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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Letras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Letras</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letras-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Letras</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iniciales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iniciales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Iniciales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iniciales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Finales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Correspondencia_con_el_AFI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Correspondencia_con_el_AFI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Correspondencia con el AFI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Correspondencia_con_el_AFI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tonos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tonos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tonos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tonos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uso</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uso-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Uso</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anglófono" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglófono"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Anglófono</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglófono-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-República_de_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#República_de_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>República de China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-República_de_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandarín_y_uso_escolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandarín_y_uso_escolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mandarín y uso escolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandarín_y_uso_escolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de contenidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinyin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 109 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – afrikáans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikáans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينيين – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پينيپين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – azerbaiyano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньінь – bielorruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піньінь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিনিন – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_P%C4%ADng-%C4%ADng" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین-ین – kurdo sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پین-ین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – chuvasio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvasio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artículo bueno"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Πινγίν – griego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πινγίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjino" title="Pinjino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pinjino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – estonio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – euskera" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – frisón septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – chino gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chino gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE_Ph%C3%AEn-y%C3%AEm" title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm – chino hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chino hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פין-יין – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פין-יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पिनयिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिनयिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Փինյին – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փինյին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin-sistemo" title="Pinyin-sistemo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pinyin-sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="拼音 – japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拼音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფინინი – georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფინინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пінин – kazajo" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пінин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" title="한어병음 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한어병음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%86ji%C5%86s" title="Piņjiņs – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piņjiņs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പിൻ‌യിൻ – malayálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിൻ‌യിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="फीनयीन – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फीनयीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – malayo" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – bajo sajón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bajo sajón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="फिनयिन – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फिनयिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – noruego nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – noruego bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ – punyabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punyabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین ین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پین ین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – rumano" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пінїнь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінїнь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பின்யின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பின்யின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="พินอิน – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินอิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%86" title="پىنيىن – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىنيىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньїнь – ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піньїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Bính âm Hán ngữ – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bính âm Hán ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 – chino wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chino wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghyeam_Vahgun" title="Binghyeam Vahgun – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghyeam Vahgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 – chino" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD_Pheng-im" title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im – chino min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chino min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="普通話拼音 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普通話拼音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discusi%C3%B3n:Pinyin" rel="discussion" title="Discusión acerca de la página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><div class="rellink noprint hatnote"> Para otros usos de este término, véase <a href="/wiki/Pinyin_(desambiguaci%C3%B3n)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pinyin (desambiguación)">Pinyin (desambiguación)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;background:#e6e6e6;;">Hanyu Pinyin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/274px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/411px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/548px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="365" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;">Inicios (arranque) y finales (rima) de sílaba</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Tipo</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Transcripci%C3%B3n_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Transcripción (lingüística)">Transcripción</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Idiomas</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín">Chino mandarín</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Creador</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Youguang" title="Zhou Youguang">Zhou Youguang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Época</th><td colspan="2"> 1950</td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42222" class="extiw" title="d:Q42222">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Hànyǔ Pīnyīn</b></i> (en <a href="/wiki/Caracteres_chinos_simplificados" title="Caracteres chinos simplificados">chino simplificado</a>, <span lang="zh-Hans" title="Texto en idioma chino simplificado">汉语拼音</span>), comúnmente llamado <i><b>pinyin</b></i>, es el sistema de <a href="/wiki/Transcripci%C3%B3n_fon%C3%A9tica" title="Transcripción fonética">transcripción</a> del <a href="/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín">chino mandarín</a> más utilizado. Fue desarrollado en la década de 1950 por lingüistas de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China">República Popular China</a> para superar los complejos e inexactos <a href="/wiki/Sistemas_de_transcripci%C3%B3n_del_chino" title="Sistemas de transcripción del chino">sistemas de transcripción del chino</a> anteriores y fue adoptado por la <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Normalizaci%C3%B3n" title="Organización Internacional de Normalización">ISO</a> y la <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_de_las_Naciones_Unidas" title="Organización de las Naciones Unidas">ONU</a> en los 80. </p><p>Para representar la compleja <a href="/wiki/Fonolog%C3%ADa_del_chino_est%C3%A1ndar" title="Fonología del chino estándar">fonología del chino estándar</a> el pinyin se vale de todas las letras del <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a> básico (excepto la V) más cuatro dígrafos (sh, ch, zh, ng) y la u con diéresis (ü), además de cuatro acentos (ō, ó, ǒ, ò) que sirven para marcar los <a href="/wiki/Tonos_del_chino" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonos del chino">tonos del chino</a>. El sistema pinyin también dicta normas sobre el uso de mayúsculas y la separación de palabras. </p><p>Para el oyente hispanohablante, el uso de las vocales <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a,o,u<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> es similar, pero <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>e<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> suena más oscura, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>i<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> representa dos íes diferentes según la consonante, mientras que <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ü,ju,qu,xu,yu<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> representan la u francesa. En las consonantes hay aún más divergencia. Algunas diferencias notables son que <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>b,d,g<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> representan los sonidos hispanos p, t, k, mientras que <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>p,t,k<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> representan esos mismos sonidos pero con <a href="/wiki/Aspiraci%C3%B3n_(fon%C3%A9tica)" title="Aspiración (fonética)">aspiración</a>. También contrastan el par <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>c,z<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, que suenan como /ts/ (con y sin aspiración), así como los pares <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ch,zh<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> y <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>q,j<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, que son <a href="/wiki/Consonante_africada" title="Consonante africada">sonidos africados</a> que recuerdan a la /ch/ del español. Los sonidos que representan <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>x<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> y <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>r<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> no existen en español. Estas y otras diferencias hacen que el pinyin requiera estudio para poder pronunciarse correctamente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letras">Letras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Letras"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iniciales">Iniciales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Iniciales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td>b  p  m  f  </td> <td> d  t  n  l  </td> <td> g  k h  </td> <td> j  q  x  </td> <td> zh  ch  sh  r  </td> <td> z  c  s </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Según el esquema oficial de Hanyu Pinyin, hay un total de 21 letras o dígrafos para consonantes iniciales.<sup id="cite_ref-方案_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-方案-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La pronunciación del pinyin a menudo confunde a los hispanohablantes, como a hablantes de otras lenguas, porque en muchos casos las letras del pinyin no se corresponden con su sonido en español.<sup id="cite_ref-asiademica_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-asiademica-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align: left; width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letra </th> <th>Comparación con el español </th> <th>Aspiración </th> <th>Ejemplo </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: left"><small>Consonantes oclusivas con contraste de aspiración</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">b </td> <td rowspan="2">Como el sonido de la P</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/95\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u90a6 b\u0101ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-\u5e2e.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">邦 bāng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-帮.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">p </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a3\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u65c1 p\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-\u6ec2.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">旁 páng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-滂.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">d </td> <td rowspan="2">Como la T</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c2\/Zh-dan4.ogg\/Zh-dan4.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u86cb d\u00e0n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-dan4.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Zh-dan4.ogg/Zh-dan4.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">蛋 dàn</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-dan4.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-dan4.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">t </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/Zh-tan4.ogg\/Zh-tan4.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u70ad t\u00e0n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-tan4.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Zh-tan4.ogg/Zh-tan4.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">炭 tàn</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-tan4.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-tan4.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">g </td> <td rowspan="2">Como la K</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/94\/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5e72 g\u0101n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-g-\u5e72.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">干 gān</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-g-干.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">k </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4f\/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u53e3 k\u01d2u"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-k-\u53e3-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">口 kǒu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-k-口-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: left"><small>Consonantes africadas con contraste de aspiración</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">z </td> <td rowspan="2">Como ts en tsunami</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/be\/Zh-zao3.ogg\/Zh-zao3.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u65e9 z\u01ceo"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-zao3.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/Zh-zao3.ogg/Zh-zao3.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">早 zǎo</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-zao3.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-zao3.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">c </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/Zh-c%C7%8Eo.ogg\/Zh-c%C7%8Eo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u8349 c\u01ceo"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-c\u01ceo.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Zh-c%C7%8Eo.ogg/Zh-c%C7%8Eo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">草 cǎo</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-c%C7%8Eo.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-cǎo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">zh </td> <td rowspan="2">Como una ch retrofleja o ч en ruso</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u4e4b zh\u012b"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-zh-\u4e4b.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">之 zhī</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-zh-之.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ch </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c0\/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5403 ch\u012b"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-ch-\u5403-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">吃 chī</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-ch-吃-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">j </td> <td rowspan="2">Como una "ch", con una pronunciación palatal suave</td> <td><small>no aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-11" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u53eb ji\u00e0o"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-\u53eb.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">叫 jiào</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-叫.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">q </td> <td><small>aspirada</small></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-12" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u53bb q\u00f9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-\u53bb.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">去 qù</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-去.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: left"><small>Otras consonantes sin contraste de aspiración</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">s </td> <td colspan="2">Como la S</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-13" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u79c1 s\u012b"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u79c1.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">私 sī</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-私.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">sh </td> <td colspan="2">Similar a la sh inglesa pero retrofleja, o como ш en ruso</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-14" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/98\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u77e2 sh\u01d0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u77e2.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">矢 shǐ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-矢.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">x </td> <td colspan="2">Similar a la sh inglesa, pero con una pronunciación palatal suave</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-15" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3a\/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5c0f xi\u01ceo"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-x-\u6653.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">小 xiǎo</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-x-晓.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">r </td> <td colspan="2">En posición inicial de la sílaba, algunos hablantes pronuncian como [<a href="/wiki/Aproximante_retrofleja" title="Aproximante retrofleja">ɻ</a>] (una aproximante retrofleja), y algunos otros como [<a href="/wiki/Fricativa_retrofleja_sonora" title="Fricativa retrofleja sonora">ʐ</a>] (una fricativa retrofleja sonora, como una j en francés portugués retrofleja o ж en ruso).</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-16" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u65e5 r\u00ec"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u65e5.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">日 rì</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-日.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">m </td> <td colspan="2">Como la M</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-17" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a1\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u660e m\u00edng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-\u660e.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">明 míng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-明.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">n </td> <td colspan="2">Como la N</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-18" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u6ce5 n\u00ed"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-\u6ce5.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">泥 ní</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-泥.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">f </td> <td colspan="2">Como la F</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-19" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u975e f\u0113i"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-\u975e.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">非 fēi</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-非.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">l </td> <td colspan="2">Como la L</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-20" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u6765 l\u00e1i"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-l-\u6765-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">来 lái</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese-l-来-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">h </td> <td colspan="2">Como la J del español</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-21" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3d\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u706b hu\u01d2"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-\u706b.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">火 huǒ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-火.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finales">Finales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Finales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align:center;border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td>⁠a</td> <td style="background-color:palegreen">⁠o</td> <td style="background-color:plum">⁠e </td> <td>⁠ei</td> <td>⁠ai</td> <td>⁠ao</td> <td>⁠ou </td> <td>⁠an</td> <td style="background-color:pink">en </td> <td>⁠ ang</td> <td style="background-color:pink">⁠eng</td> <td style="background-color:wheat">ong </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:lightsalmon">i⁠</td> <td>ia</td> <td></td> <td>⁠ie </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>iao</td> <td style="background-color:palegreen">iou </td> <td style="background-color:bisque">ian</td> <td>⁠in </td> <td>⁠iang</td> <td>⁠ing</td> <td style="background-color:wheat">iong </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:lightsalmon">u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>⁠uo</td> <td> </td> <td>⁠uai</td> <td style="background-color:palegreen">⁠uei</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>⁠uan</td> <td style="background:linear-gradient(135deg, palegreen 50%, pink 51%);">uen </td> <td>uang</td> <td style="background-color:pink">ueng</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>⁠⁠ü</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>⁠üe </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:bisque">⁠üan</td> <td>⁠ün </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13" style="background:white;border:none"><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:plum; color:white">    </span> </span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:pink; color:white">    </span> </span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:bisque; color:white">    </span> </span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:wheat; color:white">    </span> Alófono</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:lightsalmon; color:white">    </span> Cambio</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:palegreen; color:white">    </span> Omisión</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Las letras vocales del pinyin, al contrario que las consonantes, no se pronuncian siempre igual y pueden cambiar mucho según la consonante y la vocal que las acompañe. Las letras vocales no se pueden combinar libremente, sino que junto a -n y -ng componen 38 posibles finales de sílaba.<sup id="cite_ref-方案_1-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-方案-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Adicionalmente, también existe el final en -r. </p><p>En la siguiente tabla se muestran las letras usadas para representar los finales y una descripción de su sonido seguido de las excepciones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align: left; width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letra </th> <th>Descripción </th> <th>Ejemplos </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center" rowspan="3">a </td> <td>Como la A del español en la mayoría de los casos</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-22" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1c\/Zh-ji%C4%81.ogg\/Zh-ji%C4%81.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5bb6 ji\u0101"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ji\u0101.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/Zh-ji%C4%81.ogg/Zh-ji%C4%81.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">家 jiā</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-ji%C4%81.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-jiā.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>De forma abierta posterior <a href="/wiki/Vocal_abierta_posterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal abierta posterior no redondeada">[ɑ]</a> cuando va antes de -ng o de -o (-ang, -ao, -iao, -iang)</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-23" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ec\/Zh-m%C3%A1ng.ogg\/Zh-m%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5fd9 m\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-m\u00e1ng.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Zh-m%C3%A1ng.ogg/Zh-m%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">忙 máng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-m%C3%A1ng.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-máng.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:bisque; color:white">    </span> </span> De forma semiabierta anterior <a href="/wiki/Vocal_casi_abierta_anterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal casi abierta anterior no redondeada">[æ]</a> o <a href="/wiki/Vocal_semiabierta_anterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal semiabierta anterior no redondeada">[ɛ]</a> después de i y antes de -n (-ian, -üan)</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-24" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/Zh-ti%C3%A1n.ogg\/Zh-ti%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u751c ti\u00e1n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ti\u00e1n.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Zh-ti%C3%A1n.ogg/Zh-ti%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">甜 tián</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-ti%C3%A1n.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-tián.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center" rowspan="3">e </td> <td>Como la E del español solo cuando va antes o después de i</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-25" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/Zh-bi%C3%A9.ogg\/Zh-bi%C3%A9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u522b bi\u00e9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-bi\u00e9.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Zh-bi%C3%A9.ogg/Zh-bi%C3%A9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">别 bié</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-bi%C3%A9.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-bié.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:plum; color:white">    </span> </span> De forma semicerrada posterior <a href="/wiki/Vocal_semicerrada_posterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal semicerrada posterior no redondeada">[ɤ]</a> cuando va sola</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-26" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7a\/Zh-g%C3%A9.ogg\/Zh-g%C3%A9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u683c g\u00e9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-g\u00e9.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Zh-g%C3%A9.ogg/Zh-g%C3%A9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">格 gé</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-g%C3%A9.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-gé.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:pink; color:white">    </span> </span> De forma media central <a href="/wiki/Vocal_media_central" title="Vocal media central">[ə]</a> antes de -n y -ng</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-27" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Zh-l%C4%9Bng.ogg\/Zh-l%C4%9Bng.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u51b7 l\u011bng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-l\u011bng.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-l%C4%9Bng.ogg/Zh-l%C4%9Bng.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">冷 lěng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-l%C4%9Bng.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-lěng.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center" rowspan="2">i </td> <td>Como la I del español en la mayoría de los casos</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-28" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Zh-n%C7%90.ogg\/Zh-n%C7%90.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u4f60 n\u01d0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-n\u01d0.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Zh-n%C7%90.ogg/Zh-n%C7%90.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">你 nǐ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-n%C7%90.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-nǐ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:lightsalmon; color:white">    </span> </span> Cambia a rima vacía, un sonido breve y fricativo <a href="/wiki/Vocal_cerrada_central_no_redondeada" title="Vocal cerrada central no redondeada">[ɨ]</a>, después de zh, ch, sh, z, c, s, r</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-29" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ed\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5b50 zi"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-\u5b50.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">子 zi</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav" title="Archivo:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-子.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center" rowspan="2">o </td> <td>Como la O del español en la mayoría de los casos</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-30" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/Zh-w%C7%92.ogg\/Zh-w%C7%92.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u6211 w\u01d2"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-w\u01d2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Zh-w%C7%92.ogg/Zh-w%C7%92.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">我 wǒ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-w%C7%92.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-wǒ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:wheat; color:white">    </span> </span> De forma más cerrada <a href="/wiki/Vocal_casi_cerrada_semiposterior_redondeada" title="Vocal casi cerrada semiposterior redondeada">[ʊ]</a> antes de -ng</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-31" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1e\/Zh-zh%C5%8Dng.ogg\/Zh-zh%C5%8Dng.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u4e2d zh\u014dng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-zh\u014dng.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Zh-zh%C5%8Dng.ogg/Zh-zh%C5%8Dng.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">中 zhōng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-zh%C5%8Dng.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-zhōng.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center" rowspan="2">u </td> <td>Como la U del español en la mayoría de los casos</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-32" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/Zh-m%C3%B9.ogg\/Zh-m%C3%B9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u76ee m\u00f9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-m\u00f9.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Zh-m%C3%B9.ogg/Zh-m%C3%B9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">目 mù</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-m%C3%B9.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-mù.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:lightsalmon; color:white">    </span> </span> Cambia a ü después de j, q, x</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-33" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9c\/Zh-q%C3%B9.ogg\/Zh-q%C3%B9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u53bb q\u00f9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-q\u00f9.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Zh-q%C3%B9.ogg/Zh-q%C3%B9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">去 qù</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-q%C3%B9.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-qù.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ü </td> <td>Como Ü en alemán o U en francés <a href="/wiki/Vocal_cerrada_anterior_redondeada" title="Vocal cerrada anterior redondeada">[y]</a></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-34" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Zh-n%C7%9A.ogg\/Zh-n%C7%9A.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5973 n\u01da"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-n\u01da.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Zh-n%C7%9A.ogg/Zh-n%C7%9A.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">女 nǚ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-n%C7%9A.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-nǚ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small>Omisión de vocales</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">iu </td> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:palegreen; color:white">    </span> </span> Después de consonante, se pronuncia -iou pero se escribe -iu</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-35" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/99\/Zh-li%C3%BA.ogg\/Zh-li%C3%BA.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u7559 li\u00fa"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-li\u00fa.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Zh-li%C3%BA.ogg/Zh-li%C3%BA.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">留 liú</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-li%C3%BA.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-liú.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ui </td> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:palegreen; color:white">    </span> </span> Después de consonante, se pronuncia -uei pero se escribe -ui</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-36" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/Zh-gui.ogg\/Zh-gui.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u9f9f gu\u012b"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-gui.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Zh-gui.ogg/Zh-gui.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">龟 guī</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-gui.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-gui.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">un </td> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:palegreen; color:white">    </span> </span> Después de consonante, se pronuncia -uen pero se escribe -un</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-37" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d5\/Zh-ch%C3%BAn.ogg\/Zh-ch%C3%BAn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u7eaf ch\u00fan"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ch\u00fan.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Zh-ch%C3%BAn.ogg/Zh-ch%C3%BAn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">纯 chún</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-ch%C3%BAn.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-chún.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">o </td> <td><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: var(--color-base,black); background-color:palegreen; color:white">    </span> </span> Después de b, p, m, f, en vez de -o se pronuncia -uo [ʷo]</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-38" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/Zh-m%C3%B3.ogg\/Zh-m%C3%B3.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u819c m\u00f3"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-m\u00f3.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Zh-m%C3%B3.ogg/Zh-m%C3%B3.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">膜 mó</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-m%C3%B3.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-mó.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small>Semi-vocales</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">y </td> <td>Cuando una sílaba empieza por i sin consonante, se usa y</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-39" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/29\/Zh-y%C3%AD.ogg\/Zh-y%C3%AD.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u79fb y\u00ed"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-y\u00ed.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Zh-y%C3%AD.ogg/Zh-y%C3%AD.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">移 yí</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-y%C3%AD.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-yí.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> <br /><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-40" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/eb\/Zh-y%C3%A1n.ogg\/Zh-y%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u6cbf y\u00e1n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-y\u00e1n.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Zh-y%C3%A1n.ogg/Zh-y%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">沿 yán</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-y%C3%A1n.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-yán.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">w </td> <td>Cuando una sílaba empieza por u sin consonante, se usa w</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-41" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/37\/Zh-w%C3%BA.ogg\/Zh-w%C3%BA.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u65e0 w\u00fa"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-w\u00fa.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/Zh-w%C3%BA.ogg/Zh-w%C3%BA.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">无 wú</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-w%C3%BA.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-wú.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> <br /><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-42" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c0\/Zh-w%C3%A1ng.ogg\/Zh-w%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u4ea1 w\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-w\u00e1ng.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Zh-w%C3%A1ng.ogg/Zh-w%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">亡 wáng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-w%C3%A1ng.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-wáng.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">yu </td> <td>Cuando una sílaba empieza por ü sin consonante, se usa yu</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-43" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/93\/Zh-y%C3%BA.ogg\/Zh-y%C3%BA.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u9c7c y\u00fa"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-y\u00fa.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Zh-y%C3%BA.ogg/Zh-y%C3%BA.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">鱼 yú</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-y%C3%BA.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-yú.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> <br /><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-44" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Zh-yu%C3%A1n.ogg\/Zh-yu%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5143 yu\u00e1n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-yu\u00e1n.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Zh-yu%C3%A1n.ogg/Zh-yu%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">元 yuán</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-yu%C3%A1n.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-yuán.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small>Consonantes finales</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">n </td> <td>Como la N del español a final de sílaba</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-45" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/Zh-f%C3%A1n.ogg\/Zh-f%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u7e41 f\u00e1n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-f\u00e1n.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/Zh-f%C3%A1n.ogg/Zh-f%C3%A1n.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">繁 fán</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-f%C3%A1n.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-fán.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ng </td> <td>Como la N de a<b>ng</b>osto</td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-46" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/de\/Zh-f%C3%A1ng.ogg\/Zh-f%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u9632 f\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-f\u00e1ng.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Zh-f%C3%A1ng.ogg/Zh-f%C3%A1ng.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">防 fáng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-f%C3%A1ng.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-fáng.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">r </td> <td>Véase <a href="/wiki/Erhua" title="Erhua">erhua</a></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-47" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7a\/Zh-%C3%A9r.ogg\/Zh-%C3%A9r.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u800c \u011br"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-\u00e9r.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Zh-%C3%A9r.ogg/Zh-%C3%A9r.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">而 ěr</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-%C3%A9r.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-ér.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notas<sup id="cite_ref-方案_1-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-方案-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ol><li>La sílaba ㄦ se escribe como er, cuando se usa como rima final se escribe como r. Por ejemplo: 儿童 ertong y 花儿 huar.</li> <li>Cuando e va sola, se escribe como ê.</li> <li>Se permite una ortografía abreviada con caracteres especiales, sustituyendo ng, zh, sh, ch por ŋ, ẑ, ŝ, ĉ.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Correspondencia_con_el_AFI">Correspondencia con el AFI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Correspondencia con el AFI"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align:center;border:none; background: transparent"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:transparent;border:none"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_labial" title="Consonante labial">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_alveolar" title="Consonante alveolar">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_retrofleja" title="Consonante retrofleja">Retrofleja</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_alveolo-palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Consonante alveolo-palatal">Alveolo-palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_velar" title="Consonante velar">Velar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonante_oclusiva" title="Consonante oclusiva">Oclusiva</a> </th> <th style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">No asp.</span> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sorda" title="Oclusiva bilabial sorda">b <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[p]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sorda" title="Oclusiva alveolar sorda">d <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[t]</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sorda" title="Oclusiva velar sorda">g <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[k]</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Aspirada</span> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sorda" title="Oclusiva bilabial sorda">p <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sorda" title="Oclusiva alveolar sorda">t <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sorda" title="Oclusiva velar sorda">k <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonante_nasal" title="Consonante nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_bilabial" title="Nasal bilabial">m <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[m]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_alveolar" title="Nasal alveolar">n <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[n]</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonante_africada" title="Consonante africada">Africada</a> </th> <th style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">No asp.</span> </th> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_alveolar_sorda" title="Africada alveolar sorda">z <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ts]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_retrofleja_sorda" title="Africada retrofleja sorda">zh <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ʈʂ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_alveopalatal_sorda" title="Africada alveopalatal sorda">j <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[tɕ]</span></a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Aspirada</span> </th> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_alveolar_sorda" title="Africada alveolar sorda">c <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[tsʰ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_retrofleja_sorda" title="Africada retrofleja sorda">ch <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ʈʂʰ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Africada_alveopalatal_sorda" title="Africada alveopalatal sorda">q <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[tɕʰ]</span></a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonante_fricativa" title="Consonante fricativa">Fricativa</a> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_labiodental_sorda" title="Fricativa labiodental sorda">f <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[f]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa alveolar sorda">s <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[s]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_retrofleja_sorda" title="Fricativa retrofleja sorda">sh <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ʂ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolo-palatal_sorda" title="Fricativa alveolo-palatal sorda">x <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_velar_sorda" title="Fricativa velar sorda">h <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[x]</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonante_l%C3%ADquida" title="Consonante líquida">Líquida</a> </th> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/Aproximante_lateral_alveolar" title="Aproximante lateral alveolar">l <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[l]</span></a> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;">r <a href="/wiki/Aproximante_retrofleja" title="Aproximante retrofleja"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɻ]</span></a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_retrofleja_sonora" title="Fricativa retrofleja sonora"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ʐ]</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align:center;border:none;background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:transparent;border:none"> </th> <th colspan="16">Rima </th></tr> <tr> <th>∅ </th> <th>-⁠o </th> <th>-⁠e </th> <th>-⁠a </th> <th>-⁠ei </th> <th>-⁠ai </th> <th>-⁠ou </th> <th>-⁠ao </th> <th>-⁠en </th> <th>-⁠an </th> <th>-⁠ang </th> <th>-⁠eng </th> <th>-⁠ong </th> <th>er </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Medial </th> <th>∅ </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɨ]</span><br />-⁠i </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɤ]</span><br />e </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span><br />ê </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[a]</span><br />a </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ei̯]</span><br />ei </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ai̯]</span><br />ai </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ou̯]</span><br />ou </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[au̯]</span><br />ao </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ən]</span><br />en </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[an]</span><br />an </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[aŋ]</span><br />ang </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[əŋ]</span><br />eng </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ʊŋ]</span><br />⁠ong </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɚ]</span><br />er </td></tr> <tr> <th>y⁠- <p>-⁠i⁠- </p> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[i]</span><br />yi<br />-⁠i </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[je]</span><br />ye<br />-⁠ie </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ja]</span><br />ya<br />-⁠ia </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[jou̯]</span><br />you<br />-⁠iu </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[jau̯]</span><br />yao<br />-⁠iao </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[in]</span><br />yin<br />-⁠in </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[jɛn]</span><br />yan<br />-⁠ian </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[jaŋ]</span><br />yang<br />-⁠iang </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[iŋ]</span><br />ying<br />-⁠ing </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[yʊŋ]</span><br />yong<br />-⁠iong </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>w⁠- <p>-⁠u⁠- </p> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[u]</span><br />wu<br />-⁠u </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wo]</span><br />wo<br />-⁠uo </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wa]</span><br />wa<br />-⁠ua </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wei̯]</span><br />wei<br />-⁠ui </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wai̯]</span><br />wai<br />-⁠uai </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wən]</span><br />wen<br />-⁠un </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wan]</span><br />wan<br />-⁠uan </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[waŋ]</span><br />wang<br />-⁠uang </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[wəŋ]</span><br />weng<br />-⁠eng </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>yu⁠- <p>-⁠ü⁠- </p> </th> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[y]</span><br />yu<br />-⁠ü </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɥe]</span><br />yue<br />-⁠üe </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[yn]</span><br />yun<br />-⁠ün </td> <td style="background: #f8f9fa;"><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">[ɥɛn]</span><br />yuan<br />-⁠üan </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tonos">Tonos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Tonos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El <a href="/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín">chino mandarín</a> es un <a href="/wiki/Lengua_tonal" title="Lengua tonal">idioma tonal</a>. Los tonos se marcan mediante el uso de <a href="/wiki/Acento_gr%C3%A1fico" title="Acento gráfico">acentos gráficos</a> sobre una <a href="/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal">vocal</a> no medial. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tonos"><img alt="Tonos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg/400px-4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg/600px-4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg/800px-4_Toene_des_Hochchinesischen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Tonos</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable center" style="text-align: left; width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Acento</th> <th>N.º</th> <th>Tono</th> <th><a href="/wiki/AFI" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI">AFI</a></th> <th>Ejemplo </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ā </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Alto y llano </td> <td><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">˥</span></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-48" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/01\/Zh-ba1.ogg\/Zh-ba1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"b\u0101"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ba1.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Zh-ba1.ogg/Zh-ba1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">bā</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-ba1.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-ba1.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">á </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Alto ascendente </td> <td><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">˧˥</span></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-49" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fa\/Zh-b%C3%A1.ogg\/Zh-b%C3%A1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"b\u00e1"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-b\u00e1.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Zh-b%C3%A1.ogg/Zh-b%C3%A1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">bá</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-b%C3%A1.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-bá.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">ǎ </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Descendente y remontante </td> <td><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">˨˩˦</span></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-50" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/Zh-b%C7%8E.ogg\/Zh-b%C7%8E.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"b\u01ce"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-b\u01ce.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Zh-b%C7%8E.ogg/Zh-b%C7%8E.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">bǎ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-b%C7%8E.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-bǎ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">à </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Descendente y breve </td> <td><span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">˥˩</span></td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-51" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Zh-b%C3%A0.ogg\/Zh-b%C3%A0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"b\u00e0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-b\u00e0.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-b%C3%A0.ogg/Zh-b%C3%A0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">bà</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-b%C3%A0.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-bà.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px; text-align:center">a </td> <td>0 </td> <td>Neutro </td> <td> </td> <td><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-52" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Zh-ba.ogg\/Zh-ba.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"ba"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"es","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ba.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Zh-ba.ogg/Zh-ba.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproducir audio" title="Reproducir audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">ba</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Zh-ba.ogg" title="Archivo:Zh-ba.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Como muchos <a href="/wiki/Tipo_de_letra" title="Tipo de letra">tipos de letra</a> utilizados en un ordenador carecen de acentos como el macrón o el carón, una convención común es indicar el número correspondiente al tono justo después de cada sílaba (por ejemplo, <i>tóng</i> (tong con el tono ascendente) se escribiría <i>tong<sup>2</sup></i>). El dígito se numera en el orden que se indica arriba, con una excepción: el «quinto tono», además de tener el número 5, puede no indicarse o indicarse con un 0, como en la partícula interrogativa <i>ma0</i> (吗/嗎). </p><p>Las vocales pinyin se ordenan en el siguiente orden: <i>a, o, e, i, u, ü</i>. En general, la marca tonal se coloca en la vocal que aparece antes en el orden indicado. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liú (aún no redactado)">Liú</a></i> es una excepción superficial cuya auténtica pronunciación es <i>lióu</i>, y como la <i>o</i> precede a la <i>i</i>, se marca la <i>óu</i> (que se contrae a <i>ú</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Historia"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El pinyin fue creado por el intelectual chino <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Youguang" title="Zhou Youguang">Zhou Youguang</a>, llamado «el padre del Pinyin», como parte de un programa iniciado en la década de 1950 por el gobierno de China para convertir el <a href="/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín">mandarín</a> en la lengua nacional de China, simplificar los caracteres e idear un nuevo alfabeto fonético.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Branigan_2008_6-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Branigan_2008-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Zhou estaba trabajando en un banco de Nueva York cuando volvió a China para ayudar a reconstruir el país después de la victoria del <a href="/wiki/Partido_Comunista_de_China" title="Partido Comunista de China">Partido Comunista de China</a> (PCCh) y su acceso al poder en 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Zhou fue profesor de economía en <a href="/wiki/Shangh%C3%A1i" title="Shanghái">Shanghái</a>. En el año 1954 el ministro de Educación de China creó el Comité para la Reforma de la lengua escrita china. Zhou trabajó en el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema caligráfico romanizado que permitió erradicar el analfabetismo en China;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> durante la <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Cultural" title="Revolución Cultural">Revolución Cultural</a>, el pinyin fue abandonado<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>9<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> y Zhou pasó dos años en un campo de labores forzosas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>10<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Zhou señaló años después que no era el padre del pinyin. «Soy el hijo del pinyin, que es el resultado de una larga tradición que se inicia en los últimos años de la <a href="/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Qing" title="Dinastía Qing">dinastía Qing</a>. Hemos estudiado el trabajo hecho y lo hemos mejorado».<sup id="cite_ref-Branigan_2008_6-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Branigan_2008-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso">Uso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Uso"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La utilidad principal del pinyin es la transcripción del chino estándar al alfabeto latino. Al mismo tiempo trata de ser un sistema de escritura fonémico (una letra, o un <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADgrafo" title="Dígrafo">dígrafo</a>, por fonema) del chino mandarín. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglófono"><span id="Angl.C3.B3fono"></span>Anglófono</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar sección: Anglófono"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debido a que el pinyin fue diseñado sobre todo para los angloparlantes,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>11<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> suele darse que "la pronunciación de una letra en pinyin no se corresponde con su sonido en español."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El pinyin es de más fácil uso a los anglohablantes que a quienes hablan español, a causa de sus orígenes en la lingüística inglesa.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="República_de_China"><span id="Rep.C3.BAblica_de_China"></span>República de China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar sección: República de China"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China" title="República de China">Taiwán</a> ha estado en proceso de adoptar el pinyin. En sus escuelas primarias se ha utilizado el sistema <a href="/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin">zhuyin</a>, y no hay un sistema de romanización oficial, a pesar de los múltiples esfuerzos. A finales de los noventa, el gobierno de Taiwán decidió reemplazar el sistema zhuyin por el sistema pinyin. Esto ha originado una discusión de qué sistema utilizar, si el <i>hànyǔ pīnyīn</i> o el <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin"><i>tōngyòng pīnyīn</i></a>. </p><p>Esta controversia es paralela con las tensiones políticas entre los partidarios de la independencia de Taiwán (que apoyan el uso del sistema <i>tōngyòng pīnyīn</i>) y los de la reunificación con China o mantenimiento del <i>statu quo</i> (partidarios del <i>hànyǔ pīnyīn</i>, el sistema utilizado en China continental). </p><p>En octubre de 2002, el gobierno de Taiwán eligió el sistema <i>tōngyòng pīnyīn</i> como oficial. Sin embargo, los gobiernos locales tienen derecho a elegir si aplican o no esta orden administrativa en su territorio, y las localidades bajo el mando del <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> han elegido utilizar el sistema <i>hànyǔ pīnyīn</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandarín_y_uso_escolar"><span id="Mandar.C3.ADn_y_uso_escolar"></span>Mandarín y uso escolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar sección: Mandarín y uso escolar"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El objetivo principal del pinyin en las escuelas chinas es enseñar la pronunciación del <a href="/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín">mandarín</a> (lengua oficial de <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China">China</a>) a hablantes de otras lenguas chinas. Dado que no todos los chinos hablan mandarín como lengua materna, algunos niños aprenden su pronunciación en la escuela, con ayuda del <i>pinyin</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-方案-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-方案_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-方案_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-方案_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation publicación"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/03/02/20150302165814246.pdf">«Esquema Hanyu Pinyin "汉语拼音方案<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>»</a>. <i>中华人民共和国教育部网站</i>. 11 de febrero de 1958.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=Esquema+Hanyu+Pinyin+%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%22&rft.date=11+de+febrero+de+1958&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F03%2F02%2F20150302165814246.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiademica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-asiademica_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFVarela_RiveraJulio_de_2014" class="citation publicación">Varela Rivera, Natalia (Julio de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.studenta.com/content/133351458/286851-text-de-larticle-395939-1-10-20150202">«La pronunciación del chino para hispanohablantes»</a>. <i>Asiadémica</i> (4).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=La+pronunciaci%C3%B3n+del+chino+para+hispanohablantes&rft.au=Varela+Rivera%2C+Natalia&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.aulast=Varela+Rivera&rft.date=Julio+de+2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Asiad%C3%A9mica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fes.studenta.com%2Fcontent%2F133351458%2F286851-text-de-larticle-395939-1-10-20150202&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hackingchinese.com/a-guide-to-pinyin-traps-and-pitfalls/#22">«A guide to Pinyin traps and pitfalls: Learning Mandarin pronunciation»</a>. Hacking Chinese.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.btitle=A+guide+to+Pinyin+traps+and+pitfalls%3A+Learning+Mandarin+pronunciation&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Hacking+Chinese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hackingchinese.com%2Fa-guide-to-pinyin-traps-and-pitfalls%2F%2322&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBassetti2007" class="citation publicación">Bassetti, Benedetta (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/528/1/528.pdf">«Effects of hanyu pinyin on pronunciation in learners of Chinese as a foreign language»</a>. <i>BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=Effects+of+hanyu+pinyin+on+pronunciation+in+learners+of+Chinese+as+a+foreign+language&rft.au=Bassetti%2C+Benedetta&rft.aufirst=Benedetta&rft.aulast=Bassetti&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIROn+-+Birkbeck+Institutional+Research+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.bbk.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F528%2F1%2F528.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJosh_Rudolph13_de_enero_de_2015" class="citation noticia">Josh Rudolph (13 de enero de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114150040/http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/01/linguist-zhou-youguangs-109th-birthday-wish-democracy/">«Zhou Youguang’s 109th Birthday Wish: Democracy»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Digital_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Digital Times (aún no redactado)">China Digital Times</a></i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/01/linguist-zhou-youguangs-109th-birthday-wish-democracy/">el original</a> el 14 de enero de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 16 de abril de 2020</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=Zhou+Youguang%E2%80%99s+109th+Birthday+Wish%3A+Democracy&rft.au=Josh+Rudolph&rft.aulast=Josh+Rudolph&rft.date=13+de+enero+de+2015&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Digital+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinadigitaltimes.net%2F2015%2F01%2Flinguist-zhou-youguangs-109th-birthday-wish-democracy%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Branigan_2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Branigan_2008_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Branigan_2008_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBranigan21_de_febrero_de_2008" class="citation noticia">Branigan, Tania (21 de febrero de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204061222/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/feb/21/china">«Sound Principles»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span> (Londres). Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/21/china">el original</a> el 4 de diciembre de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 20 de septiembre de 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=Sound+Principles&rft.au=Branigan%2C+Tania&rft.aufirst=Tania&rft.aulast=Branigan&rft.date=21+de+febrero+de+2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.place=Londres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fchina&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFForsythe30_de_septiembre_de_2009" class="citation noticia">Forsythe, Michael (30 de septiembre de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/asia/30iht-letter.html?_r=3">«A Spirit of Enduring Optimism»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=A+Spirit+of+Enduring+Optimism&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+Michael&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Forsythe&rft.date=30+de+septiembre+de+2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F30%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F30iht-letter.html%3F_r%3D3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFRohsenow,_John_S.1989" class="citation libro">Rohsenow, John S. (1989). «Fifty years of script and written language reform in the PRC: the genesis of the language law of 2001». En Zhou Minglang; Sun Hongkai, eds. <i>Language Policy In The People's Republic Of China: Theory And Practice Since 1949</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. p. 23.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=Language+Policy+In+The+People%27s+Republic+Of+China%3A+Theory+And+Practice+Since+1949&rft.au=Rohsenow%2C+John+S.&rft.aulast=Rohsenow%2C+John+S.&rft.btitle=Fifty+years+of+script+and+written+language+reform+in+the+PRC%3A+the+genesis+of+the+language+law+of+2001&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFPanmayo-agosto,_2011" class="citation publicación">Pan, Lien-Tan (mayo-agosto, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820083336/http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/586/58623582007.pdf">«La reforma de la escritura china: su romanización»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudios_de_Asia_y_%C3%81frica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estudios de Asia y África (aún no redactado)">Estudios de Asia y África</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/El_Colegio_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="El Colegio de México">El Colegio de México</a>) <b>46</b> (2): 407-435. <small><a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0185-0164">0185-0164</a></small>. <small>58623582007</small>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/586/58623582007.pdf">el original</a> el 20 de agosto de 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2020</span>. «Durante la época de la Revolución Cultural, 文化大革命 Wénhuà dà gémìng (1966-1976), el Hanyu pinyin cayó en descrédito. Los guardias rojos no apoyaron el uso del alfabeto latino, que veían como impropio de la cultura china. Tras el fallecimiento de Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976) volvería a potenciarse el conocimiento del Hanyu pinyin.»</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=La+reforma+de+la+escritura+china%3A+su+romanizaci%C3%B3n&rft.au=Pan%2C+Lien-Tan&rft.aufirst=Lien-Tan&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.date=mayo-agosto%2C+2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0185-0164&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Estudios+de+Asia+y+%C3%81frica&rft.pages=407-435&rft.pub=El+Colegio+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.volume=46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redalyc.org%2Fpdf%2F586%2F58623582007.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFLim19_de_octubre_de_2011" class="citation noticia">Lim, Louisa (19 de octubre de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415225125/https://www.npr.org/2011/10/19/141503738/at-105-celebrated-chinese-linguist-now-a-dissident?t=1586949346599">«At 105, Chinese Linguist Now A Government Critic»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> (NPR)</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/10/19/141503738/at-105-celebrated-chinese-linguist-now-a-dissident?t=1586949346599">el original</a> el 15 de abril de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2020</span>. «In the late 1960s, he was branded a reactionary and sent to a labor camp for two years.»</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=At+105%2C+Chinese+Linguist+Now+A+Government+Critic&rft.au=Lim%2C+Louisa&rft.aufirst=Louisa&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.date=19+de+octubre+de+2011&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio+%28NPR%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F10%2F19%2F141503738%2Fat-105-celebrated-chinese-linguist-now-a-dissident%3Ft%3D1586949346599&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFYagüefebrero_de_1996" class="citation publicación">Yagüe, Javier (febrero de 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604104103/https://ec.europa.eu/translation/spanish/magazine/documents/pyc_039_es.pdf">«¿Qué hacemos con el pinyin?»</a>. En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Traducci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirección General de Traducción (aún no redactado)">Dirección General de Traducción</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Europea" title="Comisión Europea">Comisión Europea</a>, ed. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puntoycoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puntoycoma (aún no redactado)">puntoycoma</a></i> (39): 2-5. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/translation/spanish/magazine/documents/pyc_039_es.pdf">el original</a> el 4 de junio de 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2020</span>. «[...] una de las objeciones habituales al Pinyin es que fue concebido pensando sobre todo en los hablantes de lengua inglesa. La observación es correcta, [...].»</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=%C2%BFQu%C3%A9+hacemos+con+el+pinyin%3F&rft.au=Yag%C3%BCe%2C+Javier&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft.aulast=Yag%C3%BCe&rft.date=febrero+de+1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=39&rft.jtitle=puntoycoma&rft.pages=2-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftranslation%2Fspanish%2Fmagazine%2Fdocuments%2Fpyc_039_es.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFVarela_Riverajulio_de_2014" class="citation publicación">Varela Rivera, Natalia (julio de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235137/http://www.asiademica.com/n04/">«La pronunciación del chino para hispanohablantes»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiad%C3%A9mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiadémica (aún no redactado)">Asiadémica</a></i> (4): 37. <small><a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2341-233X">2341-233X</a></small>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiademica.com/n04/">el original</a> el 15 de abril de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2020</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.atitle=La+pronunciaci%C3%B3n+del+chino+para+hispanohablantes&rft.au=Varela+Rivera%2C+Natalia&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.aulast=Varela+Rivera&rft.date=julio+de+2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2341-233X&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Asiad%C3%A9mica&rft.pages=37&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiademica.com%2Fn04%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFCortés_Moreno2017" class="citation libro">Cortés Moreno, Maximiano (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=opqZDwAAQBAJ"><i>Chino y español: un análisis contrastivo</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parolas_Languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parolas Languages (aún no redactado)">Parolas Languages</a>. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 15 de abril de 2020</span>. «[Wade-Giles, Pinyin, etc...] todos ellos han recibido la influencia de la lingüística anglosajona, de modo que no son tan fáciles de interpretar por un hispanohablante como lo son por un anglohablante.»</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APinyin&rft.au=Cort%C3%A9s+Moreno%2C+Maximiano&rft.aufirst=Maximiano&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s+Moreno&rft.btitle=Chino+y+espa%C3%B1ol%3A+un+an%C3%A1lisis+contrastivo&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Parolas+Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DopqZDwAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistemas_de_transcripci%C3%B3n_del_chino" title="Sistemas de transcripción del chino">Sistemas de transcripción del chino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu romatzyh">Gwoyeu romatzyh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin">Zhuyin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161979998">.mw-parser-output .caja{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;width:255px}.mw-parser-output .caja-tabla{border-spacing:0;width:100%;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .caja-imagen,.mw-parser-output .caja-imagen-derecha{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .caja-texto{font-size:small;line-height:1.5em;padding:.5em}</style><div class="caja noprint infobox sisterproject" style="width:286px; border:1px solid #B4BBC8; padding-left: 5px;"> <table class="caja-tabla"><tbody><tr><td class="caja-imagen" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/40px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/60px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/80px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td> <td class="caja-texto" style=""><b>Prueba <a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/cmn" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/cmn">Wikipedia en Pinyin</a></b> en la Incubadora de Wikimedia.</td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706084310/http://www.kanglin-software.com/LittlePinApp/LittlePinyinApp.aspx">Little Pinyin</a> App 1.0 en línea</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/romcover.html">Nuevas directrices de romanización china</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_del_Congreso_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos">Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos</a> (en inglés)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinoesfera.com/">Aprender chino</a> Portal y radio del UCE en línea</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216212603/http://blabi.com/">Recursos para aprender chino</a> - diccionario, fuentes, fonética, flashcards, tests interactivos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chino-china.com/herramientas/editor-pinyin.html">Editor Pinyin</a> Para escribir en pinyin con los tonos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chino-china.com/herramientas/pinyin.html">Pronunciación del chino</a> Da el pinyin de un texto en caracteres chinos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050424175014/http://www.upf.edu/materials/huma/central/eines/py-wade.htm">Tabla de conversión entre los sistemas Pinyin y Wade-Giles de transliteración</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinoesfera.com/editor.php">Editor chino</a> Editor bifásico de pinyin en línea</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051222083449/http://www.pantheon.org/miscellaneous/conversion_chart.html">Pinyin / Wade-Giles conversion chart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinesetopinyin.com/">Caracteres a Pinyin</a> Herramienta en línea de conversión</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080323175840/http://www.kanglin-software.com/">Conversión a Pinyin</a> Herramienta adicional de paso a pinyin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quickmandarin.com/chinesepinyintable/">pinyin tabla con sonido</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106003931/http://www.quickmandarin.com/chinesepinyintable/">Archivado</a> el 6 de enero de 2011 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aprendechinomandarin.com/pronunciacion/">Pinyin Lista de 1640 sílabas con audio (mp3)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42222" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q42222">Q42222</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin">Pinyin</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q42222%22">Q42222</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4246214-9">4246214-9</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pinyin-romanization">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42222" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q42222">Q42222</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin">Pinyin</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q42222%22">Q42222</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenido de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&oldid=164507729">https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&oldid=164507729</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categorías</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Sistemas_de_transcripci%C3%B3n_del_chino" 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