CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1900 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5fb41ac5-ddf2-4c16-ae6b-7f0e334b93ed","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1900","wgTitle":"1900","wgCurRevisionId":1284641526,"wgRevisionId":1284641526,"wgArticleId":34653,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Bulgarian-language sources (bg)","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1: unfit URL","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Use mdy dates from March 2011","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","1900"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1900","wgRelevantArticleId":34653,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2034","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/1200px-Black_body.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/800px-Black_body.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/640px-Black_body.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1900 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1900 rootpage-1900 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1900" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1900" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1900" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1900" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Summary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Summary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_and_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Political and military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_artistic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_artistic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cultural and artistic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_artistic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1900</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 197 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">197 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%98%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 јыл – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="1900 јыл" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1900 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1900 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1900 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1900 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1900 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6" title="১৯০০ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯০০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_n%C3%AE" title="1900 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1900 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1900 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900." title="1900. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1900." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 он – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="1900 он" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A0" title="༡༩༠༠ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="༡༩༠༠" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1900 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1900 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۰۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1900 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1900 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1900-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1900-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="1900 җил – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="1900 җил" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%EB%85%84" title="1900년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1900년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900." title="1900. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1900." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6" title="মারি ১৯০০ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯০০" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1900-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1900-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A6" title="೧೯೦೦ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೦೦" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1900 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1900 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1900 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1900-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1900-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1900 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1900 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B8" title="1900 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1900 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900._gads" title="1900. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1900. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1900 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1900 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_m." title="1900 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1900 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="इ.स. १९०० – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९००" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="۱۹۰۰ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۰۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1900 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1900 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1900 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1900 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%80%E1%81%80" title="၁၉၀၀ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၀၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="ई सं १९०० – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९००" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1900 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1900 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A6%E0%AD%A6" title="୧୯୦୦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୦୦" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1900" title="Joohr 1900 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1900" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1900 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1900 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6" title="१९०० – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१९००" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%D8%B9" title="1900ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1900ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A0%D9%A0" title="١٩٠٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٠٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900." title="1900. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1900." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1900 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1900 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2443" title="พ.ศ. 2443 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2443" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1900" title="Соли 1900 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1900" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1900 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1900 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%D8%A1" title="1900ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1900ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1900 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1900 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_nienz" title="1900 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1900 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4" title="一九〇〇年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九〇〇年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4" title="1900年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1900年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1900" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1900" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1900"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1900" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1900" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&oldid=1284641526" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1900&id=1284641526&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1900"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1900"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1900&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/1900" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1900" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2034" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1900-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1900-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1900</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1900" title="January 1900">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1900" title="February 1900">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1900" title="March 1900">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1900" title="April 1900">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1900" title="May 1900">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1900" title="June 1900">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1900" title="July 1900">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1900" title="August 1900">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1900" title="September 1900">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1900" title="October 1900">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1900" title="November 1900">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1900" title="December 1900">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1900. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1900_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1900 (disambiguation)">1900 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_John_Hay_(3359937747).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Portrait_of_John_Hay_%283359937747%29.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_John_Hay_%283359937747%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Portrait_of_John_Hay_%283359937747%29.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_John_Hay_%283359937747%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="642" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_body.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/250px-Black_body.svg.png" decoding="async" width="177" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/330px-Black_body.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Black_body.svg/500px-Black_body.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_a_gamma-ray_burst_shining_through_two_young_galaxies_in_the_early_Universe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_a_gamma-ray_burst_shining_through_two_young_galaxies_in_the_early_Universe.jpg/250px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_a_gamma-ray_burst_shining_through_two_young_galaxies_in_the_early_Universe.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_a_gamma-ray_burst_shining_through_two_young_galaxies_in_the_early_Universe.jpg/330px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_a_gamma-ray_burst_shining_through_two_young_galaxies_in_the_early_Universe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3258" data-file-height="2443" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_and_Indian_troops,_Boxer_Rebellion,_China,_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/German_and_Indian_troops%2C_Boxer_Rebellion%2C_China%2C_1900.jpg/250px-German_and_Indian_troops%2C_Boxer_Rebellion%2C_China%2C_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/German_and_Indian_troops%2C_Boxer_Rebellion%2C_China%2C_1900.jpg/330px-German_and_Indian_troops%2C_Boxer_Rebellion%2C_China%2C_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boers_at_Spion_Kop,_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/250px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/330px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia,_Charters_Towers,_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg/141px-StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg/212px-StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg/282px-StateLibQld_1_91548_Night_of_the_referendum_on_Federation_of_Australia%2C_Charters_Towers%2C_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="704" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldlabour2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Oldlabour2.png/250px-Oldlabour2.png" decoding="async" width="146" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Oldlabour2.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900.jpg/250px-Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900.jpg/330px-Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From left to right, top to bottom: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a>, The American Secretary of State who signed the Open Door Policy;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>'s formulation of <a href="/wiki/Planck%27s_law" title="Planck's law">Planck's law</a> of black-body radiation in October 1900 layed the foundation for <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Villard" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Villard">Paul Villard</a>'s discovery of <a href="/wiki/Gamma_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma rays">gamma rays</a> in 1900 expanded our knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a></li> <li>German and Indian troops during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peking_(1900)" title="Battle of Peking (1900)">Battle of Peking (1900)</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop" title="Battle of Spion Kop">Battle of Spion Kop</a> in 1900 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>;</li> <li>Australians in 1900 voting for the <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> for Australia to be made into one nation;</li> <li>The British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour party</a> was founded on 1900, it would become a significant political force in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a></li> <li>Destruction after the <a href="/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane" title="1900 Galveston hurricane">1900 Galveston hurricane</a> which would kill 6,000 to 12,000 people, becoming the deadliest natural disaster in American history.</li></ul></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1900" title="Category:1900">1900 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_animation" title="1900 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_archaeology" title="1900 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_architecture" title="1900 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_art" title="1900 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_film" title="1900 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_literature" title="1900 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_poetry" title="1900 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_music" title="1900 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Australia" title="1900 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Belgium" title="1900 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Brazil" title="1900 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Canada" title="1900 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_China" title="1900 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Denmark" title="1900 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_France" title="1900 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Germany" title="1900 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Italy" title="1900 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_New_Zealand" title="1900 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Norway" title="1900 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_the_Philippines" title="1900 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Portugal" title="1900 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Russia" title="1900 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_South_Africa" title="1900 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Spain" title="1900 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Sweden" title="1900 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1900 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_the_United_States" title="1900 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_rail_transport" title="1900 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_science" title="1900 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_sports" title="1900 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1900">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_in_law" title="Category:1900 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_births" title="Category:1900 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_deaths" title="Category:1900 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_establishments" title="Category:1900 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_disestablishments" title="Category:1900 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_works" title="Category:1900 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1900 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1900<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCM</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2653</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1349<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԽԹ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6650</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>56–57</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1821–1822</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1306–1307</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2850</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>63 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 64 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2444</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1262</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7408–7409</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">己亥</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4597 or 4390<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />庚子年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4598 or 4391</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1616–1617</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3066</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1892–1893</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5660–5661</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1956–1957</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1821–1822</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5000–5001</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11900</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>900–901</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1278–1279</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1317–1318</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> 33<br />(明治３３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1829–1830</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 or 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4233</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>12 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前12年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>432</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2442–2443</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴土猪年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />2026 or 1645 or 873<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳金鼠年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />2027 or 1646 or 874</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1900" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1900">1900</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1900</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCM</a>) was an <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">exceptional common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Leap year starting on Saturday">leap year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1900th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 900th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 100th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 1st year of the <a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a> decade. As of the start of 1900, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <p>As of <a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">O.S.</a> <a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a>), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until <a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">O.S.</a> <a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a>), 2100. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_military">Political and military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political and military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The year 1900 was the end of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>. Two days into the new year, The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Open_Door_Policy" title="Open Door Policy">Open Door Policy</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">China</a>, advocating for equal access for all nations to the Chinese market. The <a href="/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane" title="1900 Galveston hurricane">Galveston hurricane</a> would become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll" title="List of disasters in the United States by death toll">deadliest</a> <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disaster</a> in United States history, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people, mostly in and near <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>, as well as leaving 10,000 people homeless, destroying 7,000 buildings of all kinds in Galveston. As of <a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a>, it remains the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">fourth deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record</a>. An ongoing <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China escalates with multiple attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_movement" title="Boxer movement">Boxers</a> on Chinese and European civilians, killing hundreds, the rebellion would progress with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian Empire's invasion of Manchuria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peking_(1900)" title="Battle of Peking (1900)">Battle of Peking (1900)</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kouss%C3%A9ri" title="Battle of Kousséri">Battle of Kousséri</a> would see <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French</a> forces secure their domination of <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, which would become a <a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">French colony</a>. Britain would annex the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> in Southern Africa, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> till 1910 </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Britain</a>, developments such as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith#Battle_of_Platrand" title="Siege of Ladysmith">Battle of Platrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop" title="Battle of Spion Kop">Battle of Spion Kop</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paardeberg" title="Battle of Paardeberg">Battle of Paardeberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> highlighted the harsh nature of <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boer</a> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla tactics</a>. The British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> was founded in 1900, emerging out of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">socialist parties of the 19th century</a>, it would go on to become a major political force in Britain after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> is enacted, marking the unification of its colonies into a single country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four main scientific discoveries were achieved in the year 1900: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> formulates <a href="/wiki/Planck%27s_law_of_black-body_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Planck's law of black-body radiation">Planck's law of black-body radiation</a>, marking the birth of modern <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>, which would revolutionize humanity's understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a>, leading to groundbreaking discoveries in <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, and the fabric of <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a> itself</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a> would rediscover <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendel's laws of heredity</a>, laying the foundation for the field of <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system" title="ABO blood group system">ABO blood group system</a>, which becomes fundamental in transfusion medicine is discovered by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a>, saving <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">countless</a> of lives across the globe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma Rays</a> are discovered by French physicist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ulrich_Villard" title="Paul Ulrich Villard">Paul Villard</a>, while studying <a href="/wiki/Uranium_carbide" title="Uranium carbide">uranium decay</a>, unveiling the mystery of the universe's most powerful phenomena, marking an important advancement in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_and_artistic">Cultural and artistic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural and artistic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> premiers, one of the most frequently performed <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a> worldwide, a <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodramatic</a> piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>'s control of Rome threatened by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">invasion of Italy</a>. It contains depictions of torture, murder, and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a>.</p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1897">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1898">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1899" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1899">1899</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1900">1900</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1901" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1901">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1902">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1903" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1903">1903</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>, an American author, publishes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i>, a cornerstone of American children’s literature, marking the first book of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Oz series</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> accepts the British-German Treaty of 1899 on January 14. This formally ended U.S. claims to the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_build_a_canal_across_Nicaragua" title="Attempts to build a canal across Nicaragua">U.S.-UK Treaty for a Central American Canal</a> would be signed on February 5. While the initial plan for a Nicaraguan canal did not materialize, this treaty laid the groundwork for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, a project of immense geopolitical and economic importance. </p><p>The year 1900 also marked <a href="/wiki/Rat_(Zodiac)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat (Zodiac)">the Year of the Rat</a> on the Chinese calendar. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_Map_of_The_World_(1900).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_Map_of_The_World_%281900%29.png/500px-Flag_Map_of_The_World_%281900%29.png" decoding="async" width="358" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_Map_of_The_World_%281900%29.png/960px-Flag_Map_of_The_World_%281900%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="4974" data-file-height="2519" /></a><figcaption>The world in the year 1900</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1900" title="January 1900">January 1900</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BoxerSoldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BoxerSoldiers.jpg/200px-BoxerSoldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BoxerSoldiers.jpg/300px-BoxerSoldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BoxerSoldiers.jpg/400px-BoxerSoldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Boxer soldiers</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> announces the <a href="/wiki/Open_Door_Policy" title="Open Door Policy">Open Door Policy</a> to promote American trade with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boers</a> attempt to end the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith" title="Siege of Ladysmith">Siege of Ladysmith</a>, which leads to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Platrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Platrand">Battle of Platrand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> premieres in Rome.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> accepts the British-<a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> Treaty of <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>, in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> portion of the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boers_at_Spion_Kop,_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/250px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/330px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/500px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: Boers at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop" title="Battle of Spion Kop">Spion Kop</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop" title="Battle of Spion Kop">Battle of Spion Kop</a> – Boer troops defeat the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: Foreign diplomats in <a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> China, demand that the Boxer rebels (who oppose foreign interests in the country) be disciplined.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – Datu Muhammad Salleh, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">Mat Salleh Rebellion</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a>, is shot dead in <a href="/wiki/Tambunan" title="Tambunan">Tambunan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1900" title="February 1900">February 1900</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LabourPartyPlaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LabourPartyPlaque.jpg/250px-LabourPartyPlaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LabourPartyPlaque.jpg/330px-LabourPartyPlaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LabourPartyPlaque.jpg/500px-LabourPartyPlaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Plaque recording the location of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour Party</a> in 1900.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – The United Kingdom and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Canal">Central American shipping canal</a> across Central America in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – The International Arbitration Court at <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> is created, when the Netherlands' Senate ratifies an <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> <a href="/wiki/Peace_conference" title="Peace conference">peace conference</a> decree.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: British troops defeat the <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ladysmith,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladysmith, South Africa">Ladysmith, South Africa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kimberley" title="Siege of Kimberley">Siege of Kimberley</a> is lifted.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Cross expedition">Southern Cross expedition</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Carsten Borchgrevink</a> achieves a new <a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a> of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Ice_Shelf" title="Ross Ice Shelf">Great Ice Barrier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paardeberg" title="Battle of Paardeberg">Battle of Paardeberg</a> – British troops defeat the Boers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour Party</a> is officially established, at a meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Memorial_Hall" title="Congregational Memorial Hall">Congregational Memorial Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> is appointed as its first secretary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: British military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General <a href="/wiki/Piet_Cronj%C3%A9" title="Piet Cronjé">Piet Cronjé</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munich" title="FC Bayern Munich">FC Bayern</a>, Germany's most successful <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1900" title="March 1900">March 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – Two U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a> are sent to Central America to protect American interests in a dispute between <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Coal_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal mine">coal mine</a> explosion in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, United States, kills 50 miners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – Botanist <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a> rediscovers <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendel's laws of heredity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – British archaeologist Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a> purchases the land on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> on which the ruins of the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> stand. He begins to unearth some of the palace three days later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a> first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood type</a>, which will universally be referred to as the <a href="/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system" title="ABO blood group system">ABO blood group system</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for which he will be awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> in 1930.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1900" title="April 1900">April 1900</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_panoramique_de_l%27exposition_universelle_de_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vue_panoramique_de_l%27exposition_universelle_de_1900.jpg/120px-Vue_panoramique_de_l%27exposition_universelle_de_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vue_panoramique_de_l%27exposition_universelle_de_1900.jpg/250px-Vue_panoramique_de_l%27exposition_universelle_de_1900.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="7235" data-file-height="4942" /></a><figcaption>Exposition Universelle view in Paris</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Exposition Universelle</a>, a world's fair, opens in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kouss%C3%A9ri" title="Battle of Kousséri">Battle of Kousséri</a>: French forces secure their domination of <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>. Warlord <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a> is defeated and killed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1900" title="May 1900">May 1900</a></div> <ul><li>May – American <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> is the first person to sight <a href="/wiki/Kaffeklubben_Island" title="Kaffeklubben Island">Kaffeklubben Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scofield_Mine_disaster" title="Scofield Mine disaster">Scofield Mine disaster</a>: An explosion of blasting powder in a <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> mine in <a href="/wiki/Scofield,_Utah" title="Scofield, Utah">Scofield, Utah</a>, kills 200 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – The second <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris 1900">Paris 1900</a>, open (as part of the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Paris World Exhibition</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: The British Army relieves the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mafeking" title="Siege of Mafeking">Siege of Mafeking</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Oz books</a>, chronicling the fictional <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a> for children.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – The United Kingdom proclaims a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> over <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese province">Chinese province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> is invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: The British annex the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: Boxers attack Belgians in the Fengtai railway station.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">Chad</a>, is founded as Fort-Lamy by French commander <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gentil" title="Émile Gentil">Émile Gentil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they eventually unite with Japanese forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1900" title="June 1900">June 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: British soldiers <a href="/wiki/Advance_on_Pretoria" title="Advance on Pretoria">take Pretoria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931900_peasant_unrest_in_Bulgaria" title="1899–1900 peasant unrest in Bulgaria">1899–1900 peasant unrest in Bulgaria</a> starts to turn passive.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a> approves the second of the <a href="/wiki/German_Naval_Laws" title="German Naval Laws">German Naval Laws</a> allowing expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dagu_Forts_(1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dagu Forts (1900)">Battle of Dagu Forts</a> – Naval forces of the <a href="/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance" title="Eight-Nation Alliance">Eight-Nation Alliance</a> capture the <a href="/wiki/Taku_Forts" title="Taku Forts">Taku Forts</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River</a> estuary in China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near <a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a>, and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yuanlu" title="Wang Yuanlu">Wang Yuanlu</a> discovers the <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_manuscripts" title="Dunhuang manuscripts">Dunhuang manuscripts</a>, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the <a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a>, China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/1900_Hoboken_Docks_fire" title="1900 Hoboken Docks fire">Hoboken Docks fire</a>: A wharf fire at the docks in <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>, spreads to German <a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">passenger ships</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Saale" title="SS Saale"><i>Saale</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Main_(1900)" title="SS Main (1900)"><i>Main</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Bremen_(1896)" title="SS Bremen (1896)"><i>Bremen</i></a>. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1900" title="July 1900">July 1900</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg/250px-First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg/330px-First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg/500px-First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a>: First successful rigid airship flight by <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin_LZ_1" title="Zeppelin LZ 1">Zeppelin <i>LZ 1</i></a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Australia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Map_of_Australia.png/250px-Map_of_Australia.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Map_of_Australia.png/300px-Map_of_Australia.png 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a>: <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> enacted.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatic marriage</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sophie,_Duchess_of_Hohenberg" title="Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg">Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">zeppelin</a> <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> flight, by <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin_LZ_1" title="Zeppelin LZ 1">Zeppelin LZ 1</a>, is carried out over <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> is enacted, marking the unification of its colonies into a single country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – The new <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_liner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise liner">cruise liner</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Deutschland_(1900)" title="SS Deutschland (1900)">SS <i>Deutschland</i></a> breaks the record for the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Riband" title="Blue Riband">Blue Riband</a> on her maiden transatlantic voyage with an average speed of 22.4 knots (41.5 km/h).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – The first line of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">Paris Métro</a> opens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_Pan-African_Conference" title="First Pan-African Conference">First Pan-African Conference</a> is held in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a> is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a>-born anarchist <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci" title="Gaetano Bresci">Gaetano Bresci</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1900" title="August 1900">August 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – The first <i><a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a></i> is published in France.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades <a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a> and frees the European hostages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1900" title="September 1900">September 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane" title="1900 Galveston hurricane">1900 Galveston hurricane</a>, killing around 8,000 people. It is the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_von_Otter" title="Fredrik von Otter">Fredrik von Otter</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pulang_Lupa" title="Battle of Pulang Lupa">Battle of Pulang Lupa</a> – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a detachment of American soldiers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mabitac" title="Battle of Mabitac">Battle of Mabitac</a> – Filipinos under <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cailles" title="Juan Cailles">Juan Cailles</a> defeat the Americans.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1900" title="October 1900">October 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> become a territory of the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> first states <a href="/wiki/Planck%27s_law" title="Planck's law">Planck's law</a> of <a href="/wiki/Black-body_radiation" title="Black-body radiation">black-body radiation</a> to a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/German_Physical_Society" title="German Physical Society">German Physical Society</a> in Berlin, marking the birth of modern <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He restates it on December 14.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900 United Kingdom general election</a>: voting concludes with the <a href="/wiki/Unionist_government,_1895%E2%80%931905" title="Unionist government, 1895–1905">Unionists</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Marquess of Salisbury</a> re-elected.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – The United Kingdom annexes the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1900" title="November 1900">November 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900 United States presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> is re-elected by defeating <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> challenger <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> in a rematch.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/1900_Canadian_federal_election" title="1900 Canadian federal election">1900 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Liberal Party">Liberal</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Wilfrid Laurier">Sir Wilfrid Laurier</a> is reelected by defeating <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Conservative Party">Conservative</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Tupper" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Tupper">Sir Charles Tupper</a> again after having done that in the <a href="/wiki/1896_Canadian_federal_election" title="1896 Canadian federal election">1896 Canadian federal election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a> as commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa and implements a <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a> strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1900" title="December 1900">December 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – The final <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti War</a>, "<a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Golden_Stool" title="War of the Golden Stool">War of the Golden Stool</a>", is declared over. Most of the British troops and <a href="/wiki/James_Willcocks" title="James Willcocks">Governor James Willcocks</a> depart the city of <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/History_of_quantum_mechanics" title="History of quantum mechanics">History of quantum mechanics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> presents his groundbreaking paper on <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum theory</a> to the <a href="/wiki/German_Physical_Society" title="German Physical Society">German Physical Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – The German training <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/SMS_Gneisenau_(1879)" title="SMS Gneisenau (1879)">Gneisenau</a></i>, with 450 naval cadets on board, sinks in a storm during exercises off of the Spanish coast at <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, drowning 136.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Prix_Guzman" title="Prix Guzman">Prix Guzman</a>, first and only prize ever offered for communication with <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a>, is announced in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. A prize of 100,000 francs is provided, except for communication with <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, which is considered too easy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>: The first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun</a>, appoints Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a> premier of the new state of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government, and is forced to resign.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a> makes the first use of <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">amplitude modulation</a> (the basis for <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM radio</a>) for wireless transmission of the human voice, from <a href="/wiki/Cobb_Island_(Maryland)" title="Cobb Island (Maryland)">Cobb Island (Maryland)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> Demands: The foreign powers present their 12 conditions for reform to the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Chinese Imperial</a> government, including the payment of a large indemnity.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – The first steel produced by <a href="/wiki/Electrometallurgy" title="Electrometallurgy">electrometallurgy</a> (from an electric furnace) is delivered.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Content" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Content </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January">January</a> · <a href="#February">February</a> · <a href="#March">March</a> · <a href="#April">April</a> · <a href="#May">May</a> · <a href="#June">June</a> · <a href="#July">July</a> · <a href="#August">August</a> · <a href="#September">September</a> · <a href="#October">October</a> · <a href="#November">November</a> · <a href="#December">December</a> · <a href="#Date_unknown">Date unknown</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugihara_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sugihara_b.jpg/120px-Sugihara_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sugihara_b.jpg/250px-Sugihara_b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara" title="Chiune Sugihara">Chiune Sugihara</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraljica_marija.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kraljica_marija.jpg/120px-Kraljica_marija.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kraljica_marija.jpg/250px-Kraljica_marija.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Maria of Yugoslavia">Queen Maria of Yugoslavia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg/100px-Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg/150px-Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg/200px-Hyman_Rickover_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover" title="Hyman G. Rickover">Hyman G. Rickover</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Cugat" title="Xavier Cugat">Xavier Cugat</a>, Spanish-born Cuban bandleader (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara" title="Chiune Sugihara">Chiune Sugihara</a>, Japanese diplomat and humanitarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Haines" title="William Haines">William Haines</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Jaubert" title="Maurice Jaubert">Maurice Jaubert</a>, French composer and soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(ornithologist)" title="James Bond (ornithologist)">James Bond</a>, American ornithologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yves_Tanguy" title="Yves Tanguy">Yves Tanguy</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Yugoslavia" title="Maria of Yugoslavia">Maria of Yugoslavia</a>, queen consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Adams" title="Dorothy Adams">Dorothy Adams</a>, American character actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solon_Earl_Low" title="Solon Earl Low">Solon Earl Low</a>, Canadian <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">social credit</a> politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Frank" title="Edith Frank">Edith Frank</a>, German-Dutch mother of <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wan_Laiming" title="Wan Laiming">Wan Laiming</a>, Chinese animator (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colin_Clive" title="Colin Clive">Colin Clive</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a>, Ukrainian geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ristenpart" title="Karl Ristenpart">Karl Ristenpart</a>, German conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover" title="Hyman G. Rickover">Hyman G. Rickover</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martita_Hunt" title="Martita Hunt">Martita Hunt</a>, Argentine-born British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Betty_Parsons" title="Betty Parsons">Betty Parsons</a>, American artist, art dealer and collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AdlaiEStevenson1900-1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/AdlaiEStevenson1900-1965.jpg/120px-AdlaiEStevenson1900-1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/AdlaiEStevenson1900-1965.jpg/250px-AdlaiEStevenson1900-1965.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aubert_jeanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Aubert_jeanne.jpg/100px-Aubert_jeanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Aubert_jeanne.jpg/150px-Aubert_jeanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Aubert_jeanne.jpg/200px-Aubert_jeanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Aubert" title="Jeanne Aubert">Jeanne Aubert</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert" title="Jacques Prévert">Jacques Prévert</a>, French lyricist and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Broe" title="Ellen Broe">Ellen Broe</a>, Danish nurse, pioneer in nursing education (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Hans-Georg Gadamer</a>, German philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dsei_Toda" title="Jōsei Toda">Jōsei Toda</a>, Japanese educator and activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov" title="Vasily Chuikov">Vasily Chuikov</a>, Soviet general, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> during WWII (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_J._Traynor" title="Roger J. Traynor">Roger J. Traynor</a>, American judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Aubert" title="Jeanne Aubert">Jeanne Aubert</a>, French singer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>, Spanish film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Bartenieff" title="Irmgard Bartenieff">Irmgard Bartenieff</a>, German-American dancer, physical therapist and pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Dance_therapy" title="Dance therapy">dance therapy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Halina_Konopacka" title="Halina Konopacka">Halina Konopacka</a>, Polish discus thrower, Olympic champion (<a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_discus_throw" title="Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Women's discus throw">1928</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg/100px-Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg/150px-Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg/200px-Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_McEwen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_John_McEwen.jpg/100px-Sir_John_McEwen.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_John_McEwen.jpg/150px-Sir_John_McEwen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_John_McEwen.jpg/200px-Sir_John_McEwen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_McEwen" title="John McEwen">Sir John McEwen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg/100px-Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg/150px-Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg/200px-Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="4936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a>, Indian independence activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Mpositive_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mpositive-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Best" title="Edna Best">Edna Best</a>, British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Biberman" title="Herbert Biberman">Herbert Biberman</a>, American screenwriter, film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_London" title="Fritz London">Fritz London</a>, German physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carel_Willink" title="Carel Willink">Carel Willink</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken" title="Howard H. Aiken">Howard H. Aiken</a>, American computing pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</a>, 19th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81lote_Tupou_III" title="Sālote Tupou III">Sālote Tupou III</a>, queen regnant of Tonga, (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a>, Greek poet, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Newman (composer)">Alfred Newman</a>, American film composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a>, French physicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a>, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McEwen" title="John McEwen">Sir John McEwen</a>, 18th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Elton_Sette" title="Oscar Elton Sette">Oscar Elton Sette</a>, American fisheries scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a>, British royal family member (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spencer_tracy_state_of_the_union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Spencer_tracy_state_of_the_union.jpg/120px-Spencer_tracy_state_of_the_union.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Spencer_tracy_state_of_the_union.jpg/250px-Spencer_tracy_state_of_the_union.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pauli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pauli.jpg/100px-Pauli.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pauli.jpg/150px-Pauli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pauli.jpg/200px-Pauli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Clausen" title="Stefanie Clausen">Stefanie Clausen</a>, Danish Olympic diver (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chamoun" title="Camille Chamoun">Camille Chamoun</a>, 7th president of Lebanon (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcelino_Abad_Tolentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcelino Abad Tolentino (page does not exist)">Marcelino Abad Tolentino</a>, Peruvian supercentenarian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Byles" title="Marie Byles">Marie Byles</a>, Australian solicitor (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_M%C3%A1rai" title="Sándor Márai">Sándor Márai</a>, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Polly_Adler" title="Polly Adler">Polly Adler</a>, Russian-born American author, madam (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Isaacs" title="Bertha Isaacs">Bertha Isaacs</a>, Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fritzsche" title="Hans Fritzsche">Hans Fritzsche</a>, German Nazi official (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Goudge" title="Elizabeth Goudge">Elizabeth Goudge</a>, English novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, Austrian-born American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richter" title="Charles Richter">Charles Richter</a>, American seismologist and physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez">Maurice Thorez</a>, French Communist leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Manners" title="David Manners">David Manners</a>, Canadian-American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a>, Italian author (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/A._W._Lawrence" title="A. W. Lawrence">A. W. Lawrence</a>, British archaeologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Ji_(biochemist)" title="Zheng Ji (biochemist)">Zheng Ji</a>, Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_May_Dent" title="Beryl May Dent">Beryl May Dent</a>, English mathematical physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin" title="Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin">Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin</a>, British-American astronomer, astrophysicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Robbins_Jr." title="Thomas H. Robbins Jr.">Thomas H. Robbins Jr.</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Wolff" title="Karl Wolff">Karl Wolff</a>, German SS functionary and war criminal (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cai_Chang" title="Cai Chang">Cai Chang</a>, Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ida_Rhodes" title="Ida Rhodes">Ida Rhodes</a>, American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a>, German Nazi official (executed <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Ladnier" title="Tommy Ladnier">Tommy Ladnier</a>, American jazz trumpeter (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir</a>, British politician, lawyer and judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucile_Godbold" title="Lucile Godbold">Lucile Godbold</a>, American Olympic athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Gabor_1971b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dennis_Gabor_1971b.jpg/120px-Dennis_Gabor_1971b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dennis_Gabor_1971b.jpg/250px-Dennis_Gabor_1971b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:11exupery-inline1-500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/11exupery-inline1-500.jpg/100px-11exupery-inline1-500.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/11exupery-inline1-500.jpg/150px-11exupery-inline1-500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/11exupery-inline1-500.jpg/200px-11exupery-inline1-500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a>, Hungarian-born British physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick Terman</a>, American electrical engineer, professor (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Marechal" title="Leopoldo Marechal">Leopoldo Marechal</a>, Argentine writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a>, German Nazi official (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Irons" title="Evelyn Irons">Evelyn Irons</a>, Scottish journalist, war correspondent (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Choe_Yong-gon_(army_commander)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choe Yong-gon (army commander)">Choi Yong-kun</a>, North Korean general, defense minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Raphael Lemkin</a>, Polish international lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Hale" title="Georgia Hale">Georgia Hale</a>, American silent film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a>, English naval officer and last Viceroy of India (assassinated) (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a>, French aviator and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyvind.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Eyvind.JPG/100px-Eyvind.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Eyvind.JPG/150px-Eyvind.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Eyvind.JPG/200px-Eyvind.JPG 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a>, Italian film director and screenwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Robert Desnos</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Mae_Rowe" title="Nellie Mae Rowe">Nellie Mae Rowe</a>, African-American folk artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernardus_Johannes_Alfrink" title="Bernardus Johannes Alfrink">Bernardus Johannes Alfrink</a>, Dutch cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht (d. 1987)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederica_Sagor_Maas" title="Frederica Sagor Maas">Frederica Sagor Maas</a>, American playwright, essayist and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earle_E._Partridge" title="Earle E. Partridge">Earle E. Partridge</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Laye" title="Evelyn Laye">Evelyn Laye</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Lewis_(clarinetist)" title="George Lewis (clarinetist)">George Lewis</a>, American jazz clarinetist (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Babcock" title="John Babcock">John Babcock</a>, last surviving Canadian World War I veteran (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Dorothy_Macmillan" title="Lady Dorothy Macmillan">Lady Dorothy Macmillan</a>, spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a>, Swedish novelist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Noce" title="Teresa Noce">Teresa Noce</a>, Italian labor leader, activist and journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arturo_Umberto_Illia_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Arturo_Umberto_Illia_1965.jpg/120px-Arturo_Umberto_Illia_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Arturo_Umberto_Illia_1965.jpg/250px-Arturo_Umberto_Illia_1965.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Umberto_Illia" title="Arturo Umberto Illia">Arturo Umberto Illia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg/100px-Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg/150px-Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg/200px-Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="2825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Pyle" title="Ernie Pyle">Ernie Pyle</a>, American journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Umberto_Illia" title="Arturo Umberto Illia">Arturo Umberto Illia</a>, 34th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a>, British queen consort of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Howard_Green" title="Cecil Howard Green">Cecil Howard Green</a>, British-born geophysicist, businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Farrell" title="Charles Farrell">Charles Farrell</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Porritt,_Baron_Porritt" title="Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt">Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt</a>, New Zealand politician, athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mosolov" title="Alexander Mosolov">Alexander Mosolov</a>, Russian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Estelle_Brody" title="Estelle Brody">Estelle Brody</a>, American silent film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vivienne_de_Watteville" title="Vivienne de Watteville">Vivienne de Watteville</a>, British travel writer and adventurer (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Albert_Black" title="Glenn Albert Black">Glenn Albert Black</a>, American archaeologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Norman" title="Ruth Norman">Ruth Norman</a>, American religious leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Moore" title="Colleen Moore">Colleen Moore</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ryle" title="Gilbert Ryle">Gilbert Ryle</a>, British philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Burr_Thompson" title="Dorothy Burr Thompson">Dorothy Burr Thompson</a>, American archaeologist, art historian (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a>, Austrian-American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biochemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biochemist)">Sir Hans Krebs</a>, German-born British biochemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg/120px-Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg/250px-Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2599" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/W._A._C._Bennett" title="W. A. C. Bennett">W. A. C. Bennett</a>, Canadian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tilly_Devine" title="Tilly Devine">Tilly Devine</a>, English-born Australian organised crime boss (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._Willard_Marriott" title="J. Willard Marriott">J. Willard Marriott</a>, American entrepreneur, founder of <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a>, 1st prime minister of Mauritius (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uuno_Klami" title="Uuno Klami">Uuno Klami</a>, Finnish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hugh_Emmett" title="Paul Hugh Emmett">Paul Hugh Emmett</a>, American chemical engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Belperron" title="Suzanne Belperron">Suzanne Belperron</a>, French jewellery designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Alem%C3%A1n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Miguel Alemán Valdés">Miguel Alemán Valdés</a>, 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a>, 1946-1952 (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Promotional_photograph_of_Helen_Hayes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Promotional_photograph_of_Helen_Hayes.jpg/120px-Promotional_photograph_of_Helen_Hayes.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Promotional_photograph_of_Helen_Hayes.jpg/250px-Promotional_photograph_of_Helen_Hayes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Mother_Srinagarindra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Princess_Mother_Srinagarindra.jpg/120px-Princess_Mother_Srinagarindra.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Princess_Mother_Srinagarindra.jpg/250px-Princess_Mother_Srinagarindra.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Srinagarindra" title="Srinagarindra">Srinagarindra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Jardine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Douglas_Jardine.jpg/120px-Douglas_Jardine.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Douglas_Jardine.jpg/250px-Douglas_Jardine.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Jardine" title="Douglas Jardine">Douglas Jardine</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bing_Xin" title="Bing Xin">Bing Xin</a>, Chinese author, poet, known for her contributions to children's literature (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, German Nazi official, SS head (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ardizzone" title="Edward Ardizzone">Edward Ardizzone</a>, English painter, printmaker and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthur" title="Jean Arthur">Jean Arthur</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bavly" title="Sarah Bavly">Sarah Bavly</a>, Dutch-Israeli nutritionist, author and educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Ponsford" title="Bill Ponsford">Bill Ponsford</a>, Australian cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Azhari" title="Ismail al-Azhari">Ismail al-Azhari</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Prime Minister of Sudan</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Sudan">President of Sudan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Srinagarindra" title="Srinagarindra">Srinagarindra</a>, Princess Mother of Thailand (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Jardine" title="Douglas Jardine">Douglas Jardine</a>, English cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Abboud" title="Ibrahim Abboud">Ibrahim Abboud</a>, 4th prime minister, 1st president of Sudan (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Boye" title="Karin Boye">Karin Boye</a>, Swedish poet and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wajid_Ali_Khan_Burki" title="Wajid Ali Khan Burki">Wajid Ali Khan Burki</a>, Pakistani ophthalmologist and army officer.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a>, Finnish-born Swedish physiologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg/100px-Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg/150px-Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2822" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Copland_1970.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Aaron_Copland_1970.JPG/120px-Aaron_Copland_1970.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Aaron_Copland_1970.JPG/250px-Aaron_Copland_1970.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu_P%C4%83tr%C4%83%C8%99canu" title="Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu">Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu</a>, Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dies_Jr." title="Martin Dies Jr.">Martin Dies Jr.</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Schafer" title="Natalie Schafer">Natalie Schafer</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a>, American novelist ('<a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Gone_With_The_Wind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Gone With The Wind (page does not exist)">'Gone With The Wind</a><i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Marshall_Williams" title="David Marshall Williams">David Marshall Williams</a>, American inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eli%C5%A1ka_Junkov%C3%A1" title="Eliška Junková">Eliška Junková</a>, Czechoslovakian automobile racer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Pogodin" title="Nikolai Pogodin">Nikolai Pogodin</a>, Soviet playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6ss" title="Rudolf Höss">Rudolf Höss</a>, German Nazi official (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gillars" title="Mildred Gillars">Mildred Gillars</a>, American broadcaster (<i>Axis Sally</i>), employed by Nazi Germany to disseminate propaganda during WWII (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_Malmrot" title="Håkan Malmrot">Håkan Malmrot</a>, Swedish swimmer (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Stipa" title="Luigi Stipa">Luigi Stipa</a>, Italian engineer and aircraft designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnes_Moorehead_Bewitched_1969.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Agnes_Moorehead_Bewitched_1969.JPG/120px-Agnes_Moorehead_Bewitched_1969.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Agnes_Moorehead_Bewitched_1969.JPG/250px-Agnes_Moorehead_Bewitched_1969.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Moorehead" title="Agnes Moorehead">Agnes Moorehead</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a>, Austrian chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Moorehead" title="Agnes Moorehead">Agnes Moorehead</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Bewitched" title="Bewitched">Bewitched</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kateryna_Bilokur" title="Kateryna Bilokur">Kateryna Bilokur</a>, Ukrainian folk artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diels" title="Rudolf Diels">Rudolf Diels</a>, German Nazi civil servant, Gestapo chief (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a>, British mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katina_Paxinou" title="Katina Paxinou">Katina Paxinou</a>, Greek actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brundage" title="Margaret Brundage">Margaret Brundage</a>, American illustrator (<i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bush" title="Alan Bush">Alan Bush</a>, British composer, pianist and conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Le%C3%B3n_Toral" title="José de León Toral">José de León Toral</a>, Mexican assassin of president <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Álvaro Obregón</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Smallwood" title="Joey Smallwood">Joey Smallwood</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Al_Oweini" title="Hussein Al Oweini">Hussein Al Oweini</a>, 18th prime minister of Lebanon (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a>, Polish mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Jaramillo" title="Rubén Jaramillo">Rubén Jaramillo</a>, Mexican peasant leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yung_Fung-shee" title="Yung Fung-shee">Yung Fung-shee</a>, Hong Kong philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Ruskin_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/John_Ruskin_1863.jpg/120px-John_Ruskin_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/John_Ruskin_1863.jpg/250px-John_Ruskin_1863.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottliebdaimler1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gottliebdaimler1.jpg/120px-Gottliebdaimler1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gottliebdaimler1.jpg/250px-Gottliebdaimler1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Daimler" title="Gottlieb Daimler">Gottlieb Daimler</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Kingsley_West_African_Studies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mary_Kingsley_West_African_Studies.jpg/120px-Mary_Kingsley_West_African_Studies.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mary_Kingsley_West_African_Studies.jpg/250px-Mary_Kingsley_West_African_Studies.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kingsley" title="Mary Kingsley">Mary Kingsley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josephine_Princess_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Josephine_Princess_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg/120px-Josephine_Princess_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Josephine_Princess_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg/250px-Josephine_Princess_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Josephine_of_Baden" title="Princess Josephine of Baden">Princess Josephine of Baden</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_A._Hammond" title="William A. Hammond">William A. Hammond</a>, American military physician, neurologist, and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Martineau" title="James Martineau">James Martineau</a>, English religious philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/S._M._I._Henry" title="S. M. I. Henry">S. M. I. Henry</a>, American evangelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, English writer, artist, and social critic (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clinton_L._Merriam" title="Clinton L. Merriam">Clinton L. Merriam</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Butterfield" title="William Butterfield">William Butterfield</a>, British architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bechstein" title="Carl Bechstein">Carl Bechstein</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> maker (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Daimler" title="Gottlieb Daimler">Gottlieb Daimler</a>, German inventor, automotive pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Lloyd_(chemist)" title="Rachel Lloyd (chemist)">Rachel Lloyd</a>, American chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Peter_Emilius_Hartmann" title="Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann">Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann</a>, Danish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Ki%C3%A6rskou" title="Hjalmar Kiærskou">Hjalmar Kiærskou</a>, Danish botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Piet_Joubert" title="Piet Joubert">Piet Joubert</a>, Boer politician, military commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_K._Holliday" title="Cyrus K. Holliday">Cyrus K. Holliday</a>, cofounder of <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka, Kansas</a>, 1st president of the <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_%C3%85kerhielm" title="Gustaf Åkerhielm">Gustaf Åkerhielm</a>, 6th prime minister of Sweden (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bertrand" title="Joseph Bertrand">Joseph Bertrand</a>, French mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Louise_Eve" title="Maria Louise Eve">Maria Louise Eve</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Nuri_Pasha" title="Osman Nuri Pasha">Osman Nuri Pasha</a>, Ottoman military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Frederic Edwin Church</a>, American landscape painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Richard_Cocke" title="James Richard Cocke">James Richard Cocke</a>, American physician, homeopath, and pioneer hypnotherapist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Curry_(Wild_Bunch)" title="George Curry (Wild Bunch)">George Curry</a>, Wild West robber (<i>Wild Bunch</i>) (shot) (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Dawson_(activist)" title="James Dawson (activist)">James Dawson</a>, Australian activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vikramatji_Khimojiraj" title="Vikramatji Khimojiraj">Vikramatji Khimojiraj</a>, Indian ruler (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lamy" title="Amédée-François Lamy">Amédée-François Lamy</a>, French soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>) (killed in battle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Campbell,_8th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll">George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll</a>, British politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Casey_Jones" title="Casey Jones">Casey Jones</a>, American railway engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Munk%C3%A1csy" title="Mihály Munkácsy">Mihály Munkácsy</a>, Hungarian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seweryn_Morawski" title="Seweryn Morawski">Seweryn Morawski</a>, Roman Catholic prelate (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carit_Etlar" title="Carit Etlar">Carit Etlar (Carl Brosbøll)</a>, Danish author (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ravaisson-Mollien" title="Félix Ravaisson-Mollien">Félix Ravaisson-Mollien</a>, French philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Sir George Grove</a>, English music writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samori_Ture" title="Samori Ture">Samori Ture</a>, West African empire-builder (b. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kingsley" title="Mary Kingsley">Mary Kingsley</a>, English explorer, writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane" title="Stephen Crane">Stephen Crane</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belle_Boyd" title="Belle Boyd">Belle Boyd</a>, American Confederate spy, actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Josephine_of_Baden" title="Princess Josephine of Baden">Princess Josephine of Baden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_di_Umberto_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ritratto_di_Umberto_I.jpg/120px-Ritratto_di_Umberto_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ritratto_di_Umberto_I.jpg/250px-Ritratto_di_Umberto_I.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nietzsche187a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nietzsche187a.jpg/120px-Nietzsche187a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nietzsche187a.jpg/250px-Nietzsche187a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1986" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg/120px-Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg/180px-Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Sir_Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Sir Arthur Sullivan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oscar_Wilde_MET_DP136272.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oscar_Wilde_MET_DP136272.jpg/120px-Oscar_Wilde_MET_DP136272.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oscar_Wilde_MET_DP136272.jpg/250px-Oscar_Wilde_MET_DP136272.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2283" data-file-height="3890" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Barnard" title="Henry Barnard">Henry Barnard</a>, American educationalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Cogswell" title="Henry D. Cogswell">Henry D. Cogswell</a>, American philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Grassi" title="Gregorio Grassi">Gregorio Grassi</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> friar, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a>, 2-time prime minister of Romania (b. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a> (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, second son of Queen Victoria (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Molina_Sanchez" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Molina Sanchez">Rafael Molina Sanchez</a>, Spanish bullfighter (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Lenoir" title="Étienne Lenoir">Étienne Lenoir</a>, Belgian engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Liebknecht" title="Wilhelm Liebknecht">Wilhelm Liebknecht</a>, German Social Democratic politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_%C5%A0koda" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Škoda">Emil Škoda</a>, Czech engineer and industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Szl%C3%A1vy" title="József Szlávy">József Szlávy</a>, 6th prime minister of Hungary (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell,_Baron_Russell_of_Killowen" title="Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen">Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen</a>, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Wilhelm Steinitz</a>, Austrian-born chess player, first undisputed World Champion (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a>, Russian philosopher and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_de_E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s" class="mw-redirect" title="José Maria de Eça de Queirós">José Maria de Eça de Queirós</a>, Portuguese writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kuroda_Kiyotaka" title="Kuroda Kiyotaka">Kuroda Kiyotaka</a>, Japanese politician, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, German philosopher, writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Marsh_Rice" title="William Marsh Rice">William Marsh Rice</a>, American philanthropist, university founder (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos">Arsenio Martínez-Campos</a>, Spanish general, revolutionary, and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fenton_Cary" title="Samuel Fenton Cary">Samuel Fenton Cary</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zden%C4%9Bk_Fibich" title="Zdeněk Fibich">Zdeněk Fibich</a>, Czech composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Cameron" title="Roderick Cameron">Sir Roderick Cameron</a>, Canadian shipping magnate (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a>, American politician (b.<a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a>, German philologist, Orientalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Sir Arthur Sullivan</a>, English composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ry_Laurent" title="Méry Laurent">Méry Laurent</a>, French artist's muse, model (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, Irish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aquileo_Parra" title="Aquileo Parra">Aquileo Parra</a>, 11th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ryan" title="Paddy Ryan">Paddy Ryan</a>, Irish-American boxer, former world's heavyweight champion (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Graf_von_Blumenthal" title="Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal">Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal</a>, Prussian field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_population">World population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: World population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900" title="List of countries by population in 1900">List of countries by population in 1900</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a>: 1,640,000,000 <ul><li>Africa: 133,000,000</li> <li>Asia: 947,000,000 <ul><li>Japan: c. 45,000,000</li></ul></li> <li>Europe: 408,000,000</li> <li>Latin America: 74,000,000</li> <li>Northern America: 82,000,000</li> <li>Oceania: 6,000,000</li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMill1905" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Robert_Mill" title="Hugh Robert Mill">Mill, Hugh Robert</a> (1905). <i>The Siege of the South Pole</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Alston_Rivers" title="Alston Rivers">Alston Rivers</a>. p. 402.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+the+South+Pole&rft.place=London&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Alston+Rivers&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Mill&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landsteiner, Karl (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe". Zbl f. Bakt. 27:357-362 (issue of March 23, 1900)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Canadian Surveyor</i>. Canadian Institute of Surveying and Mapping. 1970. p. 150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Surveyor&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Canadian+Institute+of+Surveying+and+Mapping&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinneropWolfrumLachenmann2019" class="citation book cs1">Minnerop, Petra; Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Lachenmann, Frauke (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiKQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA784"><i>International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 784. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883509-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883509-7"><bdi>978-0-19-883509-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Development+Law%3A+The+Max+Planck+Encyclopedia+of+Public+International+Law&rft.pages=784&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-883509-7&rft.aulast=Minnerop&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Lachenmann%2C+Frauke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiKQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHristov1962" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hristov, Hristo (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chitanka.info/text/29695-selskite-vylnenija-i-buntove-1899-1900.epub"><i>Селските вълнения и бунтове 1899–1900</i></a> [<i>Peasant Disturbances and Rebellions 1899–1900</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(epub)</span> (in Bulgarian). Izdatelstvo na Natsionalnia Savet na Otechestvenia Front – via chitanka.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5+1899%E2%80%931900&rft.pub=Izdatelstvo+na+Natsionalnia+Savet+na+Otechestvenia+Front&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Hristov&rft.aufirst=Hristo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchitanka.info%2Ftext%2F29695-selskite-vylnenija-i-buntove-1899-1900.epub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What's Observed in a Rating? Rankings as Orientation in the Face of Uncertainty", by Elena Esposito and David Stark, in <i>The Performance Complex: Competition and Competitions in Social Life</i>, ed. by David Stark (Oxford University Press, 2020) p.124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGamow1985" class="citation book cs1">Gamow, Max (1985). <i>Thirty Years that Shook Physics</i>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486248950" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486248950"><bdi>978-0486248950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+that+Shook+Physics&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0486248950&rft.aulast=Gamow&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPakenham1979" class="citation book cs1">Pakenham, Thomas (1979). <i>The Boer War</i>. Jonathan Ball Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0868500461" title="Special:BookSources/978-0868500461"><bdi>978-0868500461</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boer+War&rft.pub=Jonathan+Ball+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0868500461&rft.aulast=Pakenham&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1999" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John (1999). <i>The Latin tinge : the impact of Latin American music on the United States</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195121018" title="Special:BookSources/9780195121018"><bdi>9780195121018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+tinge+%3A+the+impact+of+Latin+American+music+on+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780195121018&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130421045129/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/">"Sempo "Chiune" Sugihara, Japanese Savior"</a>. <i>The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/">the original</a> on April 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Raoul+Wallenberg+Foundation&rft.atitle=Sempo+%22Chiune%22+Sugihara%2C+Japanese+Savior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raoulwallenberg.net%2Fsaviors%2Fothers%2Fsempo-quot-chiune-quot-914%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-queen-maria-of-yugoslavia/">"HM Queen Maria of Yugoslavia"</a>. <i>Royal Family of Serbia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413202412/http://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-queen-maria-of-yugoslavia/">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Family+of+Serbia&rft.atitle=HM+Queen+Maria+of+Yugoslavia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalfamily.org%2Fdynasty%2Fhm-queen-maria-of-yugoslavia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/"><i>Dorothy Adams : Classic Movie Hub (CMH)</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917150900/http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/">archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Adams+%3A+Classic+Movie+Hub+%28CMH%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicmoviehub.com%2Fbio%2Fdorothy-adams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706062831/http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/">"Edith Frank"</a>. July 6, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/">the original</a> on July 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edith+Frank&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.annefrank.org%2Fen%2FAnne-Franks-History%2FAll-people%2FEdith-Frank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/67/101067806/">"Martita Hunt"</a>. <i>oxforddnb.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220125843/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/67/101067806/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxforddnb.com&rft.atitle=Martita+Hunt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Findex%2F67%2F101067806%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-01999.html">"American National Biography Online: Parsons, Betty"</a>. <i>anb.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322025247/http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-01999.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anb.org&rft.atitle=American+National+Biography+Online%3A+Parsons%2C+Betty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anb.org%2Farticles%2F17%2F17-01999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708132625/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/">"Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon - Ellen Broe"</a>. July 8, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/">the original</a> on July 8, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dansk+Kvindebiografisk+Leksikon+-+Ellen+Broe&rft.date=2007-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvinfo.dk%2Fside%2F597%2Fbio%2F313%2Forigin%2F170%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm">"Biographie de Jeanne Aubert (1900-1988)"</a>. <i>histoire-vesinet.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061414/http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=histoire-vesinet.org&rft.atitle=Biographie+de+Jeanne+Aubert+%281900-1988%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histoire-vesinet.org%2Fj-aubertbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlimpijski" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olimpijski, Polski Komitet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014212253/http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/bio/1020,konopacka-matuszewska-szczerbinska-halina-wlasciwie-leonarda-kazimiera.html">"Biografie • Polski Komitet Olimpijski"</a>. <i>olimpijski.pl</i> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/bio/1020,konopacka-matuszewska-szczerbinska-halina-wlasciwie-leonarda-kazimiera.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=olimpijski.pl&rft.atitle=Biografie+%E2%80%A2+Polski+Komitet+Olimpijski&rft.aulast=Olimpijski&rft.aufirst=Polski+Komitet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olimpijski.pl%2Fpl%2Fbio%2F1020%2Ckonopacka-matuszewska-szczerbinska-halina-wlasciwie-leonarda-kazimiera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mpositive-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mpositive_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/">"Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi"</a>. <i>mpositive.in</i>. August 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123142325/https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mpositive.in&rft.atitle=Maghfoor+Ahmad+Ajazi&rft.date=2020-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpositive.in%2Ftag%2Fdr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/">"Edna Best - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times"</a>. <i>projects.latimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063243/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=projects.latimes.com&rft.atitle=Edna+Best+-+Hollywood+Star+Walk+-+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.latimes.com%2Fhollywood%2Fstar-walk%2Fedna-best%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artway.eu/content.php?id=3366&lang=en&action=show">Willink, Carel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood-Ellem1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wood-Ellem" title="Elizabeth Wood-Ellem">Wood-Ellem, Elizabeth</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5LL854qzTAC"><i>Queen Sālote of Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900–1965</i></a>. Auckland, N.Z: Auckland University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2529-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2529-4"><bdi>978-0-8248-2529-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/262293605">262293605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+S%C4%81lote+of+Tonga%3A+The+Story+of+an+Era+1900%E2%80%931965&rft.place=Auckland%2C+N.Z&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F262293605&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2529-4&rft.aulast=Wood-Ellem&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5LL854qzTAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022045213/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F1935%2Fjoliot-fred%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enelvolcan.com/oct2013/294-fromm-otro-volcan-en-cuernavaca">"Fromm: otro volcán en Cuernavaca"</a> [Fromm: Another volcano in Cuernavaca] (in Spanish). En el Volcan. October 1, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531165844/http://www.enelvolcan.com/oct2013/294-fromm-otro-volcan-en-cuernavaca">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fromm%3A+otro+volc%C3%A1n+en+Cuernavaca&rft.pub=En+el+Volcan&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enelvolcan.com%2Foct2013%2F294-fromm-otro-volcan-en-cuernavaca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.J. Lloyd, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm">McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619150150/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm">Archived</a> June 19, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>', <a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>, Vol. 15, Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp 205–208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stefanie-fryland-clausen.com/">"Stefanie Fryland Clausen"</a>. <i>stefanie-fryland-clausen.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401112722/http://www.stefanie-fryland-clausen.com/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stefanie-fryland-clausen.com&rft.atitle=Stefanie+Fryland+Clausen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stefanie-fryland-clausen.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411235131/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652">"Biography - Marie Beuzeville Byles - Australian Dictionary of Biography"</a>. April 11, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652">the original</a> on April 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+-+Marie+Beuzeville+Byles+-+Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.date=2015-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fbyles-marie-beuzeville-9652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSichermanGreen1980" class="citation book cs1">Sicherman, Barbara; Green, Carol Hurd, eds. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7"><i>Notable American women : the modern period : a biographical dictionary</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674627338" title="Special:BookSources/9780674627338"><bdi>9780674627338</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6487187">6487187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+American+women+%3A+the+modern+period+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6487187&rft.isbn=9780674627338&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotableamericanw00sich_0%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121128230606/http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/">"Albertha Isaacs « Women Suffrage Bahamas"</a>. November 28, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/">the original</a> on November 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albertha+Isaacs+%C2%AB+Women+Suffrage+Bahamas&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensuffragebahamas.com%2Fhistory%2Fsuffrage-women%2Falbertha-isaacs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html">"ELIZABETH GOUDGE"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 27, 1984. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130034152/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ELIZABETH+GOUDGE&rft.date=1984-04-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F04%2F27%2Fobituaries%2Felizabeth-goudge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-F-Richter">Charles F. Richter American physicist</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961%2f2&pos=1"><i>Beryl Dent at the University of Bristol Department of Physics</i></a> (Document). Bristol: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> Physics Library. 2003. DM1961/2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020133627/https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961/2&pos=1">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beryl+Dent+at+the+University+of+Bristol+Department+of+Physics&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol+Physics+Library&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.bristol.ac.uk%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DDM1961%252f2%26pos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_HockeyVirginia_TrimbleThomas_R._WilliamsKatherine_Bracher2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Hockey; Virginia Trimble; Thomas R. Williams; Katherine Bracher; Richard A. Jarrell; Jordan D. Marché; JoAnn Palmeri; Daniel W. E. Green, eds. (2007). <i>The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers</i>. New York, NY: Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00hock_878/page/n907">876</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387304007" title="Special:BookSources/9780387304007"><bdi>9780387304007</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/184930573">184930573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+biographical+encyclopedia+of+astronomers&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=876&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F184930573&rft.isbn=9780387304007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRappaport2001" class="citation book cs1">Rappaport, Helen (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp"><i>Encyclopedia of women social reformers</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp/page/n162">125</a>–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1576075818" title="Special:BookSources/1576075818"><bdi>1576075818</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52710512">52710512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+women+social+reformers&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52710512&rft.isbn=1576075818&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediawome00rapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrow,_CharlenePerl,_Teri1998" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, Charlene; Perl, Teri, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notablewomeninma00morr"><i>Notable women in mathematics : a biographical dictionary</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313291319" title="Special:BookSources/9780313291319"><bdi>9780313291319</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36768082">36768082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+women+in+mathematics+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36768082&rft.isbn=9780313291319&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotablewomeninma00morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/godbold-lucile-ellerbe/">"Godbold, Lucile Ellerbe - South Carolina Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>South Carolina Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020035121/http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/godbold-lucile-ellerbe/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Godbold%2C+Lucile+Ellerbe+-+South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft.btitle=South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scencyclopedia.org%2Fsce%2Fentries%2Fgodbold-lucile-ellerbe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2000" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Paul (April 30, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html">"Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731204124/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Evelyn+Irons%2C+War+Reporter%2C+Is+Dead+at+99&rft.date=2000-04-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F04%2F30%2Fnyregion%2Fevelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHale1999" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Georgia (1999). <i>Charlie Chaplin: intimate close-ups</i>. Kiernan, Heather. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow. pp. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578860043" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578860043"><bdi>978-1578860043</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43929623">43929623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlie+Chaplin%3A+intimate+close-ups&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43929623&rft.isbn=978-1578860043&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoine-de-Saint-Exupery">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry French author</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982">"Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982)"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012231435/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Nellie+Mae+Rowe+%281900-1982%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Farts-culture%2Fnellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balfrink.html">Bernardus Johannes Cardinal Alfrink</a>. <i>Catholic Hierarchy</i>. Retrieved 25 Sep 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221111335/https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/">"Frederica Sagor Maas – Women Film Pioneers Project"</a>. <i>wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/">the original</a> on December 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Frederica+Sagor+Maas+%E2%80%93+Women+Film+Pioneers+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu%2Fpioneer%2Fccp-frederica-sagor-maas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evelyn-Laye">"Evelyn Laye | British actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103170449/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evelyn-Laye">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evelyn+Laye+%7C+British+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FEvelyn-Laye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220190538/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591307063.html">"Noce, Teresa (1900–1980)"</a>. <i>Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia</i>. January 1, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591307063.html">the original</a> on February 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Noce%2C+Teresa+%281900%E2%80%931980%29&rft.btitle=Women+in+World+History%3A+A+Biographical+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G2-2591307063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-queen-consort-of-United-Kingdom">"Elizabeth | queen consort of United Kingdom"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022195611/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-queen-consort-of-United-Kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+%7C+queen+consort+of+United+Kingdom&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FElizabeth-queen-consort-of-United-Kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryestelle-brody-1585164.html">"OBITUARY:Estelle Brody"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. June 6, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryestelle-brody-1585164.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=OBITUARY%3AEstelle+Brody&rft.date=1995-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituaryestelle-brody-1585164.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartmann" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hartmann, Lukas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lukashartmann.ch/pdf/1.7.a.Erw.Tochter%20Materialien.pdf">"Materialien zum Lukas Hartmanns Roman "Die Tochter des Jägers"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Lukas Hartmann</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201811/http://www.lukashartmann.ch/pdf/1.7.a.Erw.Tochter%20Materialien.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lukas+Hartmann&rft.atitle=Materialien+zum+Lukas+Hartmanns+Roman+%22Die+Tochter+des+J%C3%A4gers%22&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lukashartmann.ch%2Fpdf%2F1.7.a.Erw.Tochter%2520Materialien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTumminia2005" class="citation book cs1">Tumminia, Diana G. (2005). <i>When prophecy never fails : myth and reality in a flying-saucer group</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. Appendix 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195176759" title="Special:BookSources/9780195176759"><bdi>9780195176759</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56481658">56481658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+prophecy+never+fails+%3A+myth+and+reality+in+a+flying-saucer+group&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=Appendix+1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56481658&rft.isbn=9780195176759&rft.aulast=Tumminia&rft.aufirst=Diana+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore">"Colleen Moore | American actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023013242/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colleen+Moore+%7C+American+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FColleen-Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUhlenbrock" class="citation web cs1">Uhlenbrock, Jaimee P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brown.edu/Research/Breaking_Ground/bios/Thompson_Dorothy%20Burr.pdf">"Dorothy Burr Thompson 1900-2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brown University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809205352/http://www.brown.edu/Research/Breaking_Ground/bios/Thompson_Dorothy%20Burr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brown+University&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Burr+Thompson+1900-2001&rft.aulast=Uhlenbrock&rft.aufirst=Jaimee+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brown.edu%2FResearch%2FBreaking_Ground%2Fbios%2FThompson_Dorothy%2520Burr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623031546/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/devine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970">"Biography - Matilda Mary (Tilly) Devine - Australian Dictionary of Biography"</a>. June 23, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/devine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970">the original</a> on June 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+-+Matilda+Mary+%28Tilly%29+Devine+-+Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fdevine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langantiques.com/university/Belperron">"Belperron - AJU"</a>. <i>langantiques.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023064257/http://www.langantiques.com/university/Belperron">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=langantiques.com&rft.atitle=Belperron+-+AJU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langantiques.com%2Funiversity%2FBelperron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221031347/https://www.miguelaleman.org/index.php/biografias/presidente-miguel-aleman-valdes">"Biografia"</a> (in Spanish). Fundacion Miguel Aleman, A.C. Archived from the original on December 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biografia&rft.pub=Fundacion+Miguel+Aleman%2C+A.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miguelaleman.org%2Findex.php%2Fbiografias%2Fpresidente-miguel-aleman-valdes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin">"Bingxin | Chinese author"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330180156/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bingxin+%7C+Chinese+author&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBingxin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes">"Helen Hayes | American actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926082631/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Helen+Hayes+%7C+American+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHelen-Hayes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur">"Jean Arthur | American actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022200126/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jean+Arthur+%7C+American+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJean-Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/Bavly-Sarah">"Sarah Bavly | Jewish Women's Archive"</a>. <i>jwa.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603181316/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/bavly-sarah">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jwa.org&rft.atitle=Sarah+Bavly+%7C+Jewish+Women%27s+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2FBavly-Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/douglas-jardine-15481">Douglas Jardine England</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye">"Karin Boye | Swedish author"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812155655/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Karin+Boye+%7C+Swedish+author&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKarin-Boye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/wajid-ali-khan-burki">Wajid Ali Khan Burki</a>. <i>Royal College of Physicians</i>. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ragnar-Granit">"Ragnar Granit"</a>. <i>britannica.com</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ragnar+Granit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRagnar-Granit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell">"Margaret Mitchell | American novelist"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628021722/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Margaret+Mitchell+%7C+American+novelist&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMargaret-Mitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en">"AVC - Famous Racing drivers - Eliška Junková"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111929/https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AVC+-+Famous+Racing+drivers+-+Eli%C5%A1ka+Junkov%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auto-veteran.com%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Flatest-news%2Fitem%2F329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna">"Anna Seghers"</a>. <i>Jewish Women's Archive</i>. July 5, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010215329/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Women%27s+Archive&rft.atitle=Anna+Seghers&rft.date=2021-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2Fseghers-anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mildred-Gillars">"Mildred Gillars | American traitor"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026034057/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mildred-Gillars">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mildred+Gillars+%7C+American+traitor&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMildred-Gillars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarl_Grandin1938" class="citation web cs1">Karl Grandin, ed. (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/kuhn-bio.html">"Richard Kuhn Biography"</a>. <i>Les Prix Nobel</i>. The Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409215407/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/kuhn-bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Prix+Nobel&rft.atitle=Richard+Kuhn+Biography&rft.date=1938&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1938%2Fkuhn-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Agnes-Moorehead">"Agnes Moorehead | American actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419084143/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Agnes-Moorehead">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agnes+Moorehead+%7C+American+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAgnes-Moorehead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.uartlib.org/kateryna-bilokur-biographical-sketch/">"Kateryna Bilokur: Biographical sketch – Ukrainian Art Library"</a>. <i>en.uartlib.org</i>. January 22, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009125621/http://en.uartlib.org/kateryna-bilokur-biographical-sketch/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.uartlib.org&rft.atitle=Kateryna+Bilokur%3A+Biographical+sketch+%E2%80%93+Ukrainian+Art+Library&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.uartlib.org%2Fkateryna-bilokur-biographical-sketch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Cartwright.html">"Mary Cartwright Times obituary"</a>. <i>www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170512113259/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Cartwright.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Mary+Cartwright+Times+obituary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FObits%2FCartwright.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katina-Paxinou">"Katina Paxinou | Greek actress"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108165931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katina-Paxinou">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Katina+Paxinou+%7C+Greek+actress&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKatina-Paxinou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/brundage_margaret">"Authors : Brundage, Margaret : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>sf-encyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085100/http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/brundage_margaret">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sf-encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Authors+%3A+Brundage%2C+Margaret+%3A+SFE+%3A+Science+Fiction+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fbrundage_margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalmerón2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salmerón, Luis A. (July 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/quien-fue-ruben-jaramillo">"¿Quién fue Rubén Jaramillo?"</a> [Who was Ruben Jaramillo?] (in Spanish). Relatos e Historias de Mexico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415233833/https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/quien-fue-ruben-jaramillo">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n+fue+Rub%C3%A9n+Jaramillo%3F&rft.pub=Relatos+e+Historias+de+Mexico&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft.aulast=Salmer%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Luis+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frelatosehistorias.mx%2Fnuestras-historias%2Fquien-fue-ruben-jaramillo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3242352">"Obituary - Dr. James Martineau, London - January 12, 1900"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i>. January 15, 1900. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2014</span> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Obituary+-+Dr.+James+Martineau%2C+London+-+January+12%2C+1900&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1900-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article3242352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBernd_Rühle" class="citation web cs1">Bernd Rühle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505181133/http://www.carl-bechstein-gymnasium.de/profil/artikel/geschichte/erkner/erkneranerhefte/heft3.pdf">"Carl Bechstein (1826-1900) Über Leben und Lebenswerk eines grossen Klavierbauers..."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carl-bechstein-gymnasium.de/profil/artikel/geschichte/erkner/erkneranerhefte/heft3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carl+Bechstein+%281826-1900%29+%C3%9Cber+Leben+und+Lebenswerk+eines+grossen+Klavierbauers...&rft.au=Bernd+R%C3%BChle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carl-bechstein-gymnasium.de%2Fprofil%2Fartikel%2Fgeschichte%2Ferkner%2Ferkneranerhefte%2Fheft3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Henrietta-Kingsley">"Mary Henrietta Kingsley | English traveler"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702040809/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Henrietta-Kingsley">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mary+Henrietta+Kingsley+%7C+English+traveler&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMary-Henrietta-Kingsley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPanton2011" class="citation book cs1">Panton, James (February 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA40"><i>Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7497-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7497-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-7497-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8&rft.aulast=Panton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBiyyueBTpaMC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Liebknecht, Wilhelm"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Liebknecht,_Wilhelm">"Liebknecht, Wilhelm" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 592.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liebknecht%2C+Wilhelm&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=592&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/people/oscar-wilde">"Oscar Wilde"</a>. <i>www.bl.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112093040/https://www.bl.uk/people/oscar-wilde">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Oscar+Wilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fpeople%2Foscar-wilde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1900" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events...1900</i> (1901), vast compendium of data; global coverage <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DEwoAAAAMAAJ&q=intitle:cyclopaedia+intitle:events">online edition</a></li> <li>Gilbert, Martin. <i>A History of the Twentieth Century 1900-1933, Vol. 1</i> (1997) pp 7–35; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare.</li> <li>Herbert C. Fyfe, <i><a href="/wiki/Pearson%27s_Magazine" title="Pearson's Magazine">Pearson's Magazine</a></i>, July 1900: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forgottenfutures.com/library/wend/wend.htm">"How Will The World End?"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1904" title="January 1904">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1904" title="February 1904">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1904" title="March 1904">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1904" title="April 1904">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1904" title="May 1904">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1904" title="June 1904">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1904" title="July 1904">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1904" title="August 1904">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1904" title="September 1904">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1904" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1904">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1904" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1904">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1904" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1904">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1903" title="January 1903">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1903" title="February 1903">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1903" title="March 1903">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1903" title="April 1903">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1903" title="May 1903">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1903" title="June 1903">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1903" title="July 1903">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1903" title="August 1903">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1903" title="September 1903">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1903" title="October 1903">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1903" title="November 1903">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1903" title="December 1903">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1902" title="January 1902">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1902" title="February 1902">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1902" title="March 1902">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1902" title="April 1902">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1902" title="May 1902">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1902" title="June 1902">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1902" title="July 1902">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1902" title="August 1902">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1902" title="September 1902">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1902" title="October 1902">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1902" title="November 1902">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1902" title="December 1902">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1901" title="January 1901">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1901" title="February 1901">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1901" title="March 1901">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1901" title="April 1901">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1901" title="May 1901">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1901" title="June 1901">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1901" title="July 1901">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1901" title="August 1901">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1901" title="September 1901">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1901" title="October 1901">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1901" title="November 1901">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1901" title="December 1901">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1900</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1900" title="January 1900">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1900" title="February 1900">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1900" title="March 1900">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1900" title="April 1900">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1900" title="May 1900">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1900" title="June 1900">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1900" title="July 1900">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1900" title="August 1900">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1900" title="September 1900">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1900" title="October 1900">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1900" title="November 1900">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1900" title="December 1900">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jan</li> <li>Feb</li> <li>Mar</li> <li>Apr</li> <li>May</li> <li>Jun</li> <li>Jul</li> <li>Aug</li> <li>Sep</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1899" title="October 1899">Oct</a></li> <li>Nov</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1899" title="December 1899">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jan</li> <li>Feb</li> <li>Mar</li> <li>Apr</li> <li>May</li> <li>Jun</li> <li>Jul</li> <li>Aug</li> <li>Sep</li> <li>Oct</li> <li>Nov</li> <li>Dec</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jan</li> <li>Feb</li> <li>Mar</li> <li>Apr</li> <li>May</li> <li>Jun</li> <li>Jul</li> <li>Aug</li> <li>Sep</li> <li>Oct</li> <li>Nov</li> <li>Dec</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jan</li> <li>Feb</li> <li>Mar</li> <li>Apr</li> <li>May</li> <li>Jun</li> <li>Jul</li> <li>Aug</li> <li>Sep</li> <li>Oct</li> <li>Nov</li> <li>Dec</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jan</li> <li>Feb</li> <li>Mar</li> <li>Apr</li> <li>May</li> <li>Jun</li> <li>Jul</li> <li>Aug</li> <li>Sep</li> <li>Oct</li> <li>Nov</li> <li>Dec</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&oldid=1284641526">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&oldid=1284641526</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900" title="Category:1900">1900</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Bulgarian-language_sources_(bg)" title="Category:CS1 Bulgarian-language sources (bg)">CS1 Bulgarian-language sources (bg)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 April 2025, at 20:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1900&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">1900</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>197 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57b5f8f879-tfx9r","wgBackendResponseTime":230,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.238","walltime":"1.609","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10856,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":192731,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4261,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":168,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":283804,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1252.437 1 -total"," 35.44% 443.857 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.31% 204.225 1 Template:Year_article_header"," 15.87% 198.805 1 Template:C19_year_in_topic"," 11.75% 147.122 16 Template:Cite_book"," 11.71% 146.669 31 Template:Cite_web"," 11.24% 140.740 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc"," 8.94% 111.993 1 Template:Events_by_month_links"," 8.61% 107.864 1 Template:Events_by_month_links/box"," 8.44% 105.657 1 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.633","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22511519,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-bd4b75b84-gjjzv","timestamp":"20250408205215","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1900","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1900","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2034","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2034","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-15T05:03:48Z","dateModified":"2025-04-08T20:52:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/Black_body.svg","headline":"calendar year"}</script> </body> </html>