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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_in_the_Roman_Rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_in_the_Roman_Rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mass in the Roman Rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_in_the_Roman_Rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Rite_of_the_Mass_in_modernity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Rite_of_the_Mass_in_modernity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roman Rite of the Mass in modernity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roman_Rite_of_the_Mass_in_modernity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roman Rite of the Mass in modernity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roman_Rite_of_the_Mass_in_modernity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liturgical_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgical_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Liturgical books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgical_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgical_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgical_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Liturgical structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liturgical_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Liturgical structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liturgical_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Introductory_rites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introductory_rites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Introductory rites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introductory_rites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgy_of_the_Word" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgy_of_the_Word"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Liturgy of the Word</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgy_of_the_Word-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Liturgy of the Eucharist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preparation_of_the_gifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation_of_the_gifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Preparation of the gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation_of_the_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eucharistic_Prayer_(Anaphora)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eucharistic_Prayer_(Anaphora)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Eucharistic Prayer (Anaphora)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eucharistic_Prayer_(Anaphora)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communion_rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communion_rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Communion rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communion_rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concluding_rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concluding_rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Concluding rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concluding_rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_of_celebration_of_Mass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_of_celebration_of_Mass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Time of celebration of Mass</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_of_celebration_of_Mass-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Time of celebration of Mass subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_of_celebration_of_Mass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary_table_regarding_priests_with_pastoral_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table_regarding_priests_with_pastoral_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Summary table regarding priests with pastoral responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table_regarding_priests_with_pastoral_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duration_of_the_celebration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duration_of_the_celebration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Duration of the celebration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duration_of_the_celebration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ritual_Masses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ritual_Masses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ritual Masses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ritual_Masses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_intentions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_intentions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mass intentions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_intentions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mass in the Catholic Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilige_Messe" title="Heilige Messe – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Heilige Messe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A" title="القداس الإلهي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القداس الإلهي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Імша – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Імша – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Імша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferenn" title="Oferenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oferenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%A1e" title="Mše – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offeren" title="Offeren – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Offeren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe_(gudstjeneste)" title="Messe (gudstjeneste) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Messe (gudstjeneste)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilige_Messe" title="Heilige Messe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heilige Messe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meso_(diservo)" title="Meso (diservo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meso (diservo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meza" title="Meza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آیین عشای ربانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آیین عشای ربانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe" title="Messe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Messe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aifreann" title="Aifreann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aifreann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aifreann" title="Aifreann – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aifreann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC" title="미사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meso" title="Meso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messa" title="Messa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Messa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="מיסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="მესა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მესა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Месса – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Месса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Месса – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Месса" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise" title="Mise – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mise" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_(Zeremonie)" title="Mass (Zeremonie) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mass (Zeremonie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ventosios_Mi%C5%A1ios" title="Šventosios Mišios – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šventosios Mišios" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8s_(liturgie)" title="Mès (liturgie) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mès (liturgie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADsa" title="Mísa – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mísa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messa" title="Messa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Messa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szentmise" title="Szentmise – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szentmise" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorona_masina" title="Sorona masina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sorona masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%89" title="القداس الالهى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القداس الالهى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B5" title="ミサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe_(katolsk)" title="Messe (katolsk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Messe (katolsk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe" title="Messe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Messe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msza" title="Msza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Msza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Месса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Месса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa" title="Missa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Missa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess" title="Mess – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mess" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesha" title="Mesha – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mesha" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mass (liturgy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C5%A1a_(bohoslu%C5%BEba)" title="Omša (bohoslužba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Omša (bohoslužba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1a" title="Maša – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maša" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Миса – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Миса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messu" title="Messu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Messu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4ssa" title="Mässa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mässa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misa" title="Misa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Misa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81)" title="திருப்பலி (வழிபாடு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருப்பலி (வழிபாடு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Меса (богослужіння) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Меса (богослужіння)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mesa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1nh_l%E1%BB%85" title="Thánh lễ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thánh lễ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe_(ofice)" title="Messe (ofice) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Messe (ofice)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92" title="弥撒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弥撒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E6%92%92" title="彌撒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彌撒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v%C4%97ntas_M%C4%97%C5%A1%C4%97s" title="Švėntas Mėšės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Švėntas Mėšės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92" title="弥撒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弥撒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amisa" title="Amisa – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Amisa" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Mass&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central liturgical ritual of the Catholic Church</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Roman Rite Mass" redirects here. For older forms, see <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a>. For the Western Eucharistic liturgy in general, see <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass (liturgy)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg/260px-Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg/390px-Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg/520px-Primera_Misa_en_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the first Mass in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Subercaseaux" title="Pedro Subercaseaux">Pedro Subercaseaux</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Mass</b> is the central <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgical service</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, in which bread and wine are <a href="/wiki/Consecration#Eucharist" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> and become the body and blood of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As defined by the Church at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, in the Mass "the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross, is present and offered in an unbloody manner".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church describes the Mass as the "source and summit of the Christian life",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and teaches that the Mass is a <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifice</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a>, through consecration by an ordained <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">become the sacrificial body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ</a> as the sacrifice on <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a> made truly present once again on the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>. The Catholic Church permits only baptised members in the <a href="/wiki/State_(theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (theology)">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace</a> (Catholics who are not in a state of <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a>) to receive Christ in the Eucharist.<sup id="cite_ref-CCC,_1399_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC,_1399-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the other <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments of the Catholic Church</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">confirmation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">holy orders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">holy matrimony</a>, are now generally administered within a celebration of Mass, but before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> were often or even usually administered separately. The term <i>Mass</i>, also <b>Holy Mass</b>, is commonly used to describe the celebration of the Eucharist in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, while the various <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgies</a> use terms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy#Armenian_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Badarak</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in accordance with each one's tradition. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>'s 2007 <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i> authorized under certain conditions, more widely than before, continued use of the 1962 form of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>, which it called the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Extraordinary Form</a> of the Roman Rite, while it called the post–Vatican II form promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969 and revised by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 2002 the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 July 2021 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in his apostolic letter <i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i> restricted the celebration of the Tridentine Mass of the Roman Rite and declared that "the liturgical books promulgated by Saint Paul VI and Saint John Paul II, in conformity with the decrees of Vatican Council II, are the unique expression of the <i>lex orandi</i> of the Roman Rite."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "Mass" is derived from the concluding words of the Roman Rite Mass in Latin: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i></span> ('Go, it is the dismissal', officially translated as 'Go forth, the Mass is ended'). The <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> substantively corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">classical Latin</a> word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missio</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In antiquity, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> simply meant "dismissal". In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a deeper meaning. The word "dismissal" has come to imply a mission.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacrificial_nature">Sacrificial nature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sacrificial nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Catholic teaching, the holy sacrifice of the Mass is the fulfillment of all the sacrifices of the Old Covenant. In the New Covenant, the <i>one</i> sacrifice on the altar of Calvary is revisited during every Catholic Mass. Jesus Christ merited all graces and blessings for us by His death on the Cross. These merits form an inexhaustible fountain of grace to nourish the <a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">supernatural life</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">souls</a>. At Calvary, Christ not only merited all graces for people but also established certain channels whereby these graces may be obtained. These channels are the Sacrifice of the Mass and the other Sacraments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Mass was instituted by Christ at the Last Supper, on the first Holy Thursday. The first <i>Holy Sacrifice</i> of the Mass was celebrated on the eve of the Passion. The unbloody sacrifice of the Last Supper is a memorial of Christ's bloody sacrifice on the cross. Thus, the Mass is a unifying event of the Last Supper and Christ's sacrifice on Calvary. </p><p>The Mass contains the four essential elements of a true sacrifice: priest, victim, altar, and sacrifice. Its Priest, Jesus Christ, uses the ministry of an earthly representative; its Victim, Jesus Christ, truly present under the appearances of bread and wine; its altar; and the Sacrifice is a mystic representation of the blood-shedding of Calvary. Thus, the Mass is offered for four ends: adoration, atonement, thanksgiving, and petition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> Mass, the predominant form of its celebration in the Catholic Church, is the focus of this article. For information on the theology of the Eucharist and on the Eucharistic liturgy of other <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> denominations, see "<a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass (liturgy)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic theology</a>". For information on the history development of the Mass see <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St. Peter's Basilica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/220px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/330px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/440px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13066" data-file-height="6823" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Overview</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Organisation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theologies</a></li><li>Doctrine</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Ghost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantialitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinum_illud_munus" title="Divinum illud munus">Divinum illud munus</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Decalogus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Ex Cathedra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">Deificatio</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Realms beyond the States of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo">Limbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mater Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_desire" title="Baptism of desire">Baptism of desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_blood" title="Baptism of blood">Baptism of blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">Outside the Church there is no salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invincible_ignorance_(Catholic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invincible ignorance (Catholic theology)">Invincible ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">Means of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Christianity)" title="Merit (Christianity)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_theory_of_atonement" title="Satisfaction theory of atonement">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_influence_theory_of_atonement" title="Moral influence theory of atonement">Moral influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">Synergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_of_faith" title="Deposit of faith">Deposit of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystici_corporis_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystici corporis Christi">Mystical Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Perfect community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Other teachings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic theology of the body">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Lectures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_sexuality" title="Catholic theology of sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination#Catholicism" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatific_vision" title="Beatific vision">Beatific vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Official Bible</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Epistula Encyclica</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Virtues">Cardinal Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Catholic ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism#Catholic_personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Schools </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The classic study of the Mass is that of <a href="/wiki/Josef_Andreas_Jungmann" title="Josef Andreas Jungmann">Josef Andreas Jungmann</a>, the two-volume <i>Mass of the Roman Rite</i> or <i>Missarum Solemnia.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul F. Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson trace the history of eucharistic liturgies from first-century shared meals of Christian communities, which became associated with the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, to second and third-century rites mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger" title="Pliny the Younger">Pliny the Younger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a> and described by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> and others, in which passages from Scripture were read and the use of bread and wine was no longer associated with a full meal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When in the fourth century Christianity was granted the status of a legal religion and was even viewed with favour by the Roman Emperors, the Christian celebrations took on a more formal appearance and were embellished by the use of vestments, lights and incense. Ex tempore prayers by the presider gave way to texts previously approved by synods of bishops as a guarantee of the orthodoxy of the content, leading to the formation of liturgical forms or "rites" generally associated with influential <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal sees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church encompasses a considerable number of such liturgical rites. Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a>, Mass in the Catholic Church is celebrated according to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> in various languages based on <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> texts of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Constantinople">Church of Constantinople</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian Catholic Church</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a>; the <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_in_the_Roman_Rite">Mass in the Roman Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mass in the Roman Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> Mass is by far the most widely used liturgical rite. The history of the development of the Mass of this rite comprises the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">post-Vatican II Mass</a>. </p><p>The Pre-Tridentine Mass of the Roman Rite was adopted even north of the Alps (but often modified by non-Roman influences) even before the time of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, who wished it to be used throughout his empire, but the text actually distributed incorporated many <a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican additions</a>. Roman missionaries, such as <a href="/wiki/Boniface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface">Boniface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a> introduced the Roman Mass to Germany and England. It was accepted also in Ireland, but met greater opposition in Spain and Milan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with the decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> (1545–1563), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> in 1570 enforced use of the Tridentine Mass in the Latin Church. Before the invention of printing, each diocese of the Latin Church could and often did have its own particular Rite of Mass, generally but not necessarily based on the Roman Rite; but Pius V made his revision of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> mandatory throughout the Latin Church, permitting continuance of other rites only if they had been in existence for at least 200 years. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> also decreed a revision of the Roman Missal, which was put into effect by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1969. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_Rite_of_the_Mass_in_modernity">Roman Rite of the Mass in modernity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roman Rite of the Mass in modernity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Present-day forms of the Roman Rite Mass</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg/200px-SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg/300px-SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg/400px-SeminarioAsidoniaJerez2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (post–Vatican II)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Missa_Tridentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Missa_Tridentina.jpg/200px-Missa_Tridentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Missa_Tridentina.jpg/300px-Missa_Tridentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Missa_Tridentina.jpg/400px-Missa_Tridentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> (1962 missal), <a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a> form</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The following description of the celebration of Mass, usually in the local <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> language, is limited to the form of the Roman Rite promulgated after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> (1962–1965) by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1969 and revised by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 2002, largely replacing the usage of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> form originally promulgated in 1570 in accordance with decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> in its closing session (1545–46). The 1962 form of the Tridentine Mass, in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a> alone, may be employed where authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> or, in the circumstances indicated in the 2021 document <i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the diocesan bishop. </p><p>In the modern form the priest usually (though not obligatorily) faces the people (<i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i>); in the earlier form the priest most often faces in the same direction as the people, towards the apse of the church, a stance that since the twentieth century is often called <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a></i>, although not necessarily eastward. </p><p>As mentioned, the Eucharistic liturgy is celebrated in the Catholic Church also in other <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a> and in those of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i> discusses the importance of the Mass in the Catholic tradition under the headings: </p> <dl><dd>I. The Eucharist - Source and Summit of Ecclesial Life</dd> <dd>II. What is This Sacrament Called?</dd> <dd>III. The Eucharist in the Economy of Salvation</dd> <dd>IV. The Liturgical Celebration of the Eucharist</dd> <dd>V. The Sacramental Sacrifice Thanksgiving, Memorial, Presence</dd> <dd>VI. The Paschal Banquet</dd> <dd>VII. The Eucharist - "Pledge of the Glory To Come"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgical_books">Liturgical books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Liturgical books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> contains the <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubric" title="Rubric">rubrics</a> of the Mass. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a> presents passages from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> arranged in the order for reading at each day's Mass. Compared with the scripture readings in the pre–Vatican II Missal, the modern Lectionary contains a much wider variety of passages, too extensive to include in the Missal. A separate <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Book of the Gospels</a>, also called the Evangeliary,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is recommended for the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">reading from the Gospels</a>, but where this book is not available the Lectionary, which also includes the Gospels, is used. </p><p>The Roman Missal refers to another liturgical book, the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_of_Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial of Bishops">Ceremonial of Bishops</a>, saying the norms found in it are to be observed when a <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> celebrates the Mass, or presides without celebrating the Eucharist.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An English translation was published in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Missal also says special celebrations of Mass should observe the guidelines for them. This includes Masses with children, in the "Directory for Masses with Children", by the Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, 1 November 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most frequently celebrated form of the Roman Rite Mass is that in the post–Vatican II editions of the Roman Missal. Authorization for use of the earlier (1962) form may be granted by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> or, as indicated in the 2021 document <i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the diocesan bishop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liturgical_structure">Liturgical structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liturgical structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span><br />Part of <i><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Mass in the Catholic Church">a series</a></i> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mass</a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Missale_Romanum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Missale_Romanum.jpg/170px-Missale_Romanum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Missale_Romanum.jpg/255px-Missale_Romanum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Missale_Romanum.jpg/340px-Missale_Romanum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="1421" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chalice" title="Chalice">Chalice</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Purificator" class="mw-redirect" title="Purificator">purificator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">paten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pall_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall (liturgy)">pall</a>), <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>, and lit <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candle</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> A. <a href="/wiki/Introductory_rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Introductory rites">Introductory rites</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Entrance</a></dd> <dd>Greeting of the altar</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie Eleison</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> B. <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgy of the Word">Liturgy of the Word</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lectionary#Catholic_Mass_Lectionary_and_the_Revised_Common_Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary readings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Responsorial_Psalm#Catholic_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsorial Psalm">Responsorial psalm</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Homily#Roman_Catholic_Mass_homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Profession of faith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Prayer of the Faithful</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> C. <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgy of the Eucharist">Liturgy of the Eucharist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><small><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist in the Catholic Church</a></i></small></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Preparation of the gifts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Prayer over the offerings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Communion_rite">Communion rite</a>:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">The Lord's Prayer</a></dd> <dd>Rite of peace</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd>Reception of Communion</dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> D. <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)#Concluding_rite" title="Mass (liturgy)">Concluding rites</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Rite_of_Mass" title="Template:Roman Rite of Mass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Rite_of_Mass" title="Template talk:Roman Rite of Mass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Rite_of_Mass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Rite of Mass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier forms, see <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>.</div> <p>The Eucharistic celebration is "one single act of worship" but consists of different elements, which always include "the proclamation of the Word of God; thanksgiving to God the Father for all his benefits, above all the gift of his Son; the consecration of bread and wine, which signifies also our own transformation into the body of Christ;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and participation in the liturgical banquet by receiving the Lord's body and blood".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the fixed structure of the Roman-Rite Mass outlined below, the "proper" or daily-varying parts are the Scripture readings and <a href="/wiki/Responsorial_psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsorial psalm">responsorial psalm</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphons</a> at the entrance and communion processions, and the texts of the three prayers known as the <a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">collect</a>, the prayer over the gifts, and the prayer after communion. These convey themes from the liturgical season, the feast days of titles or events in the life of Christ, the feast days and commemorations of the saints, or for Masses for particular circumstances (e.g., funeral Masses, Masses for the celebration of Confirmation, Masses for peace, to begin the academic year, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introductory_rites">Introductory rites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Introductory rites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic Church)">priest</a> enters in procession into the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> with altar servers, and with a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> if there is one. The deacon may carry the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Evangelion</a> (Gospel book), which he will place on the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>; and one altar server, called the <a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">crucifer</a>, carries a <a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional cross</a> at the front of the procession. Other servers may carry blessed candles, <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">thurible</a>. During this procession, ordinarily, the entrance chant or hymn is sung.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If there is no singing at the entrance, the entrance antiphon is recited either by some or all of the faithful or by a lector; otherwise it is said by the priest himself.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the procession arrives at the sanctuary, all bow toward the altar. The priest and other ordained ministers kiss the altar. Then, when the priest arrives at his chair, he leads the assembly in making the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign of the Cross">Sign of the Cross</a>, saying: "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit",<sup id="cite_ref-Order_of_Mass_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order_of_Mass-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which the faithful answer: "Amen." Then the priest "signifies the presence of the Lord to the community gathered there by means of the Greeting. By this Greeting and the response of the faithful, the mystery of the Church gathered together is made manifest."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greetings are derived from the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Cecilia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Santa_Cecilia.jpg/240px-Santa_Cecilia.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Santa_Cecilia.jpg/360px-Santa_Cecilia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Santa_Cecilia.jpg/480px-Santa_Cecilia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1186" /></a><figcaption>Altar of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">Santa Cecilia in Trastevere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Then the priest invites those present to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a>, of which the Missal proposes three forms, the first of which is the <a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a>. One form includes tropes acclaiming God's deeds on our behalf, and the priest has some freedom in formulating these. This is concluded with the priest's prayer of absolution, "which, however, lacks the efficacy of the Sacrament of Penance."<sup id="cite_ref-GIRM,_51_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIRM,_51-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does absolve <a href="/wiki/Venial_sins" class="mw-redirect" title="Venial sins">venial sins</a>, however. "From time to time on Sundays, especially in Easter Time, instead of the customary Penitential Act, the blessing and sprinkling of water may take place as a reminder of Baptism."<sup id="cite_ref-GIRM,_51_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIRM,_51-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ceremony, in which the congregation is cleansed with <a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a>, is known as the <a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a>. </p><p>"After the Penitential Act, the <a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie, Eleison</a> (Lord, have mercy) is always begun, unless it has already been part of the Penitential Act. Since it is a chant by which the faithful acclaim the Lord and implore his mercy, it is usually executed by everyone, that is to say, with the faithful and the choir or <a href="/wiki/Cantor" title="Cantor">cantor</a> taking part in it."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kyrie may be sung or recited in the vernacular language or in the original <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only portion of the Mass in Greek instead of Latin or Latinised Hebrew. </p><p>"The <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in Excelsis</a> (Glory to God in the highest) is a most ancient and venerable hymn by which the Church, gathered in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>, glorifies and entreats <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> and the Lamb. ...It is sung or said on Sundays outside Advent and Lent, and also on Solemnities and Feasts, and at particular celebrations of a more solemn character."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gloria is omitted at <a href="/wiki/Requiem_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem Mass">requiem Masses</a> (funerals and Masses for the dead) on ordinary feast-days of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Saint">saints</a>, weekdays, and <a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive Masses</a>. It is also optional, in line with the perceived degree of solemnity of the occasion, at Ritual Masses such as those celebrated for Marriage ("Nuptial Mass"), <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Religious_Profession" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Profession">Religious Profession</a>, at Masses on the Anniversary of Marriage or Religious Profession, and at Masses for Various Needs and Occasions. </p><p>"Next the Priest calls upon the people to pray and everybody, together with the Priest, observes a brief silence so that they may become aware of being in God’s presence and may call to mind their intentions. Then the Priest pronounces the prayer usually called the “<a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a>” and through which the character of the celebration finds expression."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_of_the_Word">Liturgy of the Word</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liturgy of the Word"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deacon_Friel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Deacon_Friel.jpg/220px-Deacon_Friel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Deacon_Friel.jpg/330px-Deacon_Friel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Deacon_Friel.jpg/440px-Deacon_Friel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On Sundays and solemnities, three Scripture readings are given. On other days there are only two. If there are three readings, the first is from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> (a term wider than <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Scriptures">Hebrew Scriptures</a>, since it includes the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanonical Books">Deuterocanonical Books</a>), or the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> during <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a>. The first reading is followed by a <a href="/wiki/Responsorial_Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsorial Psalm">Responsorial Psalm</a>, a complete <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Psalm</a> or a sizeable portion of one. A <a href="/wiki/Cantor_(church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantor (church)">cantor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> or lector leads, and the congregation sings or recites a refrain. "That the people may be able to sing the Psalm response more readily, texts of some responses and Psalms have been chosen for the various seasons of the year or for the various categories of Saints. These may be used in place of the text corresponding to the reading whenever the Psalm is sung."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second reading is from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, typically from one of the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>. The reader begins most reading with the introductory statement "a reading from the Book of..." or "a reading from the Letter to...," and concludes each reading by proclaiming that the reading is "the word of the Lord,"; the congregation responds by saying "Thanks be to God." The lector will usually be a scheduled volunteer from among the congregation; when two non-Gospel readings are given, they may be given by two different lectors or by one, according to local preference. </p><p>The final reading and high point of the Liturgy of the Word is the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>. This is preceded by the singing of the Gospel Acclamation, typically an <a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a> with a verse of Scripture, which may be omitted if not sung. Alleluia is replaced during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a> by a different acclamation of praise. All stand while the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a> is chanted or read by a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> or, if none is available, by a priest. The reading is traditionally introduced with the phrase "a reading from the Holy Gospel according to" followed by the evangelist's name. To conclude the Gospel reading, the priest or deacon proclaims: "The Gospel of the Lord" and the faithful respond, "Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ." The priest or deacon then kisses the book.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a deacon participates, he reads the Gospel. If a deacon is not present, the celebrating priest or a concelebrant, if there is one, proclaims it.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least on Sundays and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Days_of_Obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Days of Obligation">Holy Days of Obligation</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sermon_(oration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermon (oration)">sermon</a> that draws upon some aspect of the readings or of the liturgy, is then given. Ordinarily the priest celebrant himself gives the homily, but he may entrust it to a concelebrating priest or to the deacon, but never to a lay person. In particular cases and for a just cause, a bishop or priest who is present but cannot concelebrate may give the homily. On days other than Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation, the homily, though not obligatory, is recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Sundays and solemnities, all then profess their Christian faith by reciting or singing the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> or, especially from Easter to Pentecost, the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>, which is particularly associated with baptism and is often used in Masses for children. </p><p>The Liturgy of the Word concludes with the Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful. The priest begins it with a brief introduction, then a deacon, a cantor, or another lay person announces some intentions for prayer, to which the congregation responds with a short invocation such as "Lord hear our prayer." The priest concludes with a longer prayer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist">Liturgy of the Eucharist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Liturgy of the Eucharist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg/220px-4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg/330px-4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg/440px-4200-20080119-0624UTC--nazareth-church-of-the-annunciation-grotto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="1815" /></a><figcaption>Mass in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Grotto of the Annunciation</a>, Nazareth.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preparation_of_the_gifts">Preparation of the gifts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Preparation of the gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The linen <a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">corporal</a> is spread over the center of the altar, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist begins with the ceremonial placing on it of bread and wine. These may be brought to the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> in a procession, especially if Mass is celebrated with a large congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unleavened, wheat bread (in the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is placed on a <a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">paten</a>, and the wine (from grapes) is put in a <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">chalice</a> and mixed with a little water, As the priest places each on the corporal, he says a silent prayer over each individually, which, if this rite is unaccompanied by singing, he is permitted to say aloud, in which case the congregation responds to each prayer with: "Blessed be God forever." Then the priest washes his hands, "a rite in which the desire for interior purification finds expression."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The congregation, which has been seated during this preparatory rite, rises, and the priest gives an exhortation to pray: "Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father." The congregation responds: "May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands, for the praise and glory of his name, for our good, and the good of all his holy Church." The priest then pronounces the variable prayer over the gifts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eucharistic_Prayer_(Anaphora)"><span id="Eucharistic_Prayer_.28Anaphora.29"></span>Eucharistic Prayer (Anaphora)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eucharistic Prayer (Anaphora)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a>, "the centre and high point of the entire celebration",<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then begins with a dialogue between priest and the faithful. This dialogue opens with the normal liturgical greeting, "The Lord be with you", but in view of the special solemnity of the rite now beginning, the priest then exhorts the faithful: "Lift up your hearts." The faithful respond with: "We lift them up to the Lord." The priest then introduces the great theme of "Eucharist", a word originating in the Greek word for giving thanks: "Let us give thanks to the Lord, our God." The faithful join in this sentiment, saying: "It is right and just." </p><p>The priest continues with one of many thematic Eucharistic Prayer prefaces, which lead to the <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> acclamation: "Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the faithful kneel immediately after the singing or recitation of the Sanctus. If a person is unable to kneel, he makes a profound bow after the Consecration<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – the <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Institution Narrative</a> that recalls Jesus' words and actions at his <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>: "Take this, all of you, and eat of it: for this is my body which will be given up for you. ...Take this, all of you, and drink from it: for this is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many places, a consecrated bell is rung after the elevation of each element. The tradition of raising the host and chalice high after the <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecration</a> has its origin in the <a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a> celebration of the Mass, and is done so that the people may more readily see the Host. It is also customary on solemnities and other days for the altar servers to offer incense to the Host and chalice during the elevation. The priest then announces: "The mystery of faith," and the faithful respond with an <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">acclamation</a>, using one of three prescribed formulae.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg/320px-Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg/480px-Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg/640px-Mass_at_Lourdes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Mass at the Grotto at <a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a>. The chalice is displayed to the faithful immediately after the consecration of the wine.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Eucharistic Prayer includes the <a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a> (which since early Christian times the Eastern churches have seen as the climax of the Consecration), praying that the Holy Spirit might transform the elements of bread and wine and thereby the people into one body in Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole portion of the Antiphon recalling Christ's passion, death, and resurrection, is called the <a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a>. </p><p>Intercessions for both the living and the souls in <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a> follow. When there are priests concelebrating the Mass they join the main celebrant in the central prayers, up to the intercessions, which they may divide among themselves. </p><p>The Antiphon ends with an emphatic <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxology</a> for which the priest elevates the paten with the Host and the deacon (if there is one) elevates the chalice, and the priest(s) proclaim of Christ that "through him, with him, in him, in the unity of the Holy spirit, all glory and honor is yours, Almighty Father, for ever and ever," to which the faithful sing or chant the great Amen. This Amen is the faithful's assent to all that God has wrought through the consecration and representation of the sacrifice of Christ. </p><p>Both the doxology and Great Amen are preferably sung or chanted. This is in line with the <i>Instruction on Music in the Liturgy</i> which says: "One cannot find anything more religious and more joyful in sacred celebrations than a whole congregation expressing its faith and devotion in song. Therefore the active participation of the whole people, which is shown in singing, is to be carefully promoted. ...It should first of all include acclamations, responses to the greetings of the priest and ministers and to the prayers of litany form, and also antiphons and psalms, refrains or repeated responses, hymns and canticles."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Communion_rite">Communion rite<span class="anchor" id="Communion_rite"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Communion rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eucharist001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Eucharist001.jpg/220px-Eucharist001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Eucharist001.jpg/330px-Eucharist001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Eucharist001.jpg/440px-Eucharist001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1429" /></a><figcaption>Reception of Holy Communion</figcaption></figure> <p>The communion rite begins with a number of preparatory rites, of which the singing or recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Our Father</a> is the first. In the context of this preparation, the petitions for the daily bread and the forgiveness of trespasses gain particular significance. After an invitation by priest to do so, priest and people together recite the Lord's Prayer. The priest adds to it a development of the final petition, known as the <a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a>: "Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil, graciously grant peace in our days, that, by the help of your mercy, we may be always free from sin and safe from all distress, as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Savior, Jesus Christ." The faithful then recite the <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxology</a>, "For the kingdom, the power, and the glory are yours, now and forever".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the joint recitation of the Lord's Prayer the priest is exceptionally directed to extend his hands in the <a href="/wiki/Orans" title="Orans">orans</a> position. In the liturgy, the priest normally adopts this posture only when praying aloud and alone while the congregation is silent. Other prayers said by the priest with the people, like the Sanctus in every Mass, are said with joined hands. This exception was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>, who only in the context of his <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Holy Week liturgical reforms</a> permitted the congregation to join the priest in praying the <i>Pater noster</i>, provided that they could pray it in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some locations members of the congregation have either adopted the orans posture like the priest<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or have held each other's hands. The United States bishops conference states: "No position is prescribed in the <i>Roman Missal</i> for an assembly gesture during the Lord's Prayer." Some recognized experts on the rubrics of the Roman Rite, the liturgists <a href="/wiki/Edward_McNamara" title="Edward McNamara">Edward McNamara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Elliott_(bishop)" title="Peter Elliott (bishop)">Peter Elliott</a>, deplore the adoption of either of these postures by the congregation as a body,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both are subject to controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corpus_Christi_Mass,_OKCity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg/300px-Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg/450px-Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg/600px-Corpus_Christi_Mass%2C_OKCity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Hand-holding in an African-American parish in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_kiss" title="Holy kiss">Rite of Peace</a>, the <i>pax</i>, is the second preparatory rite for reception of Holy Communion. After praying: "Lord Jesus Christ, who said to your Apostles: Peace I leave you, my peace I give you;<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> look not on our sins, but on the faith of your Church, and graciously grant her peace and unity in accordance with your will. Who live and reign for ever and ever," the priest wishes the faithful the peace of Christ: "The peace of the Lord be with you always." The deacon or, in his absence, the priest may then invite those present to offer each other the sign of peace. The form of the sign of peace varies according to local custom for a respectful greeting (for instance, a handshake or a bow between strangers, or a kiss/hug between family members). </p><p>The third preparatory rite is that of <a href="/wiki/Fractio_panis_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractio panis (liturgy)">fraction and commingling</a>. The priest breaks the host and places a piece in the main chalice; this is important as it symbolizes that the Body and Blood of Christ are both present within one another. Meanwhile, the "<a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a>" ("<a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a>" in Latin) is sung or recited.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The priest then presents the Eucharistic Bread to the congregation, saying: "Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those who are called to the supper of the Lamb."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then all repeat: "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed,"<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a reference in the Gospel of Matthew to where a Roman centurion manifests exemplary faith in Jesus to heal his servant, saying that Jesus' word alone was sufficient. The priest then receives Communion. Following this, if <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_minister_of_Holy_Communion" title="Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion">extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion</a> are required, they may come forward at this time, and approach the priest, presenting themselves for Communion. <sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of the deacon and concelebrants and, if necessary, extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion, the priest then distributes Communion to the faithful.<sup id="cite_ref-GIRM,_160_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIRM,_160-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Catholic Church doctrine receiving the Holy Communion in a state of <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a> is sinful and only those who are in a state of grace, that is, without any mortal sin, can receive it.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:27–29&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:27–29</a> it affirms the following: "Anyone who is aware of having committed a mortal sin must not receive Holy Communion, even if he experiences deep contrition, without having first received <a href="/wiki/Penance_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penance (Catholic Church)">sacramental absolution</a>, unless he has a grave reason for receiving Communion and there is no possibility of going to confession."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The faithful receive Communion kneeling or standing, as decided by the Episcopal Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the United States Episcopal Conference has decreed that "Holy Communion is to be received standing, though individual members of the faithful may choose to receive Communion while kneeling",<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while that for England and Wales says: "In the dioceses of England and Wales Holy Communion is to be received standing, though individual members of the faithful may choose to receive Communion while kneeling. However, when they communicate standing, it is recommended that the faithful bow in reverence before receiving the Sacrament.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distributing minister says "The Body of Christ" or "The Blood of Christ",<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "The Body and Blood of Christ" if both are distributed together (by <a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">intinction</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communicant responds: "Amen." In most countries the communicant may receive the consecrated Host either on the tongue or in the hand, at the communicant's own discretion. If in the hand they should step aside and reverently consume the Host immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Communion is distributed, singing of an appropriate approved chant or hymn is recommended, to emphasize the essentially "communitarian" nature of the body of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If there is no singing, a short <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphon</a> may be recited either by the congregation or by some of them or by a lector. Otherwise, the priest himself recites it just before distributing Communion.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The sacred vessels are purified by the priest, the deacon, or an instituted acolyte after Communion or after Mass, insofar as possible at the credence table."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the priest concludes the Liturgy of the Eucharist with the Prayer after Communion, for which the faithful are invited to stand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concluding_rite">Concluding rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Concluding rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></div> <p>After the Prayer after Communion, announcements may be made. The Missal says these should be brief. The priest then gives the usual liturgical greeting and imparts his blessing. The liturgy concludes with a dialogue between the priest and the assembly. The deacon, or in his absence, the priest himself then dismisses the faithful. The 2011 edition of the Missal adds new versions of the dismissal.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The faithful respond: "Thanks be to God." The priest and other ministers then venerate the altar with a kiss, form a procession, and exit the sanctuary, preferably to a recessional hymn or chant from the Graduale, sung by all. Some practices will include a Marian antiphon (e.g. Angelus, Hail Mary etc) before the recessional hymn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Mass being over, the faithful may depart or stay a while, pray, light votive candles at shrines in the church, converse with one another, etc. In some countries, including the United States, the priest customarily stands outside the church door to greet the faithful individually as they exit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_of_celebration_of_Mass">Time of celebration of Mass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Time of celebration of Mass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xavier_student_Mass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Xavier_student_Mass.png/300px-Xavier_student_Mass.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Xavier_student_Mass.png/450px-Xavier_student_Mass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Xavier_student_Mass.png/600px-Xavier_student_Mass.png 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2224" /></a><figcaption>Sunday night student Mass at <a href="/wiki/Rockhurst_University" title="Rockhurst University">Rockhurst U., USA</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missa_tridentina_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/300px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg/450px-Missa_tridentina_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Missa_tridentina_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_Saint_Peter" title="Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter">Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Except during the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a> no limits are laid down for the time of celebrating Mass. The traditional rule included in the <a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a>, forbidding (except to a limited extent on Christmas Night) celebration earlier than one hour before dawn or later than one hour after midday,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was relaxed in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a> and completely abolished in those of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, the time for fulfilling the obligation to attend Mass on Sunday or a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Day_of_Obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Day of Obligation">Holy Day of Obligation</a> now begins on the evening of the day before,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most parish churches do celebrate the Sunday Mass also on Saturday evening. By long tradition and liturgical law, Mass is not celebrated at any time on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, but rather the Celebration of the Passion of the Lord (with hosts consecrated at the Mass of the Lord's Supper on Holy Thursday). Nor may Mass on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> be celebrated before the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> (the beginning of the celebration of Easter Sunday, which is customarily begun only after sunset, completing the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Triduum" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Triduum">Easter Triduum</a> which began on Thursday). </p><p>Priests are required to celebrate Mass frequently and are earnestly recommended to do so daily.<sup id="cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, "apart from those cases in which the law allows him to celebrate or concelebrate the Eucharist a number of times on the same day, a priest may not celebrate more than once a day,"<sup id="cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "a priest may not celebrate the Eucharistic Sacrifice without the participation of at least one of the faithful, unless there is a good and reasonable cause for doing so."<sup id="cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Priests are required by their posts to celebrate Mass at least on Sundays, for the faithful in their pastoral care. The bishop of a diocese<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the pastor of a parish<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are required to celebrate or arrange for another priest to celebrate on every Sunday or <a href="/wiki/Holy_Day_of_Obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Day of Obligation">Holy Day of Obligation</a>, a Mass "pro populo" – that is, for the faithful entrusted to his care. </p><p>For Latin Church priests, there are a few general exceptions to the limitation to celebrate only one Mass a day.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By tradition, they may celebrate Mass three times on Christmas Day (the Midnight Mass or "Mass of the Angels", the Dawn Mass or "Shepherd's Mass", and the Day Mass or "Mass of the Divine Word", each of which has its own readings and chants). </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a> they may also, on the basis of a privilege to all priests by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> in August 1915, celebrate Mass three times; only one of the three Masses may be for the personal intentions of the priest, while the other two Masses must be for all the faithful departed and for the intentions of the Pope. A priest who has concelebrated the Chrism Mass, which may be held on the morning of Holy Thursday, may also celebrate or concelebrate the Mass of the Lord's Supper that evening. A priest may celebrate or concelebrate both the Mass of the Easter Vigil and Mass of Easter Sunday (the Easter Vigil "should not begin before nightfall; it should end before daybreak on Sunday"; and may therefore take place at midnight or in the early hours of Easter morning). Finally, a priest who has concelebrated Mass at a meeting of priests or during a pastoral visitation by a bishop or a bishop's delegate, may celebrate a second Mass for the benefit of the laity. </p><p>In addition to these general permissions, the Local Ordinary may, for a good reason, permit priests to celebrate twice (they are then said to "<a href="/wiki/Bination" title="Bination">binate</a>") on weekdays, and three times ("trinate" or "trination") on Sundays and Holy Days (canon 905 §2). Examples would be if a parish priest were to need to celebrate the usual, scheduled daily Mass of a parish and a funeral later in the morning, or three Masses to accommodate all of the parishioners in a very populous parish on Sundays. In particularly difficult circumstances, the Pope can grant the diocesan bishop permission to give his priests faculties to trinate on weekdays and quadrinate on Sundays. </p><p>In many countries, the bishop's power to permit priests to celebrate two or three Masses on one day is widely used, and it is common for priests assigned to parish ministry to celebrate at least two Masses on any given Sunday, and two Masses on several other days of the week. Permission for four Masses on one day has been obtained in order to cope with large numbers of Catholics either in mission lands or where the ranks of priests are diminishing. This sometimes also happens in the case of historic churches which are unusually small compared to their number of parishioners, but which have not been replaced due to their historic character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_table_regarding_priests_with_pastoral_responsibilities">Summary table regarding priests with pastoral responsibilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Summary table regarding priests with pastoral responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Situation </th> <th>Masses<br />permitted </th> <th>Masses<br />required* </th></tr> <tr> <td>Normal weekday </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Normal Sunday </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sunday, for just reasons** </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>All Souls' Day </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christmas Day*** </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weekday with permission of Local Ordinary </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sunday or Holy Day with permission of Local Ordinary </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weekday with permission of the Pope through Local Ordinary </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sunday or Holy Day with permission of the Pope through Local Ordinary </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* By any priest of a parish for the people; that is to say, individual priests are not required to say Masses on these days per se, but a Mass in each parish or oratory must be available for the people.<br /> ** According to the pastor's own judgment.<br /> *** By longstanding custom, this includes the First Mass of Christmas "during the night", even if it begins somewhat earlier than midnight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duration_of_the_celebration">Duration of the celebration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Duration of the celebration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The time it takes to celebrate Mass varies considerably. While the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> liturgy is shorter than other liturgical rites, it may on solemn occasions take over an hour and a half. The length of the <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a> is an obvious factor that contributes to the overall length. Other factors are the number of people receiving Communion and the number and length of the chants and other singing. </p><p>For most of the second millennium, before the twentieth century brought changes beginning with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a>'s encouragement of frequent Communion, the usual Mass was said exactly the same way whether people other than a server were present or not. No homily was given,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most often only the priest himself received Communion.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moral theologians gave their opinions on how much time the priest should dedicate to celebrating a Mass, a matter on which canon law and the Roman Missal were silent. One said that an hour should not be considered too long. Several others said that, in order to avoid tedium, Mass should last no more than half an hour; and in order to be said with due reverence, it should last no less than twenty minutes. Another theologian, who gave half an hour as the minimum time, considered that Mass could not be said in less than a quarter of an hour, an opinion supported by others, including Saint <a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a> who said that any priest who finished Mass in less than that time could scarcely be excused from mortal sin.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ritual_Masses">Ritual Masses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ritual Masses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Mass celebrated in connection with a particular rite, such as an ordination, a wedding, or a profession of religious vows, may use texts provided in the "Ritual Masses" section of the Roman Missal. The rite in question is, most often, a sacrament, but the section has special texts not only for Masses within which <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Matrimony</a> are celebrated, but also for Masses with religious profession, the dedication of a church, and several other rites. <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a> is the only sacrament not celebrated within a Eucharistic framework and for which therefore no Ritual Mass is provided.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Ritual Mass texts may not be used, except perhaps partially, when the rite is celebrated during especially important liturgical seasons or on high ranking feasts. </p><p>A Nuptial Mass<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Ritual Mass within which the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic marriage">matrimony</a> is celebrated. If one of a couple being married in a Catholic church is not a Catholic, the rite of matrimony outside Mass is to be followed. However, if the non-Catholic has been validly baptized, then, in exceptional cases and provided the bishop of the diocese gives permission, it may be considered suitable to celebrate the marriage within Mass, except that, according to the general law, Communion is not given to the non-Catholic (<i>Rite of Marriage</i>, 8). The Nuptial Mass contains special prayers for the couple and, in the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_form_of_the_Roman_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary form of the Roman Rite">ordinary form of the Roman Rite</a>, may be offered at any time of the liturgical year, except during the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_intentions">Mass intentions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mass intentions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> It is customary for Mass to be celebrated with a particular intention in mind. The intention may be related to a donation given by a member of the church and paid to the officiating priest as a <a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Code of Canon Law, canon 945 states that <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In accordance with the approved custom of the Church, any priest who celebrates or concelebrates a Mass may accept an offering to apply the Mass for a specific intention.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass (liturgy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass (music)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchrader" class="citation book cs1">Schrader, Fr. Dylan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.ipsissima-verba.org/documents/extraordinary-form-order-of-mass-all-draft-9.pdf"><i>The Order of Mass (The Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ipsissima Verba. pp. 1, 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+Mass+%28The+Extraordinary+Form+of+the+Roman+Rite%29&rft.pages=1%2C+18&rft.pub=Ipsissima+Verba&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=Fr.+Dylan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.ipsissima-verba.org%2Fdocuments%2Fextraordinary-form-order-of-mass-all-draft-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasalyga1948" class="citation web cs1">Basalyga, Benjamin (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211024919/http://www.athanasius.com/data/histlit.htm">"The Divine Liturgy History: ORDER OF THE LITURGY"</a>. <i>www.athanasius.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+The+sacrament+of+the+Eucharist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp2s2c1a3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCC,_1399-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCC,_1399_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060732/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P42.HTM">"<i>CCC</i>, 'The Paschal Mystery'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Vatican.va. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P42.HTM">the original</a> on 16 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCC%2C+%27The+Paschal+Mystery%27&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P42.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovhanessian2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hovhanessian, Vahan (2011). "Badarak (Patarag)". <i>The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470670606.wbecc0112">10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0112</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405157629" title="Special:BookSources/9781405157629"><bdi>9781405157629</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christian+Civilization&rft.atitle=Badarak+%28Patarag%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470670606.wbecc0112&rft.isbn=9781405157629&rft.aulast=Hovhanessian&rft.aufirst=Vahan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/the-mass/extraordinary-form">"Extraordinary Form of the Mass | USCCB"</a>. <i>www.usccb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usccb.org&rft.atitle=Extraordinary+Form+of+the+Mass+%7C+USCCB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fthe-mass%2Fextraordinary-form&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi.html">"Letter to the Bishops that accompanied the Apostolic Letter "Motu Proprio data" Summorum Pontificum on the Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970 (July 7, 2007) | BENEDICT XVI"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Letter+to+the+Bishops+that+accompanied+the+Apostolic+Letter+%22Motu+Proprio+data%22+Summorum+Pontificum+on+the+Roman+liturgy+prior+to+the+reform+of+1970+%28July+7%2C+2007%29+%26%23124%3B+BENEDICT+XVI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Fletters%2F2007%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/20210716-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes.html"><i>Traditionis custodes</i>, article 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. 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Charlotte, NC: TAN Books. pp. 15–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780895557643" title="Special:BookSources/9780895557643"><bdi>9780895557643</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+Mass+Explained&rft.place=Charlotte%2C+NC&rft.pages=15-30&rft.pub=TAN+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780895557643&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=Msgr.+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccwatershed.org/2014/01/25/josef-jungmann-study-roman-rite-mass-pdf/">"Now Online! Fr. Josef Jungmann's Study of the Roman Rite "Missarum Sollemnia"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Corpus Christi Watershed</i>. 2014-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corpus+Christi+Watershed&rft.atitle=Now+Online%21+Fr.+Josef+Jungmann%27s+Study+of+the+Roman+Rite+%22Missarum+Sollemnia%22&rft.date=2014-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccwatershed.org%2F2014%2F01%2F25%2Fjosef-jungmann-study-roman-rite-mass-pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=849oqrkWnx8C">The Eucharistic Liturgies: Their Evolution and Interpretation</a></i>. Liturgical Press; 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6240-3">978-0-8146-6240-3</a>. pp=1–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradshaw and Johnson (2012), pp. 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Fortescue. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oj4LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA178">The Mass: A Study of the Roman Liturgy</a></i>. Longmans Green & Co; 1917. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-87294-812-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-87294-812-4">978-5-87294-812-4</a>. p. 177–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/20210716-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes.html"><i>Traditionis custodes</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F_INDEX.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM), paragraph 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Roman Missal, Catholic Truth Society, 2010, ISBN 9781860827303, page 60, n. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatholic_ChurchInternational_Committee_on_English_in_the_Liturgy1989" class="citation book cs1">Catholic Church; International Committee on English in the Liturgy (1989). <i>Ceremonial of Bishops : revised by decree of the Second Vatican Council and published by the authority of Pope John Paul II</i>. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-1818-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-1818-9"><bdi>0-8146-1818-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20486520">20486520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+of+Bishops+%3A+revised+by+decree+of+the+Second+Vatican+Council+and+published+by+the+authority+of+Pope+John+Paul+II&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Minn.&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20486520&rft.isbn=0-8146-1818-9&rft.au=Catholic+Church&rft.au=International+Committee+on+English+in+the+Liturgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Roman Missal, Catholic Truth Society, 2010, ISBN 9781860827303, page 31, n. 21, footnote 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/20210716-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes.html"><i>Traditionis custodes</i>, article 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Corinthians 10:17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P44.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - IntraText"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P44.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The antiphon with its Psalm from the Graduale Romanum or the Graduale Simplex, or another chant ... whose text has been approved by the Conference of Bishops". GIRM, paragraph 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Order_of_Mass-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Order_of_Mass_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806055319/http://www.usccb.org/romanmissal/order-of-mass.pdf">"The Order of Mass"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</i>. International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/romanmissal/order-of-mass.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on Aug 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Conference+of+Catholic+Bishops&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+Mass&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fromanmissal%2Forder-of-mass.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theworkofgod.org/devotns/euchrist/guide.htm">"Catholic Mass guide - Order of the Mass"</a>. <i>Work of God</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Work+of+God&rft.atitle=Catholic+Mass+guide+-+Order+of+the+Mass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworkofgod.org%2Fdevotns%2Feuchrist%2Fguide.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIRM,_51-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GIRM,_51_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GIRM,_51_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Roman Missal</i>, "The Order of Mass", 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Roman Missal</i>, "The Order of Mass", 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Roman Missal</i>, "The Order of Mass", 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It is a praiseworthy practice for the bread and wine to be presented by the faithful." GIRM, paragraph 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/265820680"><i>Sanctus from </i>Missa de Angelis<i><span></span></i></a> [<i>12th century</i>] (vimeo) (in Latin). València<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanctus+from+Missa+de+Angelis&rft.place=Val%C3%A8ncia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F265820680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The faithful [...] should kneel [...] at the Consecration, except when prevented on occasion by ill health, or for reasons of lack of space, of the large number of people present, or for another reasonable cause. However, those who do not kneel ought to make a profound bow when the Priest genuflects after the Consecration." GIRM, paragraph 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:19&version=nrsv">Luke 22:19</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:24–25&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:24–25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 79c,f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_instr_19670305_musicam-sacram_en.html">"Musicam sacram"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Musicam+sacram&rft.pages=16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_instr_19670305_musicam-sacram_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraphs 80–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canonlaw.info/liturgysacraments_orans.htm">"Liturgy & Sacraments Documentation"</a>. <i>www.canonlaw.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canonlaw.info&rft.atitle=Liturgy+%26+Sacraments+Documentation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canonlaw.info%2Fliturgysacraments_orans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebostonpilot.com/Opinion/article.asp?ID=178135">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Orans' posture during Our Father"</a>. <i>www.thebostonpilot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thebostonpilot.com&rft.atitle=%27Orans%27+posture+during+Our+Father&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebostonpilot.com%2FOpinion%2Farticle.asp%3FID%3D178135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolndiocese.org/op-ed/in-laymans-terms/10599-how-should-we-pray-the-our-father">Bob Sullivan, "How should we pray the Our Father?" in <i>Southern Nebraska Register</i>, 26 January 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carmelite.org/documents/Lourdes/bergstromallencomingtoourfather.pdf">"Mass at Lourdes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mass+at+Lourdes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carmelite.org%2Fdocuments%2FLourdes%2Fbergstromallencomingtoourfather.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/holding-hands-at-the-our-father-4289">"Holding Hands at the Our Father? | EWTN"</a>. <i>EWTN Global Catholic Television Network</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN+Global+Catholic+Television+Network&rft.atitle=Holding+Hands+at+the+Our+Father%3F+%26%23124%3B+EWTN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fholding-hands-at-the-our-father-4289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter J. Elliott. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYhHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74">Liturgical Question Box: Answers to Common Questions about the Modern Liturgy</a></i>. Ignatius Press; 1 January 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-302-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-302-2">978-1-68149-302-2</a>. p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippart2011" class="citation web cs1">Philippart, David (2011-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscatholic.org/articles/201110/why-do-we-hold-hands-during-the-our-father/">"Why do we hold hands during the Our Father?"</a>. <i>U.S. Catholic magazine - Faith in Real Life</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Catholic+magazine+-+Faith+in+Real+Life&rft.atitle=Why+do+we+hold+hands+during+the+Our+Father%3F&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft.aulast=Philippart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscatholic.org%2Farticles%2F201110%2Fwhy-do-we-hold-hands-during-the-our-father%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scholasaintmaur.net/un-eveque-decrete-on-ne-se-tient-pas-la-main-pendant-le-notre-pere/">"Un évêque décrète : on ne se tient pas la main pendant le Notre Père. – Schola Saint Maur"</a> (in French). 24 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+%C3%A9v%C3%AAque+d%C3%A9cr%C3%A8te+%3A+on+ne+se+tient+pas+la+main+pendant+le+Notre+P%C3%A8re.+%E2%80%93+Schola+Saint+Maur&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholasaintmaur.net%2Fun-eveque-decrete-on-ne-se-tient-pas-la-main-pendant-le-notre-pere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscatholic.org/articles/201403/should-we-hold-hands-during-the-lords-prayer/">"Should we hold hands during the Lord's prayer?"</a>. <i>U.S. Catholic magazine - Faith in Real Life</i>. 2014-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Catholic+magazine+-+Faith+in+Real+Life&rft.atitle=Should+we+hold+hands+during+the+Lord%27s+prayer%3F&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscatholic.org%2Farticles%2F201403%2Fshould-we-hold-hands-during-the-lords-prayer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/should-we-hold-hands-or-not-during-our-father">"Should we hold hands or not during the Our Father?"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 2017-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Should+we+hold+hands+or+not+during+the+Our+Father%3F&rft.date=2017-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Fshould-we-hold-hands-or-not-during-our-father&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/62215/esta-bien-tomarnos-de-las-manos-al-rezar-el-padrenuestro-en-misa.html">"¿Está bien tomarnos de las manos al rezar el Padrenuestro en Misa?"</a>. <i>Catholic.net</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic.net&rft.atitle=%C2%BFEst%C3%A1+bien+tomarnos+de+las+manos+al+rezar+el+Padrenuestro+en+Misa%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fes.catholic.net%2Fop%2Farticulos%2F62215%2Festa-bien-tomarnos-de-las-manos-al-rezar-el-padrenuestro-en-misa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnh.org/assets/Documents/Worship/Our-Faith/Understanding/DifferenceAtMass.pdf">"Michael Kerper, "Why does everyone do something different at Mass?" in <i>Diocese of Manchester: The Catholic Church in New Hampshire</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Kerper%2C+%22Why+does+everyone+do+something+different+at+Mass%3F%22+in+Diocese+of+Manchester%3A+The+Catholic+Church+in+New+Hampshire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnh.org%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FWorship%2FOur-Faith%2FUnderstanding%2FDifferenceAtMass.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John 14:27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Rev 19:9]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mat 8:8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIRM,_160-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GIRM,_160_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html"><i>Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church # 291</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%23+291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a3.htm"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church #1385</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%231385&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp2s2c1a3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c2a4.htm"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church #1457</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%231457&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp2s2c2a4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Code of Canon Law, canon <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P39.HTM">916</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628182123/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P39.HTM">Archived</a> June 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Fideles communicant genuflexi vel stantes, prout Conferentia Episcoporum statuerit (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ccwatershed.org/media/pdfs/13/09/27/12-00-47_0.pdf">Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani, 160</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20030317_ordinamento-messale_en.html">"General Instruction of the Roman Missal"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=General+Instruction+of+the+Roman+Missal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fccdds%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_ccdds_doc_20030317_ordinamento-messale_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources/GIRM/Documents/GIRM.pdf">"with adaptations for England and Wales"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=with+adaptations+for+England+and+Wales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liturgyoffice.org.uk%2FResources%2FGIRM%2FDocuments%2FGIRM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mat 26:26-28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jn 6:50-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/litcomwenty/resources/resources--sunday-eucharist/the-mass-sacrifice-and-praise/the-mass--the-concluding-rites">"The Mass | The Concluding Rites - Liturgy | Our Lady of Mount Carmel Wentworthville"</a>. <i>sites.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sites.google.com&rft.atitle=The+Mass+%7C+The+Concluding+Rites+-+Liturgy+%7C+Our+Lady+of+Mount+Carmel+Wentworthville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Flitcomwenty%2Fresources%2Fresources--sunday-eucharist%2Fthe-mass-sacrifice-and-praise%2Fthe-mass--the-concluding-rites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Holy Mass...concludes with the sending forth (missio) of the faithful, so that they may fulfill God’s will in their daily lives." - <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> §1332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0813/_P2N.HTM">"CIC 1917: text - IntraText CT"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=CIC+1917%3A+text+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FLAT0813%2F_P2N.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028050759/http://www.fdlc.org/Liturgy_Resources/Liturgy_of_the_Hours6.htm">"THE LITURGICAL CALENDAR AND THE LITURGY OF THE HOURS"</a>. Federation of Diocesan Liturgical Commissions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdlc.org/Liturgy_Resources/Liturgy_of_the_Hours6.htm">the original</a> on October 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+LITURGICAL+CALENDAR+AND+THE+LITURGY+OF+THE+HOURS&rft.pub=Federation+of+Diocesan+Liturgical+Commissions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdlc.org%2FLiturgy_Resources%2FLiturgy_of_the_Hours6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter <i>De Missa vespere sabbati</i> of the Congregation of Rites dated Sept 25 1965, in <i>Enchiridion Documentorum Instaurationis Liturgicae</i>, vol I, n. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_-_IntraText_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P38.HTM">"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law+-+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F_P38.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1E.HTM">"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law+-+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P1E.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1U.HTM">"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law+-+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P1U.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preaching was generally done outside Mass. The <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/rubrics/">Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412042637/http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/rubrics/">Archived</a> 2008-04-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> of the Tridentine Missal mentions preaching at Mass only in connection with <a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a> (in section VI, 60) and only as a possibility.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllard" class="citation web cs1">Ellard, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928215532/http://jloughnan.tripod.com/ellard11.htm">"Chapter XI: Sacrificial-Mindedness Largely Lost - and Found"</a>. <i>CHRISTIAN LIFE AND WORSHIP</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jloughnan.tripod.com/ellard11.htm">the original</a> on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CHRISTIAN+LIFE+AND+WORSHIP&rft.atitle=Chapter+XI%3A+Sacrificial-Mindedness+Largely+Lost+-+and+Found&rft.aulast=Ellard&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjloughnan.tripod.com%2Fellard11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiguori1846" class="citation book cs1">Liguori, Alphonsus (1846). Jones, James (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cTAEAAAAQAAJ"><i>Sacerdos Sanctificatus; or, Discourses on the Mass and Office</i></a>. pp. 30–33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacerdos+Sanctificatus%3B+or%2C+Discourses+on+the+Mass+and+Office&rft.pages=30-33&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Liguori&rft.aufirst=Alphonsus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcTAEAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Nuptial Mass"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Nuptial_Mass">"Nuptial Mass" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nuptial+Mass&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/marriage-and-family/marriage/marriage-preparation/mpanalysis.cfm">"An Analysis of Diocesan Marriage Preparation Policies"</a>. <i>www.usccb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usccb.org&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Diocesan+Marriage+Preparation+Policies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fissues-and-action%2Fmarriage-and-family%2Fmarriage%2Fmarriage-preparation%2Fmpanalysis.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicexchange.com/what-are-mass-intentions-2">What are Mass intentions</a>, <i>Catholic Exchange</i>, published 15 July 2020, accessed 16 March 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Code of Canon Law, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P3C.HTM">Canon 945</a>, accessed 16 March 2023</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Midnight_Mass" class="extiw" title="q:Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A biblical walk through the Mass : understanding what we say and do in the liturgy</i>. Ascension Press. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935940-00-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935940-00-5"><bdi>978-1-935940-00-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+biblical+walk+through+the+Mass+%3A+understanding+what+we+say+and+do+in+the+liturgy&rft.pub=Ascension+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-935940-00-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template talk:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Singmesse" title="Deutsche Singmesse">Deutsche Singmesse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Mass" title="Dialogue Mass">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Organ_Mass" title="French Organ Mass">French Organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa cantata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Sicca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Nuptial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">Sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass#Liturgical_structure" title="Tridentine Mass">Order</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pre-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Catechumens" title="Mass of the Catechumens">Mass of the Catechumens</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Iudica me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mea_culpa" title="Mea culpa">mea culpa</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Lection</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">Sequentia</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Faithful" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass of the Faithful">Mass of the Faithful</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">Secret</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Roman Canon</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">Oblation</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">Elevation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">Doxology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater Noster</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">Embolism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunio</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine prayers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>For <a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">funeral Mass</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dies_irae" title="Dies irae">Dies irae</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pie_Jesu" title="Pie Jesu">Pie Iesu</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Libera_me" title="Libera me">Libera Me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_peace" title="Rest in peace">Requiescant in pace</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolution_of_the_dead" title="Absolution of the dead">Absolution of the dead</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/In_paradisum" title="In paradisum">In paradisum</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">De profundis</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">schola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cards" title="Altar cards">Altar cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">Sacristy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar cloths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Burse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Purificator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Illumination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar (Catholic Church)#Candles and candlesticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Cæremoniale Episcoporum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Missale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Pontificale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Rituale Romanum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass#Vestments" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincture" title="Cincture">Cincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_gloves" title="Episcopal gloves">Episcopal gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_ring" title="Ecclesiastical ring">Ecclesiastical ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_lace" title="Liturgical lace">Liturgical lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Papal fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Papal tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcinctorium" title="Subcinctorium">Subcinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_(vestment)" title="Rationale (vestment)">Superhumerale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Graduale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_hymns" title="List of Catholic hymns">Hymn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyriale" title="Kyriale">Kyriale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Usualis" title="Liber Usualis">Liber Usualis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_for_the_Requiem_Mass" title="Music for the Requiem Mass">Music for the Requiem Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Church organ">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_(music)" title="Voluntary (music)">voluntary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphony#Catholic_Church" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">Reciting tone</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recto_tono" title="Recto tono">Recto tono</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Antiphonary" title="Gregorian Antiphonary">Gregorian Antiphonary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Calendar</a><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">1954</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphanytide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">After Pentecost</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moveable_feast" title="Moveable feast">Moveable feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_(liturgy)" title="Octave (liturgy)">Octaves</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">Solemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feria" title="Feria">Feria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline" title="Eucharistic discipline">Discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Catholic eucharistic theology">History of Catholic eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Roman_Catholic_and_Orthodox_views" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">propers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Psalters" title="Latin Psalters">Latin Psalters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alternatim" title="Alternatim">Alternatim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspersion" title="Aspersion">Aspersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coetus_Internationalis_Patrum" title="Coetus Internationalis Patrum">Coetus Internationalis Patrum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" title="List of communities using the Tridentine Mass">Communities using the Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> & <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hours%27_Devotion" title="Forty Hours' Devotion">Forty Hours' Devotion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">Litany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Plenary indulgence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission <i>Ecclesia Dei</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Preces" title="Preces">Preces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quo_primum" title="Quo primum">Quo primum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Forms and uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">After the Second Vatican Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (Ordinary Form)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive Mass</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ritual_Masses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual Masses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mass" title="Blue Mass">Blue Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and Conventual Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Mass">Gold Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptial_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuptial Mass">Nuptial Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Mass">Rose Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Month%27s_mind" title="Month's mind">Month's mind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Order of Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Pre-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Psalm 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Entrance Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">Dominus vobiscum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Oremus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms#Roman_Catholic_usage" title="Psalms">Responsorial Psalm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistle (liturgy)">Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">sequence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Universal Prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Eucharist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">prayer over the gifts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">anamnesis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">texts and rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">doxology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Post-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_altar_servers" title="Female altar servers">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_minister_of_Holy_Communion" title="Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion">Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_congress" title="Eucharistic congress">Eucharistic Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Candles and candlesticks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice veil">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_bench" title="Communion bench">Communion bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall (liturgy)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purificator" class="mw-redirect" title="Purificator">Purificator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday#Christian_use_of_ashes" title="Ash Wednesday">Ashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion-plate" title="Communion-plate">Communion-plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Ceremonial of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Roman Gradual</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graduale_Simplex" title="Graduale Simplex">Graduale Simplex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Calendars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">General Roman Calendar of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> (current)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic<br />discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_Communion" title="Frequent Communion">Frequent Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_communion" title="Spiritual communion">Spiritual communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic<br />theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_roots_of_Catholic_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology">Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirae_caritatis" title="Mirae caritatis">Mirae caritatis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterium_fidei_(encyclical)" title="Mysterium fidei (encyclical)"><i>Mysterium fidei</i> (encyclical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Catholic:_Objective,_substantial_and_entire" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Eucharist" title="Year of the Eucharist">Year of the Eucharist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Regulations<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">Propers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_the_Apostolic_Tradition" title="Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition">Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Christian prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">effects of prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_de_Eucharistia" title="Ecclesia de Eucharistia">Ecclesia de Eucharistia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominicae_cenae" title="Dominicae cenae">Dominicae Cenae</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermentum" title="Fermentum">Fermentum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediator_Dei" title="Mediator Dei">Mediator Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_(apostolic_constitution)" title="Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)"><i>Missale Romanum</i> (apostolic constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Catholic_liturgical_music" title="Contemporary Catholic liturgical music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercoranism" title="Stercoranism">Stercoranism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">rites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template talk:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consecrated_life_in_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monastic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism" title="Cenobitic monasticism">Cenobitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiorrhythmic_monasticism" title="Idiorrhythmic monasticism">Idiorrhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_order_(religious)" title="Second order (religious)">Second orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleric_regular" title="Cleric regular">Cleric regular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/70px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/105px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/140px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">Vows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_counsels" title="Evangelical counsels">Evangelical counsels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a 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title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nun#Distinction_between_a_nun_and_a_religious_sister" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" 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