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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomorphogenesis" title="Photomorphogenesis – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Photomorphogenesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfog%C3%A9nesis" title="Fotomorfogénesis – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fotomorfogénesis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ریخت‌زایی نوری – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" 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japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="光形態形成" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="광형태형성 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광형태형성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfo%C4%A3en%C4%93ze" title="Fotomorfoģenēze – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fotomorfoģenēze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfogeneza" title="Fotomorfogeneza – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fotomorfogeneza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfog%C3%A9nese" title="Fotomorfogénese – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fotomorfogénese" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Фотоморфогенез – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фотоморфогенез" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Argi" title="Argi">argiak</a> eragindako fenomenoen multzoa da, <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landareen</a> forma eta kolorea aldatzen dituena. <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a>-kantitate txikiak erabiltzen ditu </p><p>Energia-kantitate txikiak erabiltzen ditu <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi" title="Fotosintesi">fotosintesiaren</a> aldean, argiak seinale-funtzioa baitu energia-iturriaren ordez. </p><p>Landareek argiaren kantitatea, kalitatea, norabidea eta maiztasuna neurtzen dituzte 3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotorrezeptore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotorrezeptore (sortu gabe)">fotorrezeptore</a>-familiarekin: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fitokromo" title="Fitokromo">Fitokromoak</a></b>, urrutiko argi gorri/gorriarekiko sentikorrak;</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fototropismo" title="Fototropismo">Fototropinak</a></b>, argi urdinarekiko sentikorrak;</li> <li><b>Kriptokromak</b>, argi urdinarekiko sentikorrak eta ultramoreak.</li></ul> <p>Hauek dira eragindako fenomenoak: </p> <ul><li>Fotorrezeptore batek uhin-luzera jakin bateko <a href="/wiki/Erradiazio" title="Erradiazio">erradiazioa</a> xurgatzea,</li> <li>Fotorrezeptore horren aldaketa (aktibazioa),</li> <li>Fotorrezeptore aldatuaren oinarrizko ekintza,</li> <li>Behatutako efektua eragiten duten transdukzio-katearen etapak.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fitokromak">Fitokromak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fitokromak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Fitokromak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fitokromo" title="Fitokromo">Fitokromoek</a> landareen garapenaren ia fase guztiak erregulatzen dituzte: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernetze" title="Ernetze">Ernetzea</a>,</li> <li>Landarearen arkitektura helduaroan,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klorofila" title="Klorofila">Klorofila</a>-<a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi" title="Fotosintesi">sintesia</a>,</li> <li>Itzala saihestea: itzalean jasotako argi gorri urrunak zurtoinak hazten laguntzen du, hostoen tamainaren kaltetan.</li> <li>Loraketaren indukzioa: fitokromoa egunaren iraupenaren araberakoa da, eta horrek eragina du landareen loraketan.</li></ul> <p>Jasotako argi gorri eta <a href="/wiki/Infragorri" title="Infragorri">infragorrien</a> proportzioa neurtzeko aukera ematen dute fitokromoek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fototropinak">Fototropinak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fototropinak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fototropinak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fototropinen jatorria: </p> <ul><li>Landarea argirantz orientatzea (<a href="/wiki/Fototropismo" title="Fototropismo">fototropismoa</a>);</li> <li>Jasotako argi-kantitatera egokitzea, zelulan kloroplastoak mugiaraziz, argi ahul bat hartzeko zabaltzen direnak edo gehiegizko argia saihesteko pilatzen direnak;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoma" title="Estoma">Estomak</a> irekitzea.</li></ul> <p>Fototropina 390 nm-ko argi urdinaren eraginpean jartzen denean tolesten den molekula bat da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kriptokromak">Kriptokromak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kriptokromak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kriptokromak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kriptokromek bereziki arautzen dituzte: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zurtoin" title="Zurtoin">Zurtoinen</a> elongazioa,</li> <li>Hostoen hedapena,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antozianina" title="Antozianina">Antozianinaren</a> sintesia,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratze" class="mw-redirect" title="Loratze">Loratzea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklo_zirkadiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziklo zirkadiano">Ziklo zirkadianoari</a> eustea landareetan eta animalietan (baita gizakietan ere).</li></ul> <p>Kriptokromak argi <a href="/wiki/Urdin" title="Urdin">urdinaren</a> (400-490 nm) eta <a href="/wiki/Ultramore" title="Ultramore">ultramorearen</a> (UV-A, 315-380 nm) fotorrezeptoreak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aldizkaria.elhuyar.eus/site_media/pdf/A31_O53-58_1.pdf">landareen argiztapen artifiziala</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfontso_Mujika" title="Alfontso Mujika">Alfontso Mujika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elhuyar_aldizkaria" title="Elhuyar aldizkaria">Elhuyar aldizkaria</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotomorfogenesi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span 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