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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grossmith" title="George Grossmith – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Grossmith" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grossmith_(Komponist)" title="George Grossmith (Komponist) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Grossmith (Komponist)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grossmith" title="George Grossmith – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Grossmith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grossmith" title="George Grossmith – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Grossmith" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="چورچ جروسميث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چورچ جروسميث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grossmith" title="George Grossmith – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="George Grossmith" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="喬治·格羅史密斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喬治·格羅史密斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1564825#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English actor, singer and writer (1847–1912)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Grossmith's son, the musical theatre actor and producer, see <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg/220px-George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg/330px-George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg/440px-George_Grossmith_-_English_comic_and_actor_-_Project_Gutenberg_eBook_12223.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith, as illustrated in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Idler_(1892-1911)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Idler (1892-1911)">The Idler</a></i> magazine, 1893</figcaption></figure> <p><b>George Grossmith</b> (9 December 1847 – 1 March 1912) was an English comedian, writer, composer, actor, and singer. His performing career spanned more than four decades. As a writer and composer, he created 18 <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a>, nearly 100 musical sketches, some 600 songs and piano pieces, three books and both serious and comic pieces for newspapers and magazines. </p><p>Grossmith created a series of nine characters in the <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a> from 1877 to 1889, including Sir Joseph Porter, in <i><a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Pinafore" title="H.M.S. Pinafore">H.M.S. Pinafore</a></i> (1878), the Major-General in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirates_of_Penzance" title="The Pirates of Penzance">The Pirates of Penzance</a></i> (1880) and Ko-Ko in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mikado" title="The Mikado">The Mikado</a></i> (1885–87). He also wrote, in collaboration with his brother <a href="/wiki/Weedon_Grossmith" title="Weedon Grossmith">Weedon</a>, the 1892 <a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">comic novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Nobody" title="The Diary of a Nobody">The Diary of a Nobody</a></i>. </p><p>Grossmith was also famous in his day for performing his own comic piano sketches and songs, both before and after his Gilbert and Sullivan days, becoming the most popular British solo performer of the 1890s. Some of his comic songs endure today, including "See Me Dance the Polka". He continued to perform into the first decade of the 20th century. His son, <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a>, became an actor, playwright and producer of <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_musical_comedies" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian musical comedies">Edwardian musical comedies</a>; another son, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Grossmith" title="Lawrence Grossmith">Lawrence</a>, was an actor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg/170px-George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg/255px-George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg/340px-George-Grossmith-senior-1820-1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith's father</figcaption></figure> <p>George Grossmith was born in <a href="/wiki/Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a>, London, and grew up in St. Pancras and <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London. His father, also named George (1820–1880), was the chief reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> and other newspapers at the <a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Magistrates%27_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Street Magistrates' Court">Bow Street Magistrates' Court</a> and was also a lecturer and entertainer. His mother was Louisa Emmeline Grossmith née Weedon (d. 1882). Over the years, Grossmith's father spent less of his time at Bow Street and more of it touring as a performer.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young man, Grossmith was usually credited as "Jnr" to distinguish him from his father, especially when they performed together, but for most of his career, he was credited simply as "George Grossmith". Later, his actor-playwright-theatre manager son was credited as <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith "Jr"</a> rather than "III"; some sources confuse the two men. </p><p>Grossmith had a younger sister, Emily, and younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Weedon_Grossmith" title="Weedon Grossmith">Weedon</a>. In 1855, he went to boarding school at Massingham House on Haverstock Hill in the district of <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>. There he studied the piano and began to amuse his friends and teachers with shadow pantomimes, and later by playing the piano by ear. His family moved to Haverstock Hill when young Grossmith was 10, and he became a day student.<sup id="cite_ref-GG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 12, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/North_London_Collegiate_School" title="North London Collegiate School">North London Collegiate School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a>. He was back in St. Pancras by age 13.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an avid amateur photographer and painter as a teenager, but it was his brother Weedon who went to art school. The Grossmith family had many friends engaged in the arts, including <a href="/wiki/J._L._Toole" class="mw-redirect" title="J. L. Toole">J. L. Toole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._J._Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="H. J. Byron">H. J. Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hood" title="Tom Hood">Tom Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._W._Robertson" title="T. W. Robertson">T. W. Robertson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Hollingshead" title="John Hollingshead">John Hollingshead</a> (later, the manager of the <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_London" title="Gaiety Theatre, London">Gaiety Theatre, London</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GG_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grossmith had hoped to become a <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a>. Instead, he worked for many years, beginning in the 1860s, training and then substituting for his father as the Bow Street reporter for <i>The Times</i>, among other publications, when his father was on his lecture tours. Among the cases on which he reported was the <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerkenwell bombing">Clerkenwell bombing</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Fenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenians">Fenians</a> in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time as he began reporting, he began to write humorous articles for periodicals and to participate in amateur theatrical performances.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also joined his father in his entertainments, lectures, and imitations, and began to add music to the entertainments, which his father had not done.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_performing_career">Early performing career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early performing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gayphotog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gayphotog.jpg/170px-Gayphotog.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gayphotog.jpg/255px-Gayphotog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gayphotog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>1870 sheet music</figcaption></figure> <p>Young Grossmith received some recognition for amateur songs and sketches at private parties and, beginning in 1864, at <a href="/wiki/Penny_reading" title="Penny reading">penny readings</a>. He also participated in a small number of theatricals as an amateur, including playing John Chodd Jr. in Robertson's play, <i><a href="/wiki/Society_(play)" title="Society (play)">Society</a></i>, at the <a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Illustration" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of Illustration">Gallery of Illustration</a>, in 1868. The after-piece was a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">burlesque</a>, written by Grossmith's father, on the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/No_Thoroughfare" title="No Thoroughfare">No Thoroughfare</a></i>. He then played the title role in <i>Paul Pry</i>, a comedy by Poole, also at the Gallery of Illustration, in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he and his father felt that his talents lay in "sketch" comedy rather than theatre. The younger Grossmith admired the comic pianist and entertainer <a href="/wiki/John_Orlando_Parry" title="John Orlando Parry">John Orlando Parry</a>, who created and performed in many of the <a href="/wiki/German_Reed_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="German Reed Entertainment">German Reed Entertainments</a>, and he tried to emulate Parry in developing his own sketches, consisting of humorous anecdotes, mildly satirical comment, <a href="/wiki/Ad_lib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad lib">ad lib</a> chat, and comic songs centred on the piano.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grossmith took to the professional stage in 1870 with a sketch called <i>Human Oddities</i>, written by his father, and a song called "The Gay Photographer" (that is, the "carefree" photographer).<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song, with words by Grossmith's father and music by young Grossmith, concerns a photographer who broke the heart of a young lady named Miss Jenkins; so she drank his chemicals and died.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1870, the younger Grossmith appeared on his own with a nightly spot at the "<a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">old Polytechnic</a>" in Regent Street, where comic sketches alternated with scientific and serious lectures for the entertainment of the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Human Oddities</i> and another sketch, <i>The Yellow Dwarf</i>, were successful for Grossmith, and he took the former work on tour for six months. An 1871 Grossmith sketch was called <i>He was a Careful Man</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer Tony Joseph notes that, except for a few early pieces, nearly all of Grossmith's material was written and composed by Grossmith himself. Joseph describes the sketches as "a light-hearted sending up of various aspects of contemporary life and manners. ...he was the complete performer... as a pianist (he performed for the most part sitting at a piano)... as a raconteur... as a mimic, facial expression, timing—he had it all. A short, dapper figure, he turned his lack of inches to positive advantage, and audiences took to him everywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PinaforeCups1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PinaforeCups1.jpg/170px-PinaforeCups1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PinaforeCups1.jpg/255px-PinaforeCups1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PinaforeCups1.jpg/340px-PinaforeCups1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>1878 programme for <i><a href="/wiki/Cups_and_Saucers" title="Cups and Saucers">Cups and Saucers</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Pinafore" title="H.M.S. Pinafore">H.M.S. Pinafore</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Grossmith toured in the summer of 1871 with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard_Paul" title="Henry Howard Paul">Mr and</a> <a href="/wiki/Mrs_Howard_Paul" title="Mrs Howard Paul">Mrs Howard Paul</a> and occasionally afterwards. He and Mrs Paul would also appear together in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer" title="The Sorcerer">The Sorcerer</a></i> in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1871, at the Polytechnic, he performed three more sketches, <i>The Puddleton Penny Readings</i>, <i>Theatricals at Thespis Lodge</i><sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Silver Wedding</i><sup id="cite_ref-Beauties_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauties-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (including what would be one of his most popular songs, "I am so Volatile", with words by his father).<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 February 1872, Grossmith gave a sketch parody of a penny reading at the <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_London" title="Gaiety Theatre, London">Gaiety Theatre, London</a>, since on <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, theatres refrained from presenting costumed performances out of respect for the holiday. At the time, coincidentally, the Gaiety was presenting <i><a href="/wiki/Thespis_(opera)" title="Thespis (opera)">Thespis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>'s first collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-Moss_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moss-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout these years, Grossmith continued working at Bow Street during the day. In 1873, Grossmith married Emmeline Rosa Noyce (1849–1905), the daughter of a neighbourhood physician, whom he had met years earlier at a children's party.<sup id="cite_ref-GG_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had four children: <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="George Grossmith Jr">George</a>, an actor, playwright and theatre manager; Sylvia (1875–1932; married Stuart James Bevan in 1900); <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Grossmith" title="Lawrence Grossmith">Lawrence</a>, an actor, primarily in America;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cordelia Rosa (1879–1943).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family lived initially in <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a> before moving, about 1885, to Dorset Square nearby. </p><p>In 1873, Grossmith and his father began joint tours of humorous recitations and comic sketches at literary institutes and public halls, to church groups and to branches of the <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> all over England and even in Scotland and Wales. Young Grossmith's sketches at this time included <i>The Puddleton Penny Readings</i>, <i>Our Choral Society</i> and <i>In the Stalls</i>. They toured almost constantly for the following three years, but they returned to see their families in London on weekends.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, he met and became firm friends with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Sullivan" title="Fred Sullivan">Fred Sullivan</a>, and afterwards, he met Sullivan's brother <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cecil" title="Arthur Cecil">Arthur Cecil</a>, Sullivan, and some of their friends, Grossmith began to be invited to entertain at private "society" parties, which he continued to do throughout his career. Later, these parties would often occur late in the evening after Grossmith performed at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Theatre" title="Savoy Theatre">Savoy Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, he collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Florence_Marryat" title="Florence Marryat">Florence Marryat</a>, the author and reciter, on <i>Entre Nous</i>. This piece consisted of a series of piano sketches, alternating with scenes and costumed recitations, including a two-person "satirical musical sketch", really a short <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Cups_and_Saucers" title="Cups and Saucers">Cups and Saucers</a></i>, which they then toured.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossmith also took a number of engagements, including recitals at private homes.<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1877, <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Brough" title="Lionel Brough">Lionel Brough</a> introduced another popular Grossmith song, "The Muddle Puddle Junction Porter".<sup id="cite_ref-Moss_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moss-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then, Grossmith had become friendly with many in the music and theatre establishments, including <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a> and impresario <a href="/wiki/Richard_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Richard D'Oyly Carte">Richard D'Oyly Carte</a>; and Grossmith had the opportunity to perform in Gilbert and Sullivan's <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_by_Jury" title="Trial by Jury">Trial by Jury</a></i> and other Sullivan works at charity benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossmithsor01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grossmithsor01.jpg/170px-Grossmithsor01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grossmithsor01.jpg/255px-Grossmithsor01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grossmithsor01.jpg/340px-Grossmithsor01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1855" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith as Wells in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer" title="The Sorcerer">The Sorcerer</a></i>, 1877</figcaption></figure> <p>After entertaining professionally in sketch comedy for seven years, however, Grossmith discovered that his income decreased each year as his family and household expenses increased. He also disliked travelling. Accordingly, he was pleased when, despite his relative inexperience in legitimate theatre, he received a letter from Arthur Sullivan in November 1877 inviting him to take a part in his new piece with <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer" title="The Sorcerer">The Sorcerer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D'Oyly_Carte_years"><span id="D.27Oyly_Carte_years"></span>D'Oyly Carte years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: D'Oyly Carte years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grossmith had appeared in charity performances of <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_by_Jury" title="Trial by Jury">Trial by Jury</a></i>, where both Sullivan and Gilbert had seen him<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (indeed, Gilbert had directed one such performance, in which Grossmith played the judge),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gilbert had earlier commented favourably on his performance in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas William Robertson">Tom Robertson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Society_(play)" title="Society (play)">Society</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Illustration" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of Illustration">Gallery of Illustration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sullivan mentioned to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cecil" title="Arthur Cecil">Arthur Cecil</a>, the leading tenor from the Gallery of Illustration, that he was looking for someone to play the comic title role in his new comic opera, <i>The Sorcerer</i>. Cecil reminded Sullivan about Grossmith, and Sullivan seized on the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossmith6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After singing for Sullivan, upon meeting Gilbert, Grossmith wondered aloud if the role should be played by "a fine man with a fine voice". Gilbert replied, "That is exactly what we don't want."<sup id="cite_ref-Ayre137_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayre137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Grossmith had reservations about cancelling his touring engagements and going into the "wicked" professional theatre (a move that might lose him church and other engagements in the future), and <a href="/wiki/Richard_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Richard D'Oyly Carte">Richard D'Oyly Carte</a>'s backers objected to casting a sketch comedian in the central role of a comic opera, Grossmith was hired. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_(1881).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg/170px-George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg/255px-George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg/340px-George_Grossmith_as_Reginald_Bunthorne_in_Gilbert_and_Sullivan%27s_Patience_%281881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith as Bunthorne in <i><a href="/wiki/Patience_(opera)" title="Patience (opera)">Patience</a></i>, 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>Grossmith was a hit as the tradesmanlike John Wellington Wells, the title role in <i>The Sorcerer</i>, and became a regular member of <a href="/wiki/Richard_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Richard D'Oyly Carte">Richard D'Oyly Carte</a>'s company. He created all nine of the lead comic <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> roles in Gilbert and Sullivan's <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy Opera">Savoy Operas</a> in London from 1877 to 1889, including the pompous <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>, Sir Joseph Porter, in <i><a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Pinafore" title="H.M.S. Pinafore">H.M.S. Pinafore</a></i> (1878); <a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> Stanley in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirates_of_Penzance" title="The Pirates of Penzance">The Pirates of Penzance</a></i>, who is an expert at everything except "military knowledge" (1880); the <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> poet, Reginald Bunthorne in <i><a href="/wiki/Patience_(opera)" title="Patience (opera)">Patience</a></i> (1881); the love-lonely <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Iolanthe" title="Iolanthe">Iolanthe</a></i> (1882); the sarcastic cripple, King Gama, in <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ida" title="Princess Ida">Princess Ida</a></i> (1884); Ko-Ko the cheap tailor, elevated to the post of Lord High Executioner, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mikado" title="The Mikado">The Mikado</a></i> (1885); the accursed Robin Oakapple in <i><a href="/wiki/Ruddigore" title="Ruddigore">Ruddigore</a></i> (1887); and the pathetic jester, Jack Point, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="The Yeomen of the Guard">The Yeomen of the Guard</a></i> (1888).<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 January 1887, one week after the opening night of <i>Ruddigore</i>, Grossmith fell dangerously ill.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by 13 February, his physicians pronounced him convalescent,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he resumed the role of Robin by 18 February.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Grossmith's absence, his understudy <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lytton" title="Henry Lytton">Henry Lytton</a>, who would later become the principal comedian of the company, had the opportunity to perform the role in Grossmith's place.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossmith_as_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grossmith_as_Point.jpg/150px-Grossmith_as_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grossmith_as_Point.jpg/225px-Grossmith_as_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grossmith_as_Point.jpg/300px-Grossmith_as_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="3885" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith as Jack Point in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="The Yeomen of the Guard">Yeomen</a></i>, 1888</figcaption></figure> <p>Years later, Grossmith's obituary in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> noted the comedian's "nimbleness, his diverting tricks, his still more diverting dignity—the dignity of a man of few inches high or round—and his incomparable power of rapid speech and singing."<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Daily Telegraph</i> wrote of his Jack Point: "Whether giving expression to poor Jack’s professional wit, or hiding a sorry heart behind light words... Mr Grossmith was master of the part he assumed."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883, <i>The Times</i>, reviewing a matinee performance of <i>Iolanthe</i>, wrote: "Mr. Grossmith's impersonation of the Lord Chancellor has ... become an exquisitely refined satire."<sup id="cite_ref-Crutches_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crutches-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, his sketch comedy background had trained Grossmith to improvise comic business. Gilbert and the actor had an exchange during rehearsals for <i>The Mikado</i> about an improvised moment in which <a href="/wiki/Jessie_Bond" title="Jessie Bond">Jessie Bond</a> pushed Grossmith, as they kneeled before the Mikado, and he rolled completely over. Gilbert requested that they cut out the gag, and Grossmith replied: "but I get an enormous laugh by it". Gilbert replied "So you would if you sat on a pork-pie."<sup id="cite_ref-Ayre137_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayre137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The actor, jittery on opening nights, is depicted both on and off stage in the <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Turvy" class="mw-redirect" title="Topsy Turvy">Topsy Turvy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Pearson" title="Hesketh Pearson">Hesketh Pearson</a> wrote in 1935 that Grossmith injected himself with drugs to calm his nerves,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the film he is shown injecting himself on the opening night of <i>The Mikado</i>. In his diary, Arthur Sullivan wrote afterwards, "All went very well except Grossmith, whose nervousness nearly upset the piece".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossmith spoke self-deprecatingly about his own vocal prowess (Sullivan and others disagreed): </p> <dl><dd>Of course, I haven't any voice to speak of, but I have a great register, and Sullivan used to amuse himself by making me sing bass in one number of an opera and tenor in another. In <i>Ruddygore</i>, Sir Arthur had engaged a man to play the servant, my menial, so to speak, who had an enormous bass voice, and who had to go down to the lower E flat. Singularly enough, he could go down to G, and then he dropped out entirely, and I did the [low E-flat] below. Generally the audience roared with laughter, and it absolutely brought down the house.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taykinposter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Taykinposter.JPG/170px-Taykinposter.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Taykinposter.JPG/255px-Taykinposter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Taykinposter.JPG/340px-Taykinposter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Grossmith's <i>The Great Tay-Kin</i></figcaption></figure> <p>During his time with the <a href="/wiki/D%27Oyly_Carte_Opera_Company" title="D'Oyly Carte Opera Company">D'Oyly Carte Opera Company</a>, Grossmith's father and mother died (in 1880 and 1882, respectively). Throughout this period, Grossmith continued to perform his sketches, often late at night after performing at the Savoy, and continued to write new sketches, such as <i>Amateur Theatricals</i> (1878), <i>A Juvenile Party</i> (1879), <i>A Musical Nightmare</i> (1880), and <i>A Little Yachting</i> (1886).<sup id="cite_ref-Berger_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote the music for <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Law_(playwright)" title="Arthur Law (playwright)">Arthur Law</a>'s short comic opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Samuel" title="Uncle Samuel">Uncle Samuel</a></i> (1881), the one-act curtain raiser that preceded <i>Patience</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Comique" title="Opera Comique">Opera Comique</a> programme. His <i>Cups and Saucers</i> was revived and played with <i>Pinafore</i> and also played by the company on tour. Other comic operas by Grossmith during these years included <i>Mr Guffin's Elopement</i> (1882) and <i>A Peculiar Case</i> (1884, both with libretti by Arthur Law) and <i>The Real Case of Hide and Seekyll</i> (1886).<sup id="cite_ref-Berger_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossmith also continued to give his "society" and other entertainments, often late at night after his performance at the Savoy. He also composed the music for another comic opera, <i>The Great Tay-Kin</i> and another piece, both with libretti by Arthur Law, which were performed at <a href="/wiki/Toole%27s_Theatre" title="Toole's Theatre">Toole's Theatre</a> in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grossmith also wrote, composed, and performed in several one-man drawing room sketches, short comic operas or monologues that were given at the Opera Comique or the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Theatre" title="Savoy Theatre">Savoy Theatre</a> in place of the companion pieces when shorter matinee programmes were playing. These works included <i>Beauties on the Beach</i> (1878),<sup id="cite_ref-Beauties_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauties-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Five Hamlets</i> (1878),<sup id="cite_ref-Beauties_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauties-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a revival of his <i>A Silver Wedding</i> (1879), <i>The Drama on Crutches</i> (1883), <i>Homburg, or Haunted by The Mikado</i> (1887–88),<sup id="cite_ref-Beauties_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauties-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Holiday Hall</i> (1888).<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reviewing a matinee performance of <i>The Drama on Crutches</i>, <i>The Times</i> commented, "he not only satirizes the present tendency of fashionable amateurs to join the stage, but also parodies ... the manner of Mr. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Irving</a> and other actors of the present day, including himself. The sketch created great amusement, though of course, it depends entirely for its success upon the actor's powers of mimicry."<sup id="cite_ref-Crutches_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crutches-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossmith also performed in charity events, including as Bouncer in <i><a href="/wiki/Cox_and_Box" title="Cox and Box">Cox and Box</a></i> in 1879 at the Opera Comique.<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossmithvf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grossmithvf.jpg/170px-Grossmithvf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grossmithvf.jpg/255px-Grossmithvf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grossmithvf.jpg/340px-Grossmithvf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of Grossmith in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, 1888</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, Grossmith's comic song written in 1886, "See Me Dance the Polka", was extremely popular. It has been used in a number of films and has been quoted or referred to in literature and music, including in the poem/song "Polka" from <i><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Façade (poem)">Façade</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Sitwell" title="Edith Sitwell">Edith Sitwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Walton" title="William Walton">William Walton</a>. Other songs he wrote during this period include "An Awful Little Scrub" (1880), "The Speaker's Eye" (1882), "The 'Bus Conductor's Song" (1883), "How I Became an Actor" (1883), "See Me Reverse" (1884), "The Lost Key" (1885), and "The Happy Fatherland" (1887).<sup id="cite_ref-Berger_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grossmith left the D'Oyly Carte company near the end of the original run of <i>The Yeomen of the Guard</i> on 17 August 1889 and resumed his career entertaining at the piano,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he continued to do for more than 15 years afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his dislike of travelling, he toured in Britain, Ireland, and, on five occasions, North America. His drawing-room sketches included his own popular songs, such as "See Me Dance the Polka", "The Happy Fatherland", "The Polka and the Choir-boy", "Thou of My Thou", "The French Verbs", "Go on Talking – Don't Mind Me", "I Don't Mind Flies". His new sketches during this period included <i>Modern Music and Morals</i> (1889), <i>On Tour; or, Piano and I</i> (1891), <i>A Seaside Holiday</i> (1892), <i>Fashionable Music</i> (1892) and <i>Is Music a Failure?</i> (1892).<sup id="cite_ref-Berger_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Times</i>, "His genial satire was enjoyed even by those at whom its shafts were aimed."<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he toured Scotland in the autumn of 1890, Grossmith gave a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Command_Performance" title="Royal Command Performance">command performance</a> for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also composed the music for a three-act comic opera with a libretto by Gilbert, <i><a href="/wiki/Haste_to_the_Wedding" title="Haste to the Wedding">Haste to the Wedding</a></i> (1892). In this piece, his son <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a> made his stage debut. Musically more challenging than any composition he had attempted before, this work was unsuccessful. Later, however, Grossmith said that the experience of writing with Gilbert was one of the happiest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892–93 he toured North America (his second tour there), writing successful new sketches, "How I Discovered America" and "Baby on the Shore" (1893).<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif/170px-Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif/255px-Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif/340px-Charles_and_Lupin_Pooter.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Charles (left) and Lupin Pooter at <a href="/wiki/Broadstairs" title="Broadstairs">Broadstairs</a>, from Chapter VI of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Nobody" title="The Diary of a Nobody">The Diary of a Nobody</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1892, Grossmith collaborated with his brother <a href="/wiki/Weedon_Grossmith" title="Weedon Grossmith">Weedon Grossmith</a> to expand a series of amusing columns they had written in 1888–89 for <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Nobody" title="The Diary of a Nobody">The Diary of a Nobody</a></i> was published as a novel<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has never been out of print since. The book is a sharp analysis of social insecurity, and Charles Pooter of The Laurels, Brickfield Terrace, Holloway, was immediately recognised as one of the great comic characters of English literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work has itself been the object of dramatisation and adaptation, including three times for television: 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1979<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossmith_and_Son.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grossmith_and_Son.png/220px-Grossmith_and_Son.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grossmith_and_Son.png/330px-Grossmith_and_Son.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grossmith_and_Son.png/440px-Grossmith_and_Son.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2763" /></a><figcaption>"The Firm of Grossmith <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">and son</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>Grossmith had become the most popular solo entertainer of his day, and his tours earned him far more than he had earned while performing with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also continued to compose music, including the comic opera <i>Castle Bang</i> (1894) and the sketches <i>The Ibsenite Drama</i> (1895) and <i>Do We Enjoy Our Holidays?</i> (1897) and songs like "The Baby on the Shore" (1893), "Johnnie at the Gaiety" (1895), "Tommy's First Love" (1897), and "The Happy Old Days at Peckham" (1903).<sup id="cite_ref-Berger_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894–95, however, Gilbert enticed Grossmith to take the role of George Griffenfeld in <i><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency_(opera)" title="His Excellency (opera)">His Excellency</a></i>, with music by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Osmond_Carr" title="Frank Osmond Carr">Frank Osmond Carr</a>. Also in 1897, he played briefly as King Ferdinand V of Vingolia in <a href="/wiki/F._C._Burnand" title="F. C. Burnand">F. C. Burnand</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_(comic_opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty (comic opera)">His Majesty</a></i> at the Savoy Theatre and made two more short London stage appearances thereafter, as Scoones in <i>Young Mr Yarde</i> (1898) and <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Simnel" title="Lambert Simnel">Lambert Simnel</a> in <i>The Gay Pretenders</i> (1900).<sup id="cite_ref-WhoWas_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1896 interview of Grossmith reveals him feeling his age and considering the end of his touring career, while enjoying time spent at home with his family, dogs and antique piano collection.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grossmith suffered from depression after the death of his wife of cancer in 1905, and his health began to fail, so that he increasingly missed engagements. He was nevertheless persuaded to continue giving his entertainments, which he did on a less frequent basis, until November 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Grossmith retired to <a href="/wiki/Folkestone,_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkestone, Kent">Folkestone, Kent</a>, a town that he had visited for many years, where he wrote his second volume of reminiscences, <i>Piano and I</i> (1910). </p><p>Grossmith died at his home in Folkestone at the age of 64. He is buried in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">London Borough of Brent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a>, dated 26 October 1908, Grossmith left small bequests to a variety of charities and persons; 2,000 pounds, artworks and heirlooms to each of his children (except that <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Grossmith" title="Lawrence Grossmith">Lawrence</a> did not receive a cash bequest), his son George receiving also "two silver bowls presented to him by [Gilbert, Sullivan and] Carte [and] the ivory baton with which he conducted the orchestra on the occasion of his said son's first appearance on the stage" in <i>Haste to the Wedding</i>; and smaller bequests to his children's spouses and his nieces, nephews, grandchildren and some cousins, with the residuary estate shared equally by his children (although the residuary estate was not large).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_and_compositions;_legacy;_recordings"><span id="Writings_and_compositions.3B_legacy.3B_recordings"></span>Writings and compositions; legacy; recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writings and compositions; legacy; recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png/220px-Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png/330px-Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png/440px-Comic_Opera_at_the_Savoy.png 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption>Comforting <a href="/wiki/Richard_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Richard D'Oyly Carte">Carte</a> after the failure of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Duke" title="The Grand Duke">The Grand Duke</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Grossmith wrote numerous comic pieces for the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch magazine">Punch</a></i>, including a series of ten skits in 1884 inspired by his Bow Street experiences, which he called "Very Trying".<sup id="cite_ref-Joseph_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote two memoirs, <i>A Society Clown: Reminiscences </i> (1888) and <i>Piano and I: Further Reminiscences</i> (1910). In his career, Grossmith wrote 18 <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a>, nearly 100 musical sketches, some 600 songs and piano pieces, and three books. He also wrote both serious and comic pieces for newspapers and magazines throughout his career, displaying a wide range of styles.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grossmith was followed, in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic roles, by a number of other popular performers; those who played his roles at the Savoy Theatre for an extended period of time have included <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lytton" title="Henry Lytton">Henry Lytton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Green" title="Martyn Green">Martyn Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pratt" title="Peter Pratt">Peter Pratt</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(actor)" title="John Reed (actor)">John Reed</a>, among others. Over forty of the songs that Grossmith wrote or performed in his one-man shows have been recorded by baritone Leon Berger (a British Gilbert & Sullivan singer and Grossmith scholar), accompanied by Selwyn Tillett (G&S scholar) on two CDs: <i>A Society Clown: The Songs of George Grossmith</i> and <i>The Grossmith Legacy</i>. The latter also contains the recorded voice of Grossmith's son, George Grossmith Jr. Both are on the Divine Art Label.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No recordings of Grossmith's voice are known to exist, although wax cylinder recording technology was available during his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Cups_and_Saucers" title="Cups and Saucers">Cups and Saucers</a></i> was recorded by Retrospect Opera in 2016, together with <a href="/wiki/F._C._Burnand" title="F. C. Burnand">F. C. Burnand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Solomon" title="Edward Solomon">Edward Solomon</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pickwick_(operetta)" title="Pickwick (operetta)">Pickwick</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writings">Writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith1888" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/books/grossmith/index.html"><i>A Society Clown: Reminiscences</i></a>. Bristol/London: Arrowsmith.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Society+Clown%3A+Reminiscences&rft.place=Bristol%2FLondon&rft.pub=Arrowsmith&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsarchive.net%2Fbooks%2Fgrossmith%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span> Accessed 9 March 2008</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith1892" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George and Weedon Grossmith (1892). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Nobody" title="The Diary of a Nobody">The Diary of a Nobody</a></i>. Bristol: Arrowsmith.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diary+of+a+Nobody&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Arrowsmith&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George+and+Weedon+Grossmith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith1910" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George (1910). <i>Piano and I: Further Reminiscences</i>. Bristol: Arrowsmith.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piano+and+I%3A+Further+Reminiscences&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Arrowsmith&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith2009" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George (2009) [1904]. Sylvia Grossmith Bevan and Cordelia Grossmith (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/trutt/GilbertBooks/GeorgeGrossmithBirthdayBook1.pdf"><i><span></span></i>The George Grossmith Birthday Book<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Los Angeles: David Trutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+George+Grossmith+Birthday+Book&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=David+Trutt&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsarchive.net%2Ftrutt%2FGilbertBooks%2FGeorgeGrossmithBirthdayBook1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith2009" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George, ed. David Trutt (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsarchive.net/trutt/GilbertBooks/GeorgeGrossmithSongs1.pdf"><i>George Grossmith Songs and Sketches</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Los Angeles: David Trutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Grossmith+Songs+and+Sketches&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=David+Trutt&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George%2C+ed.+David+Trutt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsarchive.net%2Ftrutt%2FGilbertBooks%2FGeorgeGrossmithSongs1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grossmith was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Green" title="Martyn Green">Martyn Green</a> in the 1953 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan">The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Savage_(actor)" title="Martin Savage (actor)">Martin Savage</a> in the 1999 film <i><a href="/wiki/Topsy-Turvy" title="Topsy-Turvy">Topsy-Turvy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon Butteriss portrayed Grossmith in the 2006 television documentary <i>A Salaried Wit: Grossmith, Gilbert and Sullivan</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the five-part 2015 <i><a href="/wiki/15_Minute_Drama" title="15 Minute Drama">15 Minute Drama</a></i> "I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General" on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Butteriss also presents a documentary about Grossmith as a bonus disc to the 2010 Sky Arts DVD set, <i>A Motley Pair</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Grossmith's songs have been recorded by baritone Leon Berger.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John Reed played Grossmith in <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Morrow" title="Melvyn Morrow">Melvyn Morrow</a>'s one-man biographical musical <i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_to_Sing,_O" title="A Song to Sing, O">A Song to Sing, O</a></i> at the Savoy Theatre in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same role was later played in Australia by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Warlow" title="Anthony Warlow">Anthony Warlow</a> in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Olsen_(actor)" title="Dennis Olsen (actor)">Dennis Olsen</a> in 1991<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by Butteriss at the <a href="/wiki/International_Gilbert_and_Sullivan_Festival" title="International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival">International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton">Buxton</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Joseph-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joseph_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33590">Joseph, Tony. "Grossmith, George (1847–1912)" in <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press (2004)</a>, accessed 21 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GG_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GG_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GG_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), chapter II</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph, pp. 26–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), chapter III</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith's obituary in <i>The Times</i>, 2 March 1912</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossmith6-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith6_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), Chapter VI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossmith4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith4_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), Chapter IV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brightbytes.com/collection/music.html">Cover art of the sheet music, from "Images of Photographers" website (2005, Bright Bytes Studio)</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mrs Howard Paul left her husband (Howard Paul, 1830–1905) around 1877, as he was having an affair with the actress-dancer <a href="/wiki/Letty_Lind" title="Letty Lind">Letty Lind</a>, by whom he fathered two illegitimate children. However, Mrs Paul continued performing under this name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beauties-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beauties_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beauties_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beauties_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beauties_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/companions/beauties/index.html">Information about <i>Beauties on the Beach</i> and some other Grossmith sketches</a>, accessed 28 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhoWas-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoWas_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/whowaswho/G/GrossmithGeorge.htm">Stone, David. "George Grossmith" at the <i>Who Was Who in the D'Oyly Carte</i> website</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moss-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moss_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moss_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moss, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c20th.com/GSarchive.htm">Archive of G&S memorabilia</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, pp. 396–397</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossmith5-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith5_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossmith5_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), Chapter V</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith, George. "Sir Arthur Sullivan", <i>The Pall Mall Magazine</i>, vol. 23, no. 94 (February 1901), p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), Chapter VII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=penNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA256">"Sir Arthur Sullivan: A Personal Reminiscence"</a>. <i>The Pall Mall</i> magazine, Volume 23, pp. 250–60, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1901</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinafore.www3.50megs.com/g-grossmith.html">Grossmith profile at the <i>Memories of the D'Oyly Carte</i> website</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ainger, p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ainger, p. 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ayre137-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ayre137_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ayre137_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayre, p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources vary on what the illness was. Lytton wrote in his memoir that the diagnosis was <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> reported, "It is feared that a severe cold, caught on Friday [28 January], has turned to inflammation" ("News in Brief", <i>The Times</i>, 2 February 1887, p. 10). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pall_Mall_Gazette" title="The Pall Mall Gazette">The Pall Mall Gazette</a></i>, quoting Grossmith's wife, called it "a chilled liver and thorough disorganization of the digestive organs" ("The Illness of Mr Grossmith<i>, </i>The Pall Mall Gazette<i>, 3 February 1887, p. 8).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1887/02/13/103136595.pdf">"Old World News by Cable"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, February 13, 1887, accessed 1 October 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 18 February 1887, p. 12, col. B</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/books/lytton_secrets/ch3.html">Lytton, Henry. <i>Secrets of a Savoyard</i>, chapter 3, describing Lytton's substitution for Grossmith as Robin in <i>Ruddigore</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216191346/http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/books/lytton_secrets/ch3.html">Archived</a> 16 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peopleplayuk.org.uk/collections/object.php?object_id=1402&back=%2Fguided_tours%2Fmusicals_tour%2Ffirst_musicals%2Fmusical_comedy.php%3F">PeoplePlay website, quoting <i>The Daily Telegraph</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310200541/http://www.peopleplayuk.org.uk/collections/object.php?object_id=1402&back=%2Fguided_tours%2Fmusicals_tour%2Ffirst_musicals%2Fmusical_comedy.php%3F">Archived</a> 10 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crutches-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crutches_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crutches_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/iolanthe/html/times83.html">"Savoy Theatre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617155733/http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/iolanthe/html/times83.html">Archived</a> 17 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Times</i>, 17 February 1883, <i>republished</i> at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, accessed 4 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith (1888), p. Chapter VI, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearson, Hesketh. <i>Gilbert and Sullivan: A Biography</i> (1935), p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen 1975, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith, quoted in Wells, Walter J. <i>Souvenir of Arthur Sullivan</i>. London: George Newnes, 1901</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berger-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berger_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berger_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berger_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berger_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berger_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berger, Leon. "George Grossmith" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, Macmillan, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savoyoperas.org.uk/people/gg.html">Review of Grossmith's work that mentions <i>The Great Tay-Kin</i></a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/museum/pinafore/prog_r1/page4.htm">Programme</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> from the first revival of <i>Pinafore</i> in 1887, with <i>Homburg or Haunted by The Mikado</i> as the afterpiece, The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (UK)">The Daily News</a></i>, 19 August 1889, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c20th.com/GSarchive.htm">Simon Moss website, which includes images of 1896, 1900 and 1903 programmes describing performances of sketches and entertainments by Grossmith</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 552</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 554</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossmith, George. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Nobody" title="The Diary of a Nobody">The Diary of a Nobody</a></i>, Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1892</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0058015/"><i>Diary of a Nobody (1964)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> accessed 21 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078599/"><i>Diary of a Nobody (1979)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> accessed 21 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/diary-nobody.shtml">Grossmith, George and Grossmith, Weedon. <i>Diary of a Nobody</i> (2007) (BBC website)</a>, accessed 21 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who's Who in the Theatre</i>, First Edition, London, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, 1912, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackett-Ord, Carol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/personextended?linkid=mp01928&tab=biography">"George Grossmith (1847–1912), Entertainer and author"</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a>, accessed 28 September 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, pp. 40–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divine-art.com/">Information from the Divine-Art website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060705163144/http://www.divine-art.com/">Archived</a> 5 July 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shepherd, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/art_g.htm">Author index</a>, Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, accessed 20 November 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chandler, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retrospectopera.org.uk/CD_catalogue.html">"<i>Pickwick</i> by Burnand & Solomon and <i>Cups and Saucers</i> by George Grossmith"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013172154/http://www.retrospectopera.org.uk/CD_catalogue.html">Archived</a> 13 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrospect Opera, 2016, accessed 13 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shepherd, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/greatgns.htm"><i>The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan</i></a>, Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, 21 October 2001, accessed 5 January 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shepherd, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/mdtopsy.htm">"<i>Topsy-Turvy</i> (1999)"</a>, Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, 6 March 2009, accessed 5 January 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemaparadiso.co.uk/rentals/a-salaried-wit-grossmith-gilbert-and-sullivan-174870.html">"<i>A Salaried Wit: Grossmith, Gilbert and Sullivan</i> (2006)"</a>, Cinema Paradiso, accessed 5 January 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06s871b">"I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General"</a>, BBC, accessed 5 January 2016; later combined into an omnibus version <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06srwzt">"I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General – Omnibus"</a>, BBC, accessed 5 January 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2011/Feb11/gilbert_sullivan_cap107.htm">this review</a> at MusicWeb International, accessed 4 February 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/ms_berger.htm">Reviews of Berger's recordings of Grossmith songs (G&S Discography)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312051656/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/ms_berger.htm">Archived</a> 12 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Chaillet" title="Ned Chaillet">Chaillet, Ned</a>. "<i>A Song to Sing, O</i>: Savoy", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 15 April 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/bios/viewstar.cfm?starid=191">Warlow biography at Broadwayworld.com</a>, accessed 9 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.davidspicer.com.au/shows/song-sing-o">"A Song to Sing, O!"</a>, David Spicer Productions, accessed 13 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisle, Nicola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1310124.nightmare-dream-come-true">"A nightmare that’s a dream come true"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Mail" title="Oxford Mail">Oxford Mail</a></i>, 5 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.origintheatrical.com.au/author/3547">"Melvyn Morrow"</a>, OriginTheatrical.com, accessed 14 January 2023</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAinger2002" class="citation book cs1">Ainger, Michael (2002). <i>Gilbert and Sullivan – A Dual Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514769-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514769-3"><bdi>0-19-514769-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gilbert+and+Sullivan+%E2%80%93+A+Dual+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-514769-3&rft.aulast=Ainger&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1975" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Reginald (1975). <i>The First Night Gilbert and Sullivan, Centennial Edition</i>. London: Chappell & Co. Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Night+Gilbert+and+Sullivan%2C+Centennial+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chappell+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyre1972" class="citation book cs1">Ayre, Leslie (1972). <i>The Gilbert & Sullivan Companion</i>. London: W.H. Allen & Co Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-396-06634-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-396-06634-8"><bdi>0-396-06634-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gilbert+%26+Sullivan+Companion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.H.+Allen+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-396-06634-8&rft.aulast=Ayre&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Banfield, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MaLQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA549&vq=George+Grossmith&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1">"Mr. George Grossmith"</a>, <i>Cassell's Family Magazine</i> (1896), pp. 549–56</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald1888" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Percy Hetherington (1888). <i>Chronicles of Bow Street Police-office, 2 vols</i>. London: Chapman and Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicles+of+Bow+Street+Police-office%2C+2+vols.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Percy+Hetherington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith1888" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, George (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsarchive.net/books/grossmith/index.html"><i>A Society Clown: Reminiscences</i></a>. Bristol/London: Arrowsmith.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Society+Clown%3A+Reminiscences&rft.place=Bristol%2FLondon&rft.pub=Arrowsmith&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsarchive.net%2Fbooks%2Fgrossmith%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span> Accessed 9 March 2008</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmith1913" class="citation book cs1">Grossmith, Weedon (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromstudiotosta01grosgoog"><i>From Studio to Stage</i></a>. London; New York: John Lane Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Studio+to+Stage&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=John+Lane+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Grossmith&rft.aufirst=Weedon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromstudiotosta01grosgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Johnson, Jan-Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726051655/http://www.geocities.com/the_gaiety/biblio.html">"Discovering George Grossmith in Folkestone"</a>, <i>The Gaiety</i>, Spring 2005, pp. 37–43. Editor: Roderick Murray, accessed 9 March 2008</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph1982" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Tony (1982). <i>George Grossmith: Biography of a Savoyard</i>. Bristol: Tony Joseph. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9507992-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9507992-0-3"><bdi>0-9507992-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Grossmith%3A+Biography+of+a+Savoyard&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Tony+Joseph&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-9507992-0-3&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1925" class="citation book cs1">Parker, John, ed. (1925). <i>Who's Who in the Theatre</i> (fifth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10013159">10013159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+the+Theatre&rft.place=London&rft.edition=fifth&rft.pub=Sir+Isaac+Pitman+and+Sons&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10013159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2015" class="citation book cs1">Wade, Stephen (2015). <i>A Victorian Somebody – The Life of George Grossmith</i>. Gosport: Chaplin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909183-70-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909183-70-4"><bdi>978-1-909183-70-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Victorian+Somebody+%E2%80%93+The+Life+of+George+Grossmith&rft.place=Gosport&rft.pub=Chaplin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-909183-70-4&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grossmith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article about <span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grossmith,_George" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grossmith, George">George Grossmith</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903092508/http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/gallery/grosmith.html">Photo and list of Grossmith's Savoy roles (G&S Archive)</a></li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Grossmith,_George" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Grossmith, George">Free scores by George Grossmith</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/434c0045-ddde-433b-bece-74a82c4a7d2c">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/844363">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035222468">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z611k0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&oldid=1255292550">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grossmith&oldid=1255292550</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1847_births" title="Category:1847 births">1847 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_deaths" title="Category:1912 deaths">1912 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_English_comedians" 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