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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Neirons" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Neirons" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Neirons" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Neirons" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Apraksts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apraksts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Apraksts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Apraksts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Apraksts apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Apraksts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morfoloģija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfoloģija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Morfoloģija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfoloģija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neironu_tipi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neironu_tipi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Neironu tipi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neironu_tipi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fizioloģija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizioloģija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fizioloģija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fizioloģija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Fizioloģija apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fizioloģija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aksonālais_transports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksonālais_transports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aksonālais transports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aksonālais_transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neirons</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 103 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervenzelle" title="Nervenzelle – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nervenzelle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="عصبون – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصبون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خليه عصبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خليه عصبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="স্নায়ুকোষ – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্নায়ুকোষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyron" title="Neyron – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neyron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neiron" title="Neiron – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Neiron" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нэўрон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэўрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неврон – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неврон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="স্নায়ুকোষ – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্নায়ুকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="دەمارەخانە – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەمارەخانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwron" title="Niwron – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niwron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervenzelle" title="Nervenzelle – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervenzelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Νευρώνας – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νευρώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C5%ADrono" title="Neŭrono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neŭrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورون – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermosolu" title="Hermosolu – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermosolu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurone" title="Neurone – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neurone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ar%C3%B3n" title="Néarón – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Néarón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neurona" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80" title="ચેતાપેશી – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચેતાપેશી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91" title="תא עצב – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא עצב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="न्यूरॉन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूरॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%C3%B2n" title="Newòn – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Newòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idegsejt" title="Idegsejt – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idegsejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Նեյրոն – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեյրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_saraf" title="Sel saraf – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel saraf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurono" title="Neurono – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Neurono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taugafruma" title="Taugafruma – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Taugafruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurone" title="Neurone – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neurone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="神経細胞 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神経細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8l_Saraf" title="Sèl Saraf – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèl Saraf" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნეირონი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეირონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жүйке жасушалары – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жүйке жасушалары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD_%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="신경 세포 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경 세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarexane" title="Demarexane – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Demarexane" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervenzell" title="Nervenzell – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nervenzell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ນິວຣອນ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນິວຣອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronas" title="Neuronas – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neuronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ner%C3%B4nina" title="Nerônina – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nerônina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неврон – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неврон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="നാഡീകോശം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഡീകോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="चेतापेशी – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेतापेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B3%D3%B9" title="Вимгӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вимгӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်ကူးဆဲလ် – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်ကူးဆဲလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenuwcel" title="Zenuwcel – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zenuwcel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerveselle" title="Nerveselle – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nerveselle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevroner" title="Nevroner – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nevroner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neur%C3%B2na" title="Neuròna – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neuròna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨਰਵ ਸੈੱਲ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਰਵ ਸੈੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevron" title="Nevron – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nevron" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیوران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيورون – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيورون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neur%C3%B3nio" title="Neurónio – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neurónio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankucha_kawsaykuq" title="Ankucha kawsaykuq – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ankucha kawsaykuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="تنتون – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تنتون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neur%C3%B3n" title="Neurón – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neurón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevron" title="Nevron – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nevron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroni" title="Neuroni – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neuroni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неурон – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неурон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4%C3%A4rwens%C3%A4lle" title="Näärwensälle – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Näärwensälle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervcell" title="Nervcell – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nervcell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuroni" title="Nyuroni – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyuroni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="நரம்பணு – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நரம்பணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="నాడీకణం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాడీకణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="เซลล์ประสาท – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ประสาท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinir_h%C3%BCcresi" title="Sinir hücresi – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinir hücresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейрон – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="عصبون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عصبون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyron_(nerv_hujayrasi)" title="Neyron (nerv hujayrasi) – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neyron (nerv hujayrasi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neuron" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%83" title="神经元 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="神经元" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნეირონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:GFPneuron.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GFPneuron.png/250px-GFPneuron.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GFPneuron.png/375px-GFPneuron.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/GFPneuron.png 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Ar <a href="/wiki/Za%C4%BCi_fluoresc%C4%93jo%C5%A1ais_prote%C4%ABns" title="Zaļi fluorescējošais proteīns">zaļi fluorescējošā proteīna</a> palīdzību iekrāsots <a href="/wiki/Pele" class="mw-redirect" title="Pele">peles</a> galvas smadzeņu piramidālais neirons</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Neirons</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu</a>: <span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;"><i>νεῦρον</i></span></span> (<i>neuron</i>) — 'dzīsla, nervs'; dažreiz tiek saukts arī par <b>neirocītu</b> vai <b>nervu šūnu</b>) ir <a href="/wiki/Nervu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Nervu sistēma">nervu sistēmas</a> pamatvienība, kas sastāv no <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna">šūnas</a> ķermeņa un izaugumiem un vada nervu impulsus.<sup id="cite_ref-Logina_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logina-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tās ir elektriski kairināmas šūnas, kuras apstrādā un nodod tālāk <a href="/wiki/Inform%C4%81cija" title="Informācija">informāciju</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mugurkaulnieki" title="Mugurkaulnieki">Mugurkaulniekiem</a> neironi ir <a href="/wiki/Smadzenes" title="Smadzenes">smadzeņu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Muguras_smadzenes" title="Muguras smadzenes">muguras smadzeņu</a> galvenā sastāvdaļa. </p><p>Neironi ir uzbudināmas nervu sistēmas šūnas. Atšķirībā no <a href="/wiki/Neiroglija" title="Neiroglija">gliālajām šūnām</a> neironi ir spējīgi ģenerēt darbības potenciālus (uzbudināties) un sūtīt uzbudinošus signālus. Neironi ir ļoti specializētas šūnas, kas visā sava mūža gaitā nedalās.<sup id="cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voronova.etal2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apraksts">Apraksts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Apraksts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Apraksts"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nervu_audi" title="Nervu audi">Nervu audi</a> sastāv no nervu šūnām jeb neironiem un <a href="/wiki/Neiroglija" title="Neiroglija">neiroglijas</a> šūnām. Neiroblasts ir neirona prekursors. Neiroblastam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferenci%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferenciācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diferencējoties</a>, neironā veidojas neironam specifiskas daļas, kuras ļauj tam izpildīt atbilstošas funkcijas. Diferenciācijas beigās ir nobriedušais neirons.<sup id="cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voronova.etal2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beljaev2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beljaev2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neironi veido galvas un muguras smadzeņu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pel%C4%93k%C4%81_viela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelēkā viela (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pelēko vielu</a> un atrodas citos mazākos nervu šūnu sakopojumos — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglijs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganglijs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ganglijos</a>. Katrs neirons ir šūna, no kuras atiet viens garš izaugums — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miel%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mielīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mielinizēts</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksons (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">aksons</a> un vairāki mazi — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendr%C4%ABts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendrīts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">dendrīti</a>. Aksoni var veidoties no dendrītu proksimālās daļas. Šūnas ķermeni jeb centrālo daļu sauc par perikarionu. Neirona diametrs ir 4—135 µm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfoloģija"><span id="Morfolo.C4.A3ija"></span>Morfoloģija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Morfoloģija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Morfoloģija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Neuron,_LangNeutral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg/250px-Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg/375px-Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg/500px-Neuron%2C_LangNeutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>a — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendr%C4%ABts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendrīts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">dendrīts</a> <br /> b — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirona_%C4%B7ermenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neirona ķermenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">neirona ķermenis</a> <br /> c — <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols" title="Šūnas kodols">kodols</a> <br /> d — aksona pauguriņš <br /> e — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksons (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">aksons</a> <br /> f — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0v%C4%81na_%C5%A1%C5%ABna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Švāna šūna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Švāna šūna</a> <br /> g — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranvj%C4%93_ie%C5%BEmauga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranvjē iežmauga (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ranvjē iežmauga</a> <br /> h — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksona_termin%C4%81ls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksona termināls (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">aksona termināls</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Neirons sastāv no ķermeņa, dendrītiem un aksona.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirona_%C4%B7ermenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neirona ķermenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ķermenis</a> jeb soma ir neirona centrālais veidojums, no kura atzarojas viens vai vairāki izaugumi un kas veic dendrītu un aksonu augšanu embrioģenēzē, kā arī aksonu reģenerēšanu. Lielāko neironu ķermeņa diametrs ir līdz 100 µm un vairāk, pašai mazākajai šūnai tas ir apmēram 5 µm.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendrisk%C4%81_zona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendriskā zona (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dendriskā zona</a> ir receptoriska membrāna, kura sastāv augošiem no ķermeņa dendrītiem, ar kuriem veidojas citu neironu <a href="/wiki/Sinapse" title="Sinapse">sinaptiskie</a> kontakti vai kuri diferencējas struktūrā, kura transformē ārvides ietekmi elektriskā aktivitātē.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendr%C4%ABts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendrīts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dendrīts</a> ir citoplazmatiskais izaugums.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksons (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Aksons</a> ir citoplazmatiskais izaugums, kas nereti ir sazarots un pagarināts. Strukturāli un funkcionāli pielāgots nervu impulsu vadīšanai no dendriskās zonas. Mugurkaulniekiem tam var būt mielīna apvalks, kas veidots ar glijas šūnām.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telodendrisk%C4%81_zona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telodendriskā zona (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Telodendriskā zona</a> ir sazaroti un dažādi diferencēti aksonu gali, kuriem piemīt membrānas un citoplazmatiskā specializācija, kura ir saistīta ar sinaptisko signāla nosūtīšanas vai neirosekretorisko aktivitāti.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sinapse" title="Sinapse">Sinapse</a> ir funkcionāls neironu savienojums, ar kura palīdzību notiek elektrisko signālu nodošana starp šūnām.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ir divi sinapšu tipi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisk%C4%81_sinapse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektriskā sinapse (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Elektriskā sinapse</a> veido elektrisko saiti starp neironiem.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_sinapse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ķīmiskā sinapse (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ķīmiskā sinapse</a> sūta uz šūnu-mērķi signālu starpniekmolekulas jeb <a href="/wiki/Neiromediatori" title="Neiromediatori">neiromediatora</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksocitoze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksocitoze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">eksocitozes</a> veidā. Mediators atrodas īpašos mazos pūslīšos (vezikulos) tuvu pie sinaptiskās spraugas.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citoplazmatisk%C4%81_membr%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citoplazmatiskā membrāna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Citoplazmatiskā membrāna</a> ierobežo šūnas iekšējo vidi no ārvides. Tā sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Lip%C4%ABdi" title="Lipīdi">lipīdu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Olbaltumvielas" title="Olbaltumvielas">olbaltumvielu</a> komponentiem, kuri atrodas šķidri kristāliskā stāvoklī: membrānas dubultslāni sastāda lipīdi, kuri veido matriksu, kur olbaltumvielu kompleksi ir pilnīgi vai daļēji iegremdēti. Plazmatiskā membrāna regulē vielmaiņu starp šūnu un ārējo vidi un kalpo par elektriskās aktivitātes strukturālu pamatu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols" title="Šūnas kodols">Kodols</a> ierobežots no <a href="/wiki/Citoplazma" title="Citoplazma">citoplazmas</a> ar divām membrānām, viena no tām ir virzīta uz kodolu, otra — uz citoplazmu. Abas membrānas dažās vietās apvienojas, veidojot poras kodola apvalkā, kuras kalpo vielu transportam starp kodolu un citoplazmu. Kodols kontrolē neirona diferencēšanos gala formā, kura mēdz būt ļoti sarežģīta un nosaka starpšūnu saistīšanās raksturu. Neirona kodolā parasti atrodas kodoliņš.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neironu_tipi">Neironu tipi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Neironu tipi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Neironu tipi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg/250px-Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg/375px-Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg/500px-Neurons_uni_bi_multi_pseudouni.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Neironu veidi:<br /> 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unipol%C4%81rie_neironi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unipolārie neironi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Unipolārie neironi</a> <br /> 2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bipol%C4%81rie_neironi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bipolārie neironi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Bipolārie neironi</a> <br /> 3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multipol%C4%81rie_neironi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multipolārie neironi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Multipolārie neironi</a> <br /> 4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseidounipol%C4%81rie_neironi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseidounipolārie neironi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Pseidounipolārie neironi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Visus neironus ir pieņemts iedalīt vairākos tipos, pamatojoties uz atzarojumu (dendrītu, aksonu) skaitu un formām. Ir četri neironu anatomiski tipi:<sup id="cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voronova.etal2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>unipolāri neironi</b> ir nervu šūnas, no kuru ķermeņa atzarojas tikai viens atzarojums. Atzarojums, izejot no šūnas ķermeņa, var sadalīties divos: aksonā un dendrītā, šajā gadījumā tos sauc par <b>pseidounipolāriem neironiem</b>. Šīm šūnām ir raksturīga noteikta lokalizācija. Tās pieder pie nespecifiskas sensoriskas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modalit%C4%81te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modalitāte (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">modalitātes</a> (sāpju, temperatūras, taktilas, proprioreceptīvas) un atrodas sensoriskos mezglos (piemēram, spinālos).</li> <li><b>bipolārie neironi</b> ir nervu šūnas, kurām ir viens aksons un viens dendrīts. Tie ir raksturīgi sensorām (redzes, dzirdes, ožas) sistēmām.</li> <li><b>multipolāri neironi</b> ir nervu šūnas, kurām ir viens aksons un vairāki dendrīti. Tādam neironu tipam atbilst vairākums no centrālas nervu sistēmas neironiem. Vadoties no šo šūnu formu īpašībām, tās iedala vēl dažos subveidos (piemēram, vārpstveida, zvaigžņveidīgās, maisveida, paramidālās u.t.t.). Tikai galvas smadzeņu garozā ir līdz 60 šūnu ķermeņu variantu.</li></ul> <p>Informācija par neironu formu, to lokalizāciju un izaugumu virzienu ir ļoti svarīga, jo ļauj izprast kūlīšu kvalitāti un skaitu, kas aiziet līdz tiem (dendrītu koka struktūra), un punktus, kur šie izaugumi tiek sūtīti.<sup id="cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voronova.etal2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pēc atrašanās vietas (lokalizācijas) neironu iedala centrālajos un perifēriskos. Centrālie neironi ir tie neironi, kuru ķermeņi atrodas centrālās nervu sistēmas (CNS) robežās. Perifēriskie neironi pieder pie perifēriskās nervu sistēmas (PNS). Tie var atrasties spināli-medulārajos ganglijos, kraniāli-cerebrālajos nervu ganglijos, veģetatīvās nervu sistēmas ganglijos.<sup id="cite_ref-medlecture_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fizioloģija"><span id="Fiziolo.C4.A3ija"></span>Fizioloģija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Fizioloģija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Fizioloģija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg/250px-Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg/375px-Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg/500px-Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Pa aksonu uz cita neirona dendrītiem un ķermeni sūtamais signāls</figcaption></figure> <p>Neirons ir specializēta funkcionālā vienība. Neironi ir jutīgi pret kairinātāja ietekmi, ir spējīgi sniegt elektriskus impulsus no perifēriem <a href="/wiki/Sensoriskais_receptors" title="Sensoriskais receptors">receptoriem</a> uz orgāniem-izpildītājiem.<sup id="cite_ref-Fedyukovich2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fedyukovich2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pēc izpildāmām funkcijām neironus iedala trijās pamatgrupās:<sup id="cite_ref-medlecture_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>aferentie neironi</b> (jušanas) uztver kairinājumu un nosūt informāciju uz CNS;</li> <li><b>eferentie neironi</b> (centrbēdzes) pārnes informāciju no CNS uz perifēriju;</li> <li><b>kontakta neironi</b> pārsūt informāciju CNS iekšienē — no aferentiem neironiem uz eferentiem. Sakarā ar izraisāmo efektu kontakta neironi iedalās nākamos veidos:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>uzbudinošie</b>, kuri uzbudinoši ietekmē eferentus neironus;</li> <li><b>kavējošie</b>, kuri kavējoši ietekmē eferentus neironus.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Neironus var iedalīt pēc sinapse saturama mediatora:<sup id="cite_ref-medlecture_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>holinerģiski neironi, kuru mediators ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetilhol%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetilholīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">acetilholīns</a>;</li> <li>adrenerģiski neironi, kuru mediatori ir <a href="/wiki/Adrenal%C4%ABns" title="Adrenalīns">adrenalīns</a> un <a href="/wiki/Noradrenal%C4%ABns" title="Noradrenalīns">noradrenalīns</a>.</li></ul> <p>Neirona funkcijas ir trofiska, ģeneratora, uzbudināmības pārvadīšana un bioloģiski aktīvo vielu sintēze un sekrēcija. Viens neirons spēj sintezēt tikai vienu mediatora veidu.<sup id="cite_ref-medlecture_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlecture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aksonālais_transports"><span id="Akson.C4.81lais_transports"></span>Aksonālais transports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Aksonālais transports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Aksonālais transports"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vielu transports pa aksonu ir saistīts ar neirofilamentiem, aktīna diedziņiem, kā arī proteīniem kinezīnu vai dineīnu.Tā kā vielu sintēzes procesi norit galvenokārt ķermenī, nepieciešama speciāla transportsistēma, kas minētās vielas pārvietotu pa aksonu. Tā ir divvirzienu transportsistēma, jo aksonā izšķir anterogrādo<b> </b>un retrogrādo<b> </b>transportu. </p> <ul><li>Anterogrādais transports ir šūnas materiālu pārvietošana aksonā projām no perikariona (šūnas ķermeņa). Prom no perikariona pa aksonu virzās viss, kas nepieciešamais aksona struktūras atjaunošanai. Bez tam anterogrādi virzās mediatoru vai to priekšteču molekulas un mediatoru sintēzes fermenti.</li> <li>Savukārt retrogrādais transports ir vielu pārvietošana pretējā virzienā. Retrogrādi virzās izlietoti membrānu pūslīši, kurus perikarionā sagremo lizosomas. Daži šūnas materiāli tiek transportēti ar nelielu ātrumu — no 0,1 līdz 10 mm diennaktī. Pēc būtības tas ir jaunās aksoplazmas lēnais anterogrādais transports<b> </b>kopā ar citoskeleta komponentiem. Savukārt ātrais anterogrādais transports<b> </b>(100—400 mm diennaktī) ir saistīts ar organellu (mitohondriju, graudainā endoplazmatiskā tīkla) un transportpūslīšu pārvietošanos. Šis transporta veids ir atkarīgs no proteīna kinezīna. Ātro retrogrādo transportu<b> </b>nodrošina cita olbaltumviela dineīns.<b> </b>Šajā gadījumā uz perikarionu pārvietojas ne tikai bojātās organellas, bet normālos apstākļos arī nervu augšanas faktors, savukārt infekcijas slimības gadījumā — arī daži neirotropiskie vīrusi un bakteriālie toksīni, kurus šūna endocitozes ceļā uzņem no sinaptiskās spraugas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neirons&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Logina-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Logina_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ināra Logina. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesels.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=69&Itemid=8">Nervu sistēma</a></i>. Vesels.lv: informē, izglīto un iedvesmo veselīgai dzīvei.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voronova.etal2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Voronova.etal2005_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Воронова Н. В., Климова Н. М., Менджерицкий А. М. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labx.narod.ru/BOOKS_FILES_PDF/anatomija_cns.pdf">Анатомия центральной нервной системы</a><sup title="Novecojusi saite">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">novecojusi saite</a>]</sup></i>. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов. М.: «Аспект-Пресс», 2005. – 128 с. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7567-0388-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-7567-0388-8">ISBN 5-7567-0388-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beljaev2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Beljaev2007_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milogiya2007.ru/mozg01.htm">Мозг и память</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZhukovPonomarevs1998-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-3">4,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-4">4,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-5">4,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-6">4,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-7">4,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ZhukovPonomarevs1998_4-8">4,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Жуков В. В., Пономарев Е. В. <i>Анатомия нервной системы</i>. Учебное пособие. Калинингр. ун-т. - Калининград, 1998. - 68 с. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-88874-092-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-88874-092-6">ISBN 5-88874-092-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medlecture-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlecture_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlecture_5-1">5,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlecture_5-2">5,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlecture_5-3">5,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medlecture.ru/lectures/phisiologia-semestr-1/pages/15">Физиология нейрона. Возбуждение и торможение в ЦНС. Интегративная функция нейронных цепей.</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fedyukovich2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fedyukovich2003_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Федюкович Н. И. <i>Анатомия и физиология человека</i>. Учебное пособие. Изд. 2-е. — Ростов н/Д: «Феникс», 2003. - 416 с. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-222-03190-%D0%A5" title="Special:BookSources/5-222-03190-Х">ISBN 5-222-03190-Хfalse</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aina Dālmane (2004). Histoloģija. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds. 319. lpp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9984-770-42-7" title="Special:BookSources/9984-770-42-7">ISBN 9984-770-42-7</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. 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