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落葉樹林 - Wikipedia
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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概説" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概説"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概説</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概説-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-気候との関連" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#気候との関連"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>気候との関連</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-気候との関連-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特徴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特徴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>特徴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特徴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-落葉樹と落葉樹林" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#落葉樹と落葉樹林"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>落葉樹と落葉樹林</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-落葉樹と落葉樹林-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">落葉樹林</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。 利用可能な言語22件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="アラビア語: غابة نفضية" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غابة نفضية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="ベラルーシ語: Лісцевыя лясы" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лісцевыя лясы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ベラルーシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listnat%C3%BD_les" title="チェコ語: Listnatý les" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Listnatý les" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="チュヴァシ語: Çам (вăрман)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çам (вăрман)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="チュヴァシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8vskov" title="デンマーク語: Løvskov" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Løvskov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="デンマーク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laubwald" title="ドイツ語: Laubwald" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laubwald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deciduous_forest" title="英語: Deciduous forest" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deciduous forest" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliarbaro" title="エスペラント語: Foliarbaro" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Foliarbaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="エスペラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosques_de_hayas" title="スペイン語: Bosques de hayas" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bosques de hayas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehtmets" title="エストニア語: Lehtmets" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lehtmets" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leafw%C3%A2ld" title="西フリジア語: Leafwâld" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leafwâld" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西フリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjelogori%C4%8Dna_%C5%A1uma" title="クロアチア語: Bjelogorična šuma" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bjelogorična šuma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="カザフ語: Жапырақты ормандар" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапырақты ормандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="カザフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapuo%C4%8Di%C5%B3_mi%C5%A1kai" title="リトアニア語: Lapuočių miškai" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lapuočių miškai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loofbos" title="オランダ語: Loofbos" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loofbos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_li%C5%9Bciasty" title="ポーランド語: Las liściasty" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Las liściasty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83dure_de_foioase" title="ルーマニア語: Pădure de foioase" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pădure de foioase" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="ロシア語: Лиственный лес" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лиственный лес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listnat%C3%BD_les" title="スロバキア語: Listnatý les" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Listnatý les" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="スロバキア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6vskog" title="スウェーデン語: Lövskog" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lövskog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="タタール語: Яфраклы урман" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яфраклы урман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="タタール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="ウクライナ語: Листяний ліс" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Листяний ліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1211122#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="「本文ページについての議論」 (存在しないページ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected 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href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22&num=50">"落葉樹林"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22&tbm=nws">ニュース</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&tbs=bks:1&q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">書籍</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?num=100&hl=ja&q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">スカラー</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/opensearch/search?lang=ja&q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22&range=2&count=200&sortorder=1&type=0">CiNii</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/result/global/-char/ja?globalSearchKey=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">J-STAGE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/openurl?any=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlib.jp/?q=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">dlib.jp</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jpsearch.go.jp/csearch/jps-cross?csid=jps-cross&keyword=%22%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%22">ジャパンサーチ</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/">TWL</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date"><span title="2013年6月22日 (土) 19:49 (UTC)">2013年6月</span></span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg/250px-Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg/375px-Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg/500px-Langaa_egeskov_rimfrost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>落葉樹林</figcaption></figure> <p><b>落葉樹林</b>(らくようじゅりん、英語deciduous forest)というのは、一定の季節に一斉に<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉">葉</a>を落とす(<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="落葉">落葉</a>する)<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>である。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概説"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AA.AC"></span>概説</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 概説"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>温暖で水分に不足しない環境が<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="樹木">樹木</a>にとっては理想的であり、年間を通じてこの条件が保たれていればそこには<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B7%91%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="常緑樹林">常緑樹林</a>が成立する。一方この条件が保てない時期が存在する場合、樹木はこれに対応しなければならなくなる。このとき、もっとも問題になるのが<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉">葉</a>をどうするかである。葉は、樹木にとっては<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="光合成">光合成</a>を行うことで栄養を作る大事な部分であり、長持ちさせたい。しかし、葉は薄くて突出しており、乾燥や冷気に弱い構造でもある。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="乾期">乾期</a>や冬季がそれほどひどくなければ、樹木は葉を捨てずに切り抜ける。その代わりに、葉を小さく厚く、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9" title="クチクラ">クチクラ</a>層を発達させるなど、乾燥や寒期に耐久性を持たせる。 </p><p>しかし、それでも耐えられない程度のところでは、樹木はつらい時期に葉を捨て、好適な期間だけ葉を広げた方が有利である。このような戦略をとる樹木を<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="落葉樹">落葉樹</a></b>という。落葉樹は毎年葉を作っては捨てるために、一定の資源の消費を負担しなければならない。その代わり、条件の良い時期だけ葉を持てばよいので、葉は薄くてやや広いものが作れる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="気候との関連"><span id=".E6.B0.97.E5.80.99.E3.81.A8.E3.81.AE.E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3"></span>気候との関連</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 気候との関連"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF" title="熱帯">熱帯</a>で年間を通じて多湿であれば、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97" title="熱帯雨林">熱帯雨林</a>が成立する。熱帯の中でもある程度以上乾期が強い地域では、乾期に葉を落とす森林、<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E7%B7%91%E6%9E%97" title="雨緑林">雨緑林</a></b>が成立する。 </p><p>熱帯から高<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="緯度">緯度</a>の方向に目を向ければ、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF" title="亜熱帯">亜熱帯</a>から<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%AF" title="温帯">温帯</a>にかけては熱帯雨林より規模が小さく、小さな葉を持つ<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B7%91%E5%BA%83%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="常緑広葉樹林">常緑広葉樹林</a>がある。それより寒い地域では、温帯性の<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E5%BA%83%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="落葉広葉樹林">落葉広葉樹林</a></b>がある。日本では<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%8A%E6%9E%97" title="ブナ林">ブナ林</a>がその代表である。 </p><p>さらに寒い地域では<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9" title="広葉樹">広葉樹</a>は生育できなくなり、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" title="針葉樹林">針葉樹林</a>が成立する。これも、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B7%91%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="常緑針葉樹林">常緑針葉樹林</a>より寒い地域には、<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="落葉針葉樹林">落葉針葉樹林</a></b>ができる。<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%84" title="カラマツ">カラマツ</a>林がそれに当たる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特徴"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B4"></span>特徴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 特徴"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>落葉樹林を構成する植物は大部分が<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%80%A7" title="落葉性">落葉性</a>である。また、落葉樹は一般に葉が広くて薄い。そのため落葉樹林の林下は常緑樹林に比べて明るいことが多い。特に春から初夏の、葉が出ていないか、あるいはまだ十分に広がっていない間はかなりの光が入る。これを狙って、春に花を咲かせ、夏まで葉を広げ、あとは地下で過ごす植物を<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB" title="スプリング・エフェメラル">スプリング・エフェメラル</a>という。ただし日本では<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%8A%E6%9E%97" title="ブナ林">ブナ林</a>の下を<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B5" title="ササ">ササ</a>が占める例があり、スプリング・エフェメラルはヨーロッパほどには多くない。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="落葉樹と落葉樹林"><span id=".E8.90.BD.E8.91.89.E6.A8.B9.E3.81.A8.E8.90.BD.E8.91.89.E6.A8.B9.E6.9E.97"></span>落葉樹と落葉樹林</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 落葉樹と落葉樹林"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>落葉樹林は落葉樹からなるが、落葉樹は必ずしも落葉樹林に生えるものではない。たとえば照葉樹林には構成樹種として若干の落葉樹が混じる例が多い。特に人の手が入った場合、里山に見られるように落葉樹の方が増える傾向がある。<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6" title="カラスザンショウ">カラスザンショウ</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AF" title="アカメガシワ">アカメガシワ</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E3%83%96" title="リョウブ">リョウブ</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%96%E3%82%B7" title="キブシ">キブシ</a>など<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E9%A7%86%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="「先駆植物」 (存在しないページ)">先駆植物</a>的樹種は往々にして落葉性である。 </p><p>また、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E3%83%93%E3%83%AF" title="イヌビワ">イヌビワ</a>やアカメガシワは本州中部以南に分布し、落葉樹林帯には存在しない。これらは、元来が熱帯系の植物群であり、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%80%A7" title="落葉性">落葉性</a>を獲得して<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%96%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="暖温帯">暖温帯</a>まで進出したものであろう。また、これらは暖かい地域では落葉しないことも多い。 </p> 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