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id="toc-Family_and_marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family and marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dates of rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Roosevelt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="جیمز روزولت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز روزولت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Roosevelt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Roosevelt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="جیمز روزولت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز روزولت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt_(politico)" title="James Roosevelt (politico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Roosevelt (politico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AA" title="جيمس روزفلت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس روزفلت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ジェームズ・ルーズベルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ルーズベルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Roosevelt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American general, businessman, and politician (1907–1991)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named James Roosevelt, see <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="James Roosevelt (disambiguation)">James Roosevelt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Roosevelt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg/220px-James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg/330px-James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg/440px-James_Roosevelt_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Roosevelt in 1962</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s <span data-sort-value="California26 !"><a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="California's 26th congressional district">26th</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1955 – September 30, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Rees" title="Thomas M. Rees">Thomas M. Rees</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <br /><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California Democratic Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 21, 1946 – August 8, 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Secretary to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1937 – November 1938</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_McHenry_Howe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis McHenry Howe">Louis McHenry Howe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._McIntyre" title="Marvin H. McIntyre">Marvin H. McIntyre</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Roosevelt II</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-12-23</span>)</span>December 23, 1907<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 13, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-08-13)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Betsey_Cushing_Roosevelt_Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney">Betsey Maria Cushing</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1930; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1940)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Romelle Theresa Schneider</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1941; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1955)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Gladys Irene Kitchenmaster Owens</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1956; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Mary Winskill</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1969)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Sara_Wilford" title="Sara Wilford">Sara Delano Roosevelt</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_(lawyer)" title="James Roosevelt (lawyer)">James Roosevelt III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Anna Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Roosevelt family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Law" title="Boston University School of Law">Boston University</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/20px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/30px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/40px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">2nd Raider Battalion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">4th Raider Battalion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Battle of Makin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross" title="Navy Cross">Navy Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Roosevelt II</b><sup id="cite_ref-time_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991) was an American businessman, Marine, activist, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> politician. The eldest son of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a>, he served as an official <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Secretary to the President</a> for his father and was later elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> representing <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, serving 5 terms from 1955 to 1965. He received the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross" title="Navy Cross">Navy Cross</a> while serving as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> officer during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roosevelt was born at 123 East 36th Street in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. He was named after <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_I" title="James Roosevelt I">James Roosevelt I</a>, his paternal grandfather. He attended the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_School_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Potomac School (McLean, Virginia)">Potomac School</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_School_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)">St. Albans School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Groton_School" title="Groton School">Groton School</a> in Massachusetts. At Groton, he rowed, played football, and was a <a href="/wiki/Prefect#Academic" title="Prefect">prefect</a> in his senior year. After graduating in 1926, he attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, where he rowed with the freshman and junior varsity crews. At Harvard, he followed family traditions in joining the <a href="/wiki/Signet_Society" title="Signet Society">Signet Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hasty_Pudding_Club" title="Hasty Pudding Club">Hasty Pudding Club</a>, of which both his father and his maternal granduncle and paternal fifth cousin once removed, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, had been members, the <a href="/wiki/Fly_Club" title="Fly Club">Fly Club</a>, which his father had joined, and the <a href="/wiki/Hasty_Pudding_Club" title="Hasty Pudding Club">Institute of the 1770</a>. He graduated from Harvard in 1930 and was elected permanent treasurer of his class.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduation, Roosevelt enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Law" title="Boston University School of Law">Boston University School of Law</a>. He also took a sales job with the firm of Victor De Gerard of Boston in 1930, remaining with that firm when it amalgamated with the John Paulding Meade Company which, in turn, amalgamated with O'Brion, Russell and Company in 1932. Roosevelt abandoned his law studies within a year due to his success at the firm. In 1932, he started his own insurance agency, Roosevelt & Sargent, in partnership with John A. Sargent. As president of Roosevelt & Sargent he made a substantial fortune (about $500,000 or more than $9 million in 2018 dollars). He resigned from the firm in 1937, when he officially went to work at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, but retained his half-ownership. </p><p>Roosevelt was elected a director of Boston Metropolitan Buildings, Inc. in 1933. He also served briefly as president of the National Grain Yeast Corporation from May to November 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-ModMerc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModMerc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_the_White_House">Politics and the White House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics and the White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg/220px-Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg/330px-Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg/440px-Roosevelt_and_Son_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Roosevelt with his father in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>Roosevelt attended the <a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 Democratic National Convention</a> where he served, in his words, as his father's "page and prop". In 1928, he and some Harvard classmates campaigned for Democratic presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a>. In 1932, he headed his father's Massachusetts campaign and made about two hundred campaign speeches for that year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Though FDR lost the Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Democratic primary</a> to Smith, he easily carried Massachusetts in the <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">November election</a>. Roosevelt was viewed as his father's political deputy in Massachusetts, allocating patronage in alliance with Boston mayor <a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">James Michael Curley</a>. He was also a delegate from Massachusetts to the Constitutional Convention for the repeal of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a> in 1933. </p><p>Roosevelt was a close protege of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> In fall 1933, the two journeyed to England to obtain the market in post-prohibition liquor imports.<sup id="cite_ref-time_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Roosevelt's controversial business ventures were aided by Kennedy, including his maritime insurance interests, and the National Grain Yeast Corp. affair (1933–1935). Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Henry Morgenthau Jr.</a> threatened to resign unless FDR forced his son to leave the latter company, suspected of being a front for <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootlegging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt was instrumental in securing Kennedy's appointment as ambassador to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1936, Presidential Secretary <a href="/wiki/Louis_Howe" title="Louis Howe">Louis Howe</a> died. Roosevelt unofficially assumed Howe's duties.<sup id="cite_ref-ModMerc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModMerc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the 1936 re-election of his father, Roosevelt was given a direct commission as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> in the Marine Corps, which caused public controversy for its obvious political implications. He accompanied his father to the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-American Conference">Inter-American Conference</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> in December as a military aide. On January 6, 1937, he was officially appointed "administrative assistant to the President"; on July 1, 1937, he was appointed secretary to the president.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the White House coordinator for eighteen federal agencies by October 1937. </p><p>Roosevelt was considered among his father's most important counselors. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> magazine suggested he might be considered "Assistant President of the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-ModMerc_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModMerc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1938, there were allegations that Roosevelt had used his political position to steer lucrative business to his insurance firm. He had to publish his income tax returns and denied these allegations in an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> broadcast and an interview in <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s" title="Collier's">Collier's</a></i> magazine. This became known as the <i>Jimmy's Got It</i> affair after <a href="/wiki/Alva_Johnston" title="Alva Johnston">Alva Johnston</a>'s reportage in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Evening Post">Saturday Evening Post</a></i>. Roosevelt resigned from his White House position in November 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hollywood">Hollywood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving the White House in November 1938, Roosevelt moved to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, California">Hollywood, California</a>, where he accepted a job as a $750/week "administrative assistant" (equivalent to an annualized salary of $870,068 in 2024) for motion picture producer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a>. He was on Goldwyn's payroll until November 1940. In 1939, he set up Globe Productions, a company that produced short films for <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade#Penny_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">penny arcades</a>; however, it was liquidated during Roosevelt's active <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> service in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also was the "R" of RCM Productions, Inc., in partnership with songwriter <a href="/wiki/Sam_Coslow" title="Sam Coslow">Sam Coslow</a> and juke box manufacturer Herbert Mills (not to be confused with Herbert Mills of the <a href="/wiki/Mills_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mills Brothers">Mills Brothers</a>, who appeared in some of the company's films) which, like Globe, produced film shorts for the <a href="/wiki/Soundies" class="mw-redirect" title="Soundies">Soundies</a> movie juke boxes. In addition, Roosevelt produced <i><a href="/wiki/Pot_o%27_Gold_(film)" title="Pot o' Gold (film)">Pot o' Gold</a></i> and distributed the British film <i><a href="/wiki/Pastor_Hall" title="Pastor Hall">Pastor Hall</a></i>. </p><p>During his Hollywood period, Roosevelt became involved with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Schenck">Joseph Schenck</a>, a movie mogul who was later caught participating in a payoff scheme that was intended to buy peace with movie industry labor unions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, Schenck pleaded guilty to one count of perjury and spent four months in prison before being paroled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1945, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> granted Schenck a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_pardon" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential pardon">presidential pardon</a>, a fact which did not become known to the public until 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Roosevelt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chest high portrait wearing a helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt.jpg/225px-James_Roosevelt.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt.jpg/338px-James_Roosevelt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/James_Roosevelt.jpg/450px-James_Roosevelt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Roosevelt as a Marine Corps lieutenant colonel in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out in Europe in September 1939; the following month Roosevelt resigned the Marine commission as a lieutenant colonel that he had received in 1936 when serving as his father's military aide and accepted a commission as a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">Marine Corps Reserve</a> so that he could enter active duty, which he did in November 1940. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg/220px-%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg/330px-%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg/440px-%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_-_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98-JNF012573.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>James Roosevelt visiting <a href="/wiki/Degania_Alef" title="Degania Alef">Degania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1941, his father sent him on a secret, world-circling diplomatic mission to assure numerous governments that the United States would soon be in the war. The leaders contacted included <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> in China, <a href="/wiki/King_Farouk" class="mw-redirect" title="King Farouk">King Farouk</a> in Egypt, and <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">King George of Greece</a>. During this trip, Roosevelt came under German air attack in both <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. In the African/Middle Eastern portions of the mission, he traveled with Britain's <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Bathurst</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>. They reported on trans-African air ferry conditions, an important concern of FDR and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WhosWhoUSMC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhosWhoUSMC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, Roosevelt joined the staff of <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>, coordinator of information, with the job of working out the exchange of information with other agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a> on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt was seated next to his father when the President delivered his <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Infamy_speech" title="Day of Infamy speech">Day of Infamy speech</a>. He requested assignment to combat duty and was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">Marine Raiders</a> in January 1942, a new Marine Corps commando force, and became second-in-command of the 2nd Raider Battalion under <a href="/wiki/Evans_Carlson" title="Evans Carlson">Evans Carlson</a> (<i>Carlson's Raiders</i>) whom Roosevelt knew when Carlson commanded the Marine detachment at the <a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs,_Georgia" title="Warm Springs, Georgia">Warm Springs, Georgia</a>, residence of his father. Roosevelt's influence helped win presidential backing for the Raiders—influenced by the British Commandos—which were opposed by Marine Corps traditionalists. </p><p>Despite occasionally debilitating health problems, Roosevelt served with the 2nd Raiders at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Midway</a> in early June 1942 and in the <a href="/wiki/Makin_Island_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Makin Island raid">Makin Island raid</a> on August 17–18, 1942, where he and 22 others were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Cross (United States)">Navy Cross</a>. In October, he was given command of the new 4th Raiders, but during training for an upcoming combat operation he became ill enough to be hospitalized by February 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in August 1943, he served in various staff positions for the duration of the war. He was attached to and landed with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army's</a> 165th Regimental Combat Team, <a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Infantry Division (United States)">27th infantry Division</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">invasion of Makin</a> on November 20–23 and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a> by the army.<sup id="cite_ref-ww2gyrene.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww2gyrene.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to colonel on April 13, 1944. He was released from active duty in August 1945 and was placed on the inactive list in October 1945. That same month he became a Compatriot of the Empire State Society of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>. </p><p>Roosevelt remained an inactive member of the Marine Corps Reserve until October 1, 1959, when he received a final promotion to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> upon fully retiring from the service.<sup id="cite_ref-WhosWhoUSMC_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhosWhoUSMC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">flat feet</a>, he was allowed to wear sneakers while other Marines were required to wear boots.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_awards">Military awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roosevelt's military decorations and awards include: </p> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg/106px-Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg/159px-Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg/212px-Navy_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; 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width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; 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width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg/106px-Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg/159px-Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg/212px-Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phliber_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/106px-Phliber_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/159px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/212px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Cross (United States)">Navy Cross</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Star Medal">Silver Star Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> <br />w/ <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">service star</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> <br />w/ four <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">service stars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II Victory Medal (United States)">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Reserve_Ribbon" title="Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon">Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon</a> <br />w/ <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">service star</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Liberation_Medal" title="Philippine Liberation Medal">Philippine Liberation Medal</a> <br />w/ <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">service star</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navy_Cross_citation">Navy Cross citation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Navy Cross citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>The Navy Cross is presented to James Roosevelt, Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service as second in command of the Second Marine Raider Battalion against enemy Japanese armed forces on Makin island. Risking his own life over and above the ordinary call of duty, Major Roosevelt continually exposed himself to intense machine-gun and sniper fire to ensure effective control of operations from the command post. As a result of his successful maintenance of communications with his supporting vessels, two enemy surface ships, whose presence was reported, were destroyed by gun fire. Later during evacuation, he displayed exemplary courage in personally rescuing three men from drowning in the heavy surf. His gallant conduct and his inspiring devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.<sup id="cite_ref-ww2gyrene.org_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww2gyrene.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>For the President,<br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz" title="Chester W. Nimitz">Chester W. Nimitz</a></i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silver_Star_citation">Silver Star citation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Silver Star citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star (Army Award) to Lieutenant Colonel James R. Roosevelt (MCSN: 0–5477), United States Marine Corps, for gallantry in action at Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands, 20 to 23 November 1943. Attached as an observer to the units of the 27th Infantry Division which effected the landing on Makin Atoll, Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt voluntarily sought out the scenes of the heaviest fighting. Throughout the three-day period, he continually accompanied the leading elements of the assault, exposing himself to constant danger. His calmness under fire and presence among the foremost elements of the attacking force was a source of inspiration to all ranks.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>General Orders: Headquarters, U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area, General Orders No. 55 (1944)(26)</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_stars">Battle stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battle stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LtCol Roosevelt was entitled to campaign participation credit (i.e., the "<a href="/wiki/Service_star#Earlier_service_stars_and_battle_stars" title="Service star">battle stars</a>" worn on the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal) for the following actions:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Battle of Midway, June 3–6, 1942 (Navy P-7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Capture and Defense of Guadalcanal</a>, August 10, 1942 – February 8, 1943 (Navy P-9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makin_Island_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Makin Island raid">Makin Raid</a>, August 17–18, 1942 (Navy P-10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mandates" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mandates">Eastern Mandates</a> November 1943 – January 1944 (Army, for Makin)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_career">Post-war career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-war career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna,_James,_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg/220px-Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg/330px-Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg/440px-Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Anna%2C_James%2C_and_John_Roosevelt_and_Roosevelt_grandchildren_-_NARA_-_196358.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2239" /></a><figcaption>Roosevelt (center) with his family, 1950.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Roosevelt,_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg/220px-James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg/330px-James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg/440px-James_Roosevelt%2C_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="1641" /></a><figcaption>Roosevelt as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> in 1963.</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Roosevelt returned to live in California. He rejoined Roosevelt and Sargent as an executive vice president and established the company's office in Los Angeles. In 1946, he became chairman of the board of Roosevelt and Haines, successor to Roosevelt and Sargent. He later became president of Roosevelt and Company, Inc. </p><p>On July 21, 1946, Roosevelt became chairman of the California State Democratic Central Committee. He also began making daily radio broadcasts of political commentary. Like his brother <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott Roosevelt</a>, Roosevelt was prominent in the movement to draft <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> as the Democratic candidate for president in 1948. When President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a> was renominated instead, Roosevelt stepped down as state chairman on August 8. He remained a Democratic National Committeeman until 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, Roosevelt was the Democratic candidate for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> but lost to Republican incumbent <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> by almost 30% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, Roosevelt was elected U.S. Representative from <a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="California's 26th congressional district">California's 26th congressional district</a>, a heavily Democratic district.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected to five additional terms and served from 1955 to 1965, resigning during his sixth term. Roosevelt was one of the first politicians to denounce the tactics of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>. He was also the only representative to vote against appropriating funds for the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>. </p><p>In April 1965, Roosevelt ran for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles" title="Mayor of Los Angeles">Mayor of Los Angeles</a>, challenging incumbent <a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a>, but lost in the primary.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He resigned from Congress in October 1965, 10 months into his sixth term, when President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> appointed him a delegate to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>). Roosevelt resigned from UNESCO in December 1966 and retired to become an executive of <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Cornfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernie Cornfeld">Bernie Cornfeld</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Investors_Overseas_Service" title="Investors Overseas Service">Investors Overseas Service</a> (IOS) in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roosevelt joined IOS despite the firm's concurrent investigation by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> for numerous irregularities. During the unraveling of IOS, Roosevelt's third wife, Irene Owens, stabbed him "eight times" with his "own Marine combat knife"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while he was preparing divorce proceedings in Geneva in May 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although fugitive financier <a href="/wiki/Robert_Vesco" title="Robert Vesco">Robert Vesco</a> obtained control of IOS from Cornfeld and absconded with approximately $200 million, Roosevelt initially stayed on with the company. He later added: "As soon as I saw the situation for what it was, in 1971, I resigned my position."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, this episode resulted in federal charges being laid against Roosevelt and several others, as well as a Swiss arrest warrant. The charges were later dropped and then he returned to California, settling in <a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport Beach">Newport Beach</a>. </p><p>During this period, he became associated with the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon administration">Nixon administration</a> in several capacities and remained friendly with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having been a liberal Democrat (in the tradition of his parents) for all of his life, Roosevelt joined <a href="/wiki/Democrats_for_Nixon" title="Democrats for Nixon">Democrats for Nixon</a> and publicly supported President Nixon's 1972 re-election<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also supported <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1980<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His writings include <i>Affectionately, FDR</i> (with Sidney Shalett, 1959) and <i>My Parents, a Differing View</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Libby" title="Bill Libby">Bill Libby</a>, 1976). The latter was written in part as a response to his brother Elliot's book <i>An Untold Story</i>, which told of FDR's marital issues and was fiercely repudiated by the other siblings. He authored the novel <i>A Family Matter</i> (with Sam Toperoff, 1979) and edited <i>The Liberal Papers</i>, published in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_controversy">Later controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Later controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s, a non-profit organization established by Roosevelt, the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_to_Preserve_Social_Security_and_Medicare" title="National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare">National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare</a> and its associated <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a>, were investigated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> for questionable money-raising practices and by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Post Office">Post Office</a> for mail fraud. By direct mail, Roosevelt's group solicited contributions from elderly persons by claiming that Social Security and Medicare programs were in financial jeopardy. Roosevelt also urged contributors to order their Social Security statements of earnings from his group (these are free from the government).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_marriages">Family and marriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Family and marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His first marriage was in 1930 to philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Betsey_Cushing_Roosevelt_Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney">Betsey Maria Cushing</a> (1908–1998), the middle daughter of surgeon <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Williams_Cushing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Williams Cushing">Harvey Williams Cushing</a> and Katharine Stone Crowell. They had two daughters, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Wilford" title="Sara Wilford">Sara</a> (1932–2021) and Kate (b. 1936), before divorcing in 1940. His daughter, Kate Roosevelt, married the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a> aide <a href="/wiki/William_Haddad" title="William Haddad">William Haddad</a> and later CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_A._Thomas" title="Franklin A. Thomas">Franklin A. Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married his nurse, Romelle Therese Schneider (1915–2002), the next year. They had three children, <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_(lawyer)" title="James Roosevelt (lawyer)">James</a> (b. 1945), Michael Anthony (b. 1947), and Anna Eleanor "Anne" (b. 1948). They were divorced in 1956. </p><p>In 1956, he married Gladys Irene Owens (1916–1987),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his receptionist, and they had a son together named Hall Delano (called "Del") in 1959. They were divorced in 1969. </p><p>He married his fourth wife, Mary Winskill (b. 1939), teacher to his youngest son Del, in 1969. They had one daughter, Rebecca Mary, in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roosevelt died in <a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>, in 1991 of complications arising from a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>. He was 83 and was the last surviving child of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dates of rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="background:white"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>: 1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/33px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/50px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/66px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain#United_States" title="Captain">Captain</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a>: November 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/80px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a>: June 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a>: April 13, 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/33px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/50px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/66px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a>: October 1, 1959 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roosevelt_Halsted" title="Anna Roosevelt Halsted">Anna Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aspinwall_Roosevelt" title="John Aspinwall Roosevelt">John Aspinwall Roosevelt II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-time-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Thomas (October 21, 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3529756/kennedy-churchill-roosevelt-investment-deal/">"The Secret Boozy Deals of a Kennedy, a Churchill, and a Roosevelt"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papers_FDRlibrary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_FDRlibrary_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/pdfs/findingaids/findingaid_roos_james.pdf">"James Roosevelt Papers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum">Franklin D. Roosevelt Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Roosevelt+Papers&rft.pub=Franklin+D.+Roosevelt+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdrlibrary.marist.edu%2Farchives%2Fpdfs%2Ffindingaids%2Ffindingaid_roos_james.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModMerc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModMerc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModMerc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModMerc_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204105929/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,931070,00.html">"Modern Mercury"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. February 28, 1938. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,931070,00.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Modern+Mercury&rft.date=1938-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C931070%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, J. <i>My Parents</i>, p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, pp. 399–401</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuscio1997" class="citation book cs1">Muscio, Giulana (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShcCbLFdwpoC&pg=PA47"><i>Hollywood's New Deal</i></a>. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-495-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-495-6"><bdi>978-1-56639-495-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+New+Deal&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-495-6&rft.aulast=Muscio&rft.aufirst=Giulana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShcCbLFdwpoC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/joseph-schenck/">"Hollywood Star Walk: Joseph Schenck"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Los Angeles. October 23, 1961<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Star+Walk%3A+Joseph+Schenck&rft.date=1961-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.latimes.com%2Fhollywood%2Fstar-walk%2Fjoseph-schenck%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"Hollywood_Star_Walk:_Joseph_Schenck"">"Hollywood Star Walk: Joseph Schenck"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/75064447/">"Given Pardon"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gazette-Journal" title="Reno Gazette-Journal">Nevada State Journal</a></i>. Reno, NV. Associated Press. January 3, 1947. p. 14 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nevada+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Given+Pardon&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1947-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F75064447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, J., <i>My Parents</i>, pp. 258–265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhosWhoUSMC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWhoUSMC_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWhoUSMC_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103323/https://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Who%27s%20Who/P-R/roosevelt_j.aspx">"Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR (Deceased)"</a>. <i>Who's Who in Marine Corps History</i>. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Who%27s%20Who/P-R/roosevelt_j.aspx">the original</a> on September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Marine+Corps+History&rft.atitle=Brigadier+General+James+Roosevelt%2C+USMCR+%28Deceased%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcu.usmc.mil%2Fhistorydivision%2FPages%2FWho%2527s%2520Who%2FP-R%2Froosevelt_j.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103323/https://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Who%27s%20Who/P-R/roosevelt_j.aspx">"BGen James Roosevelt"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Who%27s%20Who/P-R/roosevelt_j.aspx">the original</a> on September 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BGen+James+Roosevelt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcu.usmc.mil%2Fhistorydivision%2FPages%2FWho%2527s%2520Who%2FP-R%2Froosevelt_j.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ww2gyrene.org-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ww2gyrene.org_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ww2gyrene.org_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2gyrene.org/photoalbum_33.htm">"WW2 Gyrene Photo Album page 33"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2+Gyrene+Photo+Album+page+33&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ww2gyrene.org%2Fphotoalbum_33.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Altobello, Brian <i>Into the Shadows Furious: The Brutal Battle for New Georgia</i>. Novato, California: Presidio Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89141-717-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89141-717-6">0-89141-717-6</a>. p.76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politics-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politics_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=20564">Our Campaigns – Candidate – James Roosevelt</a> Accessed June 13, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, J.: <i>My Parents</i>, pp. 319–320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-11-mn-6321-story.html">"House Fire Victim Found to Be Gladys Roosevelt, 70"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. June 11, 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=House+Fire+Victim+Found+to+Be+Gladys+Roosevelt%2C+70&rft.date=1987-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-06-11-mn-6321-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, J.: <i>My Parents</i>, p. 356</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, pp. 626–628</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19720829&id=mHpYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6470,5688526">"Reading Eagle – Google News Archive Search"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Eagle+%E2%80%93+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1955%26dat%3D19720829%26id%3DmHpYAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6470%2C5688526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en">"Lodi News-Sentinel – Google News Archive Search"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lodi+News-Sentinel+%E2%80%93+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DKBczAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4659%2C7154351%26dq%3Djames-roosevelt%2Bronald-reagan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tMRFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3327,940865&dq=james-roosevelt+reagan&hl=en">"The Telegraph-Herald – Google News Archive Search"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Telegraph-Herald+%E2%80%93+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DtMRFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3327%2C940865%26dq%3Djames-roosevelt%2Breagan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, pp. 661–662</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenblatt, Robert A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-10-me-5709-story.html">"Committee Headed by James Roosevelt Under Investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (March 10, 1987)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2020" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/nyregion/william-haddad-dead.html">"William Haddad, Crusader for Generic Drugs, Dies at 91"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=William+Haddad%2C+Crusader+for+Generic+Drugs%2C+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fnyregion%2Fwilliam-haddad-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/franklin-thomas">"Franklin A. Thomas's Biography"</a>. <i>The HistoryMakers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+HistoryMakers&rft.atitle=Franklin+A.+Thomas%27s+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorymakers.org%2Fbiography%2Ffranklin-thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-11-mn-6321-story.html">"House Fire Victim Found to Be Gladys Roosevelt, 70"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. June 11, 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=House+Fire+Victim+Found+to+Be+Gladys+Roosevelt%2C+70&rft.date=1987-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-06-11-mn-6321-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, J.: <i>My Parents</i>, passim.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Eleanor Roosevelt">Bibliography of Eleanor Roosevelt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Bibliography of Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Roosevelt_J.htm">Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR</a>, <i>Who's Who in Marine Corps History</i>, History Division, United States Marine Corps</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DE133BF937A2575BC0A967958260">New York Times obituary</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000426" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000426">"James Roosevelt (id: R000426)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+Roosevelt+%28id%3A+R000426%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Roosevelt" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 2008-07-08</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060506064957/http://www.mclm.com/tohonor/jroosevelt.html">Brigadier General James Roosevelt, USMCR</a> – Marine Corps Legacy Museum</li> <li>Hansen, Chris. <i>Enfant Terrible: The Times and Schemes of General Elliott Roosevelt.</i> Tucson: Able Baker Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615-66892-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615-66892-5">978-0615-66892-5</a></li> <li>Roosevelt, James. <i>Affectionately, F.D.R.</i> Hearst/Avon Division, New York, 1959. (w. Sidney Shalett) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/774419">774419</a></li> <li>Roosevelt, James. <i>My Parents: A Differing View</i>. Playboy Press, Chicago, 1976. (w. Bill Libby) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0872234762" title="Special:BookSources/0872234762">0872234762</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Roosevelt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Roosevelt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James Roosevelt">James Roosevelt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/">Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0740484/">James Roosevelt</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/findingaids/roosevelt/index.html">Guide to the James Roosevelt Papers, 1941 MS 412</a> held by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/">Special Collection & Archives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018031320/http://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/">Archived</a> October 18, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usna.edu/Library/">Nimitz Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018032323/http://www.usna.edu/Library/">Archived</a> October 18, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usna.edu">United States Naval Academy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160906180027/https://www.usna.edu/">Archived</a> September 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95947">"Longines Chronoscope with James Roosevelt"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8509">James Roosevelt</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/014943">Newspaper clippings about James Roosevelt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California" title="List of United States representatives from California">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="California26 !"><a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="California's 26th congressional district">California's 26th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1955–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Rees" title="Thomas M. Rees">Thomas M. Rees</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <br /> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1950_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 California gubernatorial election">1950</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Graves" title="Richard P. Graves">Richard P. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California_Democratic_Party" title="Template:California Democratic Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California_Democratic_Party" title="Template talk:California Democratic Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California_Democratic_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California Democratic Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="California_Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Angelides" title="Phil Angelides">Angelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Press" title="Bill Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Torres" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Torres">Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Burton" class="mw-redirect" title="John L. Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_C._Bauman" title="Eric C. Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty_Hicks" title="Rusty Hicks">Hicks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_nominees_for_Governor_of_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic nominees for Governor of California (page does not exist)">Gub</a>./Lt. Gub.<br />nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Maguire" title="James G. Maguire">Maguire</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=H._L._Hutchinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. L. Hutchinson (page does not exist)">Hutchinson</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Knight_Lane" title="Franklin Knight Lane">Lane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Isidore_Dockweiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Isidore Dockweiler">Dockweiler</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Arlington_Bell" title="Theodore Arlington Bell">Bell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Toland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas O. Toland">Toland</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Arlington_Bell" title="Theodore Arlington Bell">Bell</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Spellacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy Spellacy (page does not exist)">Spellacy</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin_(American_politician)" title="John Curtin (American politician)">Curtin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jo_V._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Jo V. Snyder">Snyder</a> (1914)</li> <li>None/<a href="/wiki/Jo_V._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Jo V. Snyder">Snyder</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Woolwine" title="Thomas L. Woolwine">Woolwine</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Shearer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Shearer (page does not exist)">Shearer</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Wardell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Wardell (page does not exist)">Wardell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Dunbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles O. Dunbar">Dunbar</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_M._Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton M. Young (page does not exist)">Young</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Ignatius_Welsh" title="Martin Ignatius Welsh">Welsh</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Sinclair</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culbert_Olson" title="Culbert Olson">Olson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ellis_E._Patterson" title="Ellis E. Patterson">Patterson</a> (1938, 1942)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_F._Shelley" title="John F. Shelley">Shelley</a> (1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roosevelt</a>/None (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Graves" title="Richard P. Graves">Graves</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Roybal" title="Edward R. Roybal">Roybal</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">P. Brown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glenn_M._Anderson" title="Glenn M. Anderson">Anderson</a> (1958, 1962, 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_M._Unruh" title="Jesse M. Unruh">Unruh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Alquist" title="Al Alquist">Alquist</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">J. Brown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Dymally" title="Mervyn Dymally">Dymally</a> (1974, 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bradley (American politician)">Bradley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leo_T._McCarthy" title="Leo T. McCarthy">McCarthy</a> (1982, 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Feinstein</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leo_T._McCarthy" title="Leo T. McCarthy">McCarthy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brown" title="Kathleen Brown">K. Brown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis">Davis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis">Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cruz_Bustamante" title="Cruz Bustamante">Bustamante</a> (1998, 2002, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Angelides" title="Phil Angelides">Angelides</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">Garamendi</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">J. Brown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Newsom</a> (2010, 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Newsom</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eleni_Kounalakis" title="Eleni Kounalakis">Kounalakis</a> (2018, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential primaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2000 California Democratic presidential primary">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2004 California Democratic presidential primary">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 California Democratic presidential primary">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2016 California Democratic presidential primary">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2020 California Democratic presidential primary">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Template:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Template talk:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">32nd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1933–1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_York" title="List of governors of New York">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1929–1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a> (1913–1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_senators" title="List of New York state senators">New York State Senator</a> (1911–1913)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations (<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">4th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">First and second terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">Third and fourth terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Deal" title="Template:New Deal">overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_New_Deal" title="Second New Deal">Second New Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Relief_Administration" title="Federal Emergency Relief Administration">Federal Emergency Relief Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act">Agricultural Adjustment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1944" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Coordination_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act">Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1935" title="National Labor Relations Act of 1935">National Labor Relations Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act_of_1933" title="National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933">National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration" title="National Recovery Administration">National Recovery Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration">National Youth Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_Families_with_Dependent_Children" title="Aid to Families with Dependent Children">Aid to Families with Dependent Children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act of 1934</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="Executive Order 6102">Monetary gold ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">Gold Reserve Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6814" title="Executive Order 6814">Silver seizure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_and_civil_rights" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt and civil rights">Record on civil rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_8802" title="Executive Order 8802">Defense industry non-discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Employment_Practice_Committee" title="Fair Employment Practice Committee">Fair Employment Practice Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9066" title="Executive Order 9066">Executive Orders 9066,</a><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9102" title="Executive Order 9102"> 9102</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_Relocation_Authority" title="War Relocation Authority">War Relocation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Japanese American internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_German_Americans" title="Internment of German Americans">German-American internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Italian_Americans" title="Internment of Italian Americans">Italian-American internment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlow_Committee" title="Brownlow Committee">Brownlow Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States#History" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerich_Pact" title="Roerich Pact">Roerich Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Monument" title="Four Freedoms Monument">Four Freedoms Monument</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Bill_of_1937" title="Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937">Judicial Court-Packing Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">Federal Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination">Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination">Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:FD_Roosevelt_cabinet" title="Template:FD Roosevelt cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_trust#Roosevelt's_"Brain_Trust"" title="Brain trust">"Brain Trust"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Dimes" title="March of Dimes">March of Dimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office#Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present" title="Oval Office">Modern Oval Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Special_(automobile)" title="Sunshine Special (automobile)">Official car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">Franksgiving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Franklin Delano Roosevelt/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Franklin Delano Roosevelt/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Presidential<br />foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Convention" title="Montevideo Convention">Montevideo Convention (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_London_Naval_Treaty" title="Second London Naval Treaty">Second London Naval Treaty (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABCD_line" title="ABCD line">ABCD line (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_Control_Act" title="Export Control Act">Export Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Policemen" title="Four Policemen">Four Policemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyers-for-bases_deal" title="Destroyers-for-bases deal">Destroyers-for-bases deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Training_and_Service_Act_of_1940" title="Selective Training and Service Act of 1940">1940 Selective Service Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_note" title="Hull note">Hull note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">Military history of the United States during World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Munitions_Assignments_Board" title="Combined Munitions Assignments Board">Combined Munitions Assignments Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Production_Board" title="War Production Board">War Production Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations (1942)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">World War II conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_first" title="Europe first">Europe first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan#Roosevelt's_support_for_the_plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan support</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential<br />speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention#Roosevelt's_acceptance_speech" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 Acceptance speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Club_Address" title="Commonwealth Club Address">Commonwealth Club Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Madison_Square_Garden_speech" title="1936 Madison Square Garden speech">Madison Square Garden speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Infamy_speech" title="Day of Infamy speech">Day of Infamy speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_of_Democracy" title="Arsenal of Democracy">Arsenal of Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Inaugural_address" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">"...is fear itself"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireside_chats" title="Fireside chats">Fireside chats</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Look_to_Norway" title="Look to Norway">Look to Norway</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarantine_Speech" title="Quarantine Speech">Quarantine Speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_More_Abundant_Life" title="The More Abundant Life">The More Abundant Life</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1934 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address (1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1938 State of the Union Address">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1939 State of the Union Address">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1940 State of the Union Address">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">1941 (Four Freedoms)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bill_of_Rights" title="Second Bill of Rights">1944 (Second Bill of Rights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1945 State of the Union Address">1945)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Early_life_and_marriage" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Early life, education, career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_Historic_District" title="Warm Springs Historic District">Warm Springs Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Governorship of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Governorship of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Plot" title="Business Plot">Business Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zangara#Assassination_attempt" title="Giuseppe Zangara">Assassination attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Electoral history of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_York_state_election" title="1928 New York state election">1928 New York state election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_New_York_state_election" title="1930 New York state election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention, 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention#Impact" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days_Are_Here_Again#In_popular_culture" title="Happy Days Are Here Again">theme song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Personal_life" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Early life and education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groton_School" title="Groton School">Groton School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site">Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FDR_Suite_at_Adams_House,_Harvard_University" title="FDR Suite at Adams House, Harvard University">FDR Suite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Campobello_International_Park" title="Roosevelt Campobello International Park">Campobello home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralytic_illness_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Paralytic illness of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Paralytic illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Cottage" title="Top Cottage">Top Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_White_House" title="Little White House">Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of statues of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_Campus_Network" title="Roosevelt Institute Campus Network">Roosevelt Institute Campus Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Foundation" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Four_Freedoms_Park" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park">Four Freedoms Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">White House Roosevelt Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_for_American_Studies" title="Roosevelt Institute for American Studies">Roosevelt Institute for American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_(CV-42)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42)">USS <i>Franklin D. Roosevelt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Roosevelt_(DDG-80)" title="USS Roosevelt (DDG-80)">USS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Award" title="Four Freedoms Award">Four Freedoms Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" title="Four Freedoms (Rockwell)"><i>Four Freedoms</i> paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_portrait_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Unfinished portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt"><i>Unfinished portrait</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt dime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27d_Rather_Be_Right" title="I'd Rather Be Right"><i>I'd Rather Be Right</i> 1937 musical</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelt_Story" title="The Roosevelt Story"><i>The Roosevelt Story</i> 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_at_Campobello" title="Sunrise at Campobello"><i>Sunrise at Campobello</i> 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Eleanor and Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Eleanor and Franklin</i> 1976,</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin:_The_White_House_Years" title="Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years"><i>The White House Years</i> 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> 1979 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II:_When_Lions_Roared" title="World War II: When Lions Roared"><i>World War II: When Lions Roared</i> 1997 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_(film)" title="Warm Springs (film)"><i>Warm Springs</i> 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_on_Hudson" title="Hyde Park on Hudson"><i>Hyde Park on Hudson</i> 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelts_(miniseries)" title="The Roosevelts (miniseries)"><i>The Roosevelts</i> 2014 documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)"><i>The First Lady</i> 2022 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDR_(miniseries)" title="FDR (miniseries)"><i>FDR</i> 2023 miniseries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of memorials to Franklin D. Roosevelt">Other namesakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family<br />(<a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Roosevelt</a><br /> • <a href="/wiki/Delano_family" title="Delano family">Delano</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roosevelt_Halsted" title="Anna Roosevelt Halsted">Anna Roosevelt Halsted</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott Roosevelt</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Jr." title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aspinwall_Roosevelt" title="John Aspinwall Roosevelt">John Aspinwall Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_I" title="James Roosevelt I">James Roosevelt I</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Roosevelt" title="Sara Roosevelt">Sara Ann Delano</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt Roosevelt">James Roosevelt Roosevelt</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Roosevelt_(businessman)" title="Isaac Roosevelt (businessman)">Isaac Roosevelt</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Jr." title="Warren Delano Jr.">Warren Delano Jr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_(dog)" title="Fala (dog)">Fala</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_dog)" title="Major (Franklin D. Roosevelt's dog)">Major</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">← Herbert Hoover</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Category:Franklin D. Roosevelt">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eleanor_Roosevelt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Template:Eleanor Roosevelt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Template talk:Eleanor Roosevelt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eleanor Roosevelt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eleanor_Roosevelt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Presidential Commission on the Status of Women">Chairwoman, Presidential Commission on the Status of Women</a> (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (1933–1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United States delegate, United Nations General Assembly (1946–1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1947–1953, Chairperson 1946–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights#Creation_and_drafting" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Drafting committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Lady of<br />the United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/My_Day" title="My Day">"My Day" daily newspaper column, 1935–1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Civilian_Defense" title="Office of Civilian Defense">Co-Chair, Office of Civilian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson#1939_Lincoln_Memorial_Concert" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson Lincoln Memorial Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen#The_First_Lady's_flight" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthurdale,_West_Virginia" title="Arthurdale, West Virginia">Arthurdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor,_West_Virginia" title="Eleanor, West Virginia">Eleanor, West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Youth_Congress" title="American Youth Congress">American Youth Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration">National Youth Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention#Vice-presidential_selection" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 Democratic National Convention speech</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Defense" title="Women in Defense">Women in Defense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_terms_as_Governor_of_New_York#Economic_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt's terms as Governor of New York">First Lady of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Presidential Commission on the Status of Women">Presidential Commission on the Status of Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women#PCSW_influences_the_creation_of_the_National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encampment_for_Citizenship" title="Encampment for Citizenship">Encampment for Citizenship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site">Val-Kill National Historic Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val-Kill_Industries" title="Val-Kill Industries">Val-Kill Industries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Campobello_International_Park" title="Roosevelt Campobello International Park">Campobello home</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_paralytic_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness">Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site">Hyde Park home and gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_Campus_Network" title="Roosevelt Institute Campus Network">Roosevelt Institute Campus Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_for_American_Studies" title="Roosevelt Institute for American Studies">Roosevelt Study Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_Monument" title="Eleanor Roosevelt Monument">Eleanor Roosevelt Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_Award_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights">Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Statue at the Franklin Roosevelt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_College" title="Eleanor Roosevelt College">Eleanor Roosevelt College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Roosevelt_(DDG-80)" title="USS Roosevelt (DDG-80)">USS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson:_the_Lincoln_Memorial_Concert" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian Anderson: the Lincoln Memorial Concert"><i>Marian Anderson: the Lincoln Memorial Concert</i> (1939 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_at_Campobello_(play)" title="Sunrise at Campobello (play)"><i>Sunrise at Campobello</i> (1958 play,</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_at_Campobello" title="Sunrise at Campobello">1960 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eleanor_Roosevelt_Story" title="The Eleanor Roosevelt Story"><i>The Eleanor Roosevelt Story</i> (1965 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin_(book)" title="Eleanor and Franklin (book)">Eleanor and Franklin</a></i> (1971 biography)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleanor:_The_Years_Alone" title="Eleanor: The Years Alone">Eleanor: The Years Alone</a></i> (1972 biography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Eleanor and Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Eleanor and Franklin</i> (1976 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin:_The_White_House_Years" title="Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years"><i>Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years</i> (1977 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelts_(miniseries)" title="The Roosevelts (miniseries)"><i>The Roosevelts</i> (2014 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)"><i>The First Lady</i> (2022 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDR_(miniseries)" title="FDR (miniseries)"><i>FDR</i> (2023 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bill_of_Human_Rights" title="International Bill of Human Rights">International Bill of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan#Documents" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorena_Hickok" title="Lorena Hickok">Lorena Hickok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Roosevelt family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (husband</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">presidency 1933–1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">presidency 1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roosevelt_Halsted" title="Anna Roosevelt Halsted">Anna Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott Roosevelt</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.">Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aspinwall_Roosevelt" title="John Aspinwall Roosevelt">John Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_Seagraves" title="Eleanor Roosevelt Seagraves">Eleanor Roosevelt Seagraves</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Roosevelt" title="Curtis Roosevelt">Curtis Roosevelt</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Wilford" title="Sara Wilford">Sara Delano Roosevelt</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt III">Franklin Delano Roosevelt III</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roosevelt_Boettiger" title="John Roosevelt Boettiger">John Roosevelt Boettiger</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_(lawyer)" title="James Roosevelt (lawyer)">James Roosevelt III</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(socialite)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (socialite)">Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Hall_Roosevelt" title="Anna Hall Roosevelt">Anna Hall Roosevelt</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Roosevelt" title="Hall Roosevelt">Hall Roosevelt</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Sr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Sr.">Theodore Roosevelt Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Bulloch_Roosevelt" title="Martha Bulloch Roosevelt">Martha Stewart Bulloch</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (uncle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamie_Roosevelt" title="Bamie Roosevelt">Bamie Roosevelt</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_(dog)" title="Fala (dog)">Fala</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359797#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359797#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359797#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115803840">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/111786038">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/50268/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRFrqc3ppCbvBFmkwpyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116608161">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80017801">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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