CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html><head><title>View article</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="always"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><meta name="description" content="‪TM Teslovich, K Musunuru, AV Smith, AC Edmondson, IM Stylianou, M Koseki, JP Pirruccello, S Ripatti, DI Chasman, CJ Willer…‬, ‪Nature, 2010‬ - ‪Cited by 4,139‬"><meta property="og:description" content="‪TM Teslovich, K Musunuru, AV Smith, AC Edmondson, IM Stylianou, M Koseki, JP Pirruccello, S Ripatti, DI Chasman, CJ Willer…‬, ‪Nature, 2010‬ - ‪Cited by 4,139‬"><meta property="og:title" content="‪Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids‬"><meta property="og:image" content=""><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>html,body,form,table,div,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,img,ol,ul,li,button{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-width:0;empty-cells:show;}html,body{height:100%}#gs_top{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;min-width:964px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}#gs_top>*:not(#x){-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(204,204,204,.5);}.gs_el_ph #gs_top,.gs_el_ta #gs_top{min-width:320px;}#gs_top.gs_nscl{position:fixed;width:100%;}body,td,input,button{font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.24;}body{background:#fff;color:#222;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:none;}.gs_gray{color:#777777}.gs_red{color:#dd4b39}.gs_grn{color:#006621}.gs_lil{font-size:11px}.gs_med{font-size:16px}.gs_hlt{font-weight:bold;}a:link{color:#1a0dab;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#660099;text-decoration:none}a:hover,a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:underline}a:active,a:active .gs_lbl,a .gs_lbl:active{color:#d14836}.gs_el_tc a:hover,.gs_el_tc a:hover .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_pfcs a:focus,.gs_pfcs button:focus,.gs_pfcs input:focus,.gs_pfcs label:focus{outline:none}.gs_a,.gs_a a:link,.gs_a a:visited{color:#006621}.gs_a a:active{color:#d14836}a.gs_fl:link,.gs_fl a:link{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_fl:visited,.gs_fl a:visited{color:#660099}a.gs_fl:active,.gs_fl a:active{color:#d14836}.gs_fl{color:#777777}.gs_ctc,.gs_ctu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctc{color:#1a0dab}.gs_ctg,.gs_ctg2{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctg{color:#1a0dab}a.gs_pda,.gs_pda a{padding:7px 0 5px 0}.gs_alrt{background:#f9edbe;border:1px solid #f0c36d;padding:0 16px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:2px;}.gs_alrt:empty{display:none;}.gs_spc{display:inline-block;width:12px}.gs_br{width:0;font-size:0}.gs_ibl{display:inline-block;}.gs_scl:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;}.gs_ind{padding-left:8px;text-indent:-8px}.gs_ico,.gs_icm{display:inline-block;background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png);background-position:-23px -161px;background-size:169px;width:21px;height:21px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_ico,.gs_icm{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);}}.gs_el_ta .gs_nta,.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_nph,.gs_oph{display:none}.gs_el_ta .gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_oph{display:inline}.gs_el_ta div.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph div.gs_oph{display:block}.gs_sth_g{visibility:hidden;max-height:0;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_g{max-height:1000px;}.gs_sth_vis .gs_sth_b{position:fixed;top:0;}.gs_sth_trk .gs_sth_b{position:absolute;top:auto;}@keyframes gs_anm_spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg);}100%{transform:rotate(360deg);}}.gs_invis{visibility:hidden;}.gs_rimg{display:block;background-color:#e5e5e5;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;z-index:1;}.gs_rimg>img{position:absolute;margin:auto;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;}.gs_in_txtw{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.gs_in_txtb{display:block;}.gs_in_txt{color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box;height:29px;line-height:23px;border:1px solid #d9d9d9;border-top-color:#c0c0c0;padding:3px 6px 1px 8px;border-radius:1px;outline:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txt{font-size:18px;}.gs_in_txtb .gs_in_txt{width:100%;}.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;padding:3px 12px 1px 12px;}.gs_in_txt:hover{border-color:#b9b9b9;border-top-color:#a0a0a0;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txt{border-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_in_txt:focus{border-color:#4d90fe;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);}.gs_in_txt:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{font-size:13px;height:24px;line-height:16px;padding:3px 6px;}.gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:12px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm .gs_in_txt{height:29px;line-height:21px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_txtm.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:14.5px;}.gs_in_txtl .gs_in_txt{height:41px;padding:9px 43px;}.gs_in_txtl.gs_in_rnd .gs_in_txt{border-radius:20.5px;}.gs_in_txts{font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#666;}.gs_in_txts:not(:empty){margin-top:2px;}.gs_in_txte .gs_in_txts{color:#dd4b39;}button{position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;height:29px;line-height:normal;min-width:72px;padding:0 8px;color:#444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:3px;text-align:center;background-color:#f5f5f5;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}button.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:14px;padding:0 12px;}button.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:4px;}button.gs_btn_lrge{height:41px;min-width:82px;padding:0 9px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym{padding-left:5px;padding-right:8px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd{border-radius:20px;padding:0 16px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_rnd.gs_btn_rndci{padding-left:10px;}button.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:14.5px;min-width:29px;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir{border-radius:20.5px;min-width:41px;}button.gs_btn_mini{padding:0;border:0;}.gs_el_ph button.gs_btn_mph,.gs_el_ta button.gs_btn_mta{height:41px;}button .gs_wr{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:100%;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before{content:"";width:0;height:100%;}button .gs_wr:before,button .gs_ico,button .gs_rdt,button .gs_lbl,button .gs_icm{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}button .gs_wr{font-size:13px;text-transform:none;}.gs_btn_lrge .gs_wr{font-size:15px;}.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr{font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsb .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lsu .gs_wr,.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_lrge_asym .gs_wr{font-size:13px;}.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph{min-width:36px;}.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_half,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_hph,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph{min-width:41px;}.gs_btn_slt{border-radius:3px 0 0 3px;}.gs_btn_srt{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;}.gs_btn_smd{margin-left:-1px;border-radius:0;}button:hover{z-index:2;color:#222;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background-color:#f8f8f8;}button.gs_sel{background-color:#dcdcdc;}button:active{z-index:2;background-color:#f1f1f1;}button:focus{z-index:2;}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}.gs_pfcs button:-moz-focusring{outline:none}a.gs_in_ib{position:relative;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:6px 0 7px 0;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}a.gs_btn_lrge{height:40px;padding:0;}a.gs_in_bgcw{min-width:41px;}a.gs_btn_lrge.gs_in_bgcw:before{position:absolute;content:"";height:29px;width:29px;top:6px;left:6px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgb(0,0,0,.4);border-radius:50%;}a.gs_in_bgcw:hover:before{background-color:#f5f5f5;}a.gs_in_bgcw:active:before{background-color:#e5e5e5;}a.gs_in_bgcw.gs_dis:before{background-color:#fff;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;color:#222;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:29px;}button.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-left:4px;}a.gs_in_ib:active .gs_lbl,a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl:active,a.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_lbl{color:#d14836;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_lbl,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_lbl{display:none;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:3px;left:0;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{left:14px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_ico{top:11px;}.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix .gs_ico{top:10px;left:16px;}a.gs_btn_lrge .gs_ico{top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{opacity:.55;}.gs_in_ib:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_ib:active .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib .gs_ico:active,.gs_in_ib :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_in_ib:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_ico{opacity:.28;}.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_act .gs_ico,.gs_in_ib.gs_btn_cre .gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_ico,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_rdt{position:relative;width:0;height:21px;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_rdt{left:21px;}.gs_rdt:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:1px;right:0;width:5px;height:5px;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background-color:#dd4b39;}.gs_notf{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-left:8px;width:16px;line-height:16px;background-color:#d14836;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;text-align:center;font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_notf:empty{display:none;}.gs_ind .gs_notf{text-indent:0;}button.gs_btn_flat{border-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_olact{color:#4d90fe;background-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_flat:hover,button.gs_btn_olact:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);}button.gs_btn_flat:active,button.gs_btn_olact:active{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_btn_flat.gs_btn_flact{color:#1a0dab;}button.gs_btn_act{color:#fff;background-color:#4d90fe;}button.gs_btn_act:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#3983fe;}button.gs_btn_act.gs_sel{background-color:#2f6bcc;}button.gs_btn_act:active{background-color:#357ae8;}button.gs_btn_cre{color:#fff;background-color:#d14836;}button.gs_btn_cre:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#c53727;}button.gs_btn_cre.gs_sel{background-color:#992b1e;}button.gs_btn_cre:active{background-color:#b0281a;}button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:hover,button.gs_btn_hov_nobg:active{border:none;background:transparent;}button:disabled,button:disabled:hover,button:disabled:active{cursor:default;color:#b8b8b8;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);background-color:transparent;z-index:0;}button.gs_btn_flat:disabled{color:#b8b8b8;border-color:transparent;}button.gs_btn_act:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#a6c8ff;}button.gs_btn_cre:disabled{color:#fff;background-color:#e8a49b;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis{cursor:default;pointer-events:none}a.gs_in_ib.gs_dis .gs_lbl{color:#b8b8b8;text-decoration:none}.gs_ttp{position:absolute;top:100%;right:50%;z-index:10;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;}button:hover .gs_ttp,button:focus .gs_ttp,a:hover .gs_ttp,a:focus .gs_ttp{transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.gs_md_tb.gs_sel .gs_ttp{transition:none;visibility:hidden;}button.gs_btn_lrge.gs_btn_cir .gs_ttp{top:75%;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro,.gs_ttp .gs_aru{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:-5px;width:0;height:0;line-height:0;font-size:0;border:5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#595959;z-index:1;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro{top:-3px;right:-6px;border-width:6px;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:white;}.gs_ttp .gs_txt{display:block;position:relative;top:2px;right:-50%;padding:4px 6px;background:#595959;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid white;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);}.gs_press,.gs_in_se,.gs_tan{touch-action:none;}.gs_in_se .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding-right:14px;}.gs_in_se .gs_icm{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-5.5px;right:0;width:7px;height:11px;background-position:-21px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_in_se:hover .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}.gs_in_se:active .gs_icm{opacity:1;}.gs_in_se:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.28;}.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_hta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_hph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_mta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_mph .gs_icm,.gs_el_ta .gs_btn_cta .gs_icm,.gs_el_ph .gs_btn_cph .gs_icm{display:none;}.gs_btn_mnu .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:0 -110px;}.gs_in_se.gs_btn_act .gs_icm,.gs_in_se.gs_btn_cre .gs_icm{margin-top:-3.5px;height:7px;background-position:-42px -44px;opacity:1;}.gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_icm,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_icm{opacity:.72;}button.gs_btnG .gs_ico{width:21px;height:21px;background-position:-92px -253px;}button .gs_bs{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-10px;box-sizing:border-box;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid #eee;border-top-color:#4d90fe;visibility:hidden;animation:gs_anm_spin .8s linear infinite;}button.gs_bsp .gs_bs{visibility:visible;transition:visibility 0s .4s;}.gs_md_d{text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);z-index:1100;text-align:left;visibility:hidden;max-height:0;margin-top:-1000px;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s,visibility 0s .13s,max-height 0s .13s,margin-top 0s .13s;}.gs_md_d.gs_vis{visibility:visible;max-height:10000px;margin-top:0;opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d{transform-origin:100% 0;transform:scale(1,0);transition:opacity .218s ease-out,transform 0s .218s,visibility 0s .218s,max-height 0s .218s,margin-top 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzi{transform-origin:50% 50%;transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzr{transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:scale(1,1);transition:transform .218s ease-out;}.gs_md_r{position:relative;display:inline-block;}.gs_md_rmb>.gs_md_d{top:29px}.gs_md_rmbl>.gs_md_d{top:41px}.gs_md_ul{list-style-type:none;word-wrap:break-word;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}.gs_md_ul.gs_md_ul_tb{display:block;}.gs_md_li,.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li,.gs_md_li:link,.gs_md_li:visited{display:block;padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#222;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;position:relative;z-index:0;}a.gs_md_li:hover .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_li:active .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li{padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:10px;}.gs_md_li.gs_md_lix{font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding:12px 16px 8px 16px;}.gs_md_li:before{content:"";background-color:#f1f1f1;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;opacity:0;transition:opacity .13s;z-index:-1;}.gs_md_li:hover:before,.gs_md_li:focus:before{opacity:1;transition:all 0s;}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_lbl{color:#222}a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl{color:#444}.gs_md_li:active:before{background-color:#ddd}.gs_md_li.gs_sel,a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_sel .gs_lbl{color:#d14836}.gs_md_d:focus,.gs_md_li:focus{outline:none}a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl:not(:empty){padding:0 0 0 40px;}a.gs_in_cb:link,a.gs_in_cb:visited,a.gs_in_cb:active,a.gs_in_cb:hover{cursor:pointer;color:#222;text-decoration:none;}.gs_in_cb,.gs_in_ra{position:relative;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li{padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;}.gs_in_cb input,.gs_in_ra input{position:absolute;top:1px;left:1px;width:15px;height:15px;margin:0;padding:0;opacity:0;z-index:2;}.gs_in_ra input{top:0;left:0}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb input{top:9px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra input{top:8px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj input{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_in_cb label,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_in_ra label{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px;min-height:16px;}.gs_in_ra_lrge{font-size:15px;}.gs_in_cb label:empty:before,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl:empty:before,.gs_in_ra label:empty:before{content:"\200b";}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb label,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra label{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj label,.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_lbl{padding:13px 0 12px 41px;}.gs_in_cbb,.gs_in_cbb label,.gs_in_cbb .gs_lbl{display:block;}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{position:absolute}.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:2px;left:2px;width:11px;height:11px;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;border-radius:1px;}.gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:8px;left:18px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx{top:10px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_cbx{top:16px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_cbx{top:15px;left:15px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:8px}.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx{top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;width:13px;height:13px;border-radius:7px;}.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#666;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx{border-color:#c6c6c6;}.gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:1px dotted #222;}.gs_pfcs .gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_pfcs .gs_in_ra :focus~label{outline:none;}.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_cb :active~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :active~.gs_cbx{border-color:#666;background-color:#ebebeb;}button.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx{border-color:#a6a6a6;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :disabled~.gs_cbx,button.gs_in_cb:disabled .gs_cbx{border-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:none;}.gs_in_cb :disabled~label,.gs_in_ra :disabled~label{color:#b8b8b8;}.gs_in_cb.gs_err .gs_cbx{border-color:#eda29b;}.gs_in_cb .gs_chk,.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-3px;left:-2px;width:21px;height:21px;}.gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:3px;left:14px}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_chk{top:5px}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_chk{top:11px}.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_chk{top:10px;left:11px}.gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:4px;left:4px;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:4px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_chk{top:12px}.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -69px -67px;opacity:.62;}.gs_in_ra input:checked~.gs_chk{background-color:#666}.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png) -21px -44px;opacity:.55;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){.gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk{background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png);background-size:169px;}}.gs_in_cb input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{opacity:.22}.gs_in_ra input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk{background-color:#f1f1f1}.gs_in_cb.gs_bsp .gs_cbx{top:6px;left:16px;border-radius:6px;border-width:3px;animation:gs_cbx_spn .5s infinite linear;}.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb.gs_md_li.gs_bsp .gs_cbx{top:14px}.gs_in_cb .gs_csp{background:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/spinner.gif') no-repeat;position:absolute;height:25px;width:25px;top:2px;left:12px;display:none;animation:gs_cbx_ah 9s infinite;}.gs_in_cb.gs_bsp .gs_csp{display:block}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_csp{top:10px}@keyframes gs_cbx_spn{0%,100%{border-color:#4d90fe #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6}40%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #4d90fe #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6}50%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #4d90fe #c6c6c6}60%{border-color:#c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #c6c6c6 #4d90fe}}@keyframes gs_cbx_ah{0%,100%{visibility:hidden}}.gs_ico_x{background-position:-113px -22px;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_x:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_x:active{opacity:1;}.gs_ico_X{background-position:-71px 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_X:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_X:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnX .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_ico_Xt{background-origin:content-box;background-clip:content-box;padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;}.gs_ico_P{background-position:0 0;opacity:.55;}.gs_ico_P:hover{opacity:.72;}.gs_ico_P:active{opacity:1;}.gs_btnP .gs_ico{background-position:-21px 0;}.gs_btnC .gs_ico{background-position:0 -66px;}.gs_btnL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -44px;}.gs_ico_LB{background-position:-50px -44px;height:16px;}.gs_btnJ .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -22px;}.gs_btnM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px 0;}.gs_btnMW .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -22px;}.gs_btnSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -44px;}.gs_btnTSB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -253px;}.gs_btnPL .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -66px;}.gs_btnPR .gs_ico{background-position:-21px -66px;}.gs_btnPLW .gs_ico{background-position:-0 -230px;}.gs_btnPRW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -230px;}.gs_btnZI .gs_ico{background-position:-148px -22px;}.gs_btnZO .gs_ico{background-position:-127px -44px;}.gs_btnDE .gs_ico{background-position:-134px 0;}.gs_btnFI .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -66px;}.gs_btnAD .gs_ico{background-position:-141px -88px;opacity:.55;}.gs_btnAD:hover .gs_ico{opacity:.72;}.gs_btnAD:active .gs_ico,.gs_btnAD .gs_ico:active,.gs_btnAD :active~.gs_ico{opacity:1;}.gs_btnBA .gs_ico{background-position:-50px -22px;}.gs_btnADD .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -66px;}.gs_btnMRG .gs_ico{background-position:-113px 0;}.gs_btnLBL .gs_ico{background-position:0 -161px;}.gs_btnCNCL .gs_ico{background-position:-71px 0;}.gs_btnDWL .gs_ico{background-position:-28px -88px;}.gs_btnMNU .gs_ico{background-position:0 -88px;}.gs_btnMNT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -161px;}.gs_btnALT .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -161px;}.gs_btnART .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -161px;}.gs_btnGSL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -161px;}.gs_btnCLS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -161px;}.gs_btnXBLU .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -253px;}.gs_btnSSB .gs_ico{background-position:0 -276px;}.gs_btnSSW .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -276px;}.gs_btnFLT .gs_ico{background-position:0 -184px;}.gs_btnXT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -184px;}.gs_btnPD .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -184px;}.gs_btnPU .gs_ico {background-position:-92px -276px;}.gs_btnCP .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -184px;}.gs_btnTP .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -184px;}.gs_btnML .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -276px;}.gs_btnCHK .gs_ico{background-position:-71px -66px;}.gs_btnDNB .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -230px;}.gs_btnDNW .gs_ico{background-position:0 -207px;}.gs_btnACA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -207px;}.gs_btnAPT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -207px;}.gs_btnAPTW .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -230px;}.gs_btnAFL .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -207px;}.gs_btnAN .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -276px;}.gs_btnAI .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -276px;}.gs_btnPBL .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -207px;}.gs_btnUCT .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -207px;}.gs_btnVRF .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -207px;}.gs_btnLSI .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -230px;}.gs_btnLSG .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -230px;}.gs_btnMOR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -253px;}.gs_btnADV .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -253px;}.gs_btnPRO .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -253px;}.gs_ico_star{background-position:-71px -44px;width:13px;height:13px;}.gs_btnPLSW .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -230px;}.gs_btnPDF .gs_ico{background-position:0 -253px;}.gs_btnS .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -276px;}.gs_btnUNS .gs_ico{background-position:0 -299px;}.gs_btnMORR .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -299px;}.gs_btnTW .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -299px;}.gs_btnIN .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -299px;}.gs_btnFB .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -299px;}.gs_btnET .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -299px;}.gs_btnARC .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -299px;}.gs_btnOL .gs_ico{background-position:0px -322px;}.gs_btnFA .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -322px;}.gs_btnFAD .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -322px;}.gs_btnHP .gs_ico{background-position:-69px -322px;}.gs_btnPLM .gs_ico{background-position:-92px -322px;}.gs_btnPRM .gs_ico{background-position:-115px -322px;}.gs_btnRN .gs_ico{background-position:-138px -322px;}.gs_btnVF .gs_ico{background-position:0px -345px;}.gs_btnVP .gs_ico{background-position:-23px -345px;}.gs_btnSRT .gs_ico{background-position:-46px -345px;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}#gs_hdr_drw{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:1200;visibility:hidden;overflow:auto;width:228px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15);outline:none;transform:translate(-100%,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s .15s;}#gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),visibility 0s .3s;}.gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis{transition:transform .225s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1),visibility 0s;}#gs_top #gs_hdr_drw.gs_abt,#gs_top #gs_md_s.gs_abt{transition:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_in{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%;padding:0 0 8px 0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_in,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_in{padding:0 0 65px 0;}#gs_hdr_drw_top{position:relative;height:63px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin-bottom:8px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_top,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_top{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;}#gs_hdr_drw_mnu{left:0;width:55px;}#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{left:56px;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin:8px 0;}.gs_hdr_drw_sec:first-child:before{display:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_bot,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_bot{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:100%;height:65px;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_md_li:before{opacity:0;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_hdr_pp{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:14px;left:15px;pointer-events:none;}#gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_lbl{display:block;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}#gs_hdr{position:relative;height:63px;background-color:#f5f5f5;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr{height:57px;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md,#gs_hdr_sre,#gs_hdr_act{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}#gs_hdr_md{flex:1 1 auto;}#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso{display:none;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo{display:inline-block;}#gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_sre{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{width:149px;background:no-repeat url('/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/scholar_logo_24dp.png') 0% 50%;background-size:149px;}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi){#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo{background-image:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/scholar_logo_24dp.png');}}#gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:31px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_lgo{margin-right:0;}#gs_hdr_lgt{min-width:164px;margin-right:16px;}#gs_hdr_md{margin-right:16px;min-width:1px;}#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md h1{padding:19px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:20px;line-height:25px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;max-width:100%;text-align:left;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_md h1{padding:16px 0 0 0;}#gs_hdr_srch{padding:14px 0 0 0;max-width:600px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_srch{padding:10px 0 0 0;max-width:none;}#gs_hdr_frm{position:relative;padding-right:39px;}#gs_hdr_tsi{height:38px;border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;}#gs_hdr_tsi::-ms-clear{display:none;}#gs_hdr_tsc{display:none;position:absolute;top:3px;right:41px;width:21px;height:21px;padding:6px 10px 7px 10px;}.gs_in_acw[dir="rtl"]~#gs_hdr_tsc{right:auto;left:1px;}#gs_hdr_tsb{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:40px;height:38px;border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;}#gs_hdr_frm_ac{top:37px;right:40px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_frm_ac{right:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_bck,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_lgt,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_sre,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_bck{display:none;}.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md{margin-left:16px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="ltr"]{padding-right:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="rtl"]{padding-left:41px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc .gs_in_acw~#gs_hdr_tsc{display:block;}#gs_hdr_act{min-width:64px;max-width:200px;text-align:right;float:right;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act{display:none;}#gs_hdr_act_i,#gs_hdr_act_s{display:inline-block;padding:23px 24px 23px 16px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;color:#444;}#gs_hdr_act_s{text-transform:uppercase;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:23px 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_s{padding:20px 16px;}#gs_hdr_act_i:active,#gs_hdr_act_s:active{color:#d14836;}#gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:13px;}#gs_hdr_act_i .gs_hdr_pp{vertical-align:top;}#gs_hdr_act_d{top:63px;left:auto;right:24px;min-width:288px;max-width:400px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_d{right:16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_d{top:57px;min-width:280px;max-width:280px;max-width:90vw;}/* Account dialog body. */#gs_hdr_act_aw,#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am,#gs_hdr_act_ab{display:block;padding:10px 20px;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal;}#gs_hdr_act_aw{background-color:#fef9db;font-size:11px;}#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}#gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:20px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_ap{padding:10px;}#gs_hdr_act_apb{margin-top:12px;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:link,#gs_hdr_act_aa:visited{float:right;margin-left:8px;color:#1a0dab;}#gs_hdr_act_aa:active{color:#d14836}.gs_hdr_act_am:link,.gs_hdr_act_am:visited{color:#222;text-decoration:none;background:#fbfbfb;}.gs_hdr_act_am:hover,.gs_hdr_act_am:focus{background:#f1f1f1;}.gs_hdr_act_am:active{background:#eee;}#gs_hdr_act_ab{background:#fbfbfb;padding:10px 0;display:table;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;}#gs_hdr_act_aba,#gs_hdr_act_abs{display:table-cell;padding:0 20px;}#gs_hdr_act_abs{text-align:right;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs{display:block;padding:10px;text-align:center;}.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba button,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs button{width:100%;}#gs_hdr_act_a1,#gs_hdr_act_a2{position:absolute;top:-9px;right:7.5px;width:0;height:0;z-index:1;border:8.5px solid transparent;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#333;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);}#gs_hdr_act_a2{top:-8px;border-bottom-color:#fff;}.gs_hdr_act_mw #gs_hdr_act_a2{border-bottom-color:#fef9db;}.gs_hdr_pp{border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pp,.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pp{float:left;}#gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pm{margin-left:116px;}.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pm{margin:6px 0 0 58px;}#gs_ab{position:relative;height:41px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:flex;white-space:nowrap;background-color:#fff;z-index:1000;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab.gs_nta,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab.gs_nph{display:none;}.gs_sth_vis #gs_ab{position:fixed;}#gs_ab_ico,#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_md,#gs_ab_btns{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;position:relative;height:100%;flex:0 0 auto;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_md{display:block;}#gs_ab_ico{width:55px;margin-right:1px;}#gs_ab_ico .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin:-10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;}#gs_ab_ttl{min-width:172px;padding-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:68px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_ttl{min-width:0;}#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_ttll{font-size:18px;color:#666;text-transform:none;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttll{font-size:16px;}#gs_ab_ttll{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:200px;}#gs_ab_md{flex:1 0 auto;}.gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:13px;line-height:17px;padding:0 8px;color:#999;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md{visibility:hidden;padding:0;}#gs_ab_btns{margin-right:8px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_btns{margin-right:4px;}#gs_ab_ttl:before,#gs_ab_md:before,#gs_ab_btns:before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:0;height:100%;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab_md>button,#gs_ab_btns>button,#gs_ab_md>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_md>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 8px;vertical-align:middle;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,.gs_ab_btw{display:inline-block;margin:0;}#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib{margin:0 16px 0 8px;}#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw{margin:0 12px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns{display:none;}#gs_bdy{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}#gs_bdy_sb{vertical-align:top;width:228px;word-wrap:break-word;display:table-cell;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_sb{}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_sb,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_sb{display:none;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec{margin:0 40px 0 56px;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:before{display:block;content:" ";height:0;margin:13px 0;border-top:1px solid #eee;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child:before{margin:21px 0 0 0;border:none;}#gs_bdy_sb ul{list-style-type:none;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:visited{color:#222;}.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:active{color:#d14836;}.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:visited{color:#d14836;text-decoration:none;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind,.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind a{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child li.gs_ind:first-child{margin-top:-8px;}#gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,#gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:6px;}.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_ind,.gs_el_tc #gs_bdy_sb .gs_inw{margin-bottom:0;}#gs_bdy_ccl{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;padding:0 24px 0 16px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;}.gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_ccl,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px 0 56px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_ccl{padding:0 16px;padding:0;}#gs_ftr_sp{height:62px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_sp{height:57px;}#gs_ftr{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:flex;}#gs_ftr.gs_pfix{position:fixed;}#gs_ftr_rt{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin-left:auto;padding:0 12px;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt{padding:0 8px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_ftr_rt:after{content:" ";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:16px;height:100%;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(242,242,242,0),rgba(242,242,242,1) 80%);}#gs_ftr_rt>a{display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:12px;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_rt>a{padding:12px 8px;}#gs_ftr_rt>a:link,#gs_ftr_rt>a:visited{color:#666}#gs_ftr_rt>a:active{color:#d14836}#gs_ftr_mnu{top:auto;bottom:48px;left:auto;right:24px;padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_sm #gs_ftr_mnu{right:16px;}#gsc_sb_ui{text-align:center;margin-bottom:16px;}#gsc_sb_ui img{max-width:120px;height:auto;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_sb_ui img{max-width:100px;}.gsc_sb_addl{text-align:right;padding:0 8px;color:#777777;min-width:60px;}#gsc_ccl{max-width:862px;margin:21px 0 0 0;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_ccl{margin:16px 0 0 0;}.gsc_art_mm{font-size:24px;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;margin:-10px 0 0 4px;position:relative;top:8px;}.gs_pp_tn,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_tn,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_tn{width:32px;height:32px;}.gs_pp_sm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_sm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_sm{width:56px;height:56px;}.gs_pp_nm,.gs_el_ta .gs_pp_mo_nm,.gs_el_ph .gs_pp_mo_nm{width:128px;height:128px;}#gsc_vcpb{max-width:870px;padding-top:21px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_vcpb{padding:16px 8px;}#gsc_vcpb_btns{padding-bottom:16px;}#gsc_vcpb_btns:empty{display:none;}#gsc_vcpb_btns>button{margin-right:16px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_vcpb_btns>button{margin-right:8px;}#gsc_oci_title_wrapper{font-size:16px;margin:0 0 16px 0;}#gsc_oci_title{font-size:20px;}.gs_el_sm #gsc_oci_title{font-size:18px;}#gsc_oci_title_gg{float:right;padding:0 0 8px 16px;}.gs_el_ph #gsc_oci_title_gg{float:none;text-align:right;padding:0;margin:-4px 0 8px 0;}.gsc_oci_title_ggt{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;}.gsc_oci_title_ggut{font-size:13px;color:#777;padding-bottom:8px;}.gsc_oci_field{float:left;width:100px;text-align:right;color:#777;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_oci_field{float:none;width:auto;text-align:left;margin-bottom:4px;font-size:16px;color:black;}.gsc_oci_value{margin-left:116px;max-width:512px;margin-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gsc_oci_value{margin-left:0;}.gsc_oci_merged_snippet{margin-bottom:1em;}#gsc_oci_graph_wrapper{height:100px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;direction:rtl;}#gsc_oci_graph{position:relative;min-width:100%;}#gsc_oci_graph_x{position:absolute;top:57px;left:0;width:100%;height:13px;border-top:1px solid #777;}.gsc_oci_g_t{position:absolute;top:60px;color:#777;font-size:11px;}#gsc_oci_graph_bars{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:100%;height:100px;}.gsc_oci_g_a{position:absolute;bottom:13px;width:15px;background:#777;}.gsc_oci_g_a:hover{background:#1a0dab;text-decoration:none;}.gsc_oci_g_a:active{background:#d14836;}.gsc_oci_g_al{position:absolute;bottom:15px;left:7px;color:#222;background:white;text-align:center;font-size:11px;min-width:11px;padding:1px;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1px;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;}.gsc_oci_g_a:hover .gsc_oci_g_al{visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.gsc_oci_g_a{transition:all .218s;}.gsc_oci_g_al{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;}.gsc_oci_g_a:hover,.gsc_oci_g_a:hover .gsc_oci_g_al{transition:all 0s;}a.gsc_oci_lbx:link,a.gsc_oci_lbx:visited{white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;background-color:#e5e5e5;color:#777;padding:2px 6px;text-decoration:none;}a.gsc_oci_lbx:hover{color:#e5e5e5;background-color:#777;}a.gsc_oci_lbx:active{color:#d14836;}.gsc_oms_mm{font-size:24px;line-height:16px;display:inline-block;margin:-10px 0 0 4px;position:relative;top:8px;}.gsc_oms_link{white-space:nowrap;margin-right:12px;}.gsc_oms_link:last-child{margin-right:0;}.gs_fsvg line{stroke:#222222}a:link .gs_fsvg{fill:#1a0dab;}a:link .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#1a0dab;}a:visited .gs_fsvg{fill:#660099;}a:visited .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#660099;}a:active .gs_fsvg{fill:#d14836;}a:active .gs_fsvg line{stroke:#d14836;}a .gs_fsvg{border-bottom:1px solid transparent;}a:hover .gs_fsvg,a:focus .gs_fsvg{border-bottom-color:inherit;}.gs_fsml{font-size:13px}.gs_fscp{font-variant:small-caps}.gsh_clim{display:table-row}.gsh_clil,.gsh_clic{display:table-cell;padding-bottom:8px}.gsh_clil{padding-right:8px;}.gsh_lla{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.gsh_lua{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.gsh_llr{list-style-type:lower-roman}.gsh_lur{list-style-type:upper-roman}.gsh_l>li{margin-left:32px;}.gs_fma .gsh_l>li{margin-left:16px;}.gsh_h3{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal}.gsh_h3,.gsh_csp{margin:16px 0}.gsh_h3+.gsh_csp{margin-top:-8px}.gs_fma .gsh_h3{margin:12px 0 0 0;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;}.gs_fma_abs .gsh_csp{margin:0 0 12px 0;}.gs_fma b,.gs_fma .gsh_h3{color:#444;}.gs_fma .gsh_h3+.gsh_csp{margin:4px 0 0 0;}.gs_fma .gsh_csp:last-child,.gs_fma .gsh_h3.gsh_flh{margin:0;}.gs_fma ul .gsh_clim:last-child .gsh_clic{padding-bottom:0;}.gs_fma ul,.gs_fma ol{margin:12px 0;}.gsh_ovln{text-decoration:overline}.gsh_small .gsh_l .gsh_csp{margin:8px 0}.gsh_small .gsh_csp:first-child,.gsh_small .gsh_h3.gsh_flh{margin-top:0}.gsh_small .gsh_csp:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.gsh_dspfr{text-align:center}.gsh_dspfr svg{margin:8px 0}</style><script>!function(GSP){var aa=function(a){var b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}},ba=typeof Object.defineProperties=="function"?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){if(a==Array.prototype||a==Object.prototype)return a;a[b]=c.value;return a},ca=function(a){a=["object"==typeof globalThis&&globalThis,a,"object"==typeof window&&window,"object"==typeof self&&self,"object"==typeof global&&global];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var c=a[b];if(c&&c.Math==Math)return c}throw Error("Cannot find global object"); },da=ca(this),h=function(a,b){if(b)a:{var c=da;a=a.split(".");for(var d=0;d<a.length-1;d++){var e=a[d];if(!(e in c))break a;c=c[e]}a=a[a.length-1];d=c[a];b=b(d);b!=d&&b!=null&&ba(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}}; h("Symbol",function(a){if(a)return a;var b=function(f,g){this.ba=f;ba(this,"description",{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:g})};b.prototype.toString=function(){return this.ba};var c="jscomp_symbol_"+(Math.random()*1E9>>>0)+"_",d=0,e=function(f){if(this instanceof e)throw new TypeError("Symbol is not a constructor");return new b(c+(f||"")+"_"+d++,f)};return e});var ea=typeof Object.create=="function"?Object.create:function(a){var b=function(){};b.prototype=a;return new b},fa; if(typeof Object.setPrototypeOf=="function")fa=Object.setPrototypeOf;else{var ha;a:{var ia={a:!0},ka={};try{ka.__proto__=ia;ha=ka.a;break a}catch(a){}ha=!1}fa=ha?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null} var la=fa,ma=function(a,b){a.prototype=ea(b.prototype);a.prototype.constructor=a;if(la)la(a,b);else for(var c in b)if(c!="prototype")if(Object.defineProperties){var d=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(b,c);d&&Object.defineProperty(a,c,d)}else a[c]=b[c];a.qa=b.prototype};h("Symbol.dispose",function(a){return a?a:Symbol("Symbol.dispose")}); h("Math.trunc",function(a){return a?a:function(b){b=Number(b);if(isNaN(b)||b===Infinity||b===-Infinity||b===0)return b;var c=Math.floor(Math.abs(b));return b<0?-c:c}});var na=function(a){a=Math.trunc(a)||0;a<0&&(a+=this.length);if(!(a<0||a>=this.length))return this[a]};h("Array.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});var n=function(a){return a?a:na};h("Int8Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint8Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint8ClampedArray.prototype.at",n);h("Int16Array.prototype.at",n); h("Uint16Array.prototype.at",n);h("Int32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Uint32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Float32Array.prototype.at",n);h("Float64Array.prototype.at",n);h("String.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:na});/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ var oa=function(a,b){var c=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return function(){var d=c.slice();d.push.apply(d,arguments);return a.apply(this,d)}};var t=function(){this.C=this.C;this.H=this.H};t.prototype.C=!1;t.prototype.isDisposed=function(){return this.C};t.prototype.dispose=function(){this.C||(this.C=!0,this.K())};t.prototype[Symbol.dispose]=function(){this.dispose()};t.prototype.K=function(){if(this.H)for(;this.H.length;)this.H.shift()()};var pa=function(){};function u(a,b){a.classList.add(b)}function v(a,b){a.classList.remove(b)}function w(a,b){return a.classList?a.classList.contains(b):!1}function x(a,b,c){c=c!==void 0?c:!w(a,b);(c?u:v)(a,b)};function z(a){return(navigator.userAgent||"").indexOf(a)>=0}var qa=z("iPhone")||z("iPad")||z("iPod"),ra=z("iPhone")||z("Android")&&z("Mobile");function sa(){if(b===void 0){var a=window.screen;a={width:window.innerWidth,height:window.innerHeight,pa:a.width,oa:a.height}}else a=b;var b=a;a=b.width;var c=b.height,d=b.pa;b=b.oa;var e=4;if(a<600||d*b<48E4||ra)e=1;else if(a<982)e=2;else if(a<1136||c<590)e=3;return e}var ta,ua=/[?&]tc=([01])/.exec(location.search||""); ta=ua?+ua[1]>0:z("Android")?!0:window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(pointer)").matches?window.matchMedia("(pointer:coarse)").matches:!z("Firefox")||z("Mobile")||z("Tablet")?qa||"ontouchstart"in window||(navigator.msMaxTouchPoints||0)>0:!1;function va(){if(wa==void 0){wa=!1;try{var a=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){wa=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",pa,a);window.removeEventListener("testPassive",pa,a)}catch(b){}}return wa}var wa;var xa=new function(){this.aa="INPUT"};function D(a){return document.getElementById(a)}function E(a){return a.id||(a.id="gs_id"+ya++)}function za(a){a=(a===void 0?null:a)||document.body;return(a?window.getComputedStyle(a,null):null).direction=="rtl"}function Aa(a){var b=[];a=a.elements;for(var c=a.length,d=0;d<c;d++){var e=a[d],f=encodeURIComponent(e.name||""),g=e.type;!f||e.disabled||!(g!="checkbox"&&g!="radio"||e.checked)||b.push(f+"="+encodeURIComponent(e.value||""))}return b.join("&")} function Ba(a,b){var c=a.elements[b];c||(c=document.createElement(xa.aa),c.type="hidden",c.name=b,a.appendChild(c));return c}var ya=100,Ca=/\S+/g,Da=/^(?:https?:|[^:/?#]*(?:[/?#]|$))/i,Ea=/^(?:#|\/[a-z0-9_-]*(?:[?].*)?$)/i;function F(a){return a.hasOwnProperty("gs_uid")?a.gs_uid:a.gs_uid=++Ga}var Ga=0;var G=function(){this.o=[];this.F={};this.S=this.I=0};G.prototype.add=function(a){var b=F(a);this.F[b]||(this.o.push(a),this.F[b]=this.o.length,++this.I)};G.prototype.remove=function(a){a=F(a);var b=this.F[a];b&&(this.o[b-1]=null,delete this.F[a],--this.I*2<this.o.length&&!this.S&&Ha(this))};G.prototype.notify=function(a){var b=this.o;try{++this.S;for(var c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=b[c];d&&d.apply(null,arguments)}}finally{!--this.S&&this.I*2<b.length&&Ha(this)}};G.prototype.getSize=function(){return this.I}; var Ha=function(a){var b=a.o,c=b.length;a=a.F;for(var d=0,e=0;e<c;e++){var f=b[e];f&&(b[d]=f,a[F(f)]=++d)}b.length=d};function H(a,b,c,d,e){Ia(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,e===void 0?!1:e,Ja)}function I(a,b,c,d){Ia(a,b,c,d===void 0?!1:d,!1,Ka)}function La(a,b,c,d){function e(g){I(f,a,e,c);b(g)}var f=document;c=c===void 0?!1:c;H(f,a,e,c,d===void 0?!1:d)}function Ma(a){Na?Na.add(a):a()}var Oa=window.requestAnimationFrame?function(a){window.requestAnimationFrame(a)}:function(a){setTimeout(function(){return a(window.performance&&performance.now?performance.now():Date.now())},33)}; function Pa(a){a.stopPropagation();a.preventDefault()}function Qa(a){return(a.ctrlKey?1:0)|(a.altKey?2:0)|(a.metaKey?4:0)|(a.shiftKey?8:0)}function Ja(a,b,c,d,e){var f=a.addEventListener;e=e&&va();f.call(a,b,c,e?{passive:e,capture:d}:d)}function Ka(a,b,c,d){a.removeEventListener(b,c,d)}function Ia(a,b,c,d,e,f){if(typeof b==="string")f(a,b,c,d,e);else for(var g=b.length,m=0;m<g;m++)f(a,b[m],c,d,e)}function Ra(){Na.notify();Na=null} function Sa(){document.readyState=="complete"&&(I(document,"readystatechange",Sa),Ra())}var Na,Ta=!!document.attachEvent,Ua=document.readyState;if(Ta?Ua!="complete":Ua=="loading")Na=new G,Ta?H(document,"readystatechange",Sa):La("DOMContentLoaded",Ra);function Va(){La(["mousedown","touchstart"],function(){x(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!0);H(document,"keydown",Wa,!0)},!0,!0)}function Wa(a){a.keyCode==9&&(x(document.documentElement,"gs_pfcs",!1),I(document,"keydown",Wa,!0),Va())}Va();function Xa(a,b,c,d,e){var f=D(a);Ya(f,function(){u(f,"gs_vis");b&&b()},function(){v(f,"gs_vis");c&&c()},d,e)}function Za(a){a=J[a]||[0];return a[a.length-1]} function Ya(a,b,c,d,e,f){f=f===void 0?"":f;var g=E(a),m=Za(g);if(!m||m<Za(f)){var k=document.activeElement;f=D(f);$a(ab(f||a),!0);b&&b();K.push(function(l){J[g].pop();J[g].length||delete J[g];if(!l){(l=e)||k==document.body||(l=k);var p=document.activeElement;if(l)try{l.focus()}catch(A){}else p&&a.contains(p)&&p.blur()}c&&c()});J[g]||(J[g]=[]);J[g].push(K.length);k&&a.contains(k)||setTimeout(function(){var l=d,p=l&&l.type=="text";if(!l||p&&ta)l=a;try{l.focus(),p&&(l.value=l.value)}catch(A){}},0)}} function L(a){$a((Za(a)||1E6)-1,!1)}function bb(a){a=a===void 0?!1:a;K.pop()(a)}function $a(a,b){for(b=b===void 0?!1:b;K.length>a;)bb(b||K.length>a+1)}function ab(a){for(var b=0;a&&!(b=Za(a.id));)a=a.parentNode;return b}var K=[],J={};H(document,"click",function(a){var b=K.length;b&&!Qa(a)&&b>ab(a.target)&&bb(!0)});H(document,"keydown",function(a){a.keyCode==27&&!Qa(a)&&K.length&&bb()}); H(document,"focus",function(a){var b=K.length;if(b)for(var c=ab(a.target);c<b;){var d="",e;for(e in J)if(Za(e)==b){d=e;break}a:{d=(D(d).getAttribute("data-wfc")||"").match(Ca)||[];for(var f=0;f<d.length;f++){var g=D(d[f]);if(g&&g.offsetWidth){d=g;break a}}d=void 0}if(d){Pa(a);d.focus();break}else bb(!0),--b}},!0);var cb={},db={},eb;try{eb=window.sessionStorage}catch(a){};function M(a){return typeof a=="object"?a:null}function fb(){var a=gb(),b=hb();b=ib(b);a=jb(a);a=kb(a)||"#";N=M(b);lb?window.history.replaceState(b,"",a):window.location.replace(a)}function kb(a){var b=[],c;for(c in a)b.push(encodeURIComponent(c)+"="+encodeURIComponent(a[c]));return(a=b.sort().join("&"))?"#"+a:""} function mb(a){var b={};a=a.split("&");for(var c=0;c<a.length;c++){var d=a[c],e=d.indexOf("=");if(e+1){var f=d.substr(0,e);d=d.substr(e+1)}else f=d,d="";f&&(b[decodeURIComponent(f)]=decodeURIComponent(d))}return b}function nb(){var a=window.location.hash,b=a.indexOf("#")+1;return mb(b?a.substr(b):"")}function ob(a,b){for(var c in b){var d=b[c];d!==void 0?a[c]=d:delete a[c]}}function jb(a){var b=nb();ob(b,a);return b} function ib(a){var b=N||M(window.history.state),c={},d;for(d in b)c[d]=b[d];ob(c,a);return c}function pb(){setTimeout(function(){if(!qb){var a=window.history.state;qb=!0;N=M(a);rb.notify()}sb=!1},0)}var rb=new G,N,qb=!1,sb=!0,lb="pushState"in window.history,tb; if(typeof GSP=="undefined")tb=!1;else{var ub=.001*Date.now(),vb=GSP.eventId,wb=!1,O,xb=eb;if(!("nh"in cb)){var yb=xb&&xb.getItem("nh"),zb;if(yb)try{zb=JSON.parse(yb)}catch(a){}db.nh=zb}O=db.nh;O instanceof Array||(O=[]);for(var Ab=O.length,Bb=0,Cb=0;Cb<Ab;Cb++){var Db=O[Cb];if(Db instanceof Array&&Db.length==2){var Eb=Db[1]==vb;wb=wb||Eb;Ab-Cb<=10&&+Db[0]>ub-86400&&!Eb&&(O[Bb++]=Db)}}O.length=Bb;O.push([ub,vb]);var Fb=O,Gb=eb;db.nh=Fb;try{Gb&&Gb.setItem("nh",JSON.stringify(Fb))}catch(a){}tb=wb} var Hb=tb;"onpageshow"in window?H(window,"pageshow",pb):Ma(pb);H(window,lb?"popstate":"hashchange",function(a){document.readyState!="loading"&&(a=a.state,qb=!0,N=M(a),rb.notify())});function Ib(){Jb&&(I(D("gs_alrt_l"),"click",Jb),Jb=void 0)}function Kb(){var a=Lb();u(a,"gs_anm");u(a,"gs_vis");H(document,"click",Mb);clearTimeout(Nb);Nb=setTimeout(Mb,4E3);++Ob;setTimeout(Pb,0)}function Mb(){Ob||(I(document,"click",Mb),clearTimeout(Nb),Nb=void 0,Ib(),v(Lb(),"gs_vis"))}function Lb(){return D("gs_alrt")}function Pb(){Ob=0}var Nb,Ob=0,Jb;Ma(function(){var a=D("gs_alrt_m");a&&(a.innerHTML&&!Hb&&Kb(),H(window,"pagehide",function(){Ob=0;Mb();v(Lb(),"gs_anm")}))});function Qb(a,b,c){var d=new XMLHttpRequest;d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(d.readyState==4){var e=d.status,f=d.responseText,g=d.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"),m=d.responseURL,k=window.location,l=k.protocol;k="//"+k.host+"/";m&&m.indexOf(l+k)&&m.indexOf("https:"+k)&&(e=0,g=f="");c(e,f,g||"")}};d.open(b?"POST":"GET",a,!0);d.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XHR");b&&d.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");b?d.send(b):d.send();return d} function Rb(a){a&&(a.onreadystatechange=function(){},a.abort())};var Sb=function(a,b,c){this.type=a;this.currentTarget=this.target=b;this.i=c===void 0?null:c;this.U=!1};Sb.prototype.stopPropagation=function(){this.i&&this.i.stopPropagation();this.U=!0};var P=function(a){a.i&&Pa(a.i);a.U=!0};var Q=function(a,b){this.V=a;this.na=b},Tb=function(a,b,c){this.V=a;this.types=b;this.listener=c};function Ub(a,b){var c=b.length;if(c){var d=F(a),e=Vb[d];if(!e){e=Vb[d]=[];d=Wb(b[0].V);for(var f in d){var g=Xb[f];g||(g=Xb[f]=Object.create(null));for(var m in d[f]){var k=g[m];k||(k=g[m]=[]);k.push(a)}}Yb(a,e,b[0],Zb);for(f=1;f<c;f++)Yb(a,e,b[f],$b)}}}function S(a,b,c){ac(new Sb(a,b,c===void 0?null:c))} function T(a,b,c){var d=bc;typeof b==="string"&&(cc[0]=b,b=cc);var e=b.length;a=Wb(a);for(var f in a)for(var g in a[f])for(var m=0;m<e;m++)d(f,g,b[m],c)}function Wb(a){typeof a==="string"&&(dc[0]=a,a=dc);for(var b=a.length,c=Object.create(null),d=0;d<b;d++){var e=a[d],f=e.charAt(0),g=e.substr(1);if(f!="#"&&f!="."||!g)throw Error("bad selector: "+e);(e=c[f])||(e=c[f]=Object.create(null));e[g]=!0}return c} function bc(a,b,c,d){var e=ec[c];e||(c!="touchstart"&&c!="mouseover"&&c!="mouseout"&&H(document,c,fc,c=="focus"||c=="blur"),e=ec[c]=Object.create(null));(c=e[a])||(c=e[a]=Object.create(null));(a=c[b])||(a=c[b]=new G);a.add(d)}function fc(a){var b=a.target;b&&b.nodeType==3&&(b=b.parentNode);ac(new Sb(a.type,b,a))} function ac(a){for(var b=a.target;b&&b!=document&&!b.disabled&&!w(b,"gs_dis");){a.currentTarget=b;var c=b.id;if(c&&!gc("#",c,a))break;c=b.classList||[];for(var d=c.length,e=0;e<d;e++)if(!gc(".",c[e],a))return;b=b.parentNode}}function gc(a,b,c){var d=ec[c.type];(b=(a=d&&d[a])&&a[b])&&b.notify(c);return!c.U}function Yb(a,b,c,d){var e=c.V;c=c.na;for(var f in c){var g=oa(d,a,c[f]);T(e,f,g);b.push(new Tb(e,f,g))}}function Zb(a,b,c){var d=c.currentTarget;a=hc(a,d)||a;a=ic(a,d);b.call(a,c)} function $b(a,b,c){a:{for(var d=c.currentTarget;d&&d!=document;){var e=hc(a,d);if(e){a=ic(e,d);break a}d=d.parentNode}a=void 0}a&&b.call(a,c)}function ic(a,b){var c=jc(b),d=kc[c];d||(d=kc[c]=[]);for(var e=d.length,f=0;f<e;f++){var g=d[f];if(g instanceof a)return g}b=new a(b);d.push(b);a=F(a);(d=lc[a])||(d=lc[a]=[]);d.push(c);return b}function hc(a,b){var c,d=b.id;d&&(c=mc(a,c,"#",d));b=b.classList||[];d=b.length;for(var e=0;e<d;e++)c=mc(a,c,".",b[e]);return c} function mc(a,b,c,d){c=(d=(c=Xb[c])&&c[d])?d.length:0;for(var e=0;e<c;e++){var f=d[e];!(f===a||f.prototype instanceof a)||b&&!(f===b||f.prototype instanceof b)||(b=f)}return b}function jc(a){var b=a.getAttribute("data-duid");b||a.setAttribute("data-duid",b=""+nc++);return b}var ec=Object.create(null),dc=[""],cc=[""],Xb=Object.create(null),Vb=Object.create(null),lc=Object.create(null),kc=Object.create(null),nc=100;window.gs_evt_dsp=fc;function oc(){var a=".gs_md_li";if(typeof a==="string"){var b=a.charAt(0),c=a.slice(1);if(b=="#")a=function(d){return d.id==c&&d.offsetWidth>0};else if(b==".")a=function(d){return w(d,c)&&d.offsetWidth>0};else throw Error("bad selector: "+a);}return a}function pc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.lastElementChild:a.firstElementChild)}function qc(a,b){return a&&((b===void 0?0:b)?a.previousElementSibling:a.nextElementSibling)}function rc(a,b,c){c=c===void 0?!1:c;return sc(a,b,oc(),c,!1)} function sc(a,b,c,d,e){for(var f;b&&a;){if(c(b)){if(e)return b}else for(f=pc(b,d);f;f=qc(f,d))if(e=sc(f,f,c,d,!0))return e;for(e=!0;;){if(b==a)return null;f=b.parentNode;if(b=qc(b,d))break;b=f}}return null};var tc=["false","true","mixed"];var U=function(){this.D=Object.create(null)};U.prototype.clear=function(){this.D=Object.create(null)};U.prototype.has=function(a){return a in this.D};U.prototype.get=function(a){return this.D[a]};U.prototype.set=function(a,b){this.has(a);this.D[a]=b};U.prototype.delete=function(a){this.has(a)&&delete this.D[a]};var uc=function(a){var b=window,c=this;this.o=new G;this.Y=0;this.W=[b,a,function(){c.Y++||Oa(d)},!1];var d=function(){c.Y=0;c.o.notify()}};uc.prototype.addListener=function(a){this.o.getSize()||H.apply(null,this.W);this.o.add(a)};uc.prototype.removeListener=function(a){this.o.remove(a);this.o.getSize()||I.apply(null,this.W)};var vc=new uc("scroll"),wc=new uc("resize");var xc=new G;function yc(){var a=document.documentElement,b=sa();b={gs_el_ph:b==1,gs_el_ta:b==2,gs_el_sm:b!=4,gs_el_tc:ta||b==1};var c;for(c in b){var d=b[c];if(w(a,c)!=d){var e=!0;x(a,c,d)}}e&&xc.notify()}x(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ios",qa);yc();wc.addListener(yc);H(window,["pageshow","load"],yc);var zc=function(a,b,c,d,e,f){this.g=a;this.B=b;this.v=c;this.A=d;this.T=e;this.s=f;this.m=null},Ac=function(a,b){a.m=b},Bc=function(){this.l=[];this.j=-1};Bc.prototype.push=function(a){++this.j;this.j==this.l.length?this.l.push(a):(this.l[this.j]=a,this.l.splice(this.j+1,this.l.length-this.j))};Bc.prototype.pop=function(){--this.j};var Ec=function(a){for(var b=W;b.j>a;)L(b.top().g)},Fc=function(a,b){for(var c=0;c<a.l.length&&!(a.l[c].s>=b);++c);return c};Bc.prototype.top=function(){return this.at(this.j)}; Bc.prototype.at=function(a){return this.l[a]||null};function Gc(a,b){var c=a==W.j;W.j=a;b&&!N&&!M(window.history.state)&&fb();c||Hc()}function Ic(a,b){b=b===void 0?"":b;var c=c===void 0?"":c;var d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=W.top();e&&a==e.g&&b==e.B&&c==e.v||(W.push(new zc(a,b,c,d,e&&e.g==a?e.T+1:1,Date.now())),b=gb(),a=hb(),a=ib(a),b=jb(b),b=kb(b)||"#",N=M(a),lb?window.history.pushState(a,"",b):window.location.assign(b),Hc())} function Jc(a){a=Kc(D(a));return!!a&&w(a,"gs_md_wmw")&&w(document.documentElement,"gs_el_ph")}function Lc(){var a=D("gs_top"),b=document.documentElement;a=a.scrollHeight>b.clientHeight;for(var c=!1,d=0;d<=W.j&&!c;++d)c=!Jc(W.at(d).g);x(D("gs_md_s"),"gs_vis",c);c=W.j;c>=1&&(c=W.at(c-1).g,d=Jc(c),x(D(c),"gs_md_ins_vis",!d));b.style.overflowY=a&&!Jc(W.top().g)?"scroll":""} function Hc(){function a(){var y=c.clientHeight,q=+B.getAttribute("data-h");q||(g.style.maxHeight="none",q=f.offsetHeight);var r=f.querySelector(".gs_md_ftr");q=Math.max((y-q)/2,10);y=Math.max(y-48-(r?r.offsetHeight:0)-2*q,10);r=Jc(e);f.style.top=r?"auto":q+"px";g.style.maxHeight=r?"none":y+"px";Mc(g)}var b=W.top(),c=document.documentElement,d=D("gs_top"),e=b.g,f=D(e),g=D(e+"-bdy"),m=1200+W.j,k=D(f.getAttribute("data-cid")||f.id+"-bdy")||f,l=b.A,p=b.v,A=b.B,C=D("gs_md_s"),V=D(e).getAttribute("data-shd")|| "",B=Kc(f),R=window.pageYOffset,Cc=A&&A[0]!="#"&&!l,Dc=W.j>0?W.at(W.j-1).g:"",ja=!!J[e];Cc?(ja?x(k,"gs_md_ldg",!0):Nc(f,k,'<div class="gs_md_prg">'+D("gs_md_ldg").innerHTML+"</div>",b),S("gs-md-ldin",k)):(l&&Nc(f,k,l,b),S("gs-md-lded",k));ja&&e==Dc||Ya(f,function(){(B||f).style.zIndex=m;Oc(V);if(!ja){B&&u(B,"gs_vis");u(f,"gs_vis");x(f,"gs_abt",sb);x(C,"gs_abt",sb);Pc(e);if(W.j==0){var y=Lc;xc.add(y);y()}else Lc();B&&g&&(a(),wc.addListener(a))}W.j==0&&(u(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top=-R+"px")},function(){ja|| (wc.removeListener(a),B&&v(B,"gs_vis"),v(f,"gs_vis"),v(f,"gs_abt"));for(var y=W.top()?W.top().T:0;W.top()&&W.top().g==e;){var q=W.top();Rb(q.m);q.m=null;W.pop()}if(W.top()){if(q=W.top().g,Oc(D(q).getAttribute("data-shd")||""),v(D(q),"gs_md_ins_vis"),ja){a:{q=W;for(var r=q.j;r>=0;r--)if(q.l[r].g==e){q=r;break a}q=-1}r=W.at(q);(B||f).style.zIndex=1200+q;Nc(f,k,r.A,r)}}else v(C,"gs_vis"),v(C,"gs_abt");W.j==-1?(xc.remove(Lc),c.style.overflowY="",v(d,"gs_nscl"),d.style.top="auto",window.scrollTo(0,R)): Lc();Qc||(y>0?window.history.go(-y):fb())},Rc(f),Sc(f),Dc);Cc&&(Rb(b.m),b.m=null,Ac(b,Qb(A,p,function(y,q,r){b.m=null;r=(y=y==200&&r.match(/^text\/html(;.*)?$/i))?q:Tc();Nc(f,k,r,b);if(y)for(y=e,r=0;r<W.l.length;++r){var Fa=W.at(r);y==Fa.g&&A==Fa.B&&p==Fa.v&&(Fa.A=q,r==W.j&&fb())}S("gs-md-lded",k)})))}function Kc(a){a=a.parentNode;return w(a,"gs_md_wnw")?a:null}function Rc(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-ifc"))?D(a):null}function Sc(a){return(a=a.getAttribute("data-cfc"))?D(a):null} function Nc(a,b,c,d){x(b,"gs_md_ldg",!1);for(var e=b.querySelectorAll("[data-duid]"),f=e.length,g={},m=0;m<f;m++){for(var k=jc(e[m]),l=kc[k],p=l?l.length:0,A=0;A<p;A++){var C=l[A],V=F(C.constructor),B=g[V];B||(B=g[V]={});B[k]=!0;C&&typeof C.dispose=="function"&&C.dispose()}delete kc[k]}for(var R in g){R=+R;e=g[R];m=(f=lc[R])?f.length:0;for(l=k=0;l<m;l++)p=f[l],p in e||(f[k++]=p);k?f.length=k:delete lc[R]}b.innerHTML=c;d.A=c;Pc(a.id);Rb(d.m);d.m=null} function Pc(a){if(a=document.querySelector("#"+a+">.gs_md_bdy"))a.scrollTop=a.scrollLeft=0,Mc(a)}function Mc(a){var b=a.style,c="padding"+(za(a)?"Left":"Right");b[c]="";var d=a.offsetWidth-a.clientWidth;d>2&&(a=parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(a,null)[c],10)||0,b[c]=Math.max(a-d,0)+"px")}function Tc(){return'<div class="gs_md_prg"><div class="gs_alrt">'+D("gs_md_err").innerHTML+"</div></div>"} function gb(){var a=W.top();return{d:a&&a.g||void 0,u:a&&a.B||void 0,p:a&&a.v?"1":void 0,t:a&&a.s||void 0}}function hb(){var a=W.top();return{n:a&&a.T||0,p:a&&a.v||"",h:a&&a.A||""}}function Oc(a){if(Uc!=a){var b=D("gs_md_s");Uc&&v(b,Uc);(Uc=a)&&u(b,a)}}var Qc=0,Uc="",W=new Bc; rb.add(function(){var a=nb(),b=a.d||"",c=b?D(b):null;++Qc;if(c){var d=a.u||"";c=+a.p>0;var e=+a.t||0,f=N||M(window.history.state)||{};a=+f.n||0;var g=""+(f.p||"");f=""+(f.h||"");d.match(Ea)||(d="");for(var m=Fc(W,e),k=m;k<W.l.length;++k){var l=W.at(k);if(e<l.s&&l.g!=b)break}for(l=m-1;l>=0;--l){var p=W.at(l);if(e>p.s&&p.g!=b)break}Ec(k-1);for(k=0;k<=l;++k)p=W.at(k).g,J[p]||Gc(l,!1);if(l=m<W.l.length)l=W.at(m),l=b==l.g&&d==l.B&&c==!!l.v&&e==l.s;l?Gc(m,!0):(a==0&&(Ec(-1),W=new Bc,e=Date.now()),c!=!!g&& (d=g="",f=Tc()),b=new zc(b,d,g,f,a,e),c=W,e=b.s,a=Fc(c,e),e=a<c.l.length&&e==c.at(a).s,c.l.splice(a,e?1:0,b),W.j=a,fb(),Hc())}else Ec(-1);--Qc});var Vc=function(a){t.call(this);this.G=a;this.R=Object.create(null);this.m=null;a=a.querySelectorAll(".gs_in_txtw>input[type=text]");for(var b=a.length;b--;){var c=a[b],d=c.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");c=c.name;d&&c&&(this.R[c]=d.innerHTML)}};ma(Vc,t);Vc.prototype.K=function(){Rb(this.m);this.G=this.m=null;t.prototype.K.call(this)}; Vc.prototype.ja=function(a){var b=this;P(a);if((a=this.G)&&!this.m){var c="json=&"+Aa(a);Wc(this,!0);this.m=Qb(a.action,c,function(d,e){b.m=null;Wc(b,!1);var f=b.G,g=f.getAttribute("data-alrt");if(g=g?D(g):null)g.innerHTML="";try{var m=d==200&&JSON.parse(e)}catch(B){}d=!1;m&&typeof m=="object"||(Xc(g,D("gs_md_err").innerHTML),m={},d=!0);f.setAttribute("data-p",""+(m.P||""));S("gs-ajax-form-done",f);if(e=m.L){var k=""+e;k.match(Da)&&(window.location.href=k)}else{if(e=m.M)Xc(g,e),d=!0;e=1E6;g&&g.innerHTML&& (k=g,e=g.getBoundingClientRect().top);g=f.elements;m=m.E;typeof m=="object"||(m=Object.create(null));for(var l in b.R){var p=g[l],A=void 0,C=""+(m[l]||""),V=p.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");x(p.parentNode,"gs_in_txte",!!C);V&&(V.innerHTML=C||b.R[l]||"");C&&(A=p.getBoundingClientRect().top)<e&&(k=p,e=A);d=d||!!C}(f=f.getAttribute("data-d"))&&!d&&L(f);k&&k.scrollIntoView&&(e<0||e+20>window.innerHeight)&&k.scrollIntoView()}})}}; var Wc=function(a,b){a=a.G;var c=a.getAttribute("data-bsel");a=c?document.querySelectorAll(c):a.querySelectorAll("button");for(c=a.length;c--;){var d=a[c];d.disabled=b;x(d,"gs_bsp",b)}},Xc=function(a,b){if(a)a.innerHTML=b;else{var c=c===void 0?"":c;var d=d===void 0?"":d;var e=e===void 0?[]:e;D("gs_alrt_m").innerHTML=b;Lb().action=d.match(Da)?d:"";a=D("gs_alrt_l");a.textContent=c;c=D("gs_alrt_h");c.innerHTML="";for(var f in e)b=document.createElement(xa.aa),b.type="hidden",b.name=f,b.value=e[f],c.appendChild(b); Ib();x(a,"gs_fm_s",!0);Kb()}};Ub(Vc,[new Q(".gs_ajax_frm",{submit:Vc.prototype.ja})]);var Yc=[[1,0,1],[2,0,1]];T(".gs_cb_gen","click",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=(w(b,"gs_sel")?1:0)+2*(w(b,"gs_par")?1:0),d=+b.getAttribute("data-s")==2;c=Yc[+d][c];d=!0;d=d===void 0?!1:d;x(b,"gs_sel",c==1);x(b,"gs_par",c==2);b.setAttribute("aria-checked",tc[c]);d||b.setAttribute("data-s",""+c);S("gs-change",b,a.i)});T(".gs_cb_gen",["keydown","keyup"],function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.i.keyCode;b.tagName!="BUTTON"||c!=13&&c!=32||(P(a),a.type=="keydown"&&b.click())});T([".gs_cb_gen",".gs_md_li"],"keydown",function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=b.tagName,d=a.i.keyCode;c!="BUTTON"&&(d==32||d==13&&c!="A")&&(P(a),b.click())});var Zc=["click","contextmenu","mouseup"].concat(navigator.sendBeacon?[]:["mousedown","touchstart"]),$c="",ad=null;function bd(){ad=null}function cd(a){navigator.sendBeacon?navigator.sendBeacon(a):ad&&a==ad.src||((ad=new Image).src=a,setTimeout(bd,1E3))} function dd(){var a=document.location.href,b=a.indexOf("?")+1;a=b?a.substr(b):"";b=a.indexOf("#");a=mb(b+1?a.substr(0,b):a).hl||"";a="/scholar_bfnav?url="+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href)+"&hl="+encodeURIComponent(a)+"&ei="+GSP.eventId;cd(a)}Ma(function(){$c=Hb?"&bn=1":"";Hb&&dd()});H(window,"pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&($c="&bn=1",dd())}); H(document,Zc,function(a){if(!(a.type=="click"&&a.button||a.type=="mouseup"&&a.button!=1)){var b,c;a:{for(a=a.target;a;){var d=a.nodeName;if(d=="A")break a;if(d=="SPAN"||d=="B"||d=="I"||d=="EM"||d=="IMG")a=a.parentNode;else break}a=null}a&&(b=a.getAttribute("href"))&&(c=a.getAttribute("data-clk"))&&(b="/scholar_url?url="+encodeURIComponent(b)+"&"+c+"&ws="+window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight+"&at=",c=encodeURIComponent,a=(a=a.getAttribute("data-clk-atid"))?D(a):null,b=b+c(a&&a.innerText||"")+ $c,cd(b))}},!1,!0);T(".gs_fm_s","click",function(a){a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-fm")||"";(a=D(a))&&a.submit()});var X=function(a){this.g=E(a.querySelector(".gs_md_d"));this.J=E(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb"))};X.prototype.N=function(a){var b=D(this.g);return a!==void 0?rc(b,b,a):null};X.prototype.open=function(a){a=this.N(a);if(w(D(this.J),"gs_sel"))try{a&&a.focus()}catch(c){}else{var b=D(this.J);Xa(this.g,function(){u(b,"gs_sel")},function(){v(b,"gs_sel")},a,b)}};X.prototype.close=function(){L(this.g)};X.prototype.ca=function(a){P(a);w(D(this.J),"gs_sel")?this.close():this.open(a.i.type=="keydown"?!1:void 0)}; X.prototype.X=function(a){var b=a.i.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40)P(a),this.open(b==38)};X.prototype.ea=function(a){a.target.id==this.g&&this.X(a)};Ub(X,[new Q(".gs_md_rmb",{}),new Q(".gs_md_tb",{"gs-press":X.prototype.ca,keydown:X.prototype.X}),new Q(".gs_md_d",{keydown:X.prototype.ea})]);var Y=function(a){X.call(this,a);this.la=E(a.querySelector(".gs_md_in"));this.ma=E(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb .gs_lbl"))};ma(Y,X);Y.prototype.N=function(){return D(this.g).querySelector(".gs_md_li[aria-selected]")};Y.prototype.fa=function(a){ed(this,a)};Y.prototype.O=function(a){var b=a.i.keyCode;b!=13&&b!=32||ed(this,a)}; var ed=function(a,b){var c=b.currentTarget,d=D(a.la),e=a.N();c!=e&&(d.value=c.getAttribute("data-v"),D(a.ma).innerHTML=c.innerHTML,e&&fd(e,!1),fd(c,!0));P(b);a.close();S("gs-change",d,b.i)},fd=function(a,b){x(a,"gs_sel",b);b?a.setAttribute("aria-selected","true"):a.removeAttribute("aria-selected")};Ub(Y,[new Q(".gs_md_ris",{}),new Q(".gs_md_li",{click:Y.prototype.fa,keydown:Y.prototype.O})]);T("#gs_lp","click",function(a){P(a);Ic("gs_lp_d")});T("#gs_lp_cur","click",function(a){P(a);L("gs_lp_d")});var gd=function(a){this.Z=E(a)};gd.prototype.O=function(a){var b=a.currentTarget,c=a.i.keyCode;if(c==38||c==40){var d=D(this.Z);d=rc(d,b,c==38)||rc(d,d,c==38)}else if(c==37||c==39)a:{c=c==37!=za(b.parentNode);d=b.parentNode;var e=d.children,f=e.length;if(d.id!=this.Z){for(;e[--f]!=b;);d=qc(d,c)||pc(d.parentNode,c);e=d.children;if(f=Math.min(f+1,e.length))if(d=e[f-1],w(d,"gs_md_li")&&d.offsetLeft!=b.offsetLeft)break a}d=void 0}d&&(P(a),d.focus())};Ub(gd,[new Q(".gs_md_ulr",{}),new Q(".gs_md_li",{keydown:gd.prototype.O})]);T("#gs_hdr_mnu","click",function(a){P(a);Ic("gs_hdr_drw")});T("#gs_hdr_drw_mnu","click",function(a){P(a);L("gs_hdr_drw")});T("#gs_hdr_act_i","click",function(a){P(a);sa()==1?(a=document.querySelector("#gs_hdr_drw_bot>a").href,a.match(Da)&&(window.location.href=a)):Xa("gs_hdr_act_d")});T("#gs_hdr_drw","keydown",function(a){var b=a.i.keyCode;if(b==38||b==40){var c=a.currentTarget;if(b=rc(c,c,b==38))P(a),b.focus()}}); T("#gs_hdr_tsi",["focus","blur"],function(a){function b(){var g=d.getBoundingClientRect().top-10;Math.abs(g)>10&&window.scrollBy(0,g);clearTimeout(e);c()}function c(){I(window,f,b)}var d=a.target;a=a.type=="focus";x(D("gs_hdr"),"gs_hdr_ifc",a);if(a&&ta&&!(window.innerHeight>749)){var e=setTimeout(c,1E3),f=["scroll","resize"];H(window,f,b)}});T("#gs_hdr_tsi",["input","gs-change"],function(a){x(D("gs_hdr_frm"),"gs_hdr_tsc",!!a.currentTarget.value)}); T("#gs_hdr_tsc","mousedown",function(a){P(a);var b=D("gs_hdr_tsi");b.value="";b.focus();S("input",b,a.i)});T("#gs_hdr_sre","click",function(a){P(a);var b=D("gs_hdr");Xa("gs_hdr_frm",function(){v(b,"gs_hdr_src");u(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},function(){u(b,"gs_hdr_src");v(b,"gs_hdr_srx")},D("gs_hdr_tsi"))});T(".gs_md_x","click",function(a){(a=a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-mdx"))&&L(a)});var Z=function(){},hd,id;Z.prototype.da=function(a){a.i.button||(P(a),jd(a))};Z.prototype.ga=function(a){kd(a)&&(P(a),jd(a))};Z.prototype.ha=function(a){kd(a)&&P(a)};Z.prototype.ia=function(a){if(!a.i.button){P(a);var b=a.i;b&&(ld=b.clientX||0,md=b.clientY||0,H(document,nd,od,!0),clearTimeout(hd),hd=setTimeout(pd,2E3));jd(a)}}; Z.prototype.ka=function(a){P(a);if(qd){var b=a.i;b=b&&b.touches||[];if(b=b.length==1?b[0]:null)rd=b.clientX,sd=b.clientY,H(document,td,ud,!0),clearTimeout(id),id=setTimeout(vd,2E3)}jd(a)}; var kd=function(a){a=a.i.keyCode;return a==32||a==13},jd=function(a){S("gs-press",a.currentTarget,a.i)},pd=function(){I(document,nd,od,!0);clearTimeout(hd);hd=void 0},od=function(a){a.type!="mousedown"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-ld)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-md)<10?(Pa(a),a.type=="click"&&pd()):pd()},vd=function(){I(document,td,ud,!0);clearTimeout(id);id=void 0},ud=function(a){a.type!="touchstart"&&Math.abs(a.clientX-rd)<10&&Math.abs(a.clientY-sd)<10?(Pa(a),a.type=="click"&&vd()):vd()},ld=0,md=0,nd=["mousedown", "mouseup","click"],qd=z("Android")&&!z("Chrome"),rd=0,sd=0,td=["touchstart","mousedown","mouseup","click"];Ub(Z,[new Q(".gs_press",{click:Z.prototype.da,keydown:Z.prototype.ga,keyup:Z.prototype.ha,mousedown:Z.prototype.ia,touchstart:Z.prototype.ka})]);function wd(a){xd.style.left=yd&&zd===Ad?a.left+"px":"auto";xd.style.width=yd?a.width+"px":"auto";S("gs-sth-change",D("gs_sth"))}function Bd(){var a=Cd.getBoundingClientRect(),b=a.top,c=xd.offsetHeight,d=b<0,e;if(e=d&&qa)e=document.activeElement,e=!!e&&e.tagName=="INPUT"&&e.type=="text";b=e?-b-a.height:Ad;var f=yd!=d||zd!==Ad!=e;b!==zd&&(zd=b,xd.style.transform=b===Ad?"none":"translate3d(0,"+b+"px,0)");f&&(yd=d,x(Dd,"gs_sth_vis",d),x(Dd,"gs_sth_trk",e),wd(a),Cd.style.height=yd?c+"px":"auto")} function Ed(){yd&&wd(Cd.getBoundingClientRect())}var Ad,Dd,Cd,xd,yd=!1,zd;Ma(function(){if(Dd=D("gs_sth"))Cd=Dd.querySelector(".gs_sth_g"),xd=Dd.querySelector(".gs_sth_b"),vc.addListener(Bd),wc.addListener(Ed),Bd()});(function(a){Ma(function(){return setTimeout(a,0)})})(function(){var a=document.querySelectorAll(".gs_invis");var b=typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&Symbol.iterator&&a[Symbol.iterator];if(b)a=b.call(a);else if(typeof a.length=="number")a={next:aa(a)};else throw Error(String(a)+" is not an iterable or ArrayLike");for(b=a.next();!b.done;b=a.next())v(b.value,"gs_invis")});new U;new U;var Fd=(new Date).getTimezoneOffset();T("#gs_vcpb_cita_edit","click",function(a){a.i&&Pa(a.i);a=D("gsc_vcpb").getAttribute("data-edit-link")+"&tzom="+Fd;Ic("gs_md_cita-d",a)});T("#gs_md_cita-b-save","click",function(){var a=D("gsc_ecd_form");Ba(a,"continue").value=window.location.pathname+window.location.search;S("submit",a)}); T(".gsc_ecd_form_tsel","click",function(a){var b=D("gsc_ecd_form"),c=D("gsc_ecd_table");b=Ba(b,"articletype");a=a.currentTarget;b.value=a.getAttribute("data-type")||"";c.className=a.getAttribute("data-class")||"";c=document.querySelectorAll("#gsc_ecd_citation_type button");for(b=c.length;b--;)x(c[b],"gs_sel",c[b]==a)}); }({"customAC":0,"eventId":"OQ1CZ5WXJZuDy9YPs-PngA4"});</script></head><body><div id="gs_top" onclick=""><style>#gs_md_s,.gs_md_wnw{z-index:1200;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;visibility:hidden;}.gs_md_ds:before{content:'';position:absolute;background-color:#fff;z-index:100;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;}.gs_md_ds.gs_md_d:not(.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw):before{top:-1px;bottom:-1px;right:-1px;left:-1px;}#gs_md_s{background-color:#fff;opacity:0;}.gs_el_ta #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_md_s,.gs_el_ta .gs_md_ds:before,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_ds:before{background-color:#666;}#gs_md_s.gs_vis,.gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{opacity:.5;visibility:visible;}.gs_md_wnw{transition:all 0s .218s;}.gs_md_wnw.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds:before{transition:opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_ds.gs_md_ins_vis:before{transition:opacity .218s,visibility 0s;}.gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:464px;box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);white-space:normal;}.gs_el_ta .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{box-shadow:2px 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.65);}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wnw>.gs_md_d{width:80%;max-width:440px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;transform:translate(0,100%);transform:translate(0,100vh);transition:transform .27s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),opacity 0s .27s,visibility 0s .27s,max-height 0s .27s;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_vis{transform:translate(0,0);transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw>.gs_md_d.gs_abt{transition:none;}.gs_md_hdr{display:flex;align-items:center;height:47px;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12);background-color:#f5f5f5;}.gs_md_hdr>a,.gs_md_hdr>a.gs_btn_lrge{flex:0 0 auto;width:41px;height:47px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr>a{margin:0 2px 0 0;}.gs_el_ph a.gs_md_hdr_c{margin:0 0 0 2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 41px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b{margin:0 16px;}.gs_md_hdr_t:empty~.gs_md_hdr_b{margin-left:0;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty{width:41px;margin:0;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_hdr_b:empty{margin-right:2px;}.gs_md_hdr_b:empty:not(:last-child){display:none;}.gs_md_hdr_b>button{min-width:51px;height:33px;}.gs_md_hdr_t{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;color:#666;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.gs_md_bdy{position:relative;overflow-y:auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding:24px 41px 0 41px;}.gs_md_bdy:after{display:block;content:"";clear:both;padding-bottom:24px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy{padding:16px 16px 0 16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_bdy:after{padding-bottom:16px;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wmw .gs_md_bdy{flex:1;}.gs_md_ftr{border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;}.gs_md_lbl{display:block;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 16px 0;word-wrap:break-word;}.gs_md_btns{margin:24px 0 0 0;white-space:nowrap;}.gs_el_ph .gs_md_btns{margin:16px 0 0 0;}.gs_md_btns button{margin-right:16px;}.gs_md_btns button:last-child{margin-right:0;}.gs_md_prg{margin:24px 0;text-align:center;}.gs_md_prg .gs_alrt{padding:4px 16px;}.gs_md_ldg:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#fff;opacity:.5;z-index:100;}</style><div id="gs_md_ldg" style="display:none">Loading...</div><div id="gs_md_err" style="display:none">The system can't perform the operation now. Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="800" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gs_md_cita-d-t" data-cid="gs_md_cita-l" data-wfc="gs_md_cita-d-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_md_cita-d-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gs_md_cita-d" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gs_md_cita-d-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t"></h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gs_md_cita-b-save" aria-label="Save" class="gs_btnDNW gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gs_md_cita-d-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gs_md_cita-d{width:90%;max-width:1000px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_md_cita-d{width:100%;max-width:none;}#gs_md_cita-d .gs_md_prg{min-height:600px;}</style><div id="gs_md_cita-l" aria-live="assertive"></div></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_md_ulr gs_md_ds" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" data-shd="gs_hdr_drs" data-wfc="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" data-cfc="gs_hdr_mnu"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_in"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_top"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" aria-label="Options" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_drw_lgo" href="/schhp?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a></div><div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/citations?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnPRO gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My profile</span></a><a href="/scholar?scilib=1&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnL gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">My library</span></a><a href="/citations?view_op=metrics_intro&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnJ gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Metrics</span></a><a href="/scholar_alerts?view_op=list_alerts&hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnM gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Alerts</span></a></div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/scholar_settings?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnP gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Settings</span></a></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw_bot" class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.co.in/schhp%3Fhl%3Den" class=" gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Sign in</span></a></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr" role="banner"><a href="/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&hl=en&user=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ" id="gs_hdr_bck" role="button" class="gs_btnALT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><div id="gs_hdr_md"><h1 dir="ltr">View article</h1></div><div id="gs_hdr_act"><a id="gs_hdr_act_s" href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.co.in/schhp%3Fhl%3Den">Sign in</a></div></div><style>#gs_alrt{position:fixed;bottom:48px;left:16px;max-width:384px;z-index:1250;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#e2e2e2;background:#333;text-align:left;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);visibility:hidden;transform-origin:center;transform:scale(0.8,0.8) translate(0,100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt{bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,100%);}#gs_alrt.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,0);}#gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .067s;}#gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .084s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .084s;}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .1s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}#gs_alrt_m{display:block;padding:16px;}#gs_alrt_l{display:block;padding:8px;margin:0 8px 0 -8px;border-radius:3px;color:#fcc934;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;}#gs_alrt_l:hover{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#gs_alrt_l:active{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}#gs_alrt_l:empty{display:none}#gs_alrt_m a{padding:8px 0;color:#e2e2e2;text-decoration:underline;}#gs_alrt_m a:active{color:#f6aea9}</style><form action="" method="post" id="gs_alrt"><span id="gs_alrt_m"></span><span id="gs_alrt_h"></span><a id="gs_alrt_l" href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_fm_s" data-fm="gs_alrt"></a></form><div id="gs_bdy"><div id="gs_bdy_sb" role="navigation"><div id="gs_bdy_sb_in"><div id="gsc_sb_ui" class="gs_bdy_sb_sec"><a href="/citations?user=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ&hl=en" class="gs_ibl"><span class="gs_rimg gs_pp_sm"><img alt="Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH" sizes="56px" src="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png" srcset="/citations/images/avatar_scholar_56.png 56w,/citations/images/avatar_scholar_128.png 128w" width="56" height="56"></span></a><div><a href="/citations?user=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ&hl=en">Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH</a></div></div></div></div><div id="gs_bdy_ccl" role="main"><div id="gsc_vcpb" data-edit-link="/citations?view_op=edit_citation&hl=en&user=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ&citation_for_view=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ:e5wmG9Sq2KIC&citation_for_view=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ:e5wmG9Sq2KIC&back_view_op=view_citation"><form method="post" id="gsc_vcpb_btns" action="/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en"><input type="hidden" name="xsrf" value="ADIE8skAAAAAZ0NeuaWXDJsIzSCqIWdvybSUClk"><input type="hidden" name="s" value="SJ-BZ58AAAAJ:e5wmG9Sq2KIC"><input type="hidden" name="continue" value="/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&hl=en&user=SJ-BZ58AAAAJ"></form><div id="gsc_oci_title_wrapper"><div id="gsc_oci_title_gg"><div class="gsc_oci_title_ggi"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039276/" data-clk="hl=en&sa=T&ei=OQ1CZ5WXJZuDy9YPs-PngA4"><span class='gsc_vcd_title_ggt'>[HTML]</span> from nih.gov</a></div></div><div id="gsc_oci_title"><a class="gsc_oci_title_link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09270" data-clk="hl=en&sa=T&ei=OQ1CZ5WXJZuDy9YPs-PngA4">Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids</a></div></div><div id="gsc_oci_table"><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Authors</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">Tanya M Teslovich, Kiran Musunuru, Albert V Smith, Andrew C Edmondson, Ioannis M Stylianou, Masahiro Koseki, James P Pirruccello, Samuli Ripatti, Daniel I Chasman, Cristen J Willer, Christopher T Johansen, Sigrid W Fouchier, Aaron Isaacs, Gina M Peloso, Maja Barbalic, Sally L Ricketts, Joshua C Bis, Yurii S Aulchenko, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Mary F Feitosa, John Chambers, Marju Orho-Melander, Olle Melander, Toby Johnson, Xiaohui Li, Xiuqing Guo, Mingyao Li, Yoon Shin Cho, Min Jin Go, Young Jin Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Taesung Park, Kyunga Kim, Xueling Sim, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Damien C Croteau-Chonka, Leslie A Lange, Joshua D Smith, Kijoung Song, Jing Hua Zhao, Xin Yuan, Jian’an Luan, Claudia Lamina, Andreas Ziegler, Weihua Zhang, Robert YL Zee, Alan F Wright, Jacqueline CM Witteman, James F Wilson, Gonneke Willemsen, H-Erich Wichmann, John B Whitfield, Dawn M Waterworth, Nicholas J Wareham, Gérard Waeber, Peter Vollenweider, Benjamin F Voight, Veronique Vitart, Andre G Uitterlinden, Manuela Uda, Jaakko Tuomilehto, John R Thompson, Toshiko Tanaka, Ida Surakka, Heather M Stringham, Tim D Spector, Nicole Soranzo, Johannes H Smit, Juha Sinisalo, Kaisa Silander, Eric JG Sijbrands, Angelo Scuteri, James Scott, David Schlessinger, Serena Sanna, Veikko Salomaa, Juha Saharinen, Chiara Sabatti, Aimo Ruokonen, Igor Rudan, Lynda M Rose, Robert Roberts, Mark Rieder, Bruce M Psaty, Peter P Pramstaller, Irene Pichler, Markus Perola, Brenda WJH Penninx, Nancy L Pedersen, Cristian Pattaro, Alex N Parker, Guillaume Pare, Ben A Oostra, Christopher J O’Donnell, Markku S Nieminen, Deborah A Nickerson, Grant W Montgomery, Thomas Meitinger, Ruth McPherson, Mark I McCarthy, Wendy McArdle, David Masson, Nicholas G Martin, Fabio Marroni, Massimo Mangino, Patrik KE Magnusson, Gavin Lucas, Robert Luben, Ruth JF Loos, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Guillaume Lettre, Claudia Langenberg, Lenore J Launer, Edward G Lakatta, Reijo Laaksonen, Kirsten O Kyvik, Florian Kronenberg, Inke R König, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jaakko Kaprio, Lee M Kaplan, Åsa Johansson, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, A Cecile JW Janssens, Erik Ingelsson, Wilmar Igl, G Kees Hovingh, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Albert Hofman, Andrew A Hicks, Christian Hengstenberg, Iris M Heid, Caroline Hayward, Aki S Havulinna, Nicholas D Hastie, Tamara B Harris, Talin Haritunians, Alistair S Hall, Ulf Gyllensten, Candace Guiducci, Leif C Groop, Elena Gonzalez, Christian Gieger, Nelson B Freimer, Luigi Ferrucci, Jeanette Erdmann, Paul Elliott, Kenechi G Ejebe, Angela Döring, Anna F Dominiczak</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Publication date</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">2010/8/5</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Journal</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">Nature</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Volume</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">466</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Issue</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">7307</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Pages</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">707-713</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Publisher</div><div class="gsc_oci_value">Nature Publishing Group UK</div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Description</div><div class="gsc_oci_value" id="gsc_oci_descr"><div class="gsh_small"><div class="gsh_csp">Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 significantly associated loci (<i>P</i> < 5 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), with 59 showing genome-wide significant association with lipid traits for the first time. The newly reported associations include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known lipid regulators (for example, <i>CYP7A1</i>, <i>NPC1L1</i> and <i>SCARB1</i>) as well as in scores of loci not previously implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. The 95 loci contribute not only to normal variation in lipid traits but also to extreme lipid phenotypes and have an impact on lipid traits in three non-European …</div></div></div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Total citations</div><div class="gsc_oci_value"><div style="margin-bottom:1em"><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5">Cited by 4139</a></div><div id="gsc_oci_graph_wrapper"><div id="gsc_oci_graph" style="width:501px;"><div id="gsc_oci_graph_x"></div><div id="gsc_oci_graph_bars"><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:0px">2010</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:33px">2011</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:66px">2012</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:99px">2013</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:132px">2014</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:165px">2015</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:198px">2016</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:231px">2017</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:264px">2018</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:297px">2019</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:330px">2020</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:363px">2021</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:396px">2022</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:429px">2023</span><span class="gsc_oci_g_t" style="left:462px">2024</span><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2010&as_yhi=2010" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:5px;height:4px;top:53px;z-index:15"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">29</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2011&as_yhi=2011" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:38px;height:37px;top:20px;z-index:14"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">265</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2012&as_yhi=2012" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:71px;height:51px;top:6px;z-index:13"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">364</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2013&as_yhi=2013" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:104px;height:52px;top:5px;z-index:12"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">369</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2014&as_yhi=2014" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:137px;height:54px;top:3px;z-index:11"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">384</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2015&as_yhi=2015" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:170px;height:57px;top:0px;z-index:10"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">405</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2016&as_yhi=2016" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:203px;height:51px;top:6px;z-index:9"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">363</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2017&as_yhi=2017" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:236px;height:43px;top:14px;z-index:8"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">307</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2018&as_yhi=2018" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:269px;height:48px;top:9px;z-index:7"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">341</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2019&as_yhi=2019" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:302px;height:42px;top:15px;z-index:6"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">297</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2020&as_yhi=2020" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:335px;height:33px;top:24px;z-index:5"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">231</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2021&as_yhi=2021" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:368px;height:31px;top:26px;z-index:4"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">220</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:401px;height:30px;top:27px;z-index:3"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">213</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2023&as_yhi=2023" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:434px;height:24px;top:33px;z-index:2"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">174</span></a><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5&as_ylo=2024&as_yhi=2024" class="gsc_oci_g_a" style="left:467px;height:19px;top:38px;z-index:1"><span class="gsc_oci_g_al">135</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_scl"><div class="gsc_oci_field">Scholar articles</div><div class="gsc_oci_value"><div class="gsc_oci_merged_snippet"><div><a href="/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=17106639313078732455&btnI=1&hl=en">Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids</a></div><div>TM Teslovich, K Musunuru, AV Smith, AC Edmondson… - Nature, 2010</div><div><a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=17106639313078732455&as_sdt=5">Cited by 4139</a> <a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&q=related:p0bKBNL9Zu0J:scholar.google.com/">Related articles</a> <a class="gsc_oms_link" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cluster=17106639313078732455">All 54 versions</a> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="gs_ftr_sp" role="presentation"></div><div id="gs_ftr" class="gs_md_rmb" role="contentinfo"><div id="gs_ftr_rt"><a href="//www.google.co.in/intl/en/policies/privacy/">Privacy</a><a href="//www.google.co.in/intl/en/policies/terms/">Terms</a><a href="javascript:void(0)" ontouchstart="gs_evt_dsp(event)" role="button" aria-controls="gs_ftr_mnu" aria-haspopup="true" class="gs_press gs_md_tb">Help</a></div><div id="gs_ftr_mnu" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi gs_md_ulr" role="menu" tabindex="-1"><a role="menuitem" href="/intl/en/scholar/about.html" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">About Scholar</a><a role="menuitem" href="//support.google.com/websearch?p=scholar_dsa&hl=en" tabindex="-1" class="gs_md_li">Search help</a></div></div></div></body></html>