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method="get" class="search-form" action="https://hangingtogether.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="#" class="navbutton" id="main-nav-button">Main Menu</a> <div class="responsive-mainnav"></div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="hm-container"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-5140" class="hitmag-single post-5140 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-archives category-digital-preservation category-web-archiving tag-web-archiving"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="cat-links"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/archives/" rel="category tag">Archives and Special Collections</a> / <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/digital-preservation/" rel="category tag">Digital Preservation</a> / <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/web-archiving/" rel="category tag">Web Archiving</a></div><h1 class="entry-title">Going, going, gone: The imperative for archiving the web</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/going-going-gone-the-imperative-for-archiving-the-web/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2015-04-22T17:55:15-07:00">April 22, 2015</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-09-04T11:20:06-07:00">September 4, 2020</time></a></span><span class="meta-sep"> - </span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://hangingtogether.org/author/jackie/">Jackie Dooley</a></span></span><span class="meta-sep"> - </span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/going-going-gone-the-imperative-for-archiving-the-web/#comments">2 Comments.</a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <figure id="attachment_5181" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5181" style="width: 224px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/keepsakes/id/324"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-5181" src="http://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Gavel_used_by_Interdormitory_Council_UNC_1950s_side.jpg" alt="Gavel, University of North Carolina" width="224" height="140" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-5181" class="wp-caption-text">Gavel, University of North Carolina</figcaption></figure> <p>We all know that over the past 30+ years the World Wide Web has become an indispensable tool (understatement!) for disseminating聽information, extending聽the reputations聽of organizations and聽businesses, enabling Betty聽the聽Blogger聽to establish an international reputation, and ruining dinner table debate by providing the answer to every conceivable question. It has caused a聽<a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/british/sea-change" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">sea change</a> in how humans communicate and learn. Some types of content are new, but聽huge quantities of material once published聽in print are now issued only in bytes. For example, if you’re a university archivist, you know that yesterday’s endless flood聽of high-use content such as graduate program brochures, course listings, departmental newsletters, and campus information dried up a decade or more ago. If you’re a public policy librarian, you know that the enormously important “grey literature” once distributed as pamphlets is now only mostly on the web. Government information? It’s almost all e-only. In addition, the scope of the聽<a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2014/oclcresearch-evolving-scholarly-record-2014-overview.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scholarly record</a> is evolving聽to embrace new types of content, much of which is also web-only. Without periodic harvesting聽of the websites that host all this information, the聽content is gone, gone, gone. In general, we’ve been very slow to respond to this imperative. Failure to adequately preserve the web is at the heart of聽the聽<a href="http://liswiki.org/wiki/Digital_Dark_Ages" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Digital Dark Ages</a>.</p> <p>The Internet Archive’s astonishing聽<a href="http://archive.org/web/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wayback Machine</a> has been archiving the web since the mid-1990s, but its content is far from being complete or reliable, and searching is possible only by URL. In some countries, such as the U.K. and New Zealand, the national library or archives is charged with harvesting the country’s entire web domain, and they struggle to fulfill this charge. In the U.S., some archives and libraries have been harvesting websites for a number of聽years,聽but few have been able to do so at scale. Many others have yet to dip聽their toes in the water. Why do so many of us聽lack a sense of urgency about preserving all this content? Well, for one thing,聽web archiving is rife with challenges.</p> <p>Within the past week <a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/people/erway.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ricky</a>, <a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/people/massie.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dennis</a>, and I hosted two Webex聽conversations with members of our <a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/partnership.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">OCLC Research Library Partnership</a> to surface some of聽the issues聽that are top-of-mind for our colleagues. Our objective was to learn whether there are聽shared problems that make sense for us to聽work on together to identify community-based solutions. All told, more than sixty people came along for the ride, which immediately suggested that we had聽touched a nerve.聽In promoting the sessions, we posited ten broad聽issues and asked registrants to vote for their top three. The results of this informal poll gave us a good jumping-off point.聽Master synthesizer Ricky categorized the issues and counted the aggregate votes for each: capture (37), description (41), and use (61). (I confess to having been glad to see use come out on top.)</p> <p>OK, take a guess … what was the #1聽issue? Not surprisingly …聽metadata guidelines! As with any type of cataloging, no one wants to have to invent the wheel聽themselves. Guidelines do <a href="http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/bibco/documents/irman.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">exist</a>, but they don’t meet the needs of all institutions. #2:聽Increase access to archived websites. Many sites are archived but are not then聽made accessible, for a variety of good reasons. #3:聽Ensure capture of your institution’s own output. If you’re worried about this one, you should be. #4:聽Measure access to archived websites. Hard to do. Do you have an analytics tool that can ever do what you really want it to?</p> <p>Other challenges received聽some votes: getting descriptions of websites into local catalogs and WorldCat, establishing best practices for quality assurance of crawls, collaborating on selection of sites, and increasing discovery through Google and other search engines (we were a tad mystified about why this last one didn’t get more votes). Some folks offered up their own issues, such as capture of file formats other than HTML, providing access in a less siloed way, improving the end-user experience, sustaining a program in the face of minimal resources, and developing convincing聽use cases.</p> <p>When we were done, Ricky聽whipped out a list of her chief off-the-cuff takeaways, to whit:</p> <ul> <li>We need strong use cases to convince resource allocators聽that this work is mission-critical.</li> <li>Let’s collaborate on selection so we don’t duplicate each others’ work.</li> <li>Awareness of archived websites is low across our user communities: let’s fix that.</li> <li>In developing metadata guidelines, we should聽bridge the differing approaches聽of the library and archival communities.</li> <li>We need meaningful聽use metrics.</li> <li>We need to know how users are navigating aggregations of archived sites and what they want to do with the content.</li> <li>Non-HTML file formats are the big capture challenge.</li> </ul> <p>Our Webex conversations were lively and far ranging. Because we emphasized that we needed聽experienced practitioners at the table, we learned that even the experts responsible for large-scale聽harvesting struggle in various ways. Use issues loomed large: no one tried to claim聽that archived websites are easy to locate, comprehend, or use. Legal issues are sometimes complex depending on the sites being crawled. Much like ill-behaved serials, websites change title, move, split, and disappear without warning. Cataloging at the site or document level isn’t feasible if, like the British Library, you crawl literally millions of sites. Tools for analytics are too simplistic for answering the important questions about use and users.</p> <p>Collecting, preserving, and providing access to indispensible聽informational, cultural, and scholarly content has always been our shared mission. The web is where today’s聽content is. Let’s scale up our response before we lose more decades of human history.</p> <p>What are your own web archiving challenges? Let us know by submitting a comment below,聽or get in touch by聽whatever means聽you prefer so we can add your voice to the conversation. We’re listening.</p> <div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab saboxplugin-tab-about"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d43a5251f9d61b0cfaaab1a0f568ee2c?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d43a5251f9d61b0cfaaab1a0f568ee2c?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' itemprop="image"/></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/author/jackie/" class="vcard author" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="fn" itemprop="name">Jackie Dooley</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p>Jackie Dooley retired in from OCLC in 2018. 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background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/whatsapp.png" style="width: 35px;" title="whatsapp" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on whatsapp" /><div title="Whatsapp" class="ssbp-text">Whatsapp</div></a><a data-site="email" class="ssba_email_share ssba_share_link" href="mailto:?subject=Going, going, gone: The imperative for archiving the web&body=https://hangingtogether.org/going-going-gone-the-imperative-for-archiving-the-web/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/email.png" style="width: 35px;" title="email" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on email" /><div title="Email" class="ssbp-text">Email</div></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer> </article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h3 class="comments-title"> 2 Comments on “Going, going, gone: The imperative for archiving the web” </h3> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-136334" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-136334" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/21519518080669d65b0d80e908ba4540?s=50&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/21519518080669d65b0d80e908ba4540?s=100&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn">michael neubert</b> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/going-going-gone-the-imperative-for-archiving-the-web/#comment-136334"><time datetime="2015-05-12T11:00:32-07:00">May 12, 2015 at 11:00 am</time></a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Many good points. “We need strong use cases to convince resource allocators that this work is mission-critical.” – this is true; I would argue strong use cases for web archiving are important in order to structure almost all aspects of an institution’s web archiving collecting efforts and the presentation of the results, and inform what kinds of collections should be developed. Web archiving is generally seen as less nuanced than it now is, which leads to overly simplified discussion of what can and should be done.</p> </div> </article> </li> <li id="comment-136328" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-136328" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/93ee76078eaad5d4f7112bfe00226b50?s=50&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/93ee76078eaad5d4f7112bfe00226b50?s=100&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn">Shailen Karur</b> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/going-going-gone-the-imperative-for-archiving-the-web/#comment-136328"><time datetime="2015-04-23T15:58:58-07:00">April 23, 2015 at 3:58 pm</time></a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Preserving for progeny is an admirable exercise The spoken word is saved by the written one; the motifs in communication also include the unspoken and the spoken-in-song. While non-textual content is a bit more challenging in garnering, human experiences in sound and light arguably stand out as worthy of preserving.<br /> This process of preservation would be well served by a theory of knowledge and its ontological significance in supporting a more accurate classification as a starting point for organizing of the multimedia content and the frequency with which updates (incremental) need to be made for continuous capture to end up with its arms around the content as its primary goal.<br /> Because “it takes considerable knowledge to realize the extent of one’s own ignorance” – Thomas Sewell</p> </div> </article> </li> </ol> <p class="no-comments">Comments are closed.</p> </div> </main> </div> <aside id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <section id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h4 class="widget-title">OCLC Research</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="sidebarcallout"> Hanging Together is the blog of OCLC Research. 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