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{"work":{"id":34033406,"created_at":"2017-07-25T10:57:12.054-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T11:05:37.376-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This review article analyzes the extensive literature on kinship that has emerged from Andean studies over the past few decades.","ai_title_tag":"Kinship Literature in the Andes"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Weismantel and Wilhoit Kinship in the Andes","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3414728,169260]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina 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Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Weismantel and Wilhoit Kinship in the Andes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3414728" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MaryElenaEllaWilhoit"><img alt="Profile image of Mary Elena (Ella) Wilhoit" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3414728/1158387/15690969/s65_ella.wilhoit.jpg" />Mary Elena (Ella) Wilhoit</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="169260" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/MaryWeismantel"><img alt="Profile image of Mary Weismantel" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/169260/1037685/1296373/s65_mary.weismantel.jpg" />Mary Weismantel</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">49 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 34033406; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=34033406"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This review article analyzes the extensive literature on kinship that has emerged from Andean studies over the past few decades.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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Furthermore, an understanding and appreciation of the role played by kinship in human social life has been one of the major contributions of the discipline to the corpus of knowledge generally referred to as the literature of the social sciences. Thus it is surprising that for Latin America, an area whose investigation anthropologists helped to pioneer, and who were amongst the first scholars to devote themselves to its specialized study, there have been so few studies of kinship. For this reason the three volumes being reviewed make a welcome contribution. Unfortunately, however, each, in its own way, represents far less than the best of the anthropological tradition with which its author or editors identify. Anthropology, as George Ritzer (1975) contends for its sister discipline sociology, is a multiple paradigm science. This means that there is no single paradigm, based on a single metaphor or image of the world, that orients all or even most practitioners in the field. Instead, there are several competing positions engaged in what may be thought of as a struggle for supremacy. One of these derives from the thinking and writing of A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and his students. In the period just before World War II it came to be referred to as British social anthropology, to contrast it with the anthropology using culture as its master concept that had developed in North America under the leadership of Franz Boas and his students. The root metaphor of social anthropology is the organism, with emphasis on operation and function. Society is viewed as if it were an organism and the task of the anthropologist was to identify its structures and to analyze their functioning. Most of the field research done by social anthropologists into the early postwar period was conducted in Africa, south of the Sahara. Later, and to a lesser degree, anthropological investigation oriented by the view of society as an organism-which in its application in other social science disciplines came to be</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contributions to the Study of Kinship and Compadrazgo in Latin America","attachmentId":121285699,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127571413/Contributions_to_the_Study_of_Kinship_and_Compadrazgo_in_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127571413/Contributions_to_the_Study_of_Kinship_and_Compadrazgo_in_Latin_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="37309124" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37309124/Emotions_and_relations_a_point_of_view_on_Amazonian_kinship">Emotions and relations: a point of view on Amazonian kinship</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23874594" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/OlivierAllard">Olivier Allard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">MPhil thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emotions and relations: a point of view on Amazonian kinship","attachmentId":57265492,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37309124/Emotions_and_relations_a_point_of_view_on_Amazonian_kinship","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37309124/Emotions_and_relations_a_point_of_view_on_Amazonian_kinship"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="117877115" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117877115/Ethnicity_Family_and_Social_Networks_A_Multiscalar_Bioarchaeological_Investigation_of_Tiwanaku_Colonial_Organization_in_the_Moquegua_Valley_Peru">Ethnicity, Family, and Social Networks: A Multiscalar Bioarchaeological Investigation of Tiwanaku Colonial Organization in the Moquegua Valley, Peru</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="267745" href="https://cortland.academia.edu/KentJohnson">Kent Johnson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many models of colonial interaction are build from cases of European colonialism among Native American and African peoples, and, as a result, they are often ill-suited to account for state expansion and decline in non-Western contexts. This dissertation investigates social organization and intraregional interaction in a non-western colonial context to broaden understanding of colonial interaction in diverse sociocultural settings. Drawing on social identity theory, population genetics, and social network analysis, patterns of social organization at the margins of the expansive pre-Hispanic Tiwanaku state (ca. AD 500-1100) are examined. According to the dual diaspora model of Tiwanaku colonial organization in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru, Chen Chen-style and Omo-style ethnic communities who colonized the valley maintained distinct ethnic identities in part through endogamous marriage practices. Biodistance analysis of cranial shape data is used to evaluate regional gene flow among Tiwanaku-affiliated communities in Moquegua. Overall, results of biodistance analysis are consistent with the dual diaspora model. Omoand Chen Chen-style communities are distinct in mean cranial shape, and it appears that ethnic identity structured gene flow between ethnic groups. However, there are notable exceptions to the overall pattern, and it appears that marriage practices were structured by multiple factors, including ethnic affiliation, geographic proximity, and smaller scales of social organization, such as corporate kin groups. Social network analysis of cranial shape data is used to implement a multi-and mesoscalar approach to social organization to assess family-based organization at a regional level. Results indicate the study sample constituted a social network comprised This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Kent and Judy Johnson, and my wife, Theresa Johnson. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A number of individuals and institutions helped bring this dissertation to completion. First and foremost are my committee members. I would especially like to thank my co-chairs, Jane Buikstra and Chris Stojanowski, who helped me navigate many obstacles and provided crucial advice and support along the way. Their professional accomplishments and the high quality of their scholarship will serve as motivation for years to come. Jane's continued emphasis on the need to critically engage social theory, methodology, and contextual data helped me become a more holistic bioarchaeologist, and I hope that is reflected in the dissertation. Chris' willingness to collaborate, advise, and mentor are unparalleled, and I don't know that I can ever really thank him for what he has helped me achieve. Kelly Knudson offered thoughtful, informed feedback and valuable advice throughout the development and execution of this project, and it would not have come together without her aid. The wealth of knowledge Paul Goldstein possesses about Tiwanaku society, Moquegua Valley archaeology, and (dated) pop culture references made him an invaluable member of my committee. Beyond my committee a number of people helped me complete this project. Financial support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant No. 1441894. At Museo Contisuyo, Directora Lic. Patricia Palacios Filinich offered key advice and ensured I had workspace during the busy field season in Moquegua. At Museo Contisuyo I would also like to acknowledge Antonio Oquiche, former Director, Yamilex Tejada Alvarez, Administradora de Colecciones, and all the staff who create such a welcoming environment. Luis (Lucho)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethnicity, Family, and Social Networks: A Multiscalar Bioarchaeological Investigation of Tiwanaku Colonial Organization in the Moquegua Valley, Peru","attachmentId":113627988,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117877115/Ethnicity_Family_and_Social_Networks_A_Multiscalar_Bioarchaeological_Investigation_of_Tiwanaku_Colonial_Organization_in_the_Moquegua_Valley_Peru","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117877115/Ethnicity_Family_and_Social_Networks_A_Multiscalar_Bioarchaeological_Investigation_of_Tiwanaku_Colonial_Organization_in_the_Moquegua_Valley_Peru"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28319634" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28319634/Back_to_Kinship_II_A_General_Introduction_2016_by_Fadwa_El_Guindi_and_Dwight_W_Read">Back to Kinship II: A General Introduction (2016) by Fadwa El Guindi & Dwight W. Read</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="642128" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/FadwaElGuindi">Fadwa El Guindi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The two failed orientations to kinship, nurture and fitness, are transcended as this collection of original kinship work moves forward, building on the rich theoretical and ethnographic past of kinship study to a reinvigorated future of new data, reconceptualization of paradigms, fresh debates and new theory. Using kinship to anthropomorphize nonhuman primates is rejected. Contributions from 18 distinguished scholars of kinship cover the four-field, cross-cultural science of anthropology. Issues in kinship study are explored through marriage, kin terms, space, incorporation, ritual, primate studies, and contributions from Russia. This collection carries kinship study into the future.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Back to Kinship II: A General Introduction (2016) by Fadwa El Guindi \u0026 Dwight W. Read","attachmentId":48650273,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28319634/Back_to_Kinship_II_A_General_Introduction_2016_by_Fadwa_El_Guindi_and_Dwight_W_Read","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28319634/Back_to_Kinship_II_A_General_Introduction_2016_by_Fadwa_El_Guindi_and_Dwight_W_Read"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="102698047" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102698047/Killick_E_and_Sarmiento_Barletti_JP_2023_Indigenous_transformations_in_the_comunidad_nativa_rethinking_kinship_and_its_limitations_in_an_expanding_resource_frontier_Tipit%C3%AD_Journal_of_the_Society_for_the_Anthropology_of_Lowland_South_America_19_1_">Killick E and Sarmiento Barletti JP. 2023. 'Indigenous transformations in the comunidad nativa: rethinking kinship and its limitations in an expanding resource frontier', Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America 19(1).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="251612" href="https://cifor.academia.edu/JuanPabloSarmientoBarletti">Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Killick E and Sarmiento Barletti JP. 2023. 'Indigenous transformations in the comunidad nativa: rethinking kinship and its limitations in an expanding resource frontier', Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America 19(1).","attachmentId":102899137,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102698047/Killick_E_and_Sarmiento_Barletti_JP_2023_Indigenous_transformations_in_the_comunidad_nativa_rethinking_kinship_and_its_limitations_in_an_expanding_resource_frontier_Tipit%C3%AD_Journal_of_the_Society_for_the_Anthropology_of_Lowland_South_America_19_1_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102698047/Killick_E_and_Sarmiento_Barletti_JP_2023_Indigenous_transformations_in_the_comunidad_nativa_rethinking_kinship_and_its_limitations_in_an_expanding_resource_frontier_Tipit%C3%AD_Journal_of_the_Society_for_the_Anthropology_of_Lowland_South_America_19_1_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="114350951" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114350951/Kin_on_the_Wing_patterns_in_residence_mobility_and_alliance_for_Ache_hunter_gatherers_Kin_on_the_Wing_padr%C3%B5es_de_resid%C3%AAncia_mobilidade_e_alian%C3%A7a_no_grupo_de_ca%C3%A7adores_coletores_Ach%C3%AA">Kin on the Wing: patterns in residence, mobility, and alliance for Ache hunter-gatherers Kin on the Wing: padrões de residência, mobilidade e aliança no grupo de caçadores-coletores Achê</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="346321" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/WarrenThompson">Warren Thompson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper provides a structural and historical overview of the kinship of a group of Tupi-Guarani-speaking hunter-gatherers, the Ache (Guayaki) of eastern Paraguay. I begin by considering the distinguishing features of Ache kin terminology, describing its characteristic tension between the dimensions of generation and crossness, before considering arguments for historical transformations offered for similar cases in lowland South America. The Ache case shows that the "Hawaiianization" of terms in ego's generation does not necessarily entail an inward-looking endogamy, as some anthropologists (Dole, 1969; Wagley, 1977) have argued. By describing the network of Ache foraging bands as a residence-based form of kin organization, I show that "Hawaiianization" is not only perfectly compatible with the creation of alliances over considerable distances (Asch, 1998; Ives, 1998; Hornborg, 1998), but that "Hawaiianization" and distant marriage actually work together in the production of band alliances. At various points I highlight semantic, ethnographic, and historical data which, despite lying outside the scope of the phylogenetic analysis undertaken in other contributions to this issue, may nonetheless bear on some of its claims.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kin on the Wing: patterns in residence, mobility, and alliance for Ache hunter-gatherers Kin on the Wing: padrões de residência, mobilidade e aliança no grupo de caçadores-coletores Achê","attachmentId":111072329,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114350951/Kin_on_the_Wing_patterns_in_residence_mobility_and_alliance_for_Ache_hunter_gatherers_Kin_on_the_Wing_padr%C3%B5es_de_resid%C3%AAncia_mobilidade_e_alian%C3%A7a_no_grupo_de_ca%C3%A7adores_coletores_Ach%C3%AA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114350951/Kin_on_the_Wing_patterns_in_residence_mobility_and_alliance_for_Ache_hunter_gatherers_Kin_on_the_Wing_padr%C3%B5es_de_resid%C3%AAncia_mobilidade_e_alian%C3%A7a_no_grupo_de_ca%C3%A7adores_coletores_Ach%C3%AA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6405075" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6405075/Ancient_DNA_reveals_kinship_burial_patterns_of_a_pre_Columbian_Andean_community">Ancient DNA reveals kinship burial patterns of a pre-Columbian Andean community</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7484944" href="https://uw.academia.edu/mateuszBaca">Mateusz Baca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: A detailed genetic study of the pre-Columbian population inhabiting the Tompullo 2 archaeological site (department Arequipa, Peru) was undertaken to resolve the kin relationships between individuals buried in six different chullpas. Kin relationships were an important factor shaping the social organization in the pre-Columbian Andean communities, centering on the ayllu, a group of relatives that shared a common land and responsibilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this Andean model of a social organization had an influence on mortuary practices, in particular to determine whether chullpas served as family graves.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ancient DNA reveals kinship burial patterns of a pre-Columbian Andean community","attachmentId":33212473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6405075/Ancient_DNA_reveals_kinship_burial_patterns_of_a_pre_Columbian_Andean_community","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6405075/Ancient_DNA_reveals_kinship_burial_patterns_of_a_pre_Columbian_Andean_community"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="123692061" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123692061/Marriage_Between_Close_Relatives_Considerations_about_Kinship_Between_the_Guarani_Nhand%C3%A9va_on_Western_Paran%C3%A1">Marriage Between "Close Relatives" Considerations about Kinship Between the Guarani Nhandéva on Western Paraná</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62271259" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VibrantABA">Vibrant ABA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vibrant, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this study is to investigate the meanings of “kinship” among the Nhandéva Guarani Indians in western Paraná State in Brazil. The main question that this work discusses and answers is “What is the meaning of being a “relative” in this society?” The empirical and theoretical research suggest that a classification can be done relatively on three levels, in which those who are considered “close” are also those with whom they should marry.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Marriage Between \"Close Relatives\" Considerations about Kinship Between the Guarani Nhandéva on Western Paraná","attachmentId":118064228,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123692061/Marriage_Between_Close_Relatives_Considerations_about_Kinship_Between_the_Guarani_Nhand%C3%A9va_on_Western_Paran%C3%A1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123692061/Marriage_Between_Close_Relatives_Considerations_about_Kinship_Between_the_Guarani_Nhand%C3%A9va_on_Western_Paran%C3%A1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4933418" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4933418/Kinship_and_Nagualism_in_a_Tzeltal_Community_Southeastern_Mexico">Kinship and Nagualism in a Tzeltal Community, Southeastern Mexico</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6476502" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfonsoRojas3">Alfonso Rojas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Anthropologist, 1947</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ECENT studies carried out by the writer among the Tzeltal Indians of the R state of Chiapas, Mexico,l have revealed important aspects of their social organization which had not been reported or had been barely mentioned in previous reports concerning this area.2 There will be discussed in this article two cultural complexes occupying prominent places in Tzeltal social organization: the kinship system based on patrilineal clans and the methods of social control through the practice oi nagualism. For the student of Mayan ethnology the outstanding discovery is that of a clear-cut case of clan organization. As is well known, the information available on the existence of clans in this area is still very limited and unsatisfactory. Olson, in his documented study of the distribution of clans and moieties throughout indigenous America, says that:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kinship and Nagualism in a Tzeltal Community, Southeastern Mexico","attachmentId":49548533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4933418/Kinship_and_Nagualism_in_a_Tzeltal_Community_Southeastern_Mexico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4933418/Kinship_and_Nagualism_in_a_Tzeltal_Community_Southeastern_Mexico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="40273533" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40273533/Classic_Mayan_kinship_systems_Epigraphic_and_ethnographic_evidence_for_patrilineality_1988_">Classic Mayan kinship systems: Epigraphic and ethnographic evidence for patrilineality (1988)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="90431" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NickHopkins">Nick Hopkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Estudios de Cultura Maya XVII:87-121., 1988</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper argues for the existence of a patrilineal kinship system among the Maya of the Classic period, based on ethnographic and ethnohistorical evidence; such a system is consistent with the epigraphic record of royal succession.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Classic Mayan kinship systems: Epigraphic and ethnographic evidence for patrilineality (1988)","attachmentId":60510209,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40273533/Classic_Mayan_kinship_systems_Epigraphic_and_ethnographic_evidence_for_patrilineality_1988_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40273533/Classic_Mayan_kinship_systems_Epigraphic_and_ethnographic_evidence_for_patrilineality_1988_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53974312,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53974312,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_53974312" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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