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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_background_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_background_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Family background and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_background_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_service_and_business_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_service_and_business_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Civil service and business interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_service_and_business_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance_Minister_(1947–51)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance_Minister_(1947–51)"> 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malik Ghulam Muhammad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="مالك غلام محمد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مالك غلام محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6" title="মালিক গোলাম মুহাম্মদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালিক গোলাম মুহাম্মদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Ghulam Muhammad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="غلام محمد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غلام محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A2%27%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מאליק ע'ולאם מוחמד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאליק ע'ולאם מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ملک غلام محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملک غلام محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4,_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мухаммад, Гулам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммад, Гулам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="மாலிக் குலாம் முகமது – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாலிக் குலாம் முகமது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Гулам Мухаммад – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гулам Мухаммад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="ملک غلام محمد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملک غلام محمد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%90%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="马利克·吴拉姆·穆罕默德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马利克·吴拉姆·穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governor-General of Pakistan from 1951 to 1956</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک غلام محمد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malik_Muhammad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Malik_Muhammad.jpg/190px-Malik_Muhammad.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Malik_Muhammad.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General of Pakistan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 October 1951 – 7 August 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Bogra" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Bogra">Muhammad Ali Bogra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Ali_Mirza" title="Iskandar Ali Mirza">Iskandar Ali Mirza</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Finance (Pakistan)">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 August 1947 – 19 October 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a><br />Sir <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">K. Nazimuddin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Muhammad_Ali" title="Chaudhry Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–1948)</span><br />Sir <a href="/wiki/Victor_Turner_(civil_servant)" title="Victor Turner (civil servant)">Victor Turner</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948–1951)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Muhammad_Ali" title="Chaudhry Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-08-29</span>)</span>29 August 1895<br /><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1956<span style="display:none">(1956-08-29)</span> (aged 61)<br />Lahore, <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a>, Pakistan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><i>Fauji Qabrastan near CSD off Shahra-e-Faisal</i> <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–1956)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Badshah Begum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Two</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Accountancy" title="Bachelor of Accountancy">Acc.</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Civil servant, Chartered Accountant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/30px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/45px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/60px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/30px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/45px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (20 April 1895 – 29 August 1956) was a Pakistani politician and economist who served as the third <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">governor-general of Pakistan</a> from 1951 to 1955. </p><p>Educated at the <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a> (AMU), he joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Civil Service (British India)">Indian Civil Service</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Chartered_accountant" title="Chartered accountant">chartered accountant</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Accounts_Service" title="Indian Railway Accounts Service">Indian Railway Accounts Service</a> before being promoted to join the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> under <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a> in 1946. After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Independence of Pakistan</a> in 1947, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Category:First_Pakistani_Cabinet" title="Category:First Pakistani Cabinet">Liaquat administration</a> as the country's first <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of Pakistan">Finance Minister</a> where he helped draft the <a href="/wiki/First_Five-Year_Plans_(Pakistan)" title="First Five-Year Plans (Pakistan)">first five-year plans</a> to alleviate the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">national economy</a>. He co-founded Mahindra & Mohammed in 1945 (later <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> in 1948) with <a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Chandra_Mahindra" title="Jagdish Chandra Mahindra">Jagdish Chandra Mahindra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Chandra_Mahindra" title="Kailash Chandra Mahindra">Kailash Chandra Mahindra</a>. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan">assassination</a> of prime minister <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a> in 1951, Malik was invited to be the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a> by Sir <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a> who himself took over the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a>. Nationwide violence in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Language Movement">language movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/1953_Lahore_riots" title="1953 Lahore riots">religious riots</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> made him dismiss the Nazimuddin administration using the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">reserve powers</a> to restore stability. In 1955, he was forced to resign from the post of Governor-General due to worsening of his health conditions by then-<a href="/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior Minister of Pakistan">Interior Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Ali_Mirza" title="Iskandar Ali Mirza">Iskandar Ali Mirza</a>, who himself took control of the office. After resignation, he fought a brief but unsuccessful battle with his illness, that ultimately resulted in his death in 1956. </p><p>His personal image is viewed negatively by <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_historians" title="Category:Pakistani historians">Pakistan's historians</a>, criticized for giving rise to political intrigue, undermining the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_control_of_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian control of the military">civilian control of the military</a> by authorizing <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial law in Pakistan">martial law in Pakistan</a>, and devaluing nascent democratic norms by sacking the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Constituent Assembly of Pakistan">Constituent Assembly of Pakistan</a> during <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Bogra" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Bogra">Prime Minister Bogra's</a> tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_background_and_education">Family background and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family background and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malik Ghulam Muhammad was born in a <a href="/wiki/Kakazai" title="Kakazai">Kakazai</a> family, in suburban neighbourhood near <a href="/wiki/Mochi_Gate" title="Mochi Gate">Mochi Gate</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-express_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-express-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pakistanherald_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pakistanherald-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-samaatv_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samaatv-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kakazai_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kakazai-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Routledge,_Kumarasingham_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge,_Kumarasingham-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing his schooling in Lahore, he went to <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> in Uttar Pradesh to attend the <a href="/wiki/Muhammadan_Anglo-Oriental_College" title="Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College">MAO College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a> (AMU), and was a roommate of <a href="/wiki/Nazir_Ahmed_(physicist)" title="Nazir Ahmed (physicist)">Nazir Ahmed</a>, a physicist and a bureaucrat.<sup id="cite_ref-Springer,_Rizvi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springer,_Rizvi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At AMU he gained a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samaa'TV,_2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samaa'TV,_2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-storyofpakistan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_service_and_business_interests">Civil service and business interests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Civil service and business interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a></div> <p>After graduating from AMU, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Audit_and_Accounts_Service" title="Indian Audit and Accounts Service">Audit and Accounts Service</a> in March 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Springer,_Malik_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springer,_Malik-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mustafain_&_Murtazain,_Raza_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mustafain_&_Murtazain,_Raza-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 630">: 630 </span></sup> In January 1921, he received his first official appointment as assistant audit officer with the <a href="/wiki/Oudh_and_Rohilkhand_Railway" title="Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway">Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon its merger into the <a href="/wiki/East_Indian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="East Indian Railway">East Indian Railway</a> in 1925, Muhammad was briefly appointed a government executor of accounts with the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_and_North_Western_Railway" title="Bengal and North Western Railway">Bengal and North Western Railway</a>, serving in this capacity from January to November. Having earned a reputation as an able and competent accountant, he was then appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Railway Board">Indian Railway Board</a> before becoming the Controller of General Supplies and Purchase of the Indian Railways.<sup id="cite_ref-Mustafain_&_Murtazain,_Raza_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mustafain_&_Murtazain,_Raza-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274–275">: 274–275 </span></sup> From June 1932 to February 1934, he was attached to the administration of <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_State" title="Bhopal State">Bhopal State</a>, and worked under its nawab, <a href="/wiki/Hamidullah_Khan" title="Hamidullah Khan">Hamidullah Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1934, he returned to government service and was appointed deputy accountant-general (posts and telegraphs); in May, he was appointed as officiating deputy director-general (posts and telegraphs, finance), and was confirmed in the appointment in January 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1936, he was appointed as officiating financial officer in the same department, was confirmed in his appointment in April 1937 and was promoted to financial officer (communications) in October.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Muhammad was successively appointed to increasingly important positions: chief controller of stores in March 1940, controller-general of purchase in September 1940 and additional secretary to the Department of Supply in March 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wartime services as a professional accountant were recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> that year when he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire">Companion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a> (CIE) in the <a href="/wiki/1941_Birthday_Honours" title="1941 Birthday Honours">1941 Birthday Honours</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1942, Muhammad was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a> administration,<sup id="cite_ref-record_list_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record_list-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he served as an advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>. </p><p>In 1945, he helped co-found the Mahindra and Mohamed Steel Company together with steel industrialists, <a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Chandra_Mahindra" title="Jagdish Chandra Mahindra">JC Mahindra</a> and KC Mahindra where Muhammad served the company's chartered accountant.<sup id="cite_ref-Lexington_Books,_Jacobs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexington_Books,_Jacobs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945–47, the company initially registered as the <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mohammad</a>, and started the <a href="/wiki/Licensed_production" title="Licensed production">licensed production</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Willys_MB" title="Willys MB">Willys jeeps</a> in Bombay as Muhammad looked after the company's revenue and finances.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahindra_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahindra-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he was asked by <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Bahawalpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of Bahawalpur">Nawab of Bahawalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_V" title="Sadeq Mohammad Khan V">Sir Sadeq Mohammad Khan V</a> to represent him at the <a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a>, and during this time, he began formatting political relations with Liaquat Ali Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left Hyderabad left to join the Ministry of Finance in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1946_Birthday_Honours" title="1946 Birthday Honours">1946 King's Birthday Honours List</a>, the last honours list in which Indian civil servants were recognised, he received a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance_Minister_(1947–51)"><span id="Finance_Minister_.281947.E2.80.9351.29"></span>Finance Minister (1947–51)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Finance Minister (1947–51)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946–47, Muhammad left <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_and_Mahindra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahindra and Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> and joined the Ministry of Finance as a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet Secretary</a> under Finance Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, assisting him in drafting and preparing India's first <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">union budget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After witnessing the Partition of India in 1947, he decided to acquire the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani citizenship">citizenship</a> of Pakistan and permanently settled in his native city, Lahore, on 14 August 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was brought up in the Liaquat administration when Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan appointed him as country's first Finance Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He presented the first budget and submitted the draft of the <a href="/wiki/First_Five-Year_Plans_(Pakistan)" title="First Five-Year Plans (Pakistan)">First Five-Year Plans</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, Muhammad invited leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> to the International Islamic Economics Organization in Pakistan, where he emphasised the idea of a Muslim economic bloc.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, he survived the fatal attack of <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> that made him unable to talk or move effectively and began experiencing with poor health conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2014_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor-General">Governor-General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governor-General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1953_Pakistani_constitutional_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 Pakistani constitutional coup">1953 Pakistani constitutional coup</a></div> <p>As early as 1951, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan had made a decision of removing Finance Minister Ghulam Muhammad due to his continuing worsening health conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the decision was not taken due to the assassination of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in October 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 October 1951, Sir <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a> nominated himself to succeed as Prime Minister, appointing his own cabinet, and consequently resigned his position as Governor-General of Pakistan and recommended <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a> to appoint Muhammad to succeed him as Governor-General.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, Muhammad represented Pakistan at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II">Coronation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> alongside the Governors-General from <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Dominion of Ceylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pride_of_Pakistan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pride_of_Pakistan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon returning to Pakistan, he witnessed the agitation caused by the language movement in Dacca in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, and the series of anti-Qadiyani protests in Lahore, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> in Pakistan. Both events led him to use the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> against Prime Minister Nazimuddin, effectively dismissing his administration only to be replaced with diplomat <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Bogra" title="Mohammad Ali Bogra">M. A. Bogra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge,_Chak-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 118–119">: 118–119 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1954, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Constituent Assembly of Pakistan">Constituent Assembly</a> made legislative attempts to try changing the 1935 act to establish <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_Balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and Balances">checks and balances</a> on the Governor-General's powers.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press,_Siddiqui_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press,_Siddiqui-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 236">: 236 </span></sup> In response, Muhammad dismissed the Constituent Assembly, an action that was challenged in the <a href="/wiki/Sindh_High_Court" title="Sindh High Court">Sindh High Court</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maulvi_Tamizuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulvi Tamizuddin">Maulvi Tamizuddin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a> of the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge,_Chak-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 118–119">: 118–119 </span></sup> The Sindh High Court's Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/George_Baxandall_Constantine" title="George Baxandall Constantine">Sir George Constantine</a> ruled the Governor-General's decision unlawful, but the ruling was overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Court of Pakistan">Federal Court of Pakistan</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Munir" title="Muhammad Munir">Muhammad Munir</a>, in a split decision.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge,_Chak-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 119–121">: 119–121 </span></sup> </p><p>Historians consider this action the beginning of viceregal politics in Pakistan, in which the military and civil <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>, not elected officials, would gain increasing influence over the country's policymaking.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this time, Muhammad's health began to deteriorate, and <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> spread through his whole body, forcing him to take a leave of absence in 1955 to seek treatment in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his capacity, he appointed Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Ali_Mirza" title="Iskandar Ali Mirza">Iskandar Ali Mirza</a> as acting Governor-General, but Mirza dismissed him from his post in order to take his place, supported by the Constituent Assembly's legislators.<sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_(4973877856).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg/220px-Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg/330px-Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg/440px-Ghulam_Muhammad_Malik_%284973877856%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Malik's grave at Fauji Qabrastan, next to Gora Qabrastan (Christians) near CSD off Shahra-e-Faisal<i> <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 August 1956, Malik Ghulam Muhammad died and was buried in Karachi in Foji Qabristan, next to Christian's Graveyard, <a href="/wiki/Gora_Qabaristan,_Karachi" title="Gora Qabaristan, Karachi">Gora Qabristan</a> in Karachi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک غلام محمد</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-storyofpakistan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storyofpakistan.com/ghulam-muhammad/">Ghulam Muhammad - Story of Pakistan</a>, Retrieved 8 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-express-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-express_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRahi2020" class="citation web cs1">Rahi, Arwin (25 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503132315/https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/94157/why-afghanistan-should-leave-pakistani-pashtuns-alone/">"Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i> (Opinion). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prideofpakistan.com&rft.atitle=Malik+Ghulam+Muhammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprideofpakistan.com%2Fdetail-who-is-who.php%3Fname%3DMalikGhulamMuhammad%26id%3D751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalik+Ghulam+Muhammad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge,_Chak-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge,_Chak_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChak2015" class="citation book cs1">Chak, Farhan Mujahid (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xndsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117">"The Constitutional cases"</a>. <i>Islam and Pakistan's Political Culture</i> (1 ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-65794-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-65794-1"><bdi>978-1-317-65794-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Constitutional+cases&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Pakistan%27s+Political+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=180&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-65794-1&rft.aulast=Chak&rft.aufirst=Farhan+Mujahid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxndsBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalik+Ghulam+Muhammad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press,_Siddiqui-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press,_Siddiqui_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2001" class="citation book cs1">Siddique, Osama (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OibeAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA236">"Approaches to legal and judicial reforms in Pakistan"</a>. <i>Pakistan's Experience with Formal Law: An Alien Justice</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03815-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03815-8"><bdi>978-1-107-03815-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+legal+and+judicial+reforms+in+Pakistan&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Experience+with+Formal+Law%3A+An+Alien+Justice&rft.pages=451&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03815-8&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Osama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOibeAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalik+Ghulam+Muhammad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717123631/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,857631,00.html">"The New Dictatorship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 8 November 1954. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,857631,00.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+New+Dictatorship&rft.date=1954-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C857631%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalik+Ghulam+Muhammad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakinformation.com/governer-generals.html">Governors-General of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of Pakistan">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />1947–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Muhammad_Ali" title="Chaudhry Muhammad Ali">Chaudhry Muhammad Ali</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General of Pakistan</a> </b><br />1951–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Syed_Amjad_Ali" title="Syed Amjad Ali">Syed Amjad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shoaib" title="Muhammad Shoaib">Muhammad Shoaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N_M_Uqaili" class="mw-redirect" title="N M Uqaili">N M Uqaili</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Ahsan" title="Syed Mohammad Ahsan">Syed Mohammad Ahsan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Ali_Khan_Qizilbash" title="Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash">Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Mohammad_Hanif_Khan" title="Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan">Rana Hanif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafeez_Pirzada" title="Abdul Hafeez Pirzada">Abdul Hafeez Pirzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">Ghulam Ishaq Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahbub_ul_Haq" title="Mahbub ul Haq">Mahbub ul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Wattoo" title="Yasin Wattoo">Yasin Wattoo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahbub_ul_Haq" title="Mahbub ul Haq">Mahbub ul Haq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaj_Aziz" title="Sartaj Aziz">Sartaj Aziz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syed_Babar_Ali" title="Syed Babar Ali">Syed Babar Ali</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naveed_Qamar" title="Naveed Qamar">Naveed Qamar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahid_Javed_Burki" title="Shahid Javed Burki">Shahid Javed Burki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaj_Aziz" title="Sartaj Aziz">Sartaj Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Dar" title="Ishaq Dar">Ishaq Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Aziz" title="Shaukat Aziz">Shaukat Aziz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salman_Shah_(economist)" title="Salman Shah (economist)">Salman Shah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Dar" title="Ishaq Dar">Ishaq Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naveed_Qamar" title="Naveed Qamar">Naveed Qamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Tarin" title="Shaukat Tarin">Shaukat Tarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafeez_Shaikh" title="Abdul Hafeez Shaikh">Abdul Hafeez Shaikh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saleem_Mandviwalla" title="Saleem Mandviwalla">Saleem Mandviwalla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Dar" title="Ishaq Dar">Ishaq Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miftah_Ismail" title="Miftah Ismail">Miftah Ismail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shamshad_Akhtar" title="Shamshad Akhtar">Shamshad Akhtar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_Umar" title="Asad Umar">Asad Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafeez_Shaikh" title="Abdul Hafeez Shaikh">Abdul Hafeez Shaikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammad_Azhar" title="Hammad Azhar">Hammad Azhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Tarin" title="Shaukat Tarin">Shaukat Tarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miftah_Ismail" title="Miftah Ismail">Miftah Ismail</a></li> <li><a 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