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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Bangkok" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Bangkok" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Bangkok" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Provinciale_symbolen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinciale_symbolen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Provinciale symbolen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinciale_symbolen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestuurlijke_indeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bestuurlijke indeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestuurlijke_indeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevolking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevolking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bevolking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bevolking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bevolking-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bevolking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadsbeeld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsbeeld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Stadsbeeld</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stadsbeeld-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Stadsbeeld-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stadsbeeld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tempels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tempels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkeer_en_vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verkeer en vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Verkeer en vervoer-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vervoer_over_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer_over_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vervoer over water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer_over_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wegen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wegen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Wegen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wegen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skytrain,_metro_en_trein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skytrain,_metro_en_trein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Skytrain, metro en trein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skytrain,_metro_en_trein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luchthavens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luchthavens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Luchthavens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luchthavens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Economie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kleinhandel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kleinhandel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Kleinhandel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kleinhandel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toerisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toerisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Toerisme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toerisme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toerisme-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toerisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bezienswaardigheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bezienswaardigheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winkelen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winkelen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Winkelen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winkelen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nachtleven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nachtleven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Nachtleven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nachtleven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prostitutie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prostitutie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Prostitutie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prostitutie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actuele_problemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actuele_problemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Actuele problemen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Actuele_problemen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Actuele problemen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Actuele_problemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Luchtvervuiling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luchtvervuiling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Luchtvervuiling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luchtvervuiling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sloppenwijken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sloppenwijken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sloppenwijken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sloppenwijken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auteursrechtschendingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auteursrechtschendingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Auteursrechtschendingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auteursrechtschendingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterproblematiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterproblematiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Waterproblematiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterproblematiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stedenbanden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stedenbanden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Stedenbanden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stedenbanden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Geboren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangkok</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 215 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-215" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">215 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8A%AE%E1%8A%AD" title="ባንግኮክ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባንግኮክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="بانكوك – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانكوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="بانكوك – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بانكوك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="بانكوك – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بانكوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95" title="বেংকক – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেংকক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banqkok" title="Banqkok – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Banqkok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بانکوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بانکوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankoks" title="Bankoks – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bankoks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Банкок – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Банкок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="बैंकाक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बैंकाक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဝေင်ꩻဗန်ကောက် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဝေင်ꩻဗန်ကောက်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95" title="ব্যাংকক – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাংকক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82" title="པན་ཀོག – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པན་ཀོག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95" title="চাংৱাত ব্যাংকক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চাংৱাত ব্যাংকক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A9" title="بانکۆک – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بانکۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="बैङ्कक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बैङ्कक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BA" title="Μπανγκόκ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπανγκόκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankoko" title="Bankoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bankoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بانکوک – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بانکوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc%C3%A1c" title="Bancác – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bancác" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A3koke" title="Vãkoke – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vãkoke" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7" title="בנגקוק – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנגקוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95" title="बैंकॉक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बैंकॉक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AF" title="Բանգկոկ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանգկոկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%84" title="Պանքոք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պանքոք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AF" title="バンコク – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンコク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბანგკოკი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანგკოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%8Bk%C9%94k%C9%A9" title="Paŋkɔkɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Paŋkɔkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80" title="បាងកក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បាងកក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಾಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಾಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%BD%95" title="방콕 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방콕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بینٛگ کوک – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بینٛگ کوک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancocum" title="Bancocum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bancocum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangcoc" title="Bangcoc – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bangcoc" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangk%C3%B2k" title="Bangkòk – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bangkòk" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ບາງກອກ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບາງກອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankokas" title="Bankokas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bankokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkoka" title="Bangkoka – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bangkoka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="बैङ्कक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बैङ्कक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാങ്കോക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാങ്കോക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95" title="बँकॉक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बँकॉक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banguecoque" title="Banguecoque – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Banguecoque" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘန်ကောက်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘန်ကောက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بانکوک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بانکوک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="बैङ्कक – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बैङ्कक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="बैंकक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बैंकक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%CA%BCiltah_T%C3%A1b%C4%85%C4%85hkin" title="Chʼiltah Tábąąhkin – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chʼiltah Tábąąhkin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangk%C3%B2k" title="Bangkòk – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bangkòk" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95" title="ਬੈਂਕਾਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੈਂਕਾਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="بینکاک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بینکاک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بانکوک – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بانکوک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banguecoque" title="Banguecoque – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banguecoque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Банкок – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Банкок" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Баҥкок – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Баҥкок" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%A7%DA%AA" title="بينڪاڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بينڪاڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%B5%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၵုင်းထဵပ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵုင်းထဵပ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="බැංකොක් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බැංකොක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkoku" title="Bangkoku – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bangkoku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-ku" title="Man-ku – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Man-ku" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பேங்காக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேங்காக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="బ్యాంకాక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్యాంకాక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3" title="กรุงเทพมหานคร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรุงเทพมหานคร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="باڭكوك – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باڭكوك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бангкок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="بینکاک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بینکاک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankok" title="Bankok – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bankok" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83ng_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Băng Cốc – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Băng Cốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok_(Thailand)" title="Bangkok (Thailand) – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bangkok (Thailand)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7" title="曼谷 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="曼谷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Бангкок балһсн – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бангкок балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბანგკოკი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბანგკოკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A7" title="באנגקאק – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באנגקאק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manguz" title="Manguz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Manguz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7" title="曼谷 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼谷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7" title="曼谷 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="曼谷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bangkok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7" title="曼谷 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="曼谷" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Coordinaten"><span class="plainlinks" title="Klik op de coördinaten om een plattegrond of satellietfoto te bekijken" style="font-size:87%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coördinaten"><img alt="Coördinaten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/23px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=13_45_0_N_100_31_0_E_type:city(6642566)_region:TH&pagename=Bangkok">13° 45′ NB, 100° 31′ OL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_(doorverwijspagina)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bangkok (doorverwijspagina)">Bangkok (doorverwijspagina)</a> voor andere betekenissen van Bangkok.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Bangkok</b><br />Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Plaats in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Thailand"><img alt="Vlag van Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/40px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Thailand_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangkok (Thailand)"><img alt="Bangkok (Thailand)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thailand_adm_location_map.svg/266px-Thailand_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="468" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thailand_adm_location_map.svg/399px-Thailand_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thailand_adm_location_map.svg/532px-Thailand_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1849" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 45.1%; left: 38.4%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bangkok"><img alt="Bangkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=13_045_00_N_100_031_00_E_type:city(10000)_scale:25000_region:TH&pagename=Bangkok">13° 45′ NB, 100° 31′ OL</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2"><b>Algemene informatie</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td>1.568,7 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inwoners <br /><small class="nowrap">(2018)</small> </th> <td>10.283.615 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoogte_(geografie)" title="Hoogte (geografie)">Hoogte</a> </th> <td>1,5 m </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overig </th></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangkok.go.th">bangkok.go.th</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Foto's </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bangkok_montage_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bangkok_montage_3.jpg/266px-Bangkok_montage_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bangkok_montage_3.jpg/399px-Bangkok_montage_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bangkok_montage_3.jpg/532px-Bangkok_montage_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2020" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Zuidoost-Azi%C3%AB" title="Portaal:Zuidoost-Azië">Zuidoost-Azië</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg/200px-Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg/300px-Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg/400px-Wat_Phra_Kaew_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wat_Phra_Kaew_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wat Phra Kaew (hoofdbetekenis)">Wat Phra Kaew</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bangkok</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_(taal)" title="Thai (taal)">Thai</a>: <span lang="th" title="Thai">กรุงเทพมหานคร</span>, <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Th-Krung_Thep_Maha_Nakhon.ogg\/Th-Krung_Thep_Maha_Nakhon.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<i>Krung Thep Maha Nakhon<\/i>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"nl","wikibase":"","file":"Th-Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Th-Krung_Thep_Maha_Nakhon.ogg/Th-Krung_Thep_Maha_Nakhon.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Geluid afspelen" title="Geluid afspelen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><i>Krung Thep Maha Nakhon</i></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Th-Krung_Thep_Maha_Nakhon.ogg" title="Bestand:Th-Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is de <a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">hoofdstad</a> en met 10.283.615 geregistreerde inwoners (2018) tevens de grootste stad van <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. De bevolking van de hele agglomeratie Bangkok, die zich tot buiten de grenzen van de speciale bestuurlijke regio uitstrekt, wordt geschat op zo'n 21 miljoen inwoners. De stad is gevestigd op de oostelijke oever van de rivier de Chao Phraya, dicht bij de <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Thailand" title="Golf van Thailand">Golf van Thailand</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinciale_symbolen">Provinciale symbolen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Provinciale symbolen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Provinciale symbolen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Seal_Bangkok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_Bangkok.png/100px-Seal_Bangkok.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_Bangkok.png/150px-Seal_Bangkok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_Bangkok.png/200px-Seal_Bangkok.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangkok.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/200px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top">Het <a href="/wiki/Grootzegel" title="Grootzegel">zegel</a> van de stad toont de god Indra die in de wolken rijdt op <a href="/wiki/Erawan" title="Erawan">Erawan</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Olifanten" title="Olifanten">olifantvormige</a> god. In zijn hand houdt Indra een <a href="/wiki/Bliksem" title="Bliksem">bliksemschicht</a>, zijn wapen waarmee hij de droogte kan wegjagen. Het zegel is gebaseerd op een schilderij door Somdej Chaofa Kromphraya Narisranuwattiwong.<br /> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Bangkok" title="Vlag van Bangkok">vlag van Bangkok</a> toont het wapenschild tegen een groene achtergrond. De symbolische boom van Bangkok is de <i><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benjamina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ficus benjamina">Ficus benjamina</a></i>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam">Naam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Thaise naam voor Bangkok is Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, waarin "Maha Nakhon" 'grote stad' betekent. Vaker wordt de stad kortweg <b>Krung Thep</b> genoemd. De volledige ceremoniële naam van de stad is: <b>Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Ayuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_(taal)" title="Thai (taal)">Thai</a>: <span lang="th" title="Thai">กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุธยามหาดิลก ภพนพรัตน์ราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์ มหาสถานอมรพิมาน อวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะ วิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์</span>). </p><p>Vertaling: <i>De stad van engelen, de grote stad, de woonplaats van de <a href="/wiki/Smaragdgroene_Boeddha" title="Smaragdgroene Boeddha">Smaragdgroene Boeddha</a>, de ondoordringbare stad (in tegenstelling tot <a href="/wiki/Historisch_Park_Ayutthaya" title="Historisch Park Ayutthaya">Ayutthaya</a>) van de god <a href="/wiki/Indra_(mythologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indra (mythologie)">Indra</a>, de grote hoofdstad van de wereld die met negen kostbare edelstenen is begiftigd, de gelukkige stad, rijk aan een enorm <a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Paleis_van_Bangkok" title="Koninklijk Paleis van Bangkok">Koninklijk Paleis</a> dat gelijkt op de hemelse woonplaats waar de gereïncarneerde god regeert, een stad die door Indra is gegeven en die door Vishnukarn is gebouwd.</i> </p><p>Krung Thep heeft het wereldrecord voor de langste plaatsnaam. De plaatselijke schoolkinderen wordt de volledige naam onderwezen, hoewel weinigen de betekenis kunnen verklaren, omdat veel van de woorden <a href="/wiki/Archa%C3%AFsme" title="Archaïsme">archaïsch</a> zijn. </p><p>Toen Ayutthaya de hoofdstad was van het toenmalige Siam, was Bangkok een kleine plaats bij de riviermonding bij zee, toenmalig een handelsplaatsje met verbinding naar open zee voor Ayutthaya. Letterlijk komt de naam Bangkok waarschijnlijk van (fonetisch) <b>Baang-kok</b> (บางกอก) wat 'een stuk land aan de rivier met olijfbomen' betekent. De naam Bangkok wordt buiten Thailand algemeen gebruikt voor de aanduiding van de hoofdstad, maar niet door de Thais. Deze spreken eigenlijk uitsluitend over Krung-Thep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangkok begon als klein handelscentrum en als haven voor <a href="/wiki/Historisch_Park_Ayutthaya" title="Historisch Park Ayutthaya">Ayutthaya</a>, de toenmalige hoofdstad van het land. In 1767 werd deze stad door het Birmese leger veroverd en volledig platgebrand. Generaal Phraya Tak moest zich met zijn leger terugtrekken uit Ayutthaya maar het lukte hem om de Birmezen uiteindelijk uit centraal Thailand te verdrijven. Nadat de koning overleed kroonde Phraya Tak zichzelf tot koning (koning <a href="/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Taksin</a>) en stichtte in 1768 een nieuwe hoofdstad in de provincie Thonburi aan de westoever van de rivier de <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao Phraya">Chao Phraya</a>. De tempel <a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a> bevond zich binnen de toenmalige paleismuren. </p><p>Later liet de opvolger van Taksin, koning <a href="/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Rama I</a>, de hoofdstad verplaatsen naar de oostoever, waar de stad nog beter te verdedigen zou zijn tegen aanvallen vanuit Birma. Hij liet de stad bouwen op puin dat uit de voormalige hoofdstad Ayutthaya werd aangeleverd per boot. Het bouwplan van de stad moest in grote lijnen overeenkomen met dat van Ayutthaya. Het koninklijk paleis en de daarbij behorende tempel op het <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_(eiland)" title="Rattanakosin (eiland)">eiland Rattanakosin</a> zouden het hart van de stad gaan vormen. Op de plek die daarvoor aangewezen was, woonde een groep invloedrijke Chinese kooplieden die daarvoor moesten verhuizen naar een locatie ten zuiden van hun vorige wijk. Hun nieuwe wijk staat nog altijd bekend als <a href="/wiki/Thanon_Yaowarat" title="Thanon Yaowarat">Chinatown</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg/260px-Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg/390px-Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg/520px-Eduard_Hildebrandt_Blick_auf_Bangkok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Blik op Bangkok halverwege 19e eeuw</figcaption></figure><p>Vanaf de jaren 1850 ontstonden er belangrijke handelsbetrekkingen met Europese steden en Noord-Amerika. In diezelfde periode, onder het bewind van koning <a href="/wiki/Rama_IV" title="Rama IV">Mongkut (Rama IV)</a> en diens opvolger koning <a href="/wiki/Rama_V" title="Rama V">Chulalongkorn (Rama V)</a>, maakte de stad een grote modernisering door. Zo werden de eerste betonnen wegen aangelegd samen met een spoorweg en een tramlijn. Aan de vooravond van de 20e eeuw zette de ontwikkeling en uitbreiding van de stad door en landelijke gebieden werden omgevormd tot residentiële wijken. Verscheidene kanalen werden dichtgemaakt om meer wegen te kunnen aanleggen. </p><p>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> werd Bangkok enige tijd bezet door Japan en gebombardeerd door de geallieerden. Doordat de stad door de Amerikanen werd gebruikt als uitvalsbasis tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Vietnamoorlog" title="Vietnamoorlog">Vietnamoorlog</a> (soldaten vanuit het front kwamen in Bangkok weer op adem) kon het zowel economisch als in bevolkingsaantal flink groeien. De Amerikanen investeerden flink in de stad, onder meer op het gebied van infrastructuur. In de jaren 60 groeide de stad van 1,8 naar 3 miljoen inwoners. Nadat Amerika zich terugtrok uit Vietnam, namen voornamelijk Japanse bedrijven hun rol als belangrijkste investeerders in Bangkok over. De stad bleef ook in de jaren 80 en 90 flink groeien totdat in 1997 in Azië de financiële crisis toesloeg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangkok ligt in de <a href="/wiki/Rivierdelta" title="Rivierdelta">rivierdelta</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao Phraya">Chao Phraya</a>. Deze rivier mondt zo'n 25 kilometer ten zuiden van de stad uit in de <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Thailand" title="Golf van Thailand">Golf van Thailand</a>. De stad ligt in een vlak gebied, ongeveer 1,5 meter boven zeeniveau. Het grootste deel van het gebied was voorheen <a href="/wiki/Drasland" title="Drasland">drasland</a>. Stukje bij beetje werd de moerassige grond vanaf de 16e eeuw geschikt gemaakt voor landbouw en bebouwing. Hiertoe werden vele kanalen (<a href="/wiki/Khlong" title="Khlong">khlongs</a>) aangelegd voor de afwatering. </p><p>Bangkok is een speciale bestuurlijke regio in Thailand. De stedelijke agglomeratie van Groot-Bangkok strekt zich uit voorbij de grenzen van Bangkok, tot in de naburige provincies <a href="/wiki/Changwat_Nonthaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Changwat Nonthaburi">Nonthaburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changwat_Samut_Prakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Changwat Samut Prakan">Samut Prakan</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Changwat_Pathum_Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Changwat Pathum Thani">Pathum Thani</a>. Bangkok heeft - in tegenstelling tot wat het geval is bij de provincies - een gekozen gouverneur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bestuurlijke_indeling">Bestuurlijke indeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bestuurlijke indeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bestuurlijke indeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of Bangkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg/470px-Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg.png" decoding="async" width="470" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg/705px-Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg/940px-Khet_Bangkok_12_groups.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Kaart met de 50 stadsdistricten van Bangkok, onderverdeeld in 12 clusters: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68724794">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.9em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:10em; column-count:3;"> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FDB462; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_(eiland)" title="Rattanakosin (eiland)">Rattanakosin</a></span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FFFFB3; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Lumphini</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #BEBADA; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Vibhavadi</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FB8072; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Chao Phraya</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #80B1D3; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Thonburi</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FCCDE5; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Taksin</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #B3DE69; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Phra Nakhon Nuea</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #8DD3C7; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Burapha</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #D9D9D9; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Suwinthawong</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #BC80BD; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Sinakharin</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #CCEBC5; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Mahasawat</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #F8A20C; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Sanam Chai</span></div> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Bangkok is de enige stad die niet in districten (<i><a href="/wiki/Amphoe" title="Amphoe">amphoe</a></i>) is onderverdeeld, maar in stadsdistricten (<i>khet</i>). De stadsdistricten zijn op hun beurt weer onderverdeeld in wijken (<i>khweng</i>) en niet in gemeentes (<i><a href="/wiki/Tambon" title="Tambon">tambon</a></i>) zoals in de provincies in Thailand. De namen van de vijftig stadsdistricten zijn: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68724794"><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:11em; column-count:3;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Phra_Nakhon" title="Phra Nakhon">Phra Nakhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusit" title="Dusit">Dusit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Chok" title="Nong Chok">Nong Chok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Rak" title="Bang Rak">Bang Rak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Khen" title="Bang Khen">Bang Khen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Kapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Kapi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bang Kapi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pathum_Wan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathum Wan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pathum Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pom_Prap_Sattru_Phai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pom Prap Sattru Phai (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pom Prap Sattru Phai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phra_Khanong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phra Khanong (de pagina bestaat niet)">Phra Khanong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minburi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minburi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Minburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lat_Krabang" title="Lat Krabang">Lat Krabang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Nawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Nawa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yan Nawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samphanthawong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samphanthawong (de pagina bestaat niet)">Samphanthawong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaya_Thai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaya Thai (de pagina bestaat niet)">Phaya Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi">Thonburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok_Yai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangkok Yai (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bangkok Yai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huai_Khwang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huai Khwang (de pagina bestaat niet)">Huai Khwang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khlong_San&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khlong San (de pagina bestaat niet)">Khlong San</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taling_Chan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taling Chan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Taling Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok_Noi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangkok Noi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bangkok Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Khun_Thian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Khun Thian (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bang Khun Thian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phasi_Charoen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phasi Charoen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Phasi Charoen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nong_Khaem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nong Khaem (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nong Khaem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rat_Burana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rat Burana (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rat Burana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Phlat" title="Bang Phlat">Bang Phlat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Din_Daeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Din Daeng (de pagina bestaat niet)">Din Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bueng_Kum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bueng Kum (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bueng Kum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathorn" title="Sathorn">Sathon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Sue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Sue (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bang Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatuchak_(district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatuchak (district) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chatuchak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Kho_Laem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Kho Laem (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bang Kho Laem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawet" title="Prawet">Prawet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khlong_Toei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khlong Toei (de pagina bestaat niet)">Khlong Toei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suan_Luang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suan Luang (de pagina bestaat niet)">Suan Luang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chom_Thong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chom Thong (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chom Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Mueang_(district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Mueang (district) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Don Mueang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratchathewi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratchathewi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ratchathewi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lat_Phrao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lat Phrao (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lat Phrao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watthana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watthana (de pagina bestaat niet)">Watthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Khae" title="Bang Khae">Bang Khae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lak_Si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lak Si (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lak Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Mai" title="Sai Mai">Sai Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_Na_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan Na Yao (de pagina bestaat niet)">Khan Na Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saphan_Sung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saphan Sung (de pagina bestaat niet)">Saphan Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Thonglang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Thonglang (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wang Thonglang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlong_Sam_Wa" title="Khlong Sam Wa">Khlong Sam Wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Na" title="Bang Na">Bang Na</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thawi_Watthana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thawi Watthana (de pagina bestaat niet)">Thawi Watthana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thung_Khru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thung Khru (de pagina bestaat niet)">Thung Khru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Bon" title="Bang Bon">Bang Bon</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klimaat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zoals het grootste deel van Thailand heeft Bangkok een tropisch klimaat. Het kent warme, koelere en regenachtige seizoenen al komt de temperatuur ook 's nachts vrijwel nooit onder de 20 °C. Volgens de <i>World Meteorological Organization</i> is Bangkok zelfs qua gemiddelde (jaar)temperatuur de warmste stad ter wereld. De warme maanden zijn zo goed als droog, al kunnen er dan soms zomerstormen met hevige (maar korte) regenbuien voorkomen. De hoogst gemeten temperatuur in Bangkok is 40,8 °C (mei 1983) en het kouderecord staat op 9,9 °C in januari 1955. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Weergemiddelden voor Bangkok </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="januari" style="width:3em">jan </th> <th title="februari" style="width:3em">feb </th> <th title="maart" style="width:3em">mrt </th> <th title="april" style="width:3em">apr </th> <th title="mei" style="width:3em">mei </th> <th title="juni" style="width:3em">jun </th> <th title="juli" style="width:3em">jul </th> <th title="augustus" style="width:3em">aug </th> <th title="september" style="width:3em">sep </th> <th title="oktober" style="width:3em">okt </th> <th title="november" style="width:3em">nov </th> <th title="december" style="width:3em">dec </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;">Gemiddeld maximum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33 </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">35 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32 </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>32,8 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;">Gemiddeld minimum (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25 </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26 </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26 </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23 </td> <td style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21 </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>24,2 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Neerslag_(atmosfeer)" title="Neerslag (atmosfeer)">Neerslag</a> (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">70 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">190 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">180 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">320 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000064; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">230 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #1428FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">1.410 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%;"><i>Bron: weatherbase.com</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bevolking">Bevolking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bevolking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bevolking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg/260px-Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg/390px-Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg/520px-Thien_Fa_New_Year.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Thien Fa shrine in het <a href="/wiki/Thanon_Yaowarat" title="Thanon Yaowarat">Chinatown van Bangkok</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Grand_Palace_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Grand_Palace_02.jpg/260px-Grand_Palace_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Grand_Palace_02.jpg/390px-Grand_Palace_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Grand_Palace_02.jpg/520px-Grand_Palace_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Paleis_van_Bangkok" title="Koninklijk Paleis van Bangkok">Koninklijk Paleis / Grand Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg/260px-Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg/390px-Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg/520px-Vimanmek_Palace_stage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vimanmekpaleis" title="Vimanmekpaleis">Vimanmekpaleis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg/260px-Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg/390px-Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg/520px-Wat_Benchamabophit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2970" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wat_Benchamabophit" title="Wat Benchamabophit">Wat Benchamabophit</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG/260px-Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG/390px-Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG/520px-Bangkok_river_taxi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat" title="Chao Phraya Express Boat">Chao Phraya Express Boat</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg/260px-Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg/390px-Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg/520px-Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Skyline van Bangkok met de <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Skytrain" title="Bangkok Skytrain">Skytrain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg/260px-Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg/390px-Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg/520px-Weekend_market_bangkok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Overdekte markt in Bangkok</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Khaosan_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Khaosan_road.jpg/260px-Khaosan_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Khaosan_road.jpg/390px-Khaosan_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Khaosan_road.jpg/520px-Khaosan_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khao_San" title="Khao San">Khao San Road</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG/200px-Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG/300px-Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG/400px-Bangkok_Wat_Arun_P1130100.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bangkok_P1100342.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangkok_P1100342.JPG/260px-Bangkok_P1100342.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangkok_P1100342.JPG/390px-Bangkok_P1100342.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bangkok_P1100342.JPG/520px-Bangkok_P1100342.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Streetfood</i> in Bangkok</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Soi_Cowboy_(15351434931).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg/260px-Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg/390px-Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg/520px-Soi_Cowboy_%2815351434931%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soi_Cowboy" title="Soi Cowboy">Soi Cowboy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG/260px-Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG/390px-Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG/520px-Jim_Thompson_House_Bangkok_P1110293.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thompson_(zakenman)" title="Jim Thompson (zakenman)">Jim Thompson</a> House</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgens een volkstelling in 2010 heeft Bangkok 8.280.925 inwoners. Dat is 12,6% van de bevolking van Thailand. Er zijn echter maar 5.701.394 inwoners (2.400.540 huishoudens) officieel geregistreerd in de stad. De bevolking is divers van samenstelling. Naast Thai uit alle delen van het land ziet men er ook veel Chinezen, immigranten uit <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> en vele <a href="/wiki/Expatriates_in_Thailand" title="Expatriates in Thailand">expats</a> uit alle delen van de wereld. </p> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Datum</th> <th>Inwoners </th></tr> <tr> <td>1880</td> <td class="ta-right">255.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910</td> <td class="ta-right">365.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 april 1919</td> <td class="ta-right">437.294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 juli 1929</td> <td class="ta-right">713.384 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 mei 1937</td> <td class="ta-right">890.453 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Datum </th> <th>Inwoners </th></tr> <tr> <td>25 april 1947</td> <td class="ta-right">1.178.881 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 april 1960</td> <td class="ta-right">2.136.435 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 april 1970</td> <td class="ta-right">3.077.361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 april 1980</td> <td class="ta-right">4.697.071 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 april 1990</td> <td class="ta-right">5.882.411 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Datum </th> <th>Inwoners </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 april 2000</td> <td class="ta-right">6.320.174 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 januari 2005</td> <td class="ta-right">6.642.566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 juli 2007</td> <td class="ta-right">8.160.522 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religie">Religie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Religie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sinds 1965 is de stad de zetel van het <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">rooms-katholieke</a> <a href="/wiki/Aartsbisdom_Bangkok" title="Aartsbisdom Bangkok">aartsbisdom Bangkok</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadsbeeld">Stadsbeeld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stadsbeeld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stadsbeeld"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het historische centrum van Bangkok is het eiland <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_(eiland)" title="Rattanakosin (eiland)">Rattanakosin</a>. Hier bevinden zich een aantal toeristische trekpleisters zoals het <a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Paleis_van_Bangkok" title="Koninklijk Paleis van Bangkok">Koninklijk Paleis</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Wat_Pho" title="Wat Pho">Wat Pho</a>. Begin 19e eeuw werd de stad uitgebreid met het <a href="/wiki/Dusit" title="Dusit">Dusit</a> district waar koning Bhumipol zijn nieuwe paleis liet bouwen; het teakhouten <a href="/wiki/Vimanmekpaleis" title="Vimanmekpaleis">Vimanmekpaleis</a>. Ook het woonpaleis van de vorige koning, <a href="/wiki/Rama_IX" title="Rama IX">Bhumibol</a> bevindt zich in dit district, evenals een aantal belangrijke overheidsgebouwen waaronder het oude parlementsgebouw. </p><p>In contrast met deze historische districten staan de wolkenkrabbers in de zakendistricten zoals <a href="/wiki/Bang_Rak" title="Bang Rak">Bang Rak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silom" title="Silom">Silom</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Sathon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sathon">Sathon</a>. Grote nationale en internationale bedrijven hebben hier hun hoofdkantoren en ook de bekende <a href="/wiki/Prostitutie" title="Prostitutie">prostitutiegebieden</a> bevinden zich hier. Een aantal van de grootste winkelcentra van Azië bevinden zich in en rondom de districten Siam en Ratchaprasong. Bangkok telde in 2011 117 wolkenkrabbers die hoger zijn dan 100 meter, wat de stad een notitie in de lijst van 23 steden met meeste hoogbouw opleverde in dat jaar. </p><p>Bangkok heeft niet echt één stadscentrum; het Siamgebied wordt vaak als het centrum gezien, omdat zich daar de meeste grote winkelcentra bevinden. Ook is daar het enige overstapstation dat de twee lijnen van de <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Skytrain" title="Bangkok Skytrain">Skytrain</a> verbindt: Siam Station. Door deze Skytrain en de <i>express ways</i>, die beide op betonnen pijlers boven straatniveau liggen, is veel zicht vanaf de grote belangrijke verbindingswegen aan het oog onttrokken. Een straat als <a href="/wiki/Silom" title="Silom">Silom</a> was in de jaren 90 van de 20e eeuw nog een open straat. Nu lijkt ze door de Skytrain meer op een tunnel. </p><p>Bangkok telt diverse universiteiten, een kunstacademie, een nationaal theater, en een <a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Museum_(Bangkok)" title="Nationaal Museum (Bangkok)">Nationaal Museum</a>. De stad heeft ook groen. Midden in Bangkok ligt het grote <a href="/wiki/Lumphini_Park" title="Lumphini Park">Lumphini Park</a>, en iets buiten het centrum liggen nog diverse andere parken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempels">Tempels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tempels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tempels"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie ook: <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_bezienswaardigheden_in_Bangkok" title="Lijst van bezienswaardigheden in Bangkok">Lijst van bezienswaardigheden in Bangkok</a></i></div> <p>Het stadsbeeld van Bangkok kenmerkt zich ook door de aanwezigheid van de vele <a href="/wiki/Wat_(tempel)" title="Wat (tempel)">wats</a>, boeddhistische tempels. Ook <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cultuur" title="Chinese cultuur">Chinese</a> tempels zijn op veel plaatsen aanwezig. Vanaf een hoog punt zijn talloze gouden daken van de tempels zichtbaar. Zelfs tegenwoordig komen er nog altijd nieuwe tempels bij. Een aantal bekende tempels in Bangkok zijn: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erawanschrijn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erawanschrijn (de pagina bestaat niet)">Erawanschrijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Phra_Kaew_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wat Phra Kaew (hoofdbetekenis)">Wat Phra Kaew</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Smaragdgroene_Boeddha" title="Smaragdgroene Boeddha">Smaragdgroene Boeddha</a> bij het Koninklijk Paleis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Pho" title="Wat Pho">Wat Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Benchamabophit" title="Wat Benchamabophit">Wat Benchamabophit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkeer_en_vervoer">Verkeer en vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verkeer en vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verkeer en vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervoer_over_water">Vervoer over water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vervoer over water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vervoer over water"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omdat Bangkok werd gebouwd op de oevers van een rivier, was transport per water lange tijd de belangrijkste vorm van vervoer in de stad. Er werden vele kanalen (<i><a href="/wiki/Khlong" title="Khlong">khlongs</a></i>) aangelegd, wat de stad de bijnaam <i><a href="/wiki/Veneti%C3%ABs_van_deze_wereld" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetiës van deze wereld">Venetië van het Oosten</a></i> opleverde. De khlongs werden gebruikt voor transport en drijvende markten, maar ook voor het dumpen van afvalwater. Vandaag de dag zijn de meeste van de khlongs gedempt en drukke straten geworden, hoewel aan de <a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi">Thonburizijde</a> van Bangkok (gebieden ten westen van de rivier de Chao Phraya), nog enkele grote khlongs stromen. Over het water van de Chao Phraya vaart de <i><a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat" title="Chao Phraya Express Boat">Express Boat</a></i> die zowel toeristen als de lokale bevolking een snelle en efficiënte manier van openbaar vervoer biedt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wegen">Wegen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wegen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wegen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De belangrijkste verkeersaders van Bangkok, zoals <a href="/wiki/Silom" title="Silom">Silom</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sukhumvit" title="Sukhumvit">Sukhumvit</a>, staan erom bekend dat het verkeer daar vrijwel altijd stilstaat. Het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autogebruik_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autogebruik in Thailand (de pagina bestaat niet)">rijden in een auto</a> geeft de bewoners van Bangkok aanzien. Wie niet met zijn auto naar het werk komt, verdient blijkbaar niet genoeg, in de gedachten van de Thai. Enkele nieuwe op pijlers boven andere straten aangelegde expressways (waaronder de <a href="/wiki/Bang_Na_Expressway" title="Bang Na Expressway">Bang Na Expressway</a>) en een gedeeltelijk voltooide <a href="/wiki/Ringweg" title="Ringweg">ringweg</a> rond Groot-Bangkok hebben de verkeersopstoppingen wel enigszins doen verminderen. Er is een uitgebreid busnet, variërend van oude gratis langzame bussen tot een efficiënt busnet van modernere bussen met airconditioning dat alle grote wegen beslaat. <a href="/wiki/Taxi-meter_(Bangkok)" title="Taxi-meter (Bangkok)">Taxi's</a> zijn in Bangkok goedkoop en in overvloed aanwezig. De <a href="/wiki/Phahonyothin" title="Phahonyothin">Phahonyothinweg</a> is een van de belangrijkste verkeersaders van Thailand en begint in Bangkok. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skytrain,_metro_en_trein"><span id="Skytrain.2C_metro_en_trein"></span>Skytrain, metro en trein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Skytrain, metro en trein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Skytrain, metro en trein"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999 is een hooggelegen <i><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Skytrain" title="Bangkok Skytrain">Skytrain</a></i>, een <a href="/wiki/Metro_(vervoermiddel)" title="Metro (vervoermiddel)">metrosysteem</a> maar dan op palen in plaats van onder de grond, geopend. De eerste lijn van de ondergrondse metro werd geopend in juli 2004 (zie <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Bangkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro van Bangkok">metro van Bangkok</a></i>). De overblijfselen van een mislukt spoorproject (het Hopewell-project) zijn te zien vanaf het hoofdstation richting de Don Muang luchthaven. Als gevolg van de financiële crisis in Azië werd de bouw gestaakt. De betonnen pijlers staan er nu verlaten bij. Bangkok is het centrale knooppunt van alle <a href="/wiki/Thaise_Staatsspoorwegen" title="Thaise Staatsspoorwegen">spoorlijnen van Thailand</a>, het belangrijkste station is het <a href="/wiki/Hua_Lamphong" title="Hua Lamphong">Hua Lamphong-station</a>, dat ook het knooppunt is voor veel buslijnen die Bangkok met vele steden verbindt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luchthavens">Luchthavens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Luchthavens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Luchthavens"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De nieuwe luchthaven <i><a href="/wiki/Internationale_Luchthaven_Suvarnabhumi" title="Internationale Luchthaven Suvarnabhumi">Suvarnabhumi</a></i> is op 28 september 2006 in gebruik genomen. Met de bouw van deze luchthaven, in het district <a href="/wiki/Amphoe_Bang_Phli" title="Amphoe Bang Phli">Bang Phli</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Changwat_Samut_Prakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Changwat Samut Prakan">provincie Samut Prakan</a> ten zuidoosten van de stad, werd in 2002 begonnen. Suvarnabhumi heeft zowel de internationale als binnenlandse vluchten overgenomen van <i><a href="/wiki/Internationale_Luchthaven_Don_Muang" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationale Luchthaven Don Muang">Don Mueang</a></i>, dat ten noorden van de stad ligt, ingesloten door stedelijke gebieden. Don Mueang werd, tegen alle eerdere plannen in, heropend om naast Suvarnabhumi een deel van de binnenlandse en internationale vluchten te verzorgen, met name van low cost maatschappijen. Op 4 december 2009, ruim drie jaar na de opening van het vliegveld Suvarabhumi, is de nieuwe verbinding van de Skytrain naar het centrum van Bangkok officieel geopend, maar de eerste passagiers reisden pas begin 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangkok is het economisch centrum van Thailand. Dankzij de Chao Phraya fungeert Bangkok als haven. Ook de <a href="/wiki/Effectenbeurs_van_Thailand" title="Effectenbeurs van Thailand">effectenbeurs van Thailand</a> (SET) is in Bangkok gevestigd. </p><p>De belangrijkste exportproducten zijn bewerkt <a href="/wiki/Voedsel" title="Voedsel">voedsel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hout_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hout (hoofdbetekenis)">hout</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Textiel" title="Textiel">textiel</a>. De bedrijven in Bangkok bestaan onder meer uit <a href="/wiki/Rijst" title="Rijst">rijstmolens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cement_(bouwmateriaal)" title="Cement (bouwmateriaal)">cementfabrieken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaagmolen" title="Zaagmolen">zaagmolens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aardolie" title="Aardolie">olieraffinaderijen</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Scheepswerf" title="Scheepswerf">scheepswerven</a>. De stad is een beroemd <a href="/wiki/Juwelier" title="Juwelier">juwelierscentrum</a> waar <a href="/wiki/Zilver_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zilver (hoofdbetekenis)">zilveren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brons_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brons (hoofdbetekenis)">bronzen</a> voorwerpen worden gekocht en verkocht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kleinhandel">Kleinhandel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kleinhandel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kleinhandel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de vroege geschiedenis van Rattanakosin vond de meeste handel plaats op drijvende markten langsheen de grotere rivieren en kanalen. Ze begonnen meestal voor dageraad als het getij het toeliet. De meeste handelaars waren vrouwen. Omdat Rattanakosin een imitatie was van het koninkrijk Ayuthaya, werden de markten ook hier vaak georganiseerd per beroepsgroep. Deze markten leven voort in de namen van de districten en buurten waar ze gevestigd waren, zoals Baan Bart (een <i>bart</i> is de bedelkom van een boeddhistische monnik). Daarnaast bestonden er markten voor invoerproducten, vooral in de Chinese wijk. Onder het latere koninkrijk (vanaf koning Rama IV) ontstonden betere straten en verbindingswegen, waardoor enerzijds de markten zich naar het land verplaatsten, en anderzijds meer vers voedsel kon worden aangevoerd vanuit de provincie.<sup id="cite_ref-naphatsanan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naphatsanan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog verschoof de kleinhandel naar grote en kleinere vaste winkels, waaronder een groot aantal kleine supermarktjes. Internationale supermarktketens worden vertegenwoordigd door <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> Lotus, Big C (<a href="/wiki/Groupe_Casino" title="Groupe Casino">Casino</a>), <a href="/wiki/Carrefour_(hypermarkt)" title="Carrefour (hypermarkt)">Carrefour</a> en Siam <a href="/wiki/Makro" title="Makro">Makro</a>. Enkele bekende <a href="/wiki/Grootwarenhuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Grootwarenhuis">grootwarenhuizen</a> zijn <i>Central,</i> <i>The Mall</i> en <i>Robinson's.</i><sup id="cite_ref-naphatsanan_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naphatsanan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toerisme">Toerisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toerisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toerisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">Toerisme</a> is een belangrijke bron van inkomsten voor Bangkok. De stad staat op de 4e plaats (na New York, Londen en Parijs) wat betreft inkomsten uit buitenlands toerisme: bezoekers aan de stad gaven in 2013 ruim 14 miljard dollar uit. Bangkok trekt een divers toeristisch publiek aan, getuige het aanbod gaande van luxe hotels tot budgetaccommodatie rondom <a href="/wiki/Khao_San" title="Khao San">Khao San Road</a>. Tot de populaire trekpleisters behoren de vele culturele en historische bezienswaardigheden zoals paleizen, tempels en musea, maar ook een dynamisch nachtleven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bezienswaardigheden">Bezienswaardigheden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bezienswaardigheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=19" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bezienswaardigheden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_bezienswaardigheden_in_Bangkok" title="Lijst van bezienswaardigheden in Bangkok">Lijst van bezienswaardigheden in Bangkok</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Een aantal van de belangrijkste toeristische trekpleisters van Bangkok zijn: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Paleis_van_Bangkok" title="Koninklijk Paleis van Bangkok">Koninklijk Paleis van Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Pho" title="Wat Pho">Wat Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Museum_(Bangkok)" title="Nationaal Museum (Bangkok)">Nationaal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimanmekpaleis" title="Vimanmekpaleis">Vimanmekpaleis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winkelen">Winkelen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Winkelen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=20" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Winkelen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangkok telt vele winkelgelegenheden en wordt door de <i>Tourist Authority of Thailand</i> dan ook in het buitenland aangeprezen als winkelbestemming. Het aanbod winkels en markten is groot. Van kleine gespecialiseerde winkeltjes tot grote luxueuze warenhuizen en winkelcentra zoals <a href="/wiki/Central_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Central World">Central World</a>, <a href="/wiki/MBK_Center" title="MBK Center">MBK Center</a> en <a href="/wiki/Siam_Center" title="Siam Center">Siam Center</a>. De bekendste markt van de stad is de <a href="/wiki/Chatuchakmarkt" title="Chatuchakmarkt">Chatuchakmarkt</a>, wat de grootste markt ter wereld is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nachtleven">Nachtleven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nachtleven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=21" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nachtleven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aan het einde van de 20e eeuw en de eerste jaren van de 21e eeuw stond Bangkok onder <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expats</a> in Azië en rond de wereld bekend als <i>de</i> uitgaansstad. Dit kwam door Bangkoks gevarieerde uitgaansleven: vele <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discotheek_(uitgaansgelegenheid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discotheek (uitgaansgelegenheid)">disco</a>'s en andere plaatsen van vertier. Ook het feit dat de officiële sluitingstijdenwet (alles dicht om 2 uur) niet werd toegepast en veel gelegenheden 24 uur per dag openbleven heeft meegeholpen om deze indruk te bevestigen. De levenshouding van de Thais dat alles in het leven <i>sanuk</i> (plezierig) moet zijn was ook van invloed hierop. </p><p>In 2002 en 2003 is de situatie echter zeer snel veranderd. Het aantreden van de <a href="/wiki/Thai_Rak_Thai" title="Thai Rak Thai">Thai Rak Thai</a>-partij, met de zeer strikte minister van Binnenlandse Zaken Purichai Piumsombun, maakte een einde aan de vrijheid. Een van de nieuwe beleidspunten was dat de Thais langer moesten gaan werken en minder uitgaan, naar het voorbeeld van het strikte <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. Om dit te bewerkstelligen werden prompt alle oude wetten gehandhaafd en werden er plannen ontworpen om alle gelegenheden om middernacht te sluiten. Een ander nieuw beleidspunt van de Thai Rak Thai-regering is dat men geen toeristen meer wil die naar Thailand komen voor het uitgaansleven omdat de invloed van deze toeristen zou leiden tot een verloedering van de Thaise jeugd. Thai Rak Thai kondigde aan dat ze alleen nog maar toeristen naar Thailand wilden hebben die kwamen om te winkelen of voor de cultuur. De plannen zijn echter nooit volledig doorgevoerd en daardoor heeft Bangkok nog altijd een zeer gevarieerd nachtleven en is er tot in de late uurtjes genoeg te beleven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prostitutie">Prostitutie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Prostitutie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=22" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Prostitutie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Prostitutie_in_Thailand" title="Prostitutie in Thailand">Prostitutie in Thailand</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Hoewel feitelijk onwettig, is <a href="/wiki/Prostitutie" title="Prostitutie">prostitutie</a> alom aanwezig in Bangkok, wat de stad tot een populaire bestemming voor <a href="/wiki/Sekstoerisme" title="Sekstoerisme">sekstoerisme</a> maakt. Populaire locaties in Bangkok voor westerlingen zijn <a href="/wiki/Patpong" title="Patpong">Patpong</a> en <a href="/wiki/Soi_Cowboy" title="Soi Cowboy">Soi Cowboy</a>. Behalve de gebieden voor westerlingen zijn er nog aparte gebieden waar Japanners naartoe gaan zoals Thaniya plaza. De andere sekstoeristen, voornamelijk Aziaten, maken veelal gebruik van de massagehuizen, <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaokebars</a> en lounges waar ook de Thaise mannen komen. In tegenstelling tot wat de meeste mensen in de westerse landen denken, maken de bars waar prostituees zich aan westerlingen aanbieden maar een heel klein deel uit van het totale aanbod. Het overgrote deel van de bars, karaokes en lounges is alleen toegankelijk voor Thaise mannen en/of andere Aziaten; westerlingen en Afrikanen wordt vriendelijk doch dringend de deur gewezen. Sinds het begin van de 21e eeuw zijn er almaar meer straatprostituees die voornamelijk na de sluitingstijden van de bars en disco's proberen klanten te trekken. Voor de strikte handhaving van de sluitingstijdenwet was dit, op een beperkt aantal gevallen na, een vrijwel onbekend probleem. In navolging van Japan en Taiwan bieden ook almaar meer Thaise studentes hun diensten aan, voornamelijk aan Thaise mannen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actuele_problemen">Actuele problemen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Actuele problemen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=23" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Actuele problemen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luchtvervuiling">Luchtvervuiling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Luchtvervuiling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=24" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Luchtvervuiling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Luchtvervuiling" title="Luchtvervuiling">Luchtvervuiling</a> is een omvangrijk probleem in Bangkok. De enorme verkeersopstoppingen worden als oorzaak hiervan aangewezen, alsmede het veelvuldig gebruik van <a href="/wiki/Tuktuk" title="Tuktuk">tuktuks</a> en andere niet zo schone voertuigen. De overheid tracht dit aan te pakken door programma's met elektrische tuktuks te stimuleren. Verder hebben de bouw van hooggelegen snelwegen en de skytrains het probleem enigszins verlicht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sloppenwijken">Sloppenwijken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sloppenwijken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=25" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sloppenwijken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg/260px-Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg/390px-Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg/520px-Shanty_slum_Bangkok_Thailand_Under_the_Bridge_October_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Informele woningen onder een brug in Bangkok, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In de ruime agglomeratie Bangkok wonen een miljoen mensen (cijfers uit 1991) in <a href="/wiki/Sloppenwijk" title="Sloppenwijk">sloppenwijken</a>. De overheid en de eigenaars van het bezette land ondernemen regelmatig pogingen tot ontruiming maar de informele bewoning blijft bestaan door een combinatie van enerzijds de economische aantrekkingskracht van tewerkstelling, zowel zwartwerk als regulier werk, en anderzijds de hoge vastgoedprijzen. Lang niet alle bewoners zijn straatarm: naar schatting slechts 208.000 van de hogergenoemde 1 miljoen mensen leven onder de officiële armoedegrens en velen vergaren niet onaanzienlijke kapitalen door het "verhuren" van krotten of standplaatsen, door het organiseren van zwartwerk of informele handel (waaronder drugs) of door een combinatie van beide.<sup id="cite_ref-askew5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askew5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De grootste concentratie aan sloppenwijken ligt in het district <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khlong_Toei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khlong Toei (de pagina bestaat niet)">Khlong Toei</a> en bestaat uit 21 afzonderlijke vestigingen op de terreinen van de Havenautoriteit Thailand. De bewoners hebben zich in de loop der jaren iets beter dan andere informele gemeenschappen kunnen verzetten tegen ontruimingen dankzij internationale aandacht door onder meer <a href="/wiki/Niet-gouvernementele_organisatie" title="Niet-gouvernementele organisatie">niet-gouvernementele organisaties</a>, en dankzij het politiek doorzicht van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prateep_Ungsongtham_Hata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prateep Ungsongtham Hata (de pagina bestaat niet)">Prateep Ungsongtham Hata</a>, een geboren inwoner van Khlong Toei die het verzet coördineert sinds haar studententijd in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-askew5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askew5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prateep werd in 2000 verkozen bij de eerste verkiezingen voor de Thaise senaat. In 2010 behoorde ze tot de gematigde vleugel van de protesten tegen de regering van <a href="/wiki/Abhisit_Vejjajiva" title="Abhisit Vejjajiva">Abhisit Vejjajiva</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auteursrechtschendingen">Auteursrechtschendingen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Auteursrechtschendingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=26" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Auteursrechtschendingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De verkoop van illegaal gekopieerd materiaal dat <a href="/wiki/Auteursrecht" title="Auteursrecht">auteursrechtelijk</a> is beschermd, is in Bangkok wijdverspreid. Meestal gaat het om software, en films op <a href="/wiki/Digital_Versatile_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Versatile Disc">dvd</a>. Een van de populaire plaatsen in Bangkok om illegale software te kopen is <a href="/wiki/Pantip_Plaza" title="Pantip Plaza">Pantip Plaza</a>. Hoewel er veel halfhartige pogingen zijn gedaan om de piraterij op Pantip door razzia's de kop in te drukken, neemt de verkoop van illegaal gekopieerd materiaal nog steeds een hoge vlucht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterproblematiek">Waterproblematiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Waterproblematiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=27" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Waterproblematiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De problemen waar Bangkok mee kampt, komen voornamelijk doordat de stad door het winnen van grondwater en het gewicht van de wolkenkrabbers steeds verder zakt. Door de ligging van Bangkok aan de zee (Golf van Thailand), heeft men ook nog te maken met de wereldwijde <a href="/wiki/Zeespiegelstijging" title="Zeespiegelstijging">zeespiegelstijging</a>, die in de Golf van Thailand ook nog eens sneller verloopt dan het wereldwijde gemiddelde. Met zowel een zakkende bodem als een stijgende zeespiegel, komt de stad ten opzichte van de zee dus steeds lager te liggen en daarmee nemen de risico’s ook toe. De verstening van Bangkok zorgt in combinatie met grote neerslaghoeveelheden tot problemen, doordat de afvoerkanalen het water niet meer weg kunnen krijgen. Bovendien heeft men in de belangrijkste afvoer, namelijk de rivier de Chao Phraya die door de stad stroomt, ook nog eens te maken met diezelfde neerslag, maar dan vanuit het stroomgebied van de rivier. Ook in het stroomgebied van deze rivier zullen de neerslaghoeveelheden toenemen. De rivier zal hierdoor vaker grote hoeveelheden water moeten afvoeren en zal vaker buiten zijn oevers treden met alle gevolgen van dien. Voor Bangkok betekent dit dat de dreiging van water zowel uit de lucht en de zee als van het land via de rivier komt. </p><p>Normaal gesproken worden er twee verschillende soorten maatregelen onderscheiden tegen klimaatverandering of de gevolgen hiervan, mitigatie en adaptatie. In Bangkok wordt vrijwel uitsluitend adaptatie toegepast. Zo worden er bijvoorbeeld vrij regelmatig algemene maatregelen op kleine schaal toegepast. Huizen worden op een verhoging gebouwd, dijken worden versterkt of verhoogd en andere planologische aanpassingen worden toegepast. Er wordt verwacht dat deze ontwikkeling zich in de toekomst nog verder zal voortzetten. Meer specifieke maatregelen op grote schaal worden veel minder toegepast. Er komt op dit moment slechts één grootschalig project van de grond in Bangkok. Dit project staat bekend als “monkey cheeks” en omvat een complex plan waarbij overtollig water uit de Chao Phraya kan worden opgeslagen, net zoals apen voedsel bewaren in hun wangen. Ondanks dat er op deze verschillende manieren tegen de waterproblematiek wordt opgetreden, zal dit voor in de toekomst niet genoeg zijn. De moeizame totstandkoming van nieuwe oplossingen heeft meerdere oorzaken: de eerste is de simpele reden dat Thailand niet erg veel kapitaalkracht heeft. De tweede oorzaak is dat de ontwikkeling en uitvoering van oplossingen worden aangestuurd door verschillende organisaties. Dit gebeurt namelijk door de BMA (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration), die pleit voor de aanleg van retentiebekkens en goede riolering, maar ook de overheid en burgers mengen zich in het proces. Al met al blijft het gebrek aan financiële middelen de hoofdoorzaak van het tekort aan oplossingen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stedenbanden">Stedenbanden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stedenbanden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=28" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stedenbanden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>land</th> <th>plaats</th> <th>datum </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a></td> <td>19 februari 1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td> <td>26 mei 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Hongarije"><img alt="Vlag van Hongarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a></td> <td>20 februari 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Filipijnen"><img alt="Vlag van Filipijnen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Filipijnen" title="Filipijnen">Filipijnen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manilla_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manilla (hoofdbetekenis)">Manilla</a></td> <td>24 juni 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane (hoofdbetekenis)">Brisbane</a></td> <td>7 mei 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moskou_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskou (hoofdbetekenis)">Moskou</a></td> <td>19 juni 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a></td> <td>20 juni 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Indonesië"><img alt="Vlag van Indonesië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></td> <td>21 januari 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Vietnam"><img alt="Vlag van Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam (hoofdbetekenis)">Vietnam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></td> <td>25 februari 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Laos"><img alt="Vlag van Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/20px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/40px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vientiane_(stad)" title="Vientiane (stad)">Vientiane</a></td> <td>24 mei 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kazachstan"><img alt="Vlag van Kazachstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a></td> <td>11 juni 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></td> <td>23 november 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_(stad)" title="Fukuoka (stad)">Fukuoka</a></td> <td>8 februari 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Korea" title="Zuid-Korea">Zuid-Korea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seoel" title="Seoel">Seoel</a></td> <td>16 juni 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkije"><img alt="Vlag van Turkije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></td> <td>2006<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren">Geboren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=29" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_V" title="Rama V">Rama V</a> (1853-1910), koning van Thailand vanaf 1868 tot aan zijn dood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samak_Sundaravej" title="Samak Sundaravej">Samak Sundaravej</a> (1935-2009), premier (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaovarat_Chanweerakul" title="Chaovarat Chanweerakul">Chaovarat Chanweerakul</a> (1936), interim-premier (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> (1968), Amerikaanse politica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_Passama" title="Noon Passama">Noon Passama</a> (1983), edelsmid en sieraadontwerper</li> <li>Chittaphon Leechaiyapornkul (1996), beter bekend als Ten van de k-popgroep <a href="/wiki/NCT" title="NCT">NCT</a> in bijzonder de unit WayV en NCT U en k-popgroep SuperM</li> <li>Lalisa Manoban (1997), beter bekend als Lisa van de k-popgroep <a href="/wiki/Blackpink" title="Blackpink">BlackPink</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=30" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_van_A_tot_Z" title="Thailand van A tot Z">Thailand van A tot Z</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=31" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618122815/http://www.tourismthailand.org/destinationguide/list.aspx?provinceid=1%2F">Officiële toeristische website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangkok&action=edit&section=32" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-naphatsanan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-naphatsanan_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-naphatsanan_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoofdstuk 2 <i>Thai Markets</i> in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Naphatsanan Vinijvorakijkul</span>, "Pak Klong Talad, Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok: Steps Toward the Conservation of a Historic Urban Community," doctoraatsthesis Silpakorn University 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-askew5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-askew5_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askew5_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoofdstuk 5 <i>Genealogy of the slum: Pragmatism, politics and locality</i> in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Askew, Marc</span>, "Bangkok: Place, practice and representation" in de reeks <i>Asia’s Global Cities,</i> Routledge 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iad.bangkok.go.th/sites/default/files/Angara.pdf">Friendship and cooperation agreement between Bangkok Metropolitan Administration of the Kingdom of Thailand and the Greater Ankara Municipality of the Republic of Turkey</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" class="extiw" title="commons:Bangkok">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" class="extiw" title="commons:Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b></i> 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.navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Onafhankelijke staten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_(stad)" title="Abu Dhabi (stad)">Abu Dhabi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amman_(stad)" title="Amman (stad)">Amman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asjchabad" title="Asjchabad">Asjchabad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Astana_(stad)" title="Astana (stad)">Astana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bagdad_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdad (hoofdbetekenis)">Bagdad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bakoe" title="Bakoe">Bakoe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangkok (hoofdbetekenis)">Bangkok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beiroet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiroet (hoofdbetekenis)">Beiroet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bisjkek" title="Bisjkek">Bisjkek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Damascus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus (hoofdbetekenis)">Damascus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_(stad)" title="Dhaka (stad)">Dhaka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dili_(stad)" title="Dili (stad)">Dili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Doesjanbe" title="Doesjanbe">Doesjanbe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan">Jerevan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeruzalem (hoofdbetekenis)">Jeruzalem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kabul_(stad)" title="Kabul (stad)">Kabul</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_(stad)" title="Kathmandu (stad)">Kathmandu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koeweit_(stad)" title="Koeweit (stad)">Koeweit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manama_(stad)" title="Manama (stad)">Manamah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manilla_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manilla (hoofdbetekenis)">Manilla</a> · <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> · <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peking" title="Peking">Peking</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riyad_(stad)" title="Riyad (stad)">Riyad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seoel" title="Seoel">Seoel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayewardenapura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte">Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taipei_(stad)" title="Taipei (stad)">Taipei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tasjkent" title="Tasjkent">Tasjkent</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thimphu_(stad)" title="Thimphu (stad)">Thimphu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vientiane_(stad)" title="Vientiane (stad)">Vientiane</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Afhankelijke gebieden:</b></span></td><td 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