishi_in_Indonesia">Rishi in Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rishi in Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most medieval era <a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Hindu temples of Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> show Rishi <a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a> statues or reliefs, usually guarding the southern side of <a href="/wiki/Shaivite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaivite">Shaivite</a> temples.<sup id="cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmcdaniel309-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some examples include <a href="/wiki/Candi_Sambisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Candi Sambisari">Candi Sambisari</a> and the Prambanan temple near <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruesi_in_Cambodia,_Thailand,_Myanmar_and_Laos"><span id="Ruesi_in_Cambodia.2C_Thailand.2C_Myanmar_and_Laos"></span>Ruesi in Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ruesi in Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg/200px-2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg/300px-2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg/400px-2013_Wat_Suan_Tan_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>A statue of a Ruesi at Wat Suan Tan in <a href="/wiki/Nan,_Thailand" title="Nan, Thailand">Nan, Thailand</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ruesi</b> (Sanskrit: <i>ṛṣi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">តាឥសី</span>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ฤๅษี</span>, <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ລືສີ</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_spiritual_teachers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of types of spiritual teachers">sage</a>, the equivalent of Rishi in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, there are some known as ရေသ့ <i>Rase</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Rishi Akkhata(Pali; Sanskrit: Agastya), known as Phra Reusi Akkhot in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, is an important Ruesi in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, as in the <a href="/wiki/Jataka_tales" title="Jataka tales">Buddhist Jataka scriptures</a>, this Ruesi is mentioned as the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhisatta">bodhisatta</a> and practiced his ascetism in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmcdaniel309-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veneration of Ruesis is a notable practice in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Buddhism">Southeast Asian Buddhism</a>. The name "Rishi" (pronounced "ruesi") is also the basis of one of the letters of the <a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai alphabet</a>, <i>so reu-si</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ษ ฤๅษี</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rishi is also a <a href="/wiki/Rishi_(given_name)" title="Rishi (given name)">male given name</a>, and less commonly a Brahmin last name. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a>, "Rishi" is the seventh <i>chakra</i> (group) of <a href="/wiki/Melakarta" title="Melakarta">Melakarta</a> <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">ragas</a>. The names of <i>chakras</i> are based on the numbers associated with each name. In this case, there are <a href="/wiki/Seven_rishis" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven rishis">seven rishis</a> and hence the 7th <i>chakra</i> is "Rishi".<sup id="cite_ref-sim_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sim-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ragas_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ragas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The descendant families of these Rishis, refer to their ancestral lineage through their family "<a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">gotra</a>". This is a common practice among the Brahmin sects of the current Hindu society. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devarishi" title="Devarishi">Devarishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Panchami" title="Rishi Panchami">Rishi Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikas" title="Rishikas">Rishikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabha_(Hinduism)" title="Rishabha (Hinduism)">Rishabha (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Rishabhanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravaras" title="Pravaras">Pravaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sramana">Sramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apaurusheyatva" class="mw-redirect" title="Apaurusheyatva">Apaurusheyatva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kavi (disambiguation)">Kavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara_(Buddhism)" title="Vidyadhara (Buddhism)">Vidyadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weizza" title="Weizza">Weizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Xian</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scharfe13-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scharfe13_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scharfe13_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmut Scharfe (2002), Handbook of Oriental Studies, BRILL Academic, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004125568" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004125568">978-9004125568</a>, pp. 13–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>cf.</i> Commentary on <i><a href="/wiki/Unadi-Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Unadi-Sutra">Unadi-Sutra</a></i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply either |first= / |last=, an organizational author with |author=, or use |author= for intentional omission.">author missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need the year this event took place (October 2017)">year needed</span></a></i>]</sup> iv, 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dhātupāṭha of Pānini, xxviii). V. S. Apte</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. S. Apte (Sanskrit-Hindi Kosh, 1890, reprint 1997 by Motilāl Banārasidās Publishers, Delhi)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier-Williams1899" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams, Monier</a> (1899), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/"><i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i></a>, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 226</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Monier-Williams&rft.aufirst=Monier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fsripedia%2Febooks%2Fmw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a> 31.5; cf. 40.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen</i>, Heidelberg 1986, I 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jmcdaniel309-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmcdaniel309_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin McDaniel (2013), This Hindu holy man is a Thai Buddhist, South East Asia Research, Volume 21, Number 2, page 309, 303-321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swami_Vivekananda_on_Rishis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swami_Vivekananda_on_Rishis_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619214211/http://www.swamivivekanandaquotes.org/2014/03/swami-vivekanandas-quotes-on-rishis-and-sages.html">"Swami Vivekananda on Rishis"</a>. Swami Vivekananda Quotes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swamivivekanandaquotes.org/2014/03/swami-vivekanandas-quotes-on-rishis-and-sages.html">the original</a> on 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda+on+Rishis&rft.pub=Swami+Vivekananda+Quotes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swamivivekanandaquotes.org%2F2014%2F03%2Fswami-vivekanandas-quotes-on-rishis-and-sages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810021917/http://www.speakingtree.in/spiritual-blogs/masters/philosophy/rshik-s-of-the-rgveda-214571">"Rshikäs of the Rgveda Blog by Swamini Atmaprajnananda Saraswati"</a>. 10 August 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speakingtree.in/spiritual-blogs/masters/philosophy/rshik-s-of-the-rgveda-214571">the original</a> on 10 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rshik%C3%A4s+of+the+Rgveda+Blog+by+Swamini+Atmaprajnananda+Saraswati&rft.date=2015-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakingtree.in%2Fspiritual-blogs%2Fmasters%2Fphilosophy%2Frshik-s-of-the-rgveda-214571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amarakosha (2.7.41–42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.wisdomlib.org2014" class="citation web cs1">www.wisdomlib.org (3 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maheshi">"Maheshi, Mahesi, Māheśī, Maheśī: 4 definitions"</a>. <i>www.wisdomlib.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wisdomlib.org&rft.atitle=Maheshi%2C+Mahesi%2C+M%C4%81he%C5%9B%C4%AB%2C+Mahe%C5%9B%C4%AB%3A+4+definitions&rft.date=2014-08-03&rft.au=www.wisdomlib.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdomlib.org%2Fdefinition%2Fmaheshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mahamayurividyarajni.wordpress.com/2012/06/10/mahamayuri/">Translated into English by Cheng Yew Chung based on Amoghavajra’s Chinese Translation (Taisho Volume 19, Number 982) </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maud Girard-Geslan et al (1997), Art of Southeast Asia, Harry Abrams, Paris, page 350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sim-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sim_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>South Indian Music</i> Book III, by Prof. P Sambamoorthy, Published 1973, The Indian Music Publishing House</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ragas-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ragas_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ragas in Carnatic music</i> by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApte1965" class="citation cs2">Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), <i>The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i> (Fourth Revised and Enlarged ed.), New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0567-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0567-5"><bdi>978-81-208-0567-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Practical+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=Fourth+Revised+and+Enlarged&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0567-5&rft.aulast=Apte&rft.aufirst=Vaman+Shivram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApte1966" class="citation cs2">Apte, Vaman Shivram (1966), <i>Sanskrit-Hindi <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Koṣa</i></span></i> (Reprint 1997 ed.), New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanskrit-Hindi+%3Cspan+title%3D%22International+Alphabet+of+Sanskrit+transliteration%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22sa-Latn%22%3EKo%E1%B9%A3a%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=Reprint+1997&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Apte&rft.aufirst=Vaman+Shivram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopra2006" class="citation cs2">Chopra, Deepak (2006), <i>Life After Death: The Burden of Proof</i> (first ed.), Boston: Harmony Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+After+Death%3A+The+Burden+of+Proof&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Chopra&rft.aufirst=Deepak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosambi1956" class="citation cs2">Kosambi, D. D. (1956), <i>An Introduction to the Study of Indian History</i> (Second ed.), Bombay: Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 35c Tardeo Road, Popular Press Bldg, Bombay-400034</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+Indian+History&rft.place=Bombay&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan+Pvt+Ltd%2C+35c+Tardeo+Road%2C+Popular+Press+Bldg%2C+Bombay-400034&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Kosambi&rft.aufirst=D.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŚāstri1978" class="citation cs2">Śāstri, Hargovind (1978), <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Amarkoṣa</i></span> with Hindi commentary</i>, Vārānasi: Chowkhambā Sanskrit Series Office</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22International+Alphabet+of+Sanskrit+transliteration%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22sa-Latn%22%3EAmarko%E1%B9%A3a%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E+with+Hindi+commentary&rft.place=V%C4%81r%C4%81nasi&rft.pub=Chowkhamb%C4%81+Sanskrit+Series+Office&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=%C5%9A%C4%81stri&rft.aufirst=Hargovind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARishi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speakingtree.in/public/spiritual-blogs/masters/philosophy/rshik-s-of-the-rgveda-214571">Rishikas of the Rigveda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rishi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/rishi" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/rishi"><i>rishi</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rishi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rishi">Rishi</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">1st (Svayambhuva) <a href="/wiki/Manvantara" title="Manvantara">Manvantara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marichi" title="Marichi">Marichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaha" title="Pulaha">Pulaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratu" title="Kratu">Kratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulastya" title="Pulastya">Pulastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">2nd (Svarocisha) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urja" class="mw-redirect" title="Urja">Urja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stambha_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stambha (sage) (page does not exist)">Stambha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prana_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prana (sage) (page does not exist)">Prana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dattoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dattoli (page does not exist)">Dattoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabha_(Hinduism)" title="Rishabha (Hinduism)">Rishabha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nischara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nischara (page does not exist)">Nischara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvarivat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvarivat (page does not exist)">Arvarivat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">3rd (Uttama) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukundihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukundihi (page does not exist)">Kaukundihi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurundi (page does not exist)">Kurundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalaya (page does not exist)">Dalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankha (page does not exist)">Sankha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravahita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravahita (page does not exist)">Pravahita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mita_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mita (sage) (page does not exist)">Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sammita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sammita (page does not exist)">Sammita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">4th (Tapasa) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotirdhama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotirdhama (page does not exist)">Jyotirdhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavya_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavya (sage) (page does not exist)">Kavya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaitra_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaitra (sage) (page does not exist)">Chaitra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agni_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agni (sage) (page does not exist)">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanaka (page does not exist)">Vanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivara_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivara (sage) (page does not exist)">Pivara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">5th (Raivata) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirannyaroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirannyaroma (page does not exist)">Hirannyaroma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedasri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedasri (page does not exist)">Vedasri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urddhabahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urddhabahu (page does not exist)">Urddhabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedabahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedabahu (page does not exist)">Vedabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudhaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudhaman (page does not exist)">Sudhaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parjanya" title="Parjanya">Parjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahamuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahamuni (page does not exist)">Mahamuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">6th (Cakshusha) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumedhas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumedhas (page does not exist)">Sumedhas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virajas (page does not exist)">Virajas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Havishmat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Havishmat (page does not exist)">Havishmat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttama_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttama (sage) (page does not exist)">Uttama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhu_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhu (sage) (page does not exist)">Madhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhinaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhinaman (page does not exist)">Abhinaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahishnnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahishnnu (page does not exist)">Sahishnnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">7th (Vaivasvata) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Maharishi" title="Gautama Maharishi">Gautama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Kumaras" title="Four Kumaras">Four Kumaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnivesha" title="Agnivesha">Agnivesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astika_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika (Hinduism)">Astika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvan" title="Atharvan">Atharvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atreya" title="Atreya">Atreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aupamanyava" title="Aupamanyava">Aupamanyava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurva" title="Aurva">Aurva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatsara" title="Avatsara">Avatsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrigu" title="Bhrigu">Bhrigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhringi" title="Bhringi">Bhringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmarshi" title="Brahmarshi">Brahmarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chyavana" title="Chyavana">Chyavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadhichi" title="Dadhichi">Dadhichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devala" title="Devala">Devala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirghatamas" title="Dirghatamas">Dirghatamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasa" title="Durvasa">Durvasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garga_(sage)" title="Garga (sage)">Garga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritsamada" title="Gritsamada">Gritsamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahnu" title="Jahnu">Jahnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mimansa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Kambhoja" title="Sage Kambhoja">Kambhoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambu_Swayambhuva" title="Kambu Swayambhuva">Kambu Swayambhuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaṇāda (philosopher)">Kanada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva" title="Kanva">Kanva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindama" title="Kindama">Kindama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutsa" title="Kutsa">Kutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomasha" title="Lomasha">Lomasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandavya" title="Mandavya">Mandavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeya" title="Markandeya">Markandeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendra">Matsyendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrikanda" title="Mrikanda">Mrikanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachiketa" title="Nachiketa">Nachiketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashara" title="Parashara">Parashara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajarshi" title="Rajarshi">Rajarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renukacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Renukacharya">Renukacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishyasringa" title="Rishyasringa">Rishyasringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakayanya" title="Sakayanya">Sakayanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandipani" title="Sandipani">Sandipani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankriti" title="Sankriti">Sankriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukra" title="Shukra">Shukra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuka" title="Shuka">Shuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upamanyu" title="Upamanyu">Upamanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisampayana" title="Vaisampayana">Vaisampayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vartantu">Vartantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhandaka" title="Vibhandaka">Vibhandaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rishis" title="Category:Rishis">Other Hindu sages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rigveda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rigveda" title="Template:Rigveda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rigveda" title="Template talk:Rigveda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rigveda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rigveda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rigveda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandalas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_1" title="Mandala 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_2" title="Mandala 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_3" title="Mandala 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_4" title="Mandala 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_5" title="Mandala 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_6" title="Mandala 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_7" title="Mandala 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_8" title="Mandala 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_9" title="Mandala 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_10" title="Mandala 10">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Soma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushas" title="Ushas">Ushas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvedevas" title="Visvedevas">Visvedevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruts" title="Maruts">Maruts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvashtr" title="Tvashtr">Tvashtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribhus" title="Ribhus">Ribhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushan" title="Pushan">Pushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitra_(Hindu_god)" title="Mitra (Hindu god)">Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryaman" title="Aryaman">Aryaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vritra" title="Vritra">Vritra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susna" title="Susna">Susna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_(Asura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danu (Asura)">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danavas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_rivers" title="Rigvedic rivers">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Sindhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapta Sindhu">Sapta Sindhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadistuti_sukta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadistuti sukta">Nadistuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Sindhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarayu_(Rigvedic_river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarayu (Rigvedic river)">Sarayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras%C4%81" title="Rasā">Rasā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavyavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavyavati">Yavyavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishadvati_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Drishadvati river">Drishadvati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rishis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gritsamada" title="Gritsamada">Gritsamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamadeva" title="Vamadeva">Vamadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a 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