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<li id="toc-The_Lichtenberg_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lichtenberg_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Lichtenberg inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lichtenberg_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Zweibrücken_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Zweibrücken_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Zweibrücken inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Zweibrücken_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunification_with_Hanau-Münzenberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunification_with_Hanau-Münzenberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Reunification with Hanau-Münzenberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunification_with_Hanau-Münzenberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Графство Ханау-Лихтенберг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графство Ханау-Лихтенберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Comtat d'Hanau-Lichtenberg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comtat d'Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafschap_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Graafschap Hanau-Lichtenberg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graafschap Hanau-Lichtenberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Ганау-Лихтенберг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ганау-Лихтенберг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q469837#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow 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.ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1456/80 – 1736</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Hanau-Lichtenberg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Hanau-Lichtenberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg/85px-Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg/128px-Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg/170px-Blason_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">State of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bouxwiller_(Bas-Rhin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouxwiller (Bas-Rhin)">Buchsweiler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">County</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1456-1480</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1736</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Hanau_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="County of Hanau"><img alt="County of Hanau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wappen_Hanau_2.svg/20px-Wappen_Hanau_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wappen_Hanau_2.svg/30px-Wappen_Hanau_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wappen_Hanau_2.svg/40px-Wappen_Hanau_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="555" /></a></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Hanau" title="County of Hanau">County of Hanau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;">  </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barony_of_Lichtenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barony of Lichtenberg (page does not exist)">Barony of Lichtenberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch"><img alt="County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Nuenschweiler_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="562" /></a></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Bitsch" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch">County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_(1736-1803).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt"><img alt="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Darmstadt_%281736-1803%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Cassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel">Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_(1736-1803).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel"><img alt="Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Hesse-Kassel_%281736-1803%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>; from 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>; ruled by <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">counts</a>; language: German</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</b> was a territory in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. It emerged between 1456 and 1480 from a part of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hanau" title="County of Hanau">County of Hanau</a> and one half of the Barony of Lichtenberg. Following the extinction of the counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in 1736 it went to <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, minor parts of it to the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Cassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel">Hesse-Cassel</a>. Its centre was in the lower <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, the capital first <a href="/wiki/Babenhausen,_Hesse" title="Babenhausen, Hesse">Babenhausen</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Bouxwiller,_Bas-Rhin" title="Bouxwiller, Bas-Rhin">Buchsweiler</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lichtenberg_inheritance">The Lichtenberg inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Lichtenberg inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1452, after a reign of only one year, Count <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_III_of_Hanau" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinhard III of Hanau">Reinhard III of Hanau</a> (1412–1452) died. The heir was his son, <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philip the Younger</a> (1449–1500), only four years old. For the sake of the continuity of the dynasty, his relatives and other important decision-makers in the county agreed not to turn to the 1375 <a href="/wiki/Primogenitur" class="mw-redirect" title="Primogenitur">primogenitur</a> statute of the family—one of the oldest in Germany—and to let the heir's uncle and brother of the deceased, <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philip I (the Elder)</a> (1417–1480), have the administrative district of Babenhausen from the estate of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hanau" title="County of Hanau">County of Hanau</a> as a county in his own right. This arrangement of 1458 allowed him to have a befitting marriage and offspring entitled to inherit, and so increased the chances of survival of the comital house. Philip the Elder was called now "of Hanau-Babenhausen". </p><p>In the same year of 1458, Philip the Elder married Anna of Lichtenberg (1442–1474), one of the two daughter-heirs of Louis V of Lichtenberg (1417–1474). After the death of the last of the noble House of Lichtenberg (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenberg_(Adelsgeschlecht)" class="extiw" title="de:Lichtenberg (Adelsgeschlecht)">de</a>), Louis' brother, James of Lichtenberg, in 1480, Philip I the Elder inherited the half of the Barony of Lichtenberg in the Lower <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> with its capital, <a href="/wiki/Bouxwiller_(Bas-Rhin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouxwiller (Bas-Rhin)">Buchsweiler</a>. From this arose the branch and county of <b>Hanau-Lichtenberg</b>. His nephew, <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philip I (the Younger)</a> of Hanau and his descendants called themselves, by contrast, the "counts of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Hanau-Münzenberg">Hanau-Münzenberg</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Zweibrücken_inheritance"><span id="The_Zweibr.C3.BCcken_inheritance"></span>The Zweibrücken inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Zweibrücken inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The next large inheritance occurred in 1570. Count James of Zweibrücken-Bitsch (1510–1570) and his brother, Simon V Wecker, who had died in 1540, each left behind one daughter. The daughter of Count James, <a href="/wiki/Ludovica_Margareta_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Bitsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovica Margareta of Zweibrücken-Bitsch">Margarethe</a> (1540–1569), married <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (1541–1599). The inheritance included the second half of the Barony of Lichtenberg, the County of <a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Bitsch" title="Zweibrücken-Bitsch">Zweibrücken-Bitsch</a> and the Barony of Ochsenstein. Parts of the County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch were a fief of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Duchy of Lorraine</a>. </p><p>Initially a dispute broke out after James' death between the husbands of the two cousins, Count Philip I of <a href="/wiki/Leininger#Leiningen-Westerburg" title="Leininger">Leiningen-Westerburg</a> and Count <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg was able to overpower Philip I, his immediate introduction of <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> in the course of <a href="/wiki/The_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reformation">the Reformation</a> made himself an enemy of the powerful, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Duchy of Lorraine under Duke <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of Lorraine">Charles III</a>, who had the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of Bitsch and withdrew the fief. In July 1572 troops of Lorraine occupied the county and reversed the Reformation. Because Philip V could not match Lorraine's military might, he sought legal redress. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/220px-Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/330px-Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/440px-Boundary_marker_between_Lorraine_and_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="2354" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boundary_marker" title="Boundary marker">Boundary marker</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Duchy of Lorraine</a> and Hanau-Lichtenberg, installed in 1608</figcaption></figure> <p>Not until 1604 and 1606 the conflict was solved by a treaty between Hanau-Lichtenberg and Lorraine. It involved a division and took account of the old treaties: the Barony of Bitsch went back to Lorraine and the administrative district of Lemberg, which had been an <a href="/wiki/Allod" title="Allod">allod</a> of the counts of Zweibrücken, was allocated to Hanau-Lichtenberg. As a result, the Bitsche territory remained Roman Catholic, whilst the Lutheran confession was introduced into the district of Lemberg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reunification_with_Hanau-Münzenberg"><span id="Reunification_with_Hanau-M.C3.BCnzenberg"></span>Reunification with Hanau-Münzenberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reunification with Hanau-Münzenberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1642 the last male member of the Hanau-Münzenberg family, Count <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst,_Count_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Johann Ernst, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg">Johann Ernst</a>, died. The next male of kin was <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Casimir,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a>, then still a minor under the guardianship of <a href="/wiki/Georg_II_of_Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl" title="Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl">Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl</a>. The relation to count Johann Ernst was quite remote and the inheritance endangered in more than one way. The inheritance happened during the final years of <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, the feudal overlords of Hanau-Münzenberg were partly enemy to Hanau and tried to hold back fiefs traditionally held by Hanau-Münzenberg. Further the county of Hanau-Münzenberg was of <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed Confession</a>, Friedrich Casimir and the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg were <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>. And even to reach the capital of Hanau-Münzenberg, the town of <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, was a problem: Friedrich Casimir could do so only in disguise. The inheritance could finally be secured by a treaty of 1643 between Friedrich Casimir and <a href="/wiki/Countess_Amalie_Elisabeth_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg">Landgravine Amalie Elisabeth</a>, née countess of Hanau-Münzenberg, daughter to <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_II,_Count_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philipp II</a>. She granted military and diplomatic support against the still resisted overlords. Therefore, Friedrich Casimir granted – should the house of Hanau be without male heirs – the inheritance of Hanau-Münzenberg to the descendants of Amalie Elisabeth.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That actually happened in 1736. </p><p>For economical and political reasons Friedrich Casimir was married to <a href="/wiki/Sibylle_Christine_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau">Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau</a>, the widow of Count <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Moritz,_Count_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philipp Moritz</a>, who had been the ruling count in Hanau-Münzenberg until 1638. She had received Steinau Castle as her widow seat. As widow of a ruling count, she could raise substantial claims against the county. The marriage was arranged to avoid such claims and to take advantage of the fact that she was <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> as the majority of the population in Hanau-Münzenberg, contrary to Friedrich Casimir who was a Lutheran. The disadvantage of this arrangement was that Sibylle Christine was already 44 years of age at the time, almost 20 years older than Friedrich Casimir. The marriage was plagued by differences and remained childless. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg/220px-Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg/330px-Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg/440px-Comte_de_Hanau_Lichtenberg_partie_alsacienne_en_XVIIe_siecle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>The portion of Hanau-Lichtenberg (in blue) within Alsace at the time it was annexed by France in 1680</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1680 the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg came under the souvereignity of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, as a result of the politics of “reunion” by king <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>. </p><p>Friedrich Casimir died childless in 1685. His inheritance was divided between his two male nephews, count <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Reinhard,_Count_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Philipp Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philipp Reinhard</a>, who inherited Hanau-Münzenberg and count <a href="/wiki/Johann_Reinhard_III,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Johann Reinhard III</a>, who inherited Hanau-Lichtenberg. Both were sons of Friedrich Casimir's younger brother count <a href="/wiki/Johann_Reinhard_II,_Count_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Johann Reinhard II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Johann Reinhard II</a>. When in 1712 count Johann Reinhard II died count Johann Reinhard III inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg and for a last time both counties were united. With count Johann Reinhard III the last male member of the Hanau family died in 1736. Hanau-Münzenberg and Hanau-Lichtenberg fell to different heirs: Due to the treaty of succession of 1643 Hanau-Münzenberg was inherited by the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Hanau-Lichtenberg fell to the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> because <a href="/wiki/Countess_Charlotte_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a>, daughter to Johann Reinhard III, was married to the heir of Hesse-Darmstadt, reigning later as landgrave <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt">Louis VIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the question if the administrative district of Babenhausen was part of Hanau-Münzenberg or Hanau-Lichtenberg nearly led into a war of both landgraviats in 1736 and into an extensive lawsuit at the <a href="/wiki/Reichskammergericht" title="Reichskammergericht">Reichskammergericht</a> during the next decades. The suit ended with a compromise to divide the administrative district of Babenhausen into two equal parts between the parties. But it took until 1771 to realize that.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1803 due to territorial reforms following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> the former county of Hanau-Lichtenberg was divided: All of it left of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> became part of France, all of it right of the river fell to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>. A few bits left of the Rhine (<a href="/wiki/Pirmasens" title="Pirmasens">Pirmasens</a>) became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> in 1816. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philipp_I._(der_%C3%84ltere)_von_Hanau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philip I (the Elder), progenitor of the line of Hanau-Lichtenberg on his epitaph in the municipal church of St. Nicholas in Babenhausen"><img alt="Philip I (the Elder), progenitor of the line of Hanau-Lichtenberg on his epitaph in the municipal church of St. Nicholas in Babenhausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg/120px-Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg/180px-Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg/240px-Philipp_I._%28der_%C3%84ltere%29_von_Hanau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Philip I (the Elder), progenitor of the line of Hanau-Lichtenberg on his <a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">epitaph</a> in the municipal church of <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nichoas%27_Church,_Babenhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nichoas' Church, Babenhausen (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Babenhausen,_Hesse" title="Babenhausen, Hesse">Babenhausen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lichtenberg Castle from a Merian copperplate"><img alt="Lichtenberg Castle from a Merian copperplate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg/120px-Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg/180px-Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg/240px-Lichtenberg_Alsace_Merian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Lichtenberg" title="Château de Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg Castle</a> from a Merian copperplate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buchsweiler Castle"><img alt="Buchsweiler Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg/120px-Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg/180px-Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg/240px-Bouxwiller_chateau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bouxwiller_(Bas-Rhin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouxwiller (Bas-Rhin)">Buchsweiler Castle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hanauer Hof, the city residence of the counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Strasbourg"><img alt="The Hanauer Hof, the city residence of the counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Strasbourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG/120px-Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG/180px-Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG/240px-Strasbourg_hotHanau-Lichtenberg09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Hanau" title="Hôtel de Hanau">Hanauer Hof</a>, the city residence of the counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Strasbourg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johann Reinhard III. of Hanau-Lichtenberg, the last of the house of Hanau"><img alt="Johann Reinhard III. of Hanau-Lichtenberg, the last of the house of Hanau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/103px-Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/155px-Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg/207px-Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg-Johann_Reinhard_III_de_Hanau-Lichtenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Johann Reinhard III. of Hanau-Lichtenberg, the last of the house of Hanau</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Hanau" title="County of Hanau">County of Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Hanau-Münzenberg">Hanau-Münzenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Hanau" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Hanau">List of rulers of Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Bitsch" title="Zweibrücken-Bitsch">Zweibrücken-Bitsch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Zimmern_Chronicle" title="Zimmern Chronicle">Zimmern Chronicle</a>, Vol. 2, p. 251 <a class="external autonumber" href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Seite:De_Zimmerische_Chronik_2_251.jpg">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich, p. 192-194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich, p. 202–207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich, p. 206–208.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Reinhard Dietrich: <i>Die Landesverfassung in dem Hanauischen. Die Stellung der Herren und Grafen in Hanau-Münzenberg aufgrund der archivalischen Quellen.</i> Selbstverlag des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins, Hanau, 1996, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-9801933-6-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-9801933-6-5">3-9801933-6-5</a> (<i>Hanauer Geschichtsblätter</i> 34).</li> <li>Hans-Walter Herrmann: <i>Die Grafschaft Zweibrücken-Bitsch.</i> In: Hans-Walter Herrmann, Kurt Hoppstädter (ed.): <i>Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes.</i> Band 2: <i>Von der fränkischen Landnahme bis zur französischen Revolution.</i> Historischer Verein für die Saargegend, Saarbrücken 1977, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-921870-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-921870-00-3">3-921870-00-3</a>, pp. 323–332 (<i>Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins für die Saargegend</i> NF 4).</li> <li>Johann Georg Lehmann: <i>Urkundliche Geschichte der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg.</i> 2 Bände. Schneider, Mannheim, 1862 (Neudruck: Zeller, Osnabruck, 1974).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Basel" title="Prince-Bishopric of Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rince-Bishopric_of_Metz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rince-Bishopric of Metz (page does not exist)">Metz</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stringen" title="Östringen">Odenheim</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bruchsal" title="Bruchsal">Bruchsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Abbey" title="Prüm Abbey">Prüm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Speyer" title="Prince-Bishopric of Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Toul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Toul">Toul</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Verdun" title="Prince-Bishopric of Verdun">Verdun</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Worms" title="Prince-Bishopric of Worms">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/400px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Marburg" title="Hesse-Marburg">Marburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Rheinfels" title="Hesse-Rheinfels">Rheinfels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Isenburg-Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Lautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (duchy)">Lorraine</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau (state)">Nassau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idstein" title="Idstein">Idstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottweiler" title="Ottweiler">Ottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="County of Nassau-Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Usingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Usingen">Usingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">Weilburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Kyrburg" title="Salm-Kyrburg">Kyrburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Salm" title="Salm-Salm">Salm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Simmern" title="House of Palatinate-Simmern">Simmern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Braunfels" title="Solms-Braunfels">Solms-Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sponheim" title="County of Sponheim">Sponheim</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Veldenz" title="County Palatine of Veldenz">Veldenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldeck (state)">Waldeck</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="County Palatine of Zweibrücken">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imp. Diet</a><br />seats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Hanau-Münzenberg">Münzenberg</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen" title="Isenburg-Büdingen">Büdingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein">Büdingen-Birstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_im_Taunus" title="Königstein im Taunus">Königstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein-Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Königstein-Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigstein-Stolberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Königstein-Stolberg (page does not exist)">Stolberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Kriechingen" title="County of Kriechingen">Kriechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Leiningen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Leiningen">Leiningen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Dagsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Dagsburg">Dagsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Hardenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Hardenburg">Hardenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Westerburg" title="Leiningen-Westerburg">Westerburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaugrehweiler" title="Gaugrehweiler">Grehweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Grumbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Salm-Grumbach">Grumbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms" title="Solms">Solms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Hohensolms" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Hohensolms">Hohensolms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Laubach" title="Solms-Laubach">Laubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Lich" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Lich">Lich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-R%C3%B6delheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Rödelheim">Rödelheim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterau" title="Wetterau">Wetterau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg">Berleburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Without</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretzenheim_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretzenheim (state)">Bretzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagstuhl" title="Dagstuhl">Dagstuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Falkenstein_(Rhineland-Palatinate)" title="Counts of Falkenstein (Rhineland-Palatinate)">Falkenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz" title="Isenburg-Meerholz">Meerholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-W%C3%A4chtersbach" title="Isenburg-Wächtersbach">Wächtersbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mensfelden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mensfelden (page does not exist)">Mensfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olbr%C3%BCck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olbrück (page does not exist)">Olbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reipoltskirchen" title="Reipoltskirchen">Reipoltskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochstetten-Dhaun" title="Hochstetten-Dhaun">Salm-Dhaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartenberg,_Hesse" title="Wartenberg, Hesse">Wartenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaisersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Münster im Elsaß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Oberehnheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Türkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a>.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>2</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nomeny" title="Nomeny">Nomeny</a> after 1737.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>3</small></sup> without <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)">Reichstag</a> seat.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>4</small></sup> until 1736.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>5</small></sup> Joined <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a> in 1515.<br /><br />Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <b>Upper Rhenish</b>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alsace_topics" title="Template talk:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/45px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> topics <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alsace_(historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Administrative_divisions" title="Alsace">Administrative<br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Unterelsa%C3%9F" title="Unterelsaß">Unterelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Haguenau-Wissembourg" title="Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg">Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Molsheim" title="Arrondissement of Molsheim">Arrondissement of Molsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saverne" title="Arrondissement of Saverne">Arrondissement of Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_S%C3%A9lestat-Erstein" title="Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein">Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Arrondissement of Strasbourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Oberelsa%C3%9F" title="Oberelsaß">Oberelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Altkirch" title="Arrondissement of Altkirch">Arrondissement of Altkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Colmar-Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé">Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Mulhouse" title="Arrondissement of Mulhouse">Arrondissement of Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thann-Guebwiller" title="Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller">Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/100px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/150px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/200px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/100px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/200px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1655" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Culture" title="Alsace">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alsace" title="Flag of Alsace">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els%C3%A4ssisches_Fahnenlied" title="Elsässisches Fahnenlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians#Alsatians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Demographics" title="Alsace">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace" title="Kelsch d'Alsace">Kelsch</a></li> <li><i>Musée alsacien</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Haguenau)" title="Musée alsacien (Haguenau)">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)">Strasbourg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional council of Alsace">Regional council of Alsace</a> (1982–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> (since 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Collectivity_of_Alsace" title="European Collectivity of Alsace">European Collectivity of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Alsace" title="Assembly of Alsace">Assembly of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Religion" title="Alsace">Religion</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Local law in Alsace–Moselle">according</a> to the<br />1801 <a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Concordat in Alsace–Moselle">Concordat in<br />Alsace–Moselle</a>, <br /><i>including <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></i>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg">Archdiocese of Strasbourg</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exemption (canon law)">Immediately subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></small> <ul><li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Diocese of Metz</a>)</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judaism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alsace" title="History of the Jews in Alsace">History of the Jews in Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">consistories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Grand_Est" title="Category:Sport in Grand Est">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RC_Strasbourg_Alsace" title="RC Strasbourg Alsace">RC Strasbourg Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Strasbourg" title="SIG Strasbourg">SIG Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC_Schiltigheim" title="SC Schiltigheim">SC Schiltigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_S%C3%A9lestat" title="FC Sélestat">FC Sélestat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat_Alsace_Handball" title="Sélestat Alsace Handball">Sélestat Alsace Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Vendenheim" title="FC Vendenheim">FC Vendenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_Noire_de_Strasbourg" title="Étoile Noire de Strasbourg">Étoile Noire de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationaux_de_Strasbourg" title="Internationaux de Strasbourg">Internationaux de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_de_France_Alsace" title="Rallye de France Alsace">Rallye de France Alsace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_Alsace-Vosges" title="Rallye Alsace-Vosges">Rallye Alsace-Vosges</a></li></ul></li> <li>See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Alsace_de_Bagnolet" title="Alsace de Bagnolet">Alsace de Bagnolet</a></i> (Paris)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#History" title="Alsace">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a> (<i>Pagus Alsatiae</i>) (83–475) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum">Argentoratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Romane_d%27Alsace" title="Route Romane d'Alsace">Route Romane d'Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> (circa 213–496)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a> (3rd-century–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Alsace" title="Duchy of Alsace">Duchy of Alsace</a> (circa 630–699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg</a> (982–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ferrette" title="County of Ferrette">County of Ferrette</a> (11th-century–14th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> (1165−1793)</li> <li>Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Alsace" title="Lower Alsace">Lower Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Alsace" title="Upper Alsace">Upper Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (13th-century–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a> (1354–1679)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (1456–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500-1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_of_the_Rhine" title="Left Bank of the Rhine">Left Bank of the Rhine</a> (1814-1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Gau Baden-Elsaß</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> (1945–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469837#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138522281">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpPGkKBjCFg8jjYy4QrMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93003877">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007535302005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/158232585">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&oldid=1227120999">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanau-Lichtenberg&oldid=1227120999</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counties_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire">Counties of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a 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