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<span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairpersons_since_1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairpersons_since_1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chairpersons since 1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairpersons_since_1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parliamentary election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parliamentary_election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE)" title="লিবারেল ফোরাম (অস্ট্রিয়া) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিবারেল ফোরাম (অস্ট্রিয়া)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales_Forum" title="Liberales Forum – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Liberales Forum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2rum_Liberal" title="Fòrum Liberal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fòrum Liberal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales_Forum" title="Liberales Forum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liberales Forum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Liberal" title="Foro Liberal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foro Liberal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4)" title="فوروم لیبرال (اتریش) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوروم لیبرال (اتریش)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_lib%C3%A9ral_(Autriche)" title="Forum libéral (Autriche) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forum libéral (Autriche)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A" title="उदार मंच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उदार मंच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalni_Forum" title="Liberalni Forum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Liberalni Forum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Forum" title="Liberal Forum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liberal Forum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Liberale" title="Forum Liberale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forum Liberale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales_Forum" title="Liberales Forum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liberales Forum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="自由フォーラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由フォーラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIF" title="LIF – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="LIF" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Liberalne_(Austria)" title="Forum Liberalne (Austria) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Forum Liberalne (Austria)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Liberal" title="Foro Liberal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Foro Liberal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forumul_Liberal" title="Forumul Liberal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Forumul Liberal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Либеральный форум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либеральный форум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Либерални форум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Либерални форум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaali_foorumi" title="Liberaali foorumi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liberaali foorumi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales_Forum" title="Liberales Forum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liberales Forum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales_Forum" title="Liberales Forum – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Liberales Forum" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாராண்மையாளர் மன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாராண்மையாளர் மன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Forum" title="Liberal Forum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liberal Forum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ліберальний форум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліберальний форум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87" title="自由論壇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由論壇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q699381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/LIF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="LIF (disambiguation)">LIF (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Austria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FFDC00; border-bottom:2px solid #FFDC00; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Liberal Forum</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Liberales Forum</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LIF logo"><img alt="LIF logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg/170px-Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg/255px-Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg/340px-Liberales_Forum_logo_neu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="153" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Angelika_Mlinar" title="Angelika Mlinar">Angelika Mlinar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4 February 1993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">25 January 2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria">NEOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dürergasse 6/10 A-1060 <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Liberalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDC00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow (politics)">Yellow</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liberale.at">liberale<wbr />.at</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FFDC00;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Politics of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austria" title="List of political parties in Austria">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberales_Forum_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberales_Forum_logo.svg/120px-Liberales_Forum_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberales_Forum_logo.svg/180px-Liberales_Forum_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberales_Forum_logo.svg/240px-Liberales_Forum_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Former logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Liberal Forum</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Liberales Forum</i>, LiF) was a <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">liberal</a><sup id="cite_ref-GrandeDolezal_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrandeDolezal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WodakPelinka2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WodakPelinka2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mudde2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mudde2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Givens2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_party_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party in Austria">political party in Austria</a>. The party was active from February 1993 to January 2014, when the party merged into <a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria">NEOS – The New Austria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kleinez_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kleinez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a>, it was founded as a <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> split from the <a href="/wiki/FP%C3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="FPÖ">FPÖ</a> due to its <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> stances<sup id="cite_ref-Sandford2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandford2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was placed on the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Post-materialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialist">post-materialist</a> on a two-axis <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_%E2%80%93_The_Green_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens – The Green Alternative">The Greens – The Green Alternative</a>, in a 2000 comparative analysis among Austrian political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding">Founding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liberal Forum (LiF) was founded on 4 February 1993, when liberals in the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (FPÖ), including five members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Austria">National Council of Austria</a>, left the party. The five <i>Nationalrat</i> members were <a href="/wiki/Heide_Schmidt" title="Heide Schmidt">Heide Schmidt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klara_Motter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klara Motter (page does not exist)">Klara Motter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedhelm_Frischenschlager" title="Friedhelm Frischenschlager">Friedhelm Frischenschlager</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Helmut_Moser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Helmut Moser (page does not exist)">Hans Helmut Moser</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Barm%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Barmüller (page does not exist)">Thomas Barmüller</a>. Heide Schmidt (who was third president of the <i>Nationalrat</i> until 1994) became the party's first chairperson. </p><p>The reason for the split within the FPÖ was growing disagreements between the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> wing and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> camp. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Haider" title="Jörg Haider">Jörg Haider</a> launched a petition-drive against foreign immigrants in Austria, the so-called Austria First Referendum (<i>Österreich Zuerst Volksbegehren</i>). This in turn was unacceptable to Heide Schmidt and her followers. The founders of the new party wanted to be a liberal party in the classical sense, which the FPÖ had ceased to be since the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Steger" title="Norbert Steger">Norbert Steger</a> and the rise of Haider. </p><p>LiF was the first party in the history of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria#The_Second_Republic" title="History of Austria">Second Republic</a> (since 1945) to achieve immediate seats in parliament without prior elections. After some initial confusion, the chairs of the house accepted the new formation as an official party, thereby granting access to public financial means of support. The FPÖ left the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> and LiF took over its membership in its place. The party managed to gain 11 seats in the 1994 parliamentary elections, and with 5.51% of all votes cast 10 seats in the 1995 elections. </p><p>However, following the resignation of Schmidt as chairperson and the elections in 1999, the party's support plummeted, and it failed to gain any seats. In the elections of 3 October 1999, the party obtained 3.65% of all votes and therefore failed to surmount the 4% mandatory threshold in order to enter parliament. In the elections of 2002, it obtained 1% of the vote and got no seats. As a consequence, it also lost votes in state elections and is only represented on the communal level. In <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> the party lost all seats on the district level in the elections of 2005. </p><p>LiF decided not to contest the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Austria">2009 European election</a>, focussing on refounding and building up the party instead. The <a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Liberals (Austria)">Young Liberals</a> (JuLis), the LIF's student and youth organisation, contested the election independently instead.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LiF contested the <a href="/wiki/2013_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2013 Austrian legislative election">2013 legislative election</a> in an electoral alliance with newly formed <a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria">NEOS – The New Austria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 January 2014, LiF merged into NEOS, which took the full name of NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-kleinez_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kleinez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to its founding charter, the LiF propagated political liberalism and advocated a <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> economy. Furthermore, the party wanted <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a> and supported world peace.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party supported:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Promotion of <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a></li> <li>Legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a></li> <li>Equalisation of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuals">homosexuals</a></li> <li>Liberalisation of <a href="/wiki/Shopping_hours" title="Shopping hours">shopping hours</a></li> <li>Increase of the voting age</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chairpersons_since_1993">Chairpersons since 1993</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chairpersons since 1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chart below shows a timeline of the Liberal chairpersons and the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Chancellors of Austria</a>. The left bar shows all the chairpersons (<i>Bundessprecher</i>, abbreviated as "CP") of the Liberal party, and the right bar shows the corresponding make-up of the Austrian government at that time. The red (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a>, SPÖ) and black (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a>, ÖVP) colours correspond to which party led the federal government (<i>Bundesregierung</i>, abbreviated as "Govern."). The last names of the respective chancellors are shown, the Roman numeral stands for the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinets</a>. </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_tp5sewgqhobzbn8q3ey0go494segsjj"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Werner_Faymann" coords="257,7,327,26" title="Werner Faymann" alt="Werner Faymann" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alfred_Gusenbauer" coords="257,29,342,48" title="Alfred Gusenbauer" alt="Alfred Gusenbauer" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" coords="257,117,337,136" title="Wolfgang Schüssel" alt="Wolfgang Schüssel" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Viktor_Klima" coords="257,161,317,180" title="Viktor Klima" alt="Viktor Klima" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Franz_Vranitzky" coords="257,235,337,254" title="Franz Vranitzky" alt="Franz Vranitzky" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Angelika_Mlinar" coords="72,-2,192,19" title="Angelika Mlinar" alt="Angelika Mlinar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Werner_Becher" coords="72,13,181,33" title="Werner Becher" alt="Werner Becher" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexander_Zach" coords="72,71,186,92" title="Alexander Zach" alt="Alexander Zach" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Friedhelm_Frischenschlager" coords="72,130,253,151" title="Friedhelm Frischenschlager" alt="Friedhelm Frischenschlager" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Christian_K%C3%B6ck" coords="72,138,192,158" title="Christian Köck" alt="Christian Köck" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Heide_Schmidt" coords="72,189,181,210" title="Heide Schmidt" alt="Heide Schmidt" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_tp5sewgqhobzbn8q3ey0go494segsjj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/tp5sewgqhobzbn8q3ey0go494segsjj.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_election_results">Parliamentary election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parliamentary election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Council">National Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Austria">National Council of Austria</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th># of total votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th># of seats </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Austrian_legislative_election" title="1994 Austrian legislative election">1994</a> </th> <td>276,580 (5th) </td> <td>6.00% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">in opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Austrian_legislative_election" title="1995 Austrian legislative election">1995</a> </th> <td>267,026 (4th) </td> <td>5.51% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">in opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Austrian_legislative_election" title="1999 Austrian legislative election">1999</a> </th> <td>168,612 (5th) </td> <td>3.59% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2002 Austrian legislative election">2002</a> </th> <td>48,083 (5th) </td> <td>0.97% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2006 Austrian legislative election">2006</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Contested election on <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">SPÖ</a> list</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">in government </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2008 Austrian legislative election">2008</a> </th> <td>102,249 (6th) </td> <td>2.09% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2013 Austrian legislative election">2013</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Contested election on <a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria_and_Liberal_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum">NEOS</a> list</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 183</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">in opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th># of total votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th># of seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1996 European Parliament election in Austria">1996</a> </th> <td>161,583 (5th) </td> <td>4.26% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1999 European Parliament election in Austria">1999</a> </th> <td>74,467 (5th) </td> <td>2.66% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFDC00; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 June 2005, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/Karin_Resetarits" class="mw-redirect" title="Karin Resetarits">Karin Resetarits</a> left the party of <a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Martin" title="Hans-Peter Martin">Hans-Peter Martin</a>, following several disagreements with him. She <a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">crossed the floor</a> and has taken her seat with the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a>. Subsequently, In 2006 she also joined the Liberal Forum and represented them in the European Parliament. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2006 Austrian legislative election">2006 elections</a>, the Liberal Forum did not stand, but chairman Alexander Zach instead ran on the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> electoral list as an independent. </p><p>The Liberal Forum participated in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Austrian_legislative_election" title="2008 Austrian legislative election">2008 elections</a>, its Electoral list led by the former chairperson <a href="/wiki/Heide_Schmidt" title="Heide Schmidt">Heide Schmidt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before the elections, there were allegations that Zach had lobbied for <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a>, leading to his resignation in order to protect the party's integrity; Schmidt took over as interim leader.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Liberalism in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of liberal parties">List of liberal parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austria" title="List of political parties in Austria">List of political parties in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_worldwide" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism worldwide">Liberalism worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_liberal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributions to liberal theory">Contributions to liberal theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWodakPelinka,_Anton2002" class="citation book cs1">Wodak, Ruth; Pelinka, Anton (2002). <i>The Haider Phenomenon in Austria</i>. New York: Transaction Publishers. p. xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0883-7"><bdi>978-0-7658-0883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Haider+Phenomenon+in+Austria&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xviii&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0883-7&rft.aulast=Wodak&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Pelinka%2C+Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHloušek2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hloušek, Vít (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101754/http://www.politicsince.eu/documents/file/2006_06.pdf#page=24">"The limited Role of Electoral Game Rules: the Austrian Party System in "Post-Rokkanian" Settings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Politics in Central Europe</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 35. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsince.eu/documents/file/2006_06.pdf#page=24">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics+in+Central+Europe&rft.atitle=The+limited+Role+of+Electoral+Game+Rules%3A+the+Austrian+Party+System+in+%22Post-Rokkanian%22+Settings&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hlou%C5%A1ek&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsince.eu%2Fdocuments%2Ffile%2F2006_06.pdf%23page%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMissiroli2006" class="citation journal cs1">Missiroli, Antonio (2006). "The New Kids on the EU Block: Austria, Finland and Sweden". <i>The International Spectator</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 13–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03932729508458099">10.1080/03932729508458099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Spectator&rft.atitle=The+New+Kids+on+the+EU+Block%3A+Austria%2C+Finland+and+Sweden&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=13-29&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03932729508458099&rft.aulast=Missiroli&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrandeDolezal-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrandeDolezal_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgar_GrandeMartin_DolezalMarc_HelblingDominic_Höglinger2012" class="citation book cs1">Edgar Grande; Martin Dolezal; Marc Helbling; Dominic Höglinger (31 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6_zivrfDd3AC&pg=PA52"><i>Political Conflict in Western Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02438-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02438-0"><bdi>978-1-107-02438-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Conflict+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02438-0&rft.au=Edgar+Grande&rft.au=Martin+Dolezal&rft.au=Marc+Helbling&rft.au=Dominic+H%C3%B6glinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6_zivrfDd3AC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WodakPelinka2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WodakPelinka2002_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_WodakAnton_Pelinka2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wodak" title="Ruth Wodak">Ruth Wodak</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anton_Pelinka" title="Anton Pelinka">Anton Pelinka</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZMnO-XzKBIC&pg=PA117"><i>The Haider Phenomenon in Austria</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2493-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2493-4"><bdi>978-1-4128-2493-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Haider+Phenomenon+in+Austria&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-2493-4&rft.au=Ruth+Wodak&rft.au=Anton+Pelinka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZMnO-XzKBIC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mudde2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mudde2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCas_Mudde2002" class="citation book cs1">Cas Mudde (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=spT-NgRm3f8C&pg=PA9"><i>The Ideology of the Extreme Right</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6446-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6446-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-6446-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ideology+of+the+Extreme+Right&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6446-3&rft.au=Cas+Mudde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DspT-NgRm3f8C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Givens2005_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerri_E._Givens2005" class="citation book cs1">Terri E. Givens (10 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SDY2CGcPJwkC&pg=PA23"><i>Voting Radical Right in Western Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44670-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44670-9"><bdi>978-1-139-44670-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voting+Radical+Right+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-10-10&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44670-9&rft.au=Terri+E.+Givens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSDY2CGcPJwkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kleinez-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kleinez_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleinez_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201043844/http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/oesterreich/3530183/neos-offiziell-lif-fusioniert.story">"NEOS offiziell mit LIF fusioniert"</a>, <i>Kleine Zeitung</i>, 25 January 2014, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/oesterreich/3530183/neos-offiziell-lif-fusioniert.story">the original</a> on 1 February 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kleine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=NEOS+offiziell+mit+LIF+fusioniert&rft.date=2014-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kleinezeitung.at%2Fnachrichten%2Fpolitik%2Foesterreich%2F3530183%2Fneos-offiziell-lif-fusioniert.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandford2013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sandford2013_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Sandford2013" class="citation book cs1">John Sandford (3 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TuMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA373"><i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture</i></a>. Routledge. p. 373. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81603-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81603-1"><bdi>978-1-136-81603-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+German+Culture&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.isbn=978-1-136-81603-1&rft.au=John+Sandford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTuMsBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlasserUlram2000" class="citation web cs1">Plasser, Fritz; Ulram, Peter A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195540/http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/fileadmin/media/pdf/austrianvoter.pdf">"The Changing Austrian Voter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Demokratiezentrum Wien</i>. p. 21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/fileadmin/media/pdf/austrianvoter.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>Flanagan goes further and adds a third conflict axis to the two-dimensional conflict pattern of advanced industrial societies, namely the cleavage between a libertarian <i>New Left</i> and an authoritarian <i>New Right</i>, which is stirred up by polarising controversial issues such as immigration or the integration of immigrants.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Demokratiezentrum+Wien&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Austrian+Voter&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Plasser&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rft.au=Ulram%2C+Peter+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demokratiezentrum.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2Faustrianvoter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberale.at/content/site/letztemeldungen/article/875.html?SWS=9732ef27a90781662d0c2b8724c1d1bd">Liberale</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414141359/http://www.aldeparty.eu/en/news/austria-ready-liberals-pink-vibrations">"Austria ready for Liberals' pink vibrations"</a>. <i>ALDE Party</i>. 29 September 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ALDE+Party&rft.atitle=Austria+ready+for+Liberals%27+pink+vibrations&rft.date=2013-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldeparty.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Faustria-ready-liberals-pink-vibrations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orf.at/stories/2215564/">"Fusion von NEOS und LIF bestätigt"</a>, <i>ORF.at</i>, 25 January 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ORF.at&rft.atitle=Fusion+von+NEOS+und+LIF+best%C3%A4tigt&rft.date=2014-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forf.at%2Fstories%2F2215564%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberale.at/charta.pdf">Charta</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to a independent, third-party source. (August 2015)">third-party source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111150742/http://www.liberale.at/charta.pdf">Archived</a> 11 January 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003232746/http://www.austriantimes.at/index.php?id=7746">"www.austriantimes.at"</a>. <i>Austrian Times</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austriantimes.at/index.php?id=7746">the original</a> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Austrian+Times&rft.atitle=www.austriantimes.at&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austriantimes.at%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D7746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derstandard.at/?url=/?id=1220458816922%26_lexikaRange=1">"Zach legt Vorsitz und Mandat nieder"</a>. <i>derStandard</i>. 23 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=derStandard&rft.atitle=Zach+legt+Vorsitz+und+Mandat+nieder&rft.date=2008-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderstandard.at%2F%3Furl%3D%2F%3Fid%3D1220458816922%2526_lexikaRange%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberal+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template talk:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_parties_of_international_liberal_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Member parties of international liberal organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Andorra" title="Liberals of Andorra">LA</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Liberals and Democrats">VLD</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a>*</li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Movement_for_Democracy" title="Botswana Movement for Democracy">BMD</a>*</li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NDSV</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a>*</li> <li>Burma: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_League_for_Democracy-Liberated_Areas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National League for Democracy-Liberated Areas (page does not exist)">NLD-LA</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Alliance_for_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Alliance for Renewal (page does not exist)">ADR</a></li> <li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Party_of_National_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Party of National Unity">U</a>*</li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Congo%27s_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance for Congo's Renewal (page does not exist)">ARC</a>*, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_for_Congo%27s_Reconstruction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union for Congo's Reconstruction (page does not exist)">URC</a>*</li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Cuba" title="Liberal Party of Cuba">PLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Solidarity_Party" title="Democratic Solidarity Party">PSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Liberal_Union" title="Cuban Liberal Union">ULC</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Det_Radikale_Venstre" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Radikale Venstre">RV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/El-Ghad_Party" title="El-Ghad Party">Ghad</a>*</li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Democratic_Party" title="Ethiopian Democratic Party">EDP</a>*</li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Keskusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish People's Party (Finland)">SFP</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RPG</a>*</li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li>Gibraltar: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Guatemala)" title="Patriotic Party (Guatemala)">PP</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_of_Guinea" title="Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea">UFDG</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Republican_Forces" title="Union of Republican Forces">UFR</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Honduras" title="Liberal Party of Honduras">PLH</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">MLP</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Iceland)" title="Progressive Party (Iceland)">FSF</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Democratic Party (Indonesia)">PD</a>*</li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>*</li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">Rad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Liberals" title="Federation of Liberals">FdL</a>*</li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Kenya)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya)">LDP</a>*</li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a>*</li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Latvia%27s_First_Party/Latvian_Way" title="Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way">LPP/LC</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>*</li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Centre_Union" title="Liberal and Centre Union">LCU</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a>*</li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a>*</li> <li>Mali: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizens_Party_for_the_Renewal_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizens Party for the Renewal (Mali) (page does not exist)">PCR</a>*</li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a>*</li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformist_Party_(Moldova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Reformist Party (Moldova)">PRL</a>*</li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Alliance_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Alliance of Montenegro">LSCG</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberties" title="Alliance of Liberties">AdL</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PPDD</a>*</li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> , <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">PLI</a>*</li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Authentic_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Authentic Radical Liberal Party">PLRA</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a>*</li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_New_Citizen" title="Alliance of the New Citizen">ANO</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Convergence_of_Catalonia" title="Democratic Convergence of Catalonia">CDC</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP.The Liberals</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CCW/CUF</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine of the Future">UM</a>*</li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">APNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a>*</li></ul> <p>National groups: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Group_of_Liberal_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Group of Liberal International (page does not exist)">Brazilian Group</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Gruppe_der_LI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Gruppe der LI (page does not exist)">German Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israeli Group (page does not exist)">Israeli Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Groep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlandse Groep (page does not exist)">Netherlands Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llibertat_i_Democracia_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llibertat i Democracia Social (page does not exist)">Catalan Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_International_British_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal International British Group (page does not exist)">British Group</a></li></ul> <p>* observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party (Iceland)">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/Сл</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Lenar%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Janez Lenarčič">Janez Lenarčič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri_Simson" title="Kadri Simson">Kadri Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_South_East_European_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NSDV</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS-LD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">SzDSz</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Macedonia" title="Liberal Party of Macedonia">LPM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Serbia" title="Liberals of Serbia">LS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">DP</a> (represented through two individual members)</li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle" title="Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle">PDI-P</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">PKB</a>**</li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Democratic Party of Japan">DPJ</a>**</li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">PGRM</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Union_of_Burma" title="National Council of the Union of Burma">NCUB</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Forum Pakistan (page does not exist)">LFP</a>*</li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Democratic_Party" title="Singapore Democratic Party">SDP</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>ROC Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li></ul> <p>*associate member **observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa_Liberal_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Angola)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Angola)">PLD</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a></li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PDD</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CUF</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Tanzania)" title="United Democratic Party (Tanzania)">UDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Social Liberal Party (Tunisia)">PSL</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Recreate_for_Growth" title="Recreate for Growth">Recrear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Primero_de_Gente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Primero de Gente (page does not exist)">PPG</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/National_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice">JN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arab_Liberal_Federation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Comoros: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Alliance_of_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Alliance of the Comoros (page does not exist)">NAC</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_Party" title="Democratic Front Party">DFP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">GTP</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)" title="National Liberal Party (Lebanon)">NLP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">FM</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Sudan)">LDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Republican Party (Tunisia)">PR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Austria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_political_parties" title="Template:Austrian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Austrian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Austria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austria" title="List of political parties in Austria">Political parties in Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">National Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">The Greens</a> (16)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)" title="Federal Council (Austria)">Federal Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">The Greens</a> (4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Austria,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for Austria, 2019–2024">European Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">The Greens</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_seats_in_the_Austrian_Landtage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution of seats in the Austrian Landtage">State parliaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (157)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (133)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">The Greens</a> (48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFG_Austria_%E2%80%93_People_Freedom_Fundamental_Rights" title="MFG Austria – People Freedom Fundamental Rights">MFG Austria – People Freedom Fundamental Rights</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a> (21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Carinthia" title="Team Carinthia">Team Carinthia</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">Communist Party of Austria</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Forum_Austria" title="Citizens' Forum Austria">Citizens' Forum Austria</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor or regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Future_of_Austria" title="Alliance for the Future of Austria">Alliance for the Future of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Party" title="Animal Rights Party">Animal Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beer_Party_(Austria)" title="The Beer Party (Austria)">The Beer Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Wandel" title="Der Wandel">The Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_of_Austria" title="Christian Party of Austria">Christian Party of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Club_Tyrol" title="Citizens' Club Tyrol">Citizens' Club Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_%E2%80%93_Neutral_%E2%80%93_Authentic" title="Democratic – Neutral – Authentic">Democratic – Neutral – Authentic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Tyrol" title="Forward Tyrol">Forward Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_List" title="Gaza List">Gaza List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Alternative_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Socialist Alternative (Austria)">International Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_Burgenland" title="List Burgenland">List Burgenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINKS_(Austria)" title="LINKS (Austria)">LINKS (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Vote_Counts!" title="My Vote Counts!">My Vote Counts!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Petrovic_List" title="Madeleine Petrovic List">Madeleine Petrovic List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Vote_Counts!" title="My Vote Counts!">My Vote Counts!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Free_Austria_Federation" title="Neutral Free Austria Federation">Neutral Free Austria Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Movement_for_the_Future" title="New Movement for the Future">New Movement for the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Austria" title="Party of Labour of Austria">Party of Labour of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Austria" title="Pirate Party of Austria">Pirate Party of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Austria_of_the_Future" title="Social Austria of the Future">Social Austria of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Liberals" title="The Social Liberals">The Social Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_HC_Strache_%E2%80%93_Alliance_for_Austria" title="Team HC Strache – Alliance for Austria">Team HC Strache – Alliance for Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_List_(Austria)" title="Unity List (Austria)">Unity List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Austria" title="Volt Austria">Volt Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Austria" title="Vision Austria">Vision Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carinthian_Farmers%27_Association" title="Carinthian Farmers' Association">Carinthian Farmers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Catholic People's Party (Austria-Hungary)">Catholic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Democrats" title="Centrist Democrats">Centrist Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Austria)" title="Christian Social Party (Austria)">Christian Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Workers%27_Party" title="Civic Workers' Party">Civic Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Initiative" title="Communist Initiative">Communist Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_Austria" title="Communist League of Austria">Communist League of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers_Party_(Austria)" title="Communist Workers Party (Austria)">Communist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Party_(Austria)" title="Constitutional Party (Austria)">Constitutional Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Social_Democratic_Workers_Party_in_the_Republic_of_Austria" title="Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria">Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Association_of_Cities" title="Democratic Association of Cities">Democratic Association of Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peasants%27_Party_(Bukovina)" title="Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)">Democratic Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Austria)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Austria)">Democratic Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Austria)" title="The Democrats (Austria)">The Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Exit_Party" title="EU Exit Party">EU Exit Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(Austria)" title="Federalist Party (Austria)">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Independents" title="Federation of Independents">Federation of Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Party_Salzburg" title="Free Party Salzburg">Free Party Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Democrats" title="German Democrats">German Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Freedom_and_Order_Party" title="German Freedom and Order Party">German Freedom and Order Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschfreiheitliche_Partei" title="Deutschfreiheitliche Partei">German Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Nationalverband" title="Deutscher Nationalverband">German National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peoples%27_Election_Committee" title="German Peoples' Election Committee">German Peoples' Election Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Austria)" title="German People's Party (Austria)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party_(Austria-Hungary)" title="German Workers' Party (Austria-Hungary)">German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-National_Party" title="German-National Party">German-National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_German_People%27s_Party" title="Greater German People's Party">Greater German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Martin%27s_List" title="Hans-Peter Martin's List">Hans-Peter Martin's List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Independents_(Austria)" title="The Independents (Austria)">The Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JETZT_(party)" title="JETZT (party)">JETZT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Jewish Communist Party of Austria">Jewish Communist Party of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Party" title="Jewish National Party">Jewish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landbund" title="Landbund">Landbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Democratic_Socialists" title="League of Democratic Socialists">League of Democratic Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Corporate_Association_of_Salzburg" title="Liberal Corporate Association of Salzburg">Liberal Corporate Association of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liberal Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_(Austria)" title="Left (Austria)">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Austria" title="Marxist–Leninist Party of Austria">Marxist–Leninist Party of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reform_Conservatives" title="The Reform Conservatives">The Reform Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Austria" title="Save Austria">Save Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styrian_Farmers%27_Party" title="Styrian Farmers' Party">Styrian Farmers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Stronach" title="Team Stronach">Team Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentino_People%27s_Party" title="Trentino People's Party">Trentino People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Czech_Party" title="Young Czech Party">Young Czech Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Politics of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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