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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lien_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lien externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lien_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">451</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 121 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="451 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="451 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۴۵۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۴۵۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A7" title="৪৫১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৪৫১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ৪৫১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ৪৫১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/451." title="451. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="451." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_ni%C3%A8ng" title="451 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="451 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A4%D9%A5%D9%A1" title="٤٥١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٤٥١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۴۵۱ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۴۵۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%E5%B9%B4" title="451年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="451年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="४५१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="४५१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/451." title="451. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="451." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_(almanak_jilyen)" title="451 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="451 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%E5%B9%B4" title="451年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="451年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="451 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="451 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%EB%85%84" title="451년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="451년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_m." title="451 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="451 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. ४५१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ४५१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_%D0%B8" title="451 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="451 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1" title="۴۵۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۴۵۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् ४५१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ४५१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/451-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="451-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="451-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A9%AA%E0%A9%AB%E0%A9%A7" title="੪੫੧ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="੪੫੧" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="४५१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="४५१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="451 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="451 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="४५१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="४५१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%D8%B9" title="451ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="451ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_451" title="Соли 451 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 451" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._994" title="พ.ศ. 994 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 994" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="451 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="451 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%D8%A1" title="451ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="451ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%E5%B9%B4" title="451年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="451年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/451" title="451 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="451" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%E5%B9%B4" title="451年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="451年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/451_n%C3%AE" title="451 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="451 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/451%E5%B9%B4" title="451年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="451年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30070#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Redirection" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/30px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>451</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. Pour l'année 451 av. J.-C., voir <a href="/wiki/451_av._J.-C." title="451 av. J.-C.">451 av. J.-C.</a> Pour le nombre 451, voir <a href="/wiki/451_(nombre)" class="mw-redirect" title="451 (nombre)">451 (nombre)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Vartanantz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vartanantz.jpg/220px-Vartanantz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vartanantz.jpg/330px-Vartanantz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vartanantz.jpg/440px-Vartanantz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/26_mai" title="26 mai">26 mai</a> : <a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27Avarayr" title="Bataille d'Avarayr">bataille d'Avarayr</a>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/448" title="448">448</a> <a href="/wiki/449" title="449">449</a> <a href="/wiki/450" title="450">450</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">451</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/452" title="452">452</a> <a href="/wiki/453" title="453">453</a> <a href="/wiki/454" title="454">454</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_420" title="Années 420">420</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_430" title="Années 430">430</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_440" title="Années 440">440</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_450" title="Années 450">450</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_460" title="Années 460">460</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_470" title="Années 470">470</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_480" title="Années 480">480</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IIIe siècle">III<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IVe siècle">IV<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle" title="Ve siècle">V<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/VIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIe siècle">VI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIe siècle">VII<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C.">-II<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>451</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_lundi" title="Année commune commençant un lundi">commence un lundi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avril" title="Avril">Avril</a> : <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> remonte le <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> puis entre dans l’Empire romain à hauteur de <a href="/wiki/Mayence" title="Mayence">Mayence</a><sup id="cite_ref-Protin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protin-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_avril" title="7 avril">7 avril</a> : <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Metz_(451)" title="Siège de Metz (451)">siège de Metz</a> par l'armée d'Attila, qui prend ensuite la route de <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a><sup id="cite_ref-Protin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protin-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, par <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epernay" class="mw-redirect" title="Epernay">Epernay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> et <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>, roi des Huns, envahit la <a href="/wiki/Gaule" title="Gaule">Gaule</a> avec une armée composée de <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> mais aussi de <a href="/wiki/Burgondes" title="Burgondes">Burgondes</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Alamans" title="Alamans">Alamans</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Thuringes" title="Thuringes">Thuringes</a>, de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9pides" title="Gépides">Gépides</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8ves" title="Suèves">Suèves</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Ruges" title="Ruges">Ruges</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Skires" title="Skires">Skires</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rules" title="Hérules">Hérules</a> et même de <a href="/wiki/Francs" title="Francs">Francs</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bóna_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bóna-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette invasion est sans doute motivée par la décision l'année précédente de l'empereur d'Orient <a href="/wiki/Marcien" title="Marcien">Marcien</a> de refuser de continuer à payer le tribut à <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>. Celui-ci préfère alors se jeter sur l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_romain_d%27Occident" title="Empire romain d'Occident">empire d'Occident</a>, proie en pleine déliquescence, plutôt que sur l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_byzantin" title="Empire byzantin">empire d'Orient</a>.</li> <li>L'évêque de <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpin_de_Ch%C3%A2lons" title="Alpin de Châlons">Alpin</a>, décide Attila à abandonner l'attaque de la ville le <time class="nowrap" datetime="05-28" data-sort-value="05-28">28 mai</time> pendant les fêtes de la <a href="/wiki/Pentec%C3%B4te" title="Pentecôte">Pentecôte</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>L'évêque de <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loup_de_Troyes" title="Loup de Troyes">Loup</a>, aurait arrêté <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> sous les murs de la cité<sup id="cite_ref-Protin_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protin-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte_Genevi%C3%A8ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte Geneviève">Geneviève</a>, patronne de <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, convainc les habitants de <a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A8ce" title="Lutèce">Lutèce</a> de ne pas abandonner leur cité aux Huns. Selon la tradition chrétienne, elle détourne la colère d'Attila par ses prières.</li> <li>Il est probable que la ville d'<a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> fut saccagée par des Huns lors de la marche de leur armée vers <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/26_mai" title="26 mai">26 mai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chahin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chahin-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou <a href="/wiki/2_juin" title="2 juin">2 juin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hovannisian_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hovannisian-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : les <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Arménie">Arméniens</a> révoltés sont vaincus par la <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a> lors de la <b><a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27Avarayr" title="Bataille d'Avarayr">bataille d'Avarayr</a></b>. <a href="/wiki/Vardan_II_Mamikonian" title="Vardan II Mamikonian">Vardan II Mamikonian</a> trouve la mort.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14_juin" title="14 juin">14 juin</a> : les <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> subissent un revers devant <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> défendue par Agrippinus et l’évêque <a href="/wiki/Aignan_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Aignan d'Orléans">Aignan</a>. Ils rebroussent chemin, mais sont rattrapés par <a href="/wiki/Aetius_(Flavius_Aetius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetius (Flavius Aetius)">Aetius</a>, arrivé d'<a href="/wiki/Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bóna_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bóna-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg/170px-De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg/255px-De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg/340px-De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : <i>Les Huns à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_des_champs_Catalauniques_(451)" title="Bataille des champs Catalauniques (451)">bataille de Châlons</a></i>, illustration par A. De Neuville (1836-1885). </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> est battu aux <b><a href="/wiki/Bataille_des_champs_Catalauniques_(451)" title="Bataille des champs Catalauniques (451)">champs Catalauniques</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>par les <a href="/wiki/Rome_antique" title="Rome antique">romains</a> du général <a href="/wiki/Aetius_(Flavius_Aetius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetius (Flavius Aetius)">Aetius</a>, aidés par les <a href="/wiki/Burgondes" title="Burgondes">Burgondes</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Francs" title="Francs">Francs</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Wisigoths" title="Wisigoths">Wisigoths</a> de <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoric_Ier" title="Théodoric Ier">Théodoric <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> et les <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorismond" title="Thorismond">Thorismond</a> est proclamé roi des <a href="/wiki/Wisigoths" title="Wisigoths">Wisigoths</a> sur le champ de bataille après la mort de <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoric_Ier" title="Théodoric Ier">Théodoric <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, tué après une chute de cheval<sup id="cite_ref-Journeux_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journeux-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> par l’Ostrogoth Andages, fils d’Andela, de la <a href="/wiki/Amales" title="Amales">dynastie des Amales</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ruelle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruelle-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (fin de règne en <a href="/wiki/453" title="453">453</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_juin" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : passage de la <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8te_de_Halley" title="Comète de Halley">comète de Halley</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automne" title="Automne">Automne</a><sup id="cite_ref-Demougeot_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demougeot-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : rentré chez lui, <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> menace l’Empire d’Orient de recommencer la guerre s’il ne reçoit pas le tribut habituel. Il ne reçoit pas personnellement les émissaires orientaux conduits par Apollonius, mais réclame des cadeaux de l’empereur, ce qu’Apollonius refuse sans négociation<sup id="cite_ref-Bóna_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bóna-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_octobre" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : ouverture du <b><a href="/wiki/Concile_de_Chalc%C3%A9doine" title="Concile de Chalcédoine">concile de Chalcédoine</a></b> où siègent des représentants du pape. Le concile proclame qu'il existe <a href="/wiki/Dyophysisme" title="Dyophysisme">deux natures en Jésus-Christ</a> ; une nature divine et une nature humaine, qu'il est à la fois <i>vrai Dieu</i> et <i>vrai homme</i>. La doctrine <a href="/wiki/Monophysisme" title="Monophysisme">monophysite</a> est condamnée. Les patriarches de <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> sont placés à égalité, interdiction de la simonie, reconnaissance du monachisme… Le patriarche d’Alexandrie <a href="/wiki/Dioscore_Ier_d%27Alexandrie" title="Dioscore Ier d'Alexandrie">Dioscore</a> est déposé et exilé. Sa condamnation attise les luttes religieuses et oppose les monophysites d’<a href="/wiki/Alexandrie" title="Alexandrie">Alexandrie</a>, d’<a href="/wiki/Antioche" title="Antioche">Antioche</a> et d’<a href="/wiki/Aksoum" title="Aksoum">Aksoum</a> aux Grecs orthodoxes de <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, appelés les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_grecque-catholique_melkite" class="mw-redirect" title="Église grecque-catholique melkite">melkites</a> (de melk : roi)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9rius" class="mw-redirect" title="Protérius">Prôtérios</a> remplace <a href="/wiki/Dioscore_Ier_d%27Alexandrie" title="Dioscore Ier d'Alexandrie">Dioscore</a> comme <a href="/wiki/Patriarche_d%27Alexandrie" title="Patriarche d'Alexandrie">patriarche d'Alexandrie</a> (451-<a href="/wiki/457" title="457">457</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Théodose devient <a href="/wiki/Patriarche_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Patriarche de Jérusalem">évêque monophysite de Jérusalem</a> (451-<a href="/wiki/457" title="457">457</a>) en opposition avec <a href="/wiki/Juv%C3%A9nal_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Juvénal de Jérusalem">Juvénal</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetius_(Flavius_Aetius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetius (Flavius Aetius)">Aetius</a>, au sommet de sa gloire, fiance son fils Gaudentius à la fille de <a href="/wiki/Valentinien_III" title="Valentinien III">Valentinien III</a>, Eudoxie, préparant pour sa descendance la dignité impériale. Cette perspective déchaîne les colères de la cour<sup id="cite_ref-Pol_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pol-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_451"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_451" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 451">Naissances en 451</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 451" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 451"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_d%27Irlande" title="Brigitte d'Irlande">Brigitte d'Irlande</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_451"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_451"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_451" title="Catégorie:Décès en 451">Décès en 451</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 451" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 451"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoric_Ier" title="Théodoric Ier">Théodoric <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> aux <a href="/wiki/Bataille_des_champs_Catalauniques_(451)" title="Bataille des champs Catalauniques (451)"><i>Campus Mauriacus</i></a> (Champs Mauriaques ou Catalauniques).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Protin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Protin_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Protin_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Protin_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Crété-Protin2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Isabelle_Crété-Protin2002">Isabelle Crété-Protin, <cite class="italique">Église et vie chrétienne dans le diocèse de Troyes du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, Presses Univ. Septentrion, <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=vn2sSp7Fa34C&pg=PA164">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89glise+et+vie+chr%C3%A9tienne+dans+le+dioc%C3%A8se+de+Troyes+du+IVe+au+IXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+Septentrion&rft.aulast=Cr%C3%A9t%C3%A9-Protin&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bóna-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bóna_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bóna_2-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Bóna_2-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bóna2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="István_Bóna2002"><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_B%C3%B3na" title="István Bóna">István Bóna</a>, <cite class="italique">Les huns : le grand empire barbare d'Europe (<abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles)</cite>, Errance, <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=y7dmAAAAMAAJ&dq=451&pg=PA55">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+huns+%3A+le+grand+empire+barbare+d%27Europe+%28IVe%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89Ve%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cles%29&rft.pub=Errance&rft.aulast=B%C3%B3na&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Théophile Boutiot</i> : Histoire de la ville de Troyes et de la Champagne méridionale T1 page 104 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chahin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Chahin_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chahin2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Chahin2001">M. Chahin, <cite class="italique">The kingdom of Armenia : a history</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=OR_PHoKZ6ycC&pg=SL26-PA22">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+kingdom+of+Armenia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=a+history&rft.aulast=Chahin&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hovannisian-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Hovannisian_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hovannisian2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_G._Hovannisian2004">Richard G. Hovannisian, <cite class="italique">The Armenian people from ancient to modern yimes, Volume 1</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=EeBKxex7QyUC&pg=PA100">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+people+from+ancient+to+modern+yimes%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">En réalité <i>campus mauriacus</i>, peut-être entre <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Chalons-en-Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalons-en-Champagne">Chalons-en-Champagne</a>, une fosse commune comportant des guerriers huns ayant été découverte à <a href="/wiki/Mailly-le-Camp" title="Mailly-le-Camp">Mailly-le-Camp</a>. Mais l'historien militaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrice_Dela%C3%AEtre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabrice Delaître (page inexistante)">Fabrice Delaître</a> situe la bataille sous les murs de Troyes, les 1er et 2 septembre 451 : Livre "Les batailles oubliées - Les Champs Catalauniques - 1er/02 septembre 451", paru le 17-10-2017 aux éd. Historicone.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journeux-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Journeux_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Journeux1833">Journeux, <cite class="italique">Attila dans les Gaules en 451</cite>, Paris, Carilian-Goeury, <time>1833</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=8V4PAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA106">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attila+dans+les+Gaules+en+451&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Carilian-Goeury&rft.au=Journeux&rft.date=1833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruelle-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ruelle_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ruelle1842"><span class="ouvrage" id="Émile_Ruelle1842">Émile Ruelle, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale du Moyen Age, Volume 1</cite>, Paris, Dezobry, e. Magdeleine, <time>1842</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=hASDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA46">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+du+Moyen+Age%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Dezobry%2C+e.+Magdeleine&rft.aulast=Ruelle&rft.aufirst=%C3%89mile&rft.date=1842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Patrick Moore <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=nyfIc8wkJzUC&pg=PA230"><i>The data book of astronomy</i></a> CRC Press, 2000 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7503-0620-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7503-0620-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7503-0620-1</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demougeot-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Demougeot_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Demougeot1979"><span class="ouvrage" id="Émilienne_Demougeot1979">Émilienne Demougeot, <cite class="italique">La formation de l'Europe et les invasions barbares, Volume 2 : de l'avènement de Dioclétien (284) à l'occupation germanique de l'Empire romain d'Occident (début du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle)</cite>, Aubier, <time>1979</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=GvOZAAAAIAAJ&q=%22l%27automne+451%22">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+formation+de+l%27Europe+et+les+invasions+barbares%2C+Volume+2+%3A+de+l%27av%C3%A8nement+de+Diocl%C3%A9tien+%28284%29+%C3%A0+l%27occupation+germanique+de+l%27Empire+romain+d%27Occident+%28d%C3%A9but+du+VIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle%29&rft.pub=Aubier&rft.aulast=Demougeot&rft.aufirst=%C3%89milienne&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Festugière1982"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Jean_Festugière1982">André Jean Festugière, <cite class="italique">Ephèse et Chalcédoine : actes des conciles</cite>, Editions Beauchesne, <time>1982</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ePfXOSgulCcC&pg=PA655">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eph%C3%A8se+et+Chalc%C3%A9doine+%3A+actes+des+conciles&rft.pub=Editions+Beauchesne&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Jean+Festugi%C3%A8re&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pétin1848">Pétin, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire hagiographique</cite>, J.P. Migne, <time>1848</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=zgxMAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PT2">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+hagiographique&rft.pub=J.P.+Migne&rft.au=P%C3%A9tin&rft.date=1848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_Mimouni1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simon_Claude_Mimouni1995">Simon Claude Mimouni, <cite class="italique">Dormition et assomption de Marie : histoire des traditions anciennes</cite>, Editions Beauchesne, <time>1995</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=iPiR0YOnWFkC&pg=PA531">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dormition+et+assomption+de+Marie&rft.pub=Editions+Beauchesne&rft.stitle=histoire+des+traditions+anciennes&rft.au=Simon+Claude+Mimouni&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pol-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Pol_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pol_Homo1969"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Pol_Homo1969">Léon Pol Homo, <cite class="italique">Nouvelle histoire romaine</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1969</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=QAQQAQAAIAAJ&q=Gaudentius">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouvelle+histoire+romaine&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.au=L%C3%A9on+Pol+Homo&rft.date=1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A451"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=451&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lien externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/0451/">L’année 451</a> sur le site de la <a 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