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href="#Folk_revival_of_the_mid-20th_century_in_the_English-speaking_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Folk revival of the mid-20th century in the English-speaking countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Folk_revival_of_the_mid-20th_century_in_the_English-speaking_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Folk revival of the mid-20th century in the English-speaking countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Folk_revival_of_the_mid-20th_century_in_the_English-speaking_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_mid-1960s_through_the_early_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_mid-1960s_through_the_early_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The mid-1960s through the early 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_mid-1960s_through_the_early_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-1970s_through_present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-1970s_through_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mid-1970s through present day</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mid-1970s_through_present_day-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mid-1970s through present day subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mid-1970s_through_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specialty_subgenres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialty_subgenres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Specialty subgenres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialty_subgenres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electronic folk music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_folk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_folk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Country folk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_folk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_contemporary_folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_contemporary_folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>European contemporary folk music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_contemporary_folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Contemporary folk music</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="موسيقى شعبية معاصرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسيقى شعبية معاصرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonerezh_folk_a-vrema%C3%B1" title="Sonerezh folk a-vremañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sonerezh folk a-vremañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk" title="Folk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Folk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%B3%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BA_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Σύγχρονη φολκ μουσική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύγχρονη φολκ μουσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_folk" title="Música folk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música folk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_contemporain" title="Folk contemporain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Folk contemporain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%AC_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="포크 음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포크 음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_Rakyat_(genre_musik)" title="Musik Rakyat (genre musik) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musik Rakyat (genre musik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk" title="Folk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Folk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="フォークソング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォークソング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyka_folkowa" title="Muzyka folkowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzyka folkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_contempor%C3%A2neo" title="Folk contemporâneo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folk contemporâneo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_folk" title="Muzică folk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muzică folk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фолк-музыка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фолк-музыка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk" title="Folk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Folk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Савремена фолк музика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Савремена фолк музика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_muzika" title="Folk muzika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Folk muzika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkmusiikki" title="Folkmusiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Folkmusiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Contemporary folk music</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/220px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/440px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a> at the Clearwater Festival 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Folk music, folk revival music</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of England">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachian folk music">Appalachian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic folk">Celtic</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">old-time music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Early 20th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">See <a href="/wiki/Folk_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk instruments">folk instruments</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">country folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">nerd-folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">filk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">folk baroque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">folk-pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">folktronica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz folk">jazz folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">List of folk music traditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk blues">folk blues</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Contemporary folk music</b> refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid-20th century and afterwards which were associated with <a href="/wiki/Traditional_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional folk music">traditional folk music</a>. Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. The most common name for this new form of music is also "folk music", but is often called "contemporary folk music" or "folk revival music" to make the distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutDefinition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutDefinition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transition was somewhat centered in the United States and is also called the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fusion genres such as <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> and others also evolved within this phenomenon. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, it often shares the same English name, performers and venues as traditional folk music; even individual songs may be a blend of the two. </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a> of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>, the "second folk revival" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. Major performers who emerged from the 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, the folk revival fostered a generation of musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a>, Richard Thompson, <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Carthy" title="Martin Carthy">Martin Carthy</a>, and Pentangle, who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The folk revival spawned <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a>. </p><p>The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time. Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Collins" title="Judy Collins">Judy Collins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. During this period, the term "protest music" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The Canadian performers <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cockburn" title="Bruce Cockburn">Bruce Cockburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S. Starting in the 1970s folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Joni Mitchell, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Chapin" title="Harry Chapin">Harry Chapin</a>. </p><p>Other subgenres of folk include <a href="/wiki/Anti_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti folk">anti folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">folktronica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">freak folk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a> and fusion genres such as <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definitions of "contemporary folk music" are generally vague and variable.<sup id="cite_ref-NERevival_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NERevival-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, it is taken to mean all music that is called folk that is not <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">traditional folk music</a>, but rather, a set of genres that began with and then evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Folk_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk revival">folk revival</a> of the mid-20th century. According to musician and singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blumenfeld" title="Hugh Blumenfeld">Hugh Blumenfeld</a>, for the American folk scene, "it's not just about the music. The definitions are political, social, and economic as well as aesthetic. But if it can't be defined, we can at least describe what people who consider themselves folk music fans generally listen to."<sup id="cite_ref-blumen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blumen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he considers folk music to be difficult to define, Blumenfeld lists some observed consistencies:<sup id="cite_ref-blumen_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blumen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In general, it is <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">Anglo-American</a>, embracing <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">acoustic</a> and/or tradition-based music from the U.K. and the United States.</li> <li>Musically, it is mainly Western European in its origins; linguistically, it is predominantly English-based. Other musical modes and languages, rightly or wrongly, tend to get separated out and grouped under "<a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World Music</a>", even if they are considered traditional within their respective cultures.</li> <li>The few exceptions to this model are derived mainly from prevailing political/historical conditions in the Anglo-American world and the demographics of folk fans: <a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, some Central and South American music, <a href="/wiki/Native_american_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Native american music">Native American music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_revival_of_the_mid-20th_century_in_the_English-speaking_countries">Folk revival of the mid-20th century in the English-speaking countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Folk revival of the mid-20th century in the English-speaking countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg/220px-Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg/330px-Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg/440px-Woody_Guthrie_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="2907" /></a><figcaption>Woody Guthrie</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music#Fieldwork_and_scholarship" title="Folk music">Folk music § Fieldwork and scholarship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a></div> <p>Beginning in the post World War II era, folk revivals occurred in Europe, Canada, and the United States, and developed through the 1960s, with the subject matter of this music influenced by the political and social climates of the day. According to <i>The North American Folk Music Revival</i>, "the folk music revival began... as a North Eastern American urban phenomenon, and spread from city to city throughout the entire continent and beyond, to Western Europe", with "enthusiasts" generally being middle-class university students. While instrumentation of folk music varies across countries and regions, music of the North American folk revival tended to use "acoustic guitar, harmonica, banjo, mandolin, autoharp, violin, and accordion".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Romantic nationalism of the folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the "second folk revival" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. This is the genre that remains as "contemporary folk music" even when traditional music is considered to be a separate genre. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. Among Guthrie's friends and followers as a collector, performer, and composer was <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>. </p><p>Notable figures of the American folk revival include <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cotten" title="Elizabeth Cotten">Elizabeth Cotten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a>. Cotten, a guitar and banjo player who developed the "Cotten style" of guitar fingerpicking, released her first album, <i>Freight Train and Other North Carolina Folk Songs and Tune,</i> in 1958 with the help of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Seeger" title="Mike Seeger">Mike Seeger</a>, which also illuminates the use of guitars tuned to open keys, another common element found in folk music.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odetta, who is known for blending her operatic vocal background with blues and folk songs, was notably active in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>, which is reflected in her music.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Cotten and Odetta performed at the first <a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a>. </p><p>In the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a>, in the 1940s <a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a>, in the early 1950s Seeger's group <a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">the Weavers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, and in the late 1950s <a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">the Kingston Trio</a> as well as other professional, commercial groups became popular. Some who defined commercialization as the beginning of this phase consider the commercial hit <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dooley_(song)" title="Tom Dooley (song)">Tom Dooley</a></i> by the Kingston Trio in 1958 as marking the beginning of this era.<sup id="cite_ref-NERevival_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NERevival-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963–1964, the ABC television network aired the <i><a href="/wiki/Hootenanny_(US_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hootenanny (US TV series)">Hootenanny</a></i> television series devoted to this brand of folk music and also published the associated magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Linda_Solomon" title="Linda Solomon">ABC-TV Hootenanny</a></i>. Starting in 1950, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Out!" title="Sing Out!">Sing Out!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Broadside_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadside Magazine">Broadside</a></i>, and <i>The Little Sandy Review</i> magazines helped spread both traditional and composed songs, as did folk-revival-oriented record companies. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the folk revival fostered young artists like <a href="/wiki/The_Watersons" title="The Watersons">the Watersons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Carthy" title="Martin Carthy">Martin Carthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Bailey_(folk_singer)" title="Roy Bailey (folk singer)">Roy Bailey</a> and a generation of singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Bert_Jansch" title="Bert Jansch">Bert Jansch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McTell" title="Ralph McTell">Ralph McTell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Harper_(singer)" title="Roy Harper (singer)">Roy Harper</a>; all seven achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a> visited <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> for some time in the early 1960s, the first two especially making later use of the traditional English material they heard. </p><p>In 1950, prominent American folklorist and collector of traditional songs <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> came to Britain and met <a href="/wiki/A.L._Lloyd" class="mw-redirect" title="A.L. Lloyd">A. L. 'Bert' Lloyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a>, a meeting credited as inaugurating the second British folk revival. In London, the colleagues opened the Ballads and Blues Club, eventually renamed the Singers' Club, possibly the first <a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">folk club</a> in the UK; it closed in 1991. As the 1950s progressed into the 1960s, the folk revival movement gathered momentum in both Britain and America. </p><p>In much of rural Canada, traditional and country-folk music were the predominant styles of music until the 1950s, ahead even of the globally popular jazz and swing. Traditional folk took this predominance into early Canadian television with many country-themed shows on its early airwaves. <i><a href="/wiki/All_Around_the_Circle" title="All Around the Circle">All Around the Circle</a></i> (1964–1975) showcased the traditional Irish- and English-derived music of Newfoundland, for example. But by far the most important of these was <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Messer%27s_Jubilee" title="Don Messer's Jubilee">Don Messer's Jubilee</a></i> (1957–1973), which helped to bridge the gap between rural country-folk and the folk revival that was emerging from urban coffee shops and folk clubs. The show helped to launch the careers of country-folk singers <a href="/wiki/Stompin%27_Tom_Connors" title="Stompin' Tom Connors">Stompin' Tom Connors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_McKinnon" title="Catherine McKinnon">Catherine McKinnon</a>. </p><p>The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_%26_Sylvia" title="Ian & Sylvia">Ian & Sylvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, Quebec folk singer-songwriters like <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Vigneault" title="Gilles Vigneault">Gilles Vigneault</a> and groups such as <a href="/wiki/La_Bottine_Souriante" title="La Bottine Souriante">La Bottine Souriante</a> were doing the same in the French-speaking world. English-speaking Canadian folk artists tended to move the United States to pursue larger audiences until the introduction of so-called "<a href="/wiki/Canadian_content" title="Canadian content">Canadian content</a>" rules for radio and television in the 1970s. At the same time, Canadian folk music became more formalized and commercialized with the rise of specialized <a href="/wiki/Folk_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk festival">folk festivals</a> (beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_Folksong_Festival" title="Miramichi Folksong Festival">Miramichi Folksong Festival</a> in 1958), increased radio airplay on rock, pop, and easy listening radio stations, the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Juno_Award_for_Folk_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year">Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year</a> in 1971, and even an <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Folk_Music_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Folk Music Journal">Canadian Folk Music Journal</a></i> in 1973. The mid- and late 1960s saw fusion forms of folk (such as folk rock) achieve prominence never before seen by folk music, but the early 1960s were perhaps the zenith of non-fusion folk music prominence in the music scene. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, folk music reflected social realities of poverty and disempowerment of common people through vernacularized lyrics expressing the harsh realities of hard times and poverty. Often newly composed songs in traditional style by writers like Guthrie also featured a humorous and satirical tone. Most of the audience for folk music in those years were part of the working class, and many of these songs expressed resistance to the social order and an anger towards the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis161-178_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis161-178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_mid-1960s_through_the_early_1970s">The mid-1960s through the early 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The mid-1960s through the early 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg/220px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg/330px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg/440px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="2049" /></a><figcaption>Joan Baez and Bob Dylan during the civil rights "<a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>", August 28, 1963.</figcaption></figure> <p>The large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes most associated with "the 60s" occurred during the second half of the decade and the first year or two of the 1970s. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time. Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, <a href="/wiki/The_Seekers" title="The Seekers">the Seekers</a> and Peter Paul and Mary, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. Much of this evolution began in the early 1960s and emerged into prominence in the mid and late 1960s. One performance "crucible" for this evolution was <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> New York. Dylan's use of electric instruments helped inaugurate the genres of <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">country rock</a>, particularly by his album <i><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Harding" title="John Wesley Harding">John Wesley Harding</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-turnSG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turnSG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_54_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_54-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These changes represented a further departure from traditional folk music. <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> with hits such as Seeger's "<a href="/wiki/Turn!_Turn!_Turn!_(To_Everything_There_Is_A_Season)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is A Season)">Turn! Turn! Turn!</a>" were emblematic of a new term <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barry_McGuire" title="Barry McGuire">Barry McGuire</a> left <a href="/wiki/The_New_Christy_Minstrels" title="The New Christy Minstrels">the New Christy Minstrels</a> and recorded "<a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Destruction_(song)" title="Eve of Destruction (song)">Eve of Destruction</a>" in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other performers such as <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mamas_%26_the_Papas" title="The Mamas & the Papas">the Mamas & the Papas</a> created new, hard-to-classify music that was folk-inflected and often included in discussions of folk rock.<sup id="cite_ref-turnSG_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turnSG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, the term "protest music" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The convergence of the civil rights movement and folk music on the college campus led to the popularity of artists like Bob Dylan and his brand of protest music.<sup id="cite_ref-Prentice_Hall_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prentice_Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Folk singers and songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlo_Guthrie" title="Arlo Guthrie">Arlo Guthrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a> followed in <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie's</a> footsteps, writing "<a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest music</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Topical_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical song">topical songs</a> and expressing support for various causes including the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil Rights Movement">American Civil Rights Movement</a> and anti-war causes associated with the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_34_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_34-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songs like Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a>" became an anthem for the civil rights movement, and he sang ballads about many other current issues of the time, such as "Hard Rain's Gonna Fall" about the Cuban missile crisis. Dylan is quoted having said "there's other things in this world besides love and sex that're important, too."<sup id="cite_ref-Prentice_Hall_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prentice_Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of performers who had begun their careers singing largely traditional material, as typified by Joan Baez and Judy Collins, began to write their own material. </p><p>The Canadian performers <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cockburn" title="Bruce Cockburn">Bruce Cockburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S.; all four were eventually invested with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>. Many of the <a href="/wiki/Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">acid rock</a> bands of San Francisco began by playing acoustic folk and blues. The <a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers" title="Smothers Brothers">Smothers Brothers</a> television shows featured many folk performers, including the formerly <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">blacklisted</a> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonnie Koloc is a Chicago-based <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a> <a href="/wiki/Singer-songwriter" title="Singer-songwriter">singer-songwriter</a> who made her recording debut in 1971. In 1968 <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Safka" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanie Safka">Melanie</a>, released her first album in 1968 with several popular songs with a folk/pop blend. </p><p>The mid to late Sixties saw the development of <a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a>, with a focus on indigenous (European, and, emblematically, English) songs. A key British folk rock moment was the release of <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Liege_and_Lief" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege and Lief">Liege and Lief</a></i>. Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thompson_(musician)" title="Richard Thompson (musician)">Richard Thompson</a> declared that the music of the band demanded a corresponding "English Electric" style, while bassist <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Hutchings" title="Ashley Hutchings">Ashley Hutchings</a> formed <a href="/wiki/Steeleye_Span" title="Steeleye Span">Steeleye Span</a> to pursue a more traditional repertoire performed in the folk rock style. Following his own departure from the group, Thompson and his wife <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thompson_(singer)" title="Linda Thompson (singer)">Linda</a> released six albums as a duo which integrated <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a>. Fairport Convention, <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stivell" title="Alan Stivell">Alan Stivell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mr._Fox" title="Mr. Fox">Mr. Fox</a>'s work included electrification of traditional musical forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mid-1970s_through_present_day">Mid-1970s through present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mid-1970s through present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in the 1970s, folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Goodman" title="Steve Goodman">Steve Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Chapin" title="Harry Chapin">Harry Chapin</a>, and many more. In the British Isles, <a href="/wiki/The_Pogues" title="The Pogues">the Pogues</a> in the early 1980s and Ireland's <a href="/wiki/The_Corrs" title="The Corrs">the Corrs</a> in the 1990s brought traditional tunes back into the <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> charts. The Corrs were active from 1990 to 2006 and performed Celtic and pop music, and created a blend of the two. <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Newcomer" title="Carrie Newcomer">Carrie Newcomer</a> emerged with Stone Soup in 1984 and has been performing individually since 1991. <a href="/wiki/Brandi_Carlile" title="Brandi Carlile">Brandi Carlile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patty_Griffin" title="Patty Griffin">Patty Griffin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rising_Appalachia" title="Rising Appalachia">Rising Appalachia</a> are popular folk artists <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2019</span>. </p><p>In the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Squares" title="Washington Squares">Washington Squares</a> played "throwback" folk music. <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Vega" title="Suzanne Vega">Suzanne Vega</a> performed folk and protest folk-oriented music.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Knitters" title="The Knitters">The Knitters</a> promulgated <a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">cowpunk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a>, which eventually evolved into <a href="/wiki/Alt_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt country">alt country</a>. More recently the same spirit has been embraced and expanded on by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Stone" title="Miranda Stone">Miranda Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a>. </p><p>In the second half of the 1990s, once more, folk music made an impact on the mainstream music via a younger generation of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Carthy" title="Eliza Carthy">Eliza Carthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Rusby" title="Kate Rusby">Kate Rusby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiers_and_Boden" title="Spiers and Boden">Spiers and Boden</a>. Canada's biggest-selling folk group of the 1990s and 2000s was the Celtic, rock-tinged <a href="/wiki/Great_Big_Sea" title="Great Big Sea">Great Big Sea</a> from Newfoundland, who have had four albums certified platinum in Canada. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(band)" title="Skyclad (band)">Skyclad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waylander_(band)" title="Waylander (band)">Waylander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensiferum" title="Ensiferum">Ensiferum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ithilien_(band)" title="Ithilien (band)">Ithilien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a> meld elements from a wide variety of traditions, including in many cases instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Musical_styles_(violin)#Fiddle" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical styles (violin)">fiddles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle">tin whistles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accordions" class="mw-redirect" title="Accordions">accordions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a> often favours <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a>-inspired themes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a> is defined in its folk stance, incorporating folk interludes into albums (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bergtatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergtatt">Bergtatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kveldssanger" title="Kveldssanger">Kveldssanger</a>, the first two albums by once-folk metal, now-<a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">experimental</a> band <a href="/wiki/Ulver" title="Ulver">Ulver</a>). <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a> a folk rock and indie folk band was formed in 2007 and achieved prominence in 2010. Shenandoah Run formed in 2011 to bring contemporary American folk music of the 1960s to modern listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-SRReference_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRReference-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialty_subgenres">Specialty subgenres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specialty subgenres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a> can be considered folk music stylistically and culturally (though the 'community' it arose from, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">science fiction fandom</a>, is an unusual and thoroughly modern one).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a> began in the 1980s, fusing traditional European folk music with <a href="/wiki/Post-industrial_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-industrial music">post-industrial music</a>, historical topics, philosophical commentary, traditional songs and <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>. The genre is largely European but it also influences other regions. Pagan Folk music is prominent in Germany, the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic countries</a> with singers like David Smith (aka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damh_the_Bard_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damh the Bard (musician) (page does not exist)">Damh the Bard</a>) and Bands like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danheim_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danheim (band) (page does not exist)">Danheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faun_(band)" title="Faun (band)">Faun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omnia_(band)" title="Omnia (band)">Omnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wardruna" title="Wardruna">Wardruna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arkona_(band)" title="Arkona (band)">Arkona</a>. Most bands join the folk genre with other musical genres like metal or <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anti_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti folk">Anti folk</a> began in New York City in the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a>, known in its early days as rogue folk, is a fusion of folk music and punk rock. It was pioneered by the London-based Irish band <a href="/wiki/The_Pogues" title="The Pogues">the Pogues</a> in the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk music</a> is a characterization of folk music normally referred to under other genres, and covers music of or about industrial environments and topics, including related protest music. </p><p>Other subgenres include <a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">folktronica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">freak folk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a> and fusion genres such as <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_folk_music">Electronic folk music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electronic folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music mixing elements of folk and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_electronic_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary electronic music">electronic music</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">folktronica</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-nf_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nf-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or "ethnic electronica") that features uses of <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoustic instruments">acoustic instruments</a> with variable influences and choice of sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-nf_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nf-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Empire_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Empire-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2016)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Musicology</i> describes folktronica as "a catch-all [term] for all manner of artists who have combined mechanical dance beats with elements of acoustic rock or folk."<sup id="cite_ref-Scott/Ashgate_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott/Ashgate-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1993 album <i><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_and_Woman_is_a_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Every Man and Woman is a Star">Every Man and Woman is a Star</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ultramarine_(band)" title="Ultramarine (band)">Ultramarine</a> is credited as a progenitor of the new music; it featured a <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> sound and incorporated traditional instruments such as violin and harmonica with <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> elements.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Sunday Times Culture's Encyclopedia of Modern Music</i>, essential albums of the genre are <a href="/wiki/Four_Tet" title="Four Tet">Four Tet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pause_(Four_Tet_album)" title="Pause (Four Tet album)"><i>Pause</i></a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Tunng" title="Tunng">Tunng</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Daughter_and_Other_Songs" title="Mother's Daughter and Other Songs">Mother's Daughter and Other Songs</a></i> (2005), and <a href="/wiki/Caribou_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou (musician)">Caribou</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Milk_of_Human_Kindness" title="The Milk of Human Kindness">The Milk of Human Kindness</a></i> (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-TimesOnline.co.UK:EoMM_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesOnline.co.UK:EoMM-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More "worldbeat" influenced electronic folk acts include Bryn Jones with his project <a href="/wiki/Muslimgauze" title="Muslimgauze">Muslimgauze</a> (before his death in 1999), the artists of <a href="/wiki/Asian_underground" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian underground">Asian underground</a> movement (<a href="/wiki/Cheb_i_Sabbah" title="Cheb i Sabbah">Cheb i Sabbah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Dub_Foundation" title="Asian Dub Foundation">Asian Dub Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joi_(band)" title="Joi (band)">Joi</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Bengal" title="State of Bengal">State of Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transglobal_Underground" title="Transglobal Underground">Transglobal Underground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natacha_Atlas" title="Natacha Atlas">Natacha Atlas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shpongle" title="Shpongle">Shpongle</a>, Home Sweet Somewhere, <a href="/wiki/Mavka_(band)" title="Mavka (band)">Mavka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ott_(record_producer)" title="Ott (record producer)">Ott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zavoloka" title="Zavoloka">Zavoloka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_George_(Assyrian_singer)" title="Linda George (Assyrian singer)">Linda George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Gaia" title="Banco de Gaia">Banco de Gaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/AeTopus" title="AeTopus">AeTopus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zingaia" title="Zingaia">Zingaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Celt_Sound_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Celt Sound System">Afro-Celt Sound System</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tisse_(band)" title="Métisse (band)">Métisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="A Tribe Called Red">A Tribe Called Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go_A" title="Go A">Go_A</a>, and some early work by <a href="/wiki/Yat-Kha" title="Yat-Kha">Yat-Kha</a> (with Ivan Sokolovsky<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_folk">Country folk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Country folk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Country-folk" redirects here. For the album by Waylon Jennings, see <a href="/wiki/Country-Folk" title="Country-Folk">Country-Folk</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Country folk</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_country_music" title="Christian country music">country gospel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_gospel" title="Southern gospel">Southern gospel</a></li><li>folk</li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive folk music">progressive folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1960s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedal_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedal steel">pedal steel</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">harmonica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Autoharp" title="Autoharp">autoharp</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana (music)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neotraditional_country" title="Neotraditional country">neotraditional country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">alternative country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Country folk</b> as a genre label is a rather nebulous one, but one that has been employed often at least since the mid-1970s. For dedicated enthusiasts, the category largely includes the works of contemplative post-<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a> singer-songwriters, who were influenced by his and other late 1960s' and 1970s' artists' country rock sounds, but who, recording slightly later, preferred a gentler, more acoustic-dominant sound that allowed focus on the lyrics. The significant element that distinguishes "country folk" from the "folk" music on Dylan's contemporaries' recordings in the 1960s was the re-admission of country and bluegrass music instrumentation—mandolin, banjo, fiddle, and resophonic and electric steel guitars—into the mix; country rock's success with urban audiences had paved the way for this hybrid. For aficionados, viewing country folk as a subgenre of country is inaccurate, as it is not aimed at a country music audience, in the main. </p><p>Some of the definitive country folk artists from the early years include <a href="/wiki/Harry_McClintock" title="Harry McClintock">Harry McClintock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wolf" title="Kate Wolf">Kate Wolf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanci_Griffith" title="Nanci Griffith">Nanci Griffith</a>—all singer-songwriters with thoughtful lyrics whose arrangements are backed by the aforementioned instruments. By the 1980s, record labels such as Rounder and Sugar Hill specialized in recording country folk artists </p><p>The category does overlap with the post-country rock trajectories of other artists who moved away from the mainstream market as country rock's own fortunes waned at the close of the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> moved into neo-traditionalist country, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hillman" title="Chris Hillman">Chris Hillman</a> into progressive bluegrass, brother harmony duo (with <a href="/wiki/Herb_Pedersen" title="Herb Pedersen">Herb Pedersen</a>), and Bakersfield revival. By the start of the 1990s, these sounds, as well as others, would inspire musical amalgams categorized as <a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">alternative country</a> music and <a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">americana</a>, yet "country folk" continues to be used for the gentler sounds of singers such as <a href="/wiki/Iris_DeMent" title="Iris DeMent">Iris DeMent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_%26_Anna_McGarrigle" title="Kate & Anna McGarrigle">Kate & Anna McGarrigle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Welch" title="Gillian Welch">Gillian Welch</a>. </p><p>Even during the 1970s, as the acoustic, early country music-inflected sounds of country folk were making it distinct from other styles of post-1960s singer-songwriter music, it had varying degrees of overlaps with the sounds of progressive country music (such as <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Townes_Van_Zandt" title="Townes Van Zandt">Townes Van Zandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Clark" title="Guy Clark">Guy Clark</a>), outlaw country (<a href="/wiki/Billy_Joe_Shaver" title="Billy Joe Shaver">Billy Joe Shaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>), progressive bluegrass (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Rice" title="Tony Rice">Tony Rice</a> albums Cold on the Shoulder and Native American), and other country rock inflected recordings (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Rush" title="Tom Rush">Tom Rush</a>'s <i>Tom Rush</i> and <i>Merrimack County</i> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett" title="Jimmy Buffett">Jimmy Buffett</a>'s 1970s catalog). None of these were specifically marketed or received as "country folk", however. Still, later low-key, acoustic-dominant country-inflected recordings by these and many other earlier artists have at times loosely, but not inaccurately, been defined as country folk by some sources. </p><p>More recently, the majority of artists whose music could be classified as country folk find their home in the americana genre, including <a href="/wiki/Brandi_Carlile" title="Brandi Carlile">Brandi Carlile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Isbell" title="Jason Isbell">Jason Isbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parker_Millsap" title="Parker Millsap">Parker Millsap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patty_Griffin" title="Patty Griffin">Patty Griffin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Shires" title="Amanda Shires">Amanda Shires</a>, with several artists being interchangeably described as both folk and americana artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jarosz" title="Sarah Jarosz">Sarah Jarosz</a> who has received <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> in both genre categories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_contemporary_folk_music">European contemporary folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: European contemporary folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europe, the term "folk" is used just for a special modern genre (the traditional folk is called folklore or national music). </p><p>The Czech folk music is influenced by Czech traditional music an songwriters, <a href="/wiki/Czech_tramping_music" title="Czech tramping music">"tramping" music</a>, as well as by English-language <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> and contemporary-folk music, <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">spirituals</a> and traditionals, <a href="/wiki/Czech_bluegrass" title="Czech bluegrass">bluegrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">chanson</a> etc. In the second half of the 20th century, all the similar genres coexisted as a protest multigenre, in contrast to the official pop music, to the rock music etc. Since 1967, the "Porta" festival became the centre of this genre, originally defined as a festival of country & western & tramping music. Acoustic guitars were the most typical instrument for them all. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AboutDefinition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AboutDefinition_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRuehl" class="citation web cs1">Ruehl, Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122200209/http://folkmusic.about.com/od/glossary/g/FolkMusic.htm">"Folk Music"</a>. About.com definition. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://folkmusic.about.com/od/glossary/g/FolkMusic.htm">the original</a> on November 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Music&rft.pub=About.com+definition&rft.aulast=Ruehl&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffolkmusic.about.com%2Fod%2Fglossary%2Fg%2FFolkMusic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/guide/folkmusicandsong.html">"Folk Music and Song", American Folklife Center, Library of Congress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://altrockchick.com/2022/11/13/the-pentangle-basket-of-light-classic-music-review/">Pentangle</a> altrockchick.com Retrieved 13 December 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NERevival-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NERevival_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NERevival_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Never-Ending Revival</i> by Michael F. Scully University of Illinois Press Urbana and Chicago 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03333-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03333-9">978-0-252-03333-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blumen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blumen_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blumen_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020627030600/http://www.balladtree.com/folk101/001a_def.htm">"Folk Music 101: Part I: What Is Folk Music - Folk Music"</a>. 2002-06-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balladtree.com/folk101/001a_def.htm">the original</a> on 2002-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Music+101%3A+Part+I%3A+What+Is+Folk+Music+-+Folk+Music&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balladtree.com%2Ffolk101%2F001a_def.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Gillian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320322750"><i>The North American folk music revival : nation and identity in the United States and Canada, 1945-1980</i></a>. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-8407-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-8407-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-8407-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/320322750">320322750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+folk+music+revival+%3A+nation+and+identity+in+the+United+States+and+Canada%2C+1945-1980&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+England&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320322750&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-8407-7&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F320322750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways.si.edu/elizabeth-cotten-master-american-folk/music/article/smithsonian">"Elizabeth Cotten: Master of American folk music"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Folkways Recordings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Folkways+Recordings&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Cotten%3A+Master+of+American+folk+music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolkways.si.edu%2Felizabeth-cotten-master-american-folk%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2Fsmithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Odetta">"Odetta | Biography, Songs, & Facts"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Odetta+%7C+Biography%2C+Songs%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FOdetta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jonimitchell.com/library/view.cfm?id=2558">"Joni Mitchell Library - A Conversation with Buffy Sainte-Marie : JoniMitchell.com, March 6, 2013"</a>. Jonimitchell.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joni+Mitchell+Library+-+A+Conversation+with+Buffy+Sainte-Marie+%3A+JoniMitchell.com%2C+March+6%2C+2013&rft.pub=Jonimitchell.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjonimitchell.com%2Flibrary%2Fview.cfm%3Fid%3D2558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis161-178-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis161-178_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis, Iain. "Resistance And Relief: The Wit And Woes Of Early Twentieth Century Folk And Country Music." Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 23.2 (2010): 161–178. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. 14 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turnSG-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turnSG_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turnSG_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/178"><i>Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</i></a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/178">178</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_54-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_54_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prentice_Hall-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prentice_Hall_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prentice_Hall_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSzatmary2004" class="citation book cs1">Szatmary, David P. (2004). <i>Rockin' in time : a social history of rock-and-roll</i> (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-112107-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-112107-3"><bdi>0-13-112107-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rockin%27+in+time+%3A+a+social+history+of+rock-and-roll&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-13-112107-3&rft.aulast=Szatmary&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_34-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_34_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBianculli2009" class="citation book cs1">Bianculli, David (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dangerouslyfunny00bian/page/130"><i>Dangerously Funny: The Uncensored Story of the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</i></a>. New York: Touchstone (Simon & Schuster). pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dangerouslyfunny00bian/page/130">130–134, 193–196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0116-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0116-2"><bdi>978-1-4391-0116-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerously+Funny%3A+The+Uncensored+Story+of+the+Smothers+Brothers+Comedy+Hour&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=130-134%2C+193-196&rft.pub=Touchstone+%28Simon+%26+Schuster%29&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-0116-2&rft.aulast=Bianculli&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdangerouslyfunny00bian%2Fpage%2F130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606025134/http://www.suzannevega.com/biography/">"Biography – Suzanne Vega"</a>. <i>www.suzannevega.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suzannevega.com/biography/">the original</a> on 2017-06-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.suzannevega.com&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+Suzanne+Vega&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzannevega.com%2Fbiography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SRReference-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SRReference_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shenandoahrun.com/#!articles">"About Shenandoah Run"</a>. shenandoahrun.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Shenandoah+Run&rft.pub=shenandoahrun.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shenandoahrun.com%2F%23%21articles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207042353/http://www.filkontario.ca/html/whatisfilk.html">"Definition of filk by FilkOntario"</a>. Filkontario.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filkontario.ca/html/whatisfilk.html">the original</a> on 2013-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+filk+by+FilkOntario&rft.pub=Filkontario.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filkontario.ca%2Fhtml%2Fwhatisfilk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509075215/https://www.castlefest.nl/en/music/">"Music | Castlefest"</a>. <i>www.castlefest.nl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castlefest.nl/en/music/">the original</a> on 2019-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.castlefest.nl&rft.atitle=Music+%7C+Castlefest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.castlefest.nl%2Fen%2Fmusic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nf-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nf_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nf_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smyth, David (23 April 2004). "Electrifying folk: Folktronica, new folk, fuzzy folk – call it what you will. Laptops are replacing lutes to create a whole new sound", <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></i>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Empire-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Empire_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Empire" title="Kitty Empire">Empire, Kitty</a> (27 April 2003). "Up front on the verge: Four Tet, aka Kieran Hebden", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott/Ashgate-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott/Ashgate_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott2016" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Derek B., ed. (2016). <i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Musicology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a>, England: Routledge. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6476-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6476-5"><bdi>978-0-7546-6476-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ashgate+Research+Companion+to+Popular+Musicology&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames%2C+England&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6476-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBergstrom2014" class="citation web cs1">Bergstrom, John (24 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/177012-ultramarine-this-time-last-year-2495704614.html">"Ultramarine: This Time Last Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=Ultramarine%3A+This+Time+Last+Year&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft.aulast=Bergstrom&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2F177012-ultramarine-this-time-last-year-2495704614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesOnline.co.UK:EoMM-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimesOnline.co.UK:EoMM_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClayton2009" class="citation news cs1">Clayton, Richard (1 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615061923/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5597809.ece">"Folktronica: Encyclopedia of Modern Music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Online">Times Online</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.TimesOnline.co.UK/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5597809.ece">the original</a> on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Online&rft.atitle=Folktronica%3A+Encyclopedia+of+Modern+Music&rft.date=2009-02-01&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.TimesOnline.co.UK%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fmusic%2Farticle5597809.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(password-protected)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(in Russian): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zvuki.ru/R/P/13188">СОКОЛОВСКИЙ, Иван : R.I.P.</a> on zvuki.ru – this article calls Yat-Kha <i>the first Russian ethnic electronica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/search/?in=&q=Harry+McClintock&new=true">"Search results for Harry McClintock, Available Online"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Search+results+for+Harry+McClintock%2C+Available+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fsearch%2F%3Fin%3D%26q%3DHarry%2BMcClintock%26new%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_I%27m_a_Bum" title="Hallelujah, I'm a Bum">Hallelujah, I'm a Bum</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2011" class="citation cs2">Donaldson, Rachel Clare (May 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03232011-085825/unrestricted/FINALDISSERTATION.pdf"><i>Music for the People: the Folk Music Revival And American Identity, 1930–1970</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Ph.D. Dissertation), Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+for+the+People%3A+the+Folk+Music+Revival+And+American+Identity%2C+1930%E2%80%931970&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Clare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetd.library.vanderbilt.edu%2Favailable%2Fetd-03232011-085825%2Funrestricted%2FFINALDISSERTATION.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1969" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/search/?fq=str_title_serial%3A%22The+Pop+Chronicles+%28John+Gilliland+Collection%29%22&sort=date_a&start=17">"Blowin' in the Wind: Pop discovers folk music"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(audio)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Libraries" title="University of North Texas Libraries">University of North Texas Libraries</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Blowin%27+in+the+Wind%3A+Pop+discovers+folk+music&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fsearch%2F%3Ffq%3Dstr_title_serial%253A%2522The%2BPop%2BChronicles%2B%2528John%2BGilliland%2BCollection%2529%2522%26sort%3Ddate_a%26start%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+folk+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Cantwell, Robert. <i>When We Were Good: The Folk Revival</i>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-95132-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-95132-8">0-674-95132-8</a></li> <li>Cohen, Ronald D., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHVLFW0NU3YC"><i>Folk music: the basics</i></a>, Routledge, 2006.</li> <li>Cohen, Ronald D., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=65R0tN7cgs0C"><i>A history of folk music festivals in the United States</i></a>, Scarecrow Press, 2008</li> <li>Cohen, Ronald D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rainbowquestfolk00cohe"><i>Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival & American Society, 1940–1970</i></a>. Amherst: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55849-348-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55849-348-4">1-55849-348-4</a></li> <li>Cohen, Ronald D., ed. <i>Wasn't That a Time? Firsthand Accounts of the Folk Music Revival. American Folk Music Series no. 4.</i> Lanham, Maryland and Folkestone, UK: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 1995.</li> <li>Cohen, Ronald D., and Dave Samuelson. <i>Songs for Political Action</i>. Booklet to Bear Family Records BCD 15720 JL, 1996.</li> <li>Cooley, Timothy J. <i>Making Music in the Polish Tatras: Tourists, Ethnographers, and Mountain Musicians</i>. Indiana University Press, 2005 (Hardcover with CD). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34489-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34489-1">0-253-34489-1</a></li> <li>Cray, Ed, and Studs Terkel. <i>Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie</i>. W.W. Norton & Co., 2006.</li> <li>Cunningham, Agnes "Sis", and Gordon Friesen. <i>Red Dust and Broadsides: A Joint Autobiography</i>. Amherst: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55849-210-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55849-210-0">1-55849-210-0</a></li> <li>Czekanowska, Anna. <i>Polish Folk Music: Slavonic Heritage – Polish Tradition – Contemporary Trends</i>. Cambridge Studies in Ethnomusicology, Reissue 2006 (Paperback). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-02797-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-02797-7">0-521-02797-7</a></li> <li>De Turk, David A.; Poulin, A., Jr., <i>The American folk scene; dimensions of the folksong revival</i>, New York : <a href="/wiki/Dell_Pub._Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Pub. Co.">Dell Pub. Co.</a>, 1967</li> <li>Denisoff, R. Serge. <i>Great Day Coming: Folk Music and the American Left</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.</li> <li>Denisoff, R. Serge. <i>Sing Me a Song of Social Significance</i>. Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87972-036-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87972-036-0">0-87972-036-0</a></li> <li>Denning, Michael. <i>The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century</i>. London: Verso, 1996.</li> <li>Dunaway, David. <i>How Can I Keep From Singing: The Ballad of Pete Seeger</i>. [1981, 1990] Villard, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80399-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80399-2">0-306-80399-2</a></li> <li>Eyerman, Ron, and Scott Barretta. "From the 30s to the 60s: The folk Music Revival in the United States". <i>Theory and Society</i>: 25 (1996): 501–43.</li> <li>Eyerman, Ron, and Andrew Jamison. <i>Music and Social Movements. Mobilizing Traditions in the Twentieth Century</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-62966-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-62966-7">0-521-62966-7</a></li> <li>Filene, Benjamin. <i>Romancing the Folk: Public Memory & American Roots Music</i>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-4862-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-4862-X">0-8078-4862-X</a></li> <li>Goldsmith, Peter D. <i>Making People's Music: Moe Asch and Folkways Records</i>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56098-812-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56098-812-6">1-56098-812-6</a></li> <li>Hajdu, David. <i>Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Fariña and Richard Fariña</i>. New York: North Point Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86547-642-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86547-642-X">0-86547-642-X</a></li> <li>Hawes, Bess Lomax. <i>Sing It Pretty</i>. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008</li> <li>Jackson, Bruce, ed. <i>Folklore and Society. Essay in Honor of Benjamin A. Botkin.</i> Hatboro, Pa Folklore Associates, 1966</li> <li>Joynson, Vernon (2004) Fuzz, Acid and Flowers Revisited: A Comprehensive Guide to American Garage, Psychedelic and Hippie Rock (1964-1975). Borderline ISBN 978-1-89985-514-8.</li> <li>Lieberman, Robbie. <i>"My Song Is My Weapon:" People's Songs, American Communism, and the Politics of Culture, 1930–50</i>. 1989; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06525-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06525-5">0-252-06525-5</a></li> <li>Lomax, Alan, Woody Guthrie, and Pete Seeger, eds. <i>Hard Hitting Songs for Hard Hit People</i>. New York: Oak Publications, 1967. Reprint, Lincoln University of Nebraska Press, 1999.</li> <li>Lynch, Timothy. <i>Strike Song of the Depression (American Made Music Series)</i>. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Middleton_(musicologist)" title="Richard Middleton (musicologist)">Middleton, Richard</a> (1990). <i>Studying Popular Music</i>. Milton Keynes; Philadelphia: Open University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-335-15276-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-335-15276-7">0-335-15276-7</a> (cloth), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-335-15275-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-335-15275-9">0-335-15275-9</a> (pbk).</li> <li>Pegg, Carole (2001). "Folk Music". <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.</li> <li>Reuss, Richard, with [finished posthumously by] Joanne C. Reuss. <i>American Folk Music and Left Wing Politics. 1927–1957. American Folk Music Series no. 4</i>. Lanham, Maryland and Folkestone, UK: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 2000.</li> <li>Rubeck, Jack; Shaw, Allan; Blake, Ben et al. <i>The Kingston Trio On Record</i>. Naperville, IL: KK, Inc, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9614594-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9614594-0-6">978-0-9614594-0-6</a></li> <li>Scully, Michael F. (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/48nks6er9780252033339.html">The Never-Ending Revival: Rounder Records and the Folk Alliance</a></i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.</li> <li>Seeger, Pete. <i>Where Have All the Flowers Gone: A Singer's Stories</i>. Bethlehem, Pa.: Sing Out Publications, 1993.</li> <li>Sharp, Charles David. <i>Waitin' On Wings</i>, <i>What Would Woody Guthrie Say</i>. Riverside, Mo.: Wax Bold Records, 2012.</li> <li>Willens, Doris. <i>Lonesome Traveler: The Life of Lee Hays</i>. New York: Norton, 1988.</li> <li>Weissman, Dick. <i>Which Side Are You On? An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America</i>. New York: Continuum, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1698-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1698-5">0-8264-1698-5</a></li> <li>Wolfe, Charles, and Kip Lornell. <i>The Life and Legend of Leadbelly.</i> New York: Da Capo [1992] 1999.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_van_der_Merwe_(musicologist)" title="Peter van der Merwe (musicologist)">van der Merwe, Peter</a> (1989). <i>Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-316121-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-316121-4">0-19-316121-4</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_music" title="Template:Folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_music" title="Template talk:Folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_and_indigenous_music341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Folk and indigenous music</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music">Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and <br />subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">By subject or function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">Love song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war song">Anti-war song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">Nerd-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E1%BA%A9m" title="Xẩm">Xẩm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional <br /> traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America441" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>by region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-trad" title="Néo-trad">Néo-trad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiso" title="Kaiso">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(folk_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parang (folk music)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Lâm-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_music" title="Beiguan music">Pak-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and<br />North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br /> articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">20th-century Western folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_festivals" title="Category:Folk festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_record_labels" title="Category:Folk record labels">Record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&oldid=1277907567">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_folk_music&oldid=1277907567</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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