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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_art_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_art_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Fine art museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_art_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Other museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>University museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_in_the_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_in_the_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5</span> <span>Museums in the suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_in_the_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Population growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Population composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_tertiary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_tertiary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Universities and tertiary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_tertiary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_tertiary_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_tertiary_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Other tertiary institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_tertiary_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Primary and secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Libraries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Incunabula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incunabula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Incunabula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incunabula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strasbourg_public_transport_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strasbourg_public_transport_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Strasbourg public transport statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strasbourg_public_transport_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>European role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-European_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle European role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-European_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurodistrict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurodistrict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Eurodistrict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurodistrict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strasbourg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 150 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Straatsburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fburg" title="Straßburg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Straßburg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8D" title="ስትራዝቡርግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስትራዝቡርግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C7%A3teburg" title="Strǣteburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Strǣteburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="ستراسبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستراسبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Սթրասպուրկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սթրասպուրկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%C3%A2b%C3%B4rg" title="Estrâbôrg – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Estrâbôrg" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgu" title="Estrasburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estrasburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburq" title="Strasburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Strasburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="استراسبورگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استراسبورگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="স্ত্রাসবুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ত্রাসবুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Страсбур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Страсбур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strossburg" title="Strossburg – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Strossburg" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སི་ཐི་རཱ་སི་བུར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སི་ཐི་རཱ་སི་བུར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strossburi" title="Strossburi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strossburi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburg" title="Estrasburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estrasburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0trasburk" title="Štrasburk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Štrasburk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgu" title="Strasburgu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Strasburgu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbwrg" title="Strasbwrg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Strasbwrg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DD%A3" title="ستراسبورݣ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ستراسبورݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fburg" title="Straßburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Straßburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF" title="Στρασβούργο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρασβούργο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C5%9Bb%C3%BBrg" title="Straśbûrg – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Straśbûrg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Strasburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgu" title="Estrasburgu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estrasburgu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="استراسبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استراسبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straasburch" title="Straasburch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Straasburch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97" title="સ્ટ્રાસબોર્ગ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્ટ્રાસબોર્ગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4" title="스트라스부르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스트라스부르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ստրասբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրասբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="स्ट्रासबर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्ट्रासबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Strasburgo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strassborg" title="Strassborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Strassborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strasburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="שטרסבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שטרסבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სტრასბური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრასბური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztrasb%C3%B9rg" title="Sztrasbùrg – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztrasbùrg" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasbou" title="Estrasbou – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estrasbou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Argentoratum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasb%C5%ABra" title="Strasbūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Strasbūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroossbuerg" title="Stroossbuerg – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stroossbuerg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasb%C5%ABras" title="Strasbūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Strasbūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtraasburg" title="Sjtraasburg – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtraasburg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Стразбур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стразбур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്ട്രാസ്ബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ട്രാസ്ബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgu" title="Strasburgu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Strasburgu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="स्त्रासबुर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्त्रासबुर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სტრასბური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტრასბური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="ستراسبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستراسبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="استراسبورگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استراسبورگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Straatsburg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ストラスブール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストラスブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Strasburgo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fburg" title="Straßburg – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Straßburg" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%C3%A2bou%C3%B4" title="Estrâbouô – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Estrâbouô" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasborg" title="Estrasborg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estrasborg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਸਟਰਾਸਬਰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਟਰਾਸਬਰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fburg" title="Straßburg – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Straßburg" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="شٹراسبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شٹراسبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourq" title="Strasbourq – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Strasbourq" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasborgh" title="Strasborgh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Strasborgh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fborg" title="Straßborg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Straßborg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF" title="Στρασβούργο – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Στρασβούργο" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrasburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgu" title="Strasburgu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Strasburgu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straasbuurich" title="Straasbuurich – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Straasbuurich" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgu" title="Strasburgu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Strasburgu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0trasburg" title="Štrasburg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štrasburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="سترازبێرگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سترازبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Стразбур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стразбур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஸ்திராஸ்பூர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஸ்திராஸ்பூர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strassburg" title="Strassburg – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Strassburg" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สทราซบูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สทราซบูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Истросбург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истросбург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strazburg" title="Strazburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Strazburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Страсбург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Страсбург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اسٹراس برک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹراس برک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Strasburgo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburg" title="Strasburg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Strasburg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroatsburg" title="Stroatsburg – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stroatsburg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="斯特拉斯堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯特拉斯堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="שטראסבורג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטראסבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="斯特拉斯堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯特拉斯堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Strasbourg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strasbourg&params=48_35_00_N_07_44_45_E_type:city(291313)_region:FR-GES"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°35′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">07°44′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.58333°N 7.74583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.58333; 7.74583</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Grand Est, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in France. For the place in Canada, see <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg,_Saskatchewan" title="Strasbourg, Saskatchewan">Strasbourg, Saskatchewan</a>. For the city in the U.S., see <a href="/wiki/Strasburg,_Virginia" title="Strasburg, Virginia">Strasburg, Virginia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Grand Est, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Strasbourg</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><i>Strossburi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">North Alsatian</a>) <br /> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Straßburg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="border:1;;height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg/258px-Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg/387px-Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg/516px-Strasbourg_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3790" data-file-height="2868" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="border:1;;height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg/119px-Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg/179px-Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg/238px-Absolute_ponts_couverts_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="border:1;;height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg/135px-Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg/203px-Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg/270px-Strasbourg_Palais_Rohan_depuis_le_quai_des_Bateliers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5316" data-file-height="3535" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg/127px-Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg/191px-Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg/254px-Absolute_Petite_France_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_(heute_Palais_du_Rhin).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg/127px-Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg/191px-Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg/254px-Stra%C3%9Fburger_Kaiserpalast_%28heute_Palais_du_Rhin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div style="border:1;;height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg/109px-Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg/164px-Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg/218px-Strasbourg-H%C3%B4tel_Brion_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/145px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/218px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg/290px-European_Parliament_Strasbourg_Hemicycle_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3389" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="border:1;;height:46px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg/258px-Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg/387px-Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg/516px-Strasbourg_seen_from_Esca_Tower_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5971" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <b>From top left</b>: <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg-Ville_station" title="Strasbourg-Ville station">Strasbourg-Ville station</a>; <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">Strasbourg Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele,_Strasbourg" title="Grande Île, Strasbourg">Old Town</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ponts_Couverts,_Strasbourg" title="Ponts Couverts, Strasbourg">Ponts Couverts</a>; <a href="/wiki/Palais_Rohan,_Strasbourg" title="Palais Rohan, Strasbourg">Palais Rohan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Petite_France,_Strasbourg" title="Petite France, Strasbourg">Petite France</a>; <a href="/wiki/Palais_du_Rhin" title="Palais du Rhin">Palais du Rhin</a>; <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Brion" title="Hôtel Brion">Hôtel Brion</a>; Hemicycle of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>; and Strasbourg skyline in 2014</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Strasbourg"><img alt="Flag of Strasbourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg/100px-Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg/150px-Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg/200px-Flag_of_Strasbourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Strasbourg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Strasbourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg/77px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg/116px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg/154px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Strasbourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Strasbourg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_0ec7cd1235e6b342d07fd4234ba0e8ef73bb883e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Strasbourg&revid=1258545309&groups=_0ec7cd1235e6b342d07fd4234ba0e8ef73bb883e" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Strasbourg&revid=1258545309&groups=_0ec7cd1235e6b342d07fd4234ba0e8ef73bb883e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strasbourg is located in France"><img alt="Strasbourg is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.778%;left:85.733%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Strasbourg"><img alt="Strasbourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Strasbourg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strasbourg is located in Grand Est"><img alt="Strasbourg is located in Grand Est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/270px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/405px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/540px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="1451" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.698%;left:86.418%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Strasbourg"><img alt="Strasbourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Strasbourg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Grand Est</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strasbourg&params=48_35_00_N_07_44_45_E_type:city(291313)_region:FR-GES"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°35′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">07°44′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.58333°N 7.74583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.58333; 7.74583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Strasbourg" title="Cantons of Strasbourg">6 cantons</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eurom%C3%A9tropole_de_Strasbourg" title="Eurométropole de Strasbourg">Eurométropole de Strasbourg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Barseghian" title="Jeanne Barseghian">Jeanne Barseghian</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Ecologists_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ecologists (France)">The Ecologists</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">78.26 km<sup>2</sup> (30.22 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-only_FR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-only_FR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">240.2 km<sup>2</sup> (92.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2019<sup id="cite_ref-only_FR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-only_FR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,227.1 km<sup>2</sup> (859.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">291,313</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">8th in France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,700/km<sup>2</sup> (9,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-only_FR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-only_FR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">484,217</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-AAV_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-only_FR_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-only_FR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">860,744</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">390/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Strasbourgeois</i> (masculine)<br /><i>Strasbourgeoise</i> (feminine)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-67482">67482</a> /</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_France" title="Telephone numbers in France">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0388, 0390, 0368</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">132–151 m (433–495 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strasbourg.eu/">www<wbr />.strasbourg<wbr />.eu</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alsace" title="Category:Alsace">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg/150px-Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg/225px-Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg/300px-Alsace_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="27" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><span title="Alemannic German-language text"><i lang="gsw"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alsace" title="Flag of Alsace">Rot un Wiss</a></i></span>, traditional flag of Alsace</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#History" title="Alsace">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a> (<i>Pagus Alsatiae</i>) (83–475)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> (circa 213–496)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a> (3rd-century–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Alsace" title="Duchy of Alsace">Duchy of Alsace</a> (circa 630–699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> (843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg</a> (982–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ferrette" title="County of Ferrette">County of Ferrette</a> (11th-century–14th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> (1165−1793)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landgraviate_of_Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landgraviate of Alsace (page does not exist)">Landgraviate of Alsace</a> (1186–1646) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Alsace" title="Lower Alsace">Lower Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Alsace" title="Upper Alsace">Upper Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (13th-century–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a> (1354–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg">County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (1456–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Gau Baden-Elsaß</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> (1945–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> (2016–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Collectivity_of_Alsace" title="European Collectivity of Alsace">European Collectivity of Alsace</a> (2021-)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Culture" title="Alsace">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alsace" title="Flag of Alsace">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els%C3%A4ssisches_Fahnenlied" title="Elsässisches Fahnenlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians#Alsatians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Demographics" title="Alsace">Demographics</a></li> <li><i>Musée alsacien</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Haguenau)" title="Musée alsacien (Haguenau)">Hagenau</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)">Strasbourg</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Religion" title="Alsace">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">according to<br /><a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordat in Alsace-Moselle">Concordat in Alsace-Moselle</a> (1801):<br /><small><i>(including <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>)</i></small></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Immediately subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>)</small> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz</a>)</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">consistories</a>: <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>)</i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">Local law in Alsace-Moselle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordat in Alsace-Moselle">Concordat in Alsace-Moselle</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Administrative_divisions" title="Alsace">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Unterelsa%C3%9F" title="Unterelsaß">Unterelsaß</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Haguenau-Wissembourg" title="Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg">Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Molsheim" title="Arrondissement of Molsheim">Arrondissement of Molsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saverne" title="Arrondissement of Saverne">Arrondissement of Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_S%C3%A9lestat-Erstein" title="Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein">Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Arrondissement of Strasbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Oberelsa%C3%9F" title="Oberelsaß">Oberelsaß</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Altkirch" title="Arrondissement of Altkirch">Arrondissement of Altkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Colmar-Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé">Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Mulhouse" title="Arrondissement of Mulhouse">Arrondissement of Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thann-Guebwiller" title="Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller">Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alsace" title="Politics of Alsace">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Alsace" title="Regional Council of Alsace">Regional Council of Alsace</a> (1982–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Alsace" title="Assembly of Alsace">Assembly of Alsace</a> (2021-)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Alsace in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France#European_Parliament" title="Elections in France">European Parliament elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="France (European Parliament constituency)">Constituency</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlasonAlsace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/25px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/38px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/50px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alsace_sidebar" title="Template:Alsace sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alsace_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alsace sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Strasbourg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[stʁasbuʁ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Strasbourg.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Straßburg</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈʃtʁaːsbʊʁk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ef\/De-Stra%C3%9Fburg.ogg\/De-Stra%C3%9Fburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Stra\u00dfburg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/De-Stra%C3%9Fburg.ogg/De-Stra%C3%9Fburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Stra%C3%9Fburg.ogg" title="File:De-Straßburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">eastern France</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_border" title="France–Germany border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in the historic region of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. It is the prefecture of the <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">official seat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. </p><p>The city has about three hundred thousand inhabitants, and together <a href="/wiki/Eurom%C3%A9tropole_de_Strasbourg" title="Eurométropole de Strasbourg">Greater Strasbourg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Arrondissement of Strasbourg</a> have over five hundred thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-pop2021_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2021-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strasbourg's <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> had a population of 860,744 in 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-AAV_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the eighth-largest metro area in France and home to 14% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The transnational <a href="/wiki/Eurodistrict" title="Eurodistrict">Eurodistrict</a> <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg-Ortenau_Eurodistrict" title="Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict">Strasbourg-Ortenau</a> had a population of roughly 1,000,000 in 2022. Strasbourg is one of the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> four main capitals of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (alongside <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">Eurocorps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. An organization separate from the European Union, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> (with its <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, its <a href="/wiki/European_Directorate_for_the_Quality_of_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines">European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines</a> most commonly known in French as "Pharmacopée Européenne", and its <a href="/wiki/European_Audiovisual_Observatory" title="European Audiovisual Observatory">European Audiovisual Observatory</a>) is also located in the city. </p><p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>), <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">United Nations</a>), <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>) and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (United Nations world headquarters), Strasbourg is among the few cities in the world that is not a state capital that hosts international organisations of the first order.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the seat of many non-European <a href="/wiki/International_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="International institutions">international institutions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Navigation_on_the_Rhine" title="Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine">Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Human_Rights" title="International Institute of Human Rights">International Institute of Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second city in France in terms of international congress and symposia, after <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Strasbourg's historic city centre, the <i><a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Île (Strasbourg)">Grande Île</a></i> (Grand Island), was classified a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1988, with the newer "<i><a href="/wiki/Neustadt,_Strasbourg" title="Neustadt, Strasbourg">Neustadt</a></i>" being added to the site in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a>, currently the second-largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Protestant_culture" title="Protestant culture">Protestant culture</a>. It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France, the <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Mosque" title="Strasbourg Mosque">Strasbourg Grand Mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The <a href="/wiki/Independent_Port_of_Strasbourg" title="Independent Port of Strasbourg">port of Strasbourg</a> is the second-largest on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> after <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a> in Germany, and the second-largest river port in France after <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_names">Etymology and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the fifth century AD, the city was known as <i>Argantorati</i> (in the <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative</a>, <i>Argantorate</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative</a>), a Celtic <a href="/wiki/Gaulish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish language">Gaulish</a> name <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinised</a> first as <i>Argentorate</i> (with Gaulish locative ending, as appearing on the first <a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">Roman milestones</a> in the first century) and then as <i><a href="/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum">Argentoratum</a></i> (with regular Latin nominative ending, in later Latin texts). That Gaulish name is a compound of <i>-rati</i>, the Gaulish word for fortified enclosures, cognate to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> <i>ráth</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">ringfort</a>) and <i>arganto(n)-</i> (cognate to Latin <i>argentum</i>, which gave modern French <i>argent</i>), the Gaulish word for silver, but also any precious metal, particularly gold, suggesting either a fortified enclosure located by a river gold mining site, or hoarding gold mined in the nearby rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fifth century the city became known by a completely different name, later <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">Gallicized</a> as Strasbourg (<a href="/wiki/Alsatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatian language">Lower Alsatian</a>: <i>Strossburi</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Straßburg</i>). That name is of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> origin and means 'town (at the crossing) of roads'. The modern <i>Stras-</i> is <a href="/wiki/Cognate_(etymology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognate (etymology)">cognate</a> with the German <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fe" class="extiw" title="wikt:Straße">Straße</a></i> and English <i>street</i>, both derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strata#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:strata">strata</a></i> ("paved road"), while <i>-bourg</i> is cognate with the German <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Burg" class="extiw" title="wikt:Burg">Burg</a></i> and English <i><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a></i>, both derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Germanic/burgz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/burgz">*burgz</a></i> ("hill fort, fortress"). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> was the first to mention the name change: in the tenth book of his <i><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours#History_of_the_Franks" title="Gregory of Tours">History of the Franks</a></i> written shortly after 590 he said that <a href="/wiki/Egidius_(bishop_of_Reims)" title="Egidius (bishop of Reims)">Egidius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">Bishop of Reims</a>, accused of plotting against King <a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> in favor of his uncle King <a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a>, was tried by a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> of Austrasian bishops in <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> in November 590, found guilty and removed from the priesthood, then taken "<i>ad Argentoratensem urbem, quam nunc Strateburgum vocant</i>" ("to the city of Argentoratum, which they now call <i>Strateburgus</i>"), where he was exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Strasbourg" title="History of Strasbourg">History of Strasbourg</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Strasbourg" title="Timeline of Strasbourg">Timeline of Strasbourg</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg/220px-Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg/330px-Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg/440px-Entr%C3%A9e_solennelle_de_l%27empereur_Sigismond_%C3%A0_Strasbourg_en_1414_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a> visiting Strasbourg in 1414, detail of a painting by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Schnug" title="Léo Schnug">Léo Schnug</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Roman camp</a> of <a href="/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum">Argentoratum</a> was first mentioned in 12 BCE; the city of Strasbourg which grew from it celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1988. The fertile area in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain" title="Upper Rhine Plain">Upper Rhine Plain</a> between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Ill_(France)" title="Ill (France)">Ill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> had already been populated since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg">bishops of Strasbourg</a>; their rule was reinforced in 873 and then more in 982.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hausbergen" title="Battle of Hausbergen">Battle of Hausbergen</a>) and Strasbourg became a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a>. It became a French city in 1681, after the conquest of Alsace by the armies of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>. In 1871, after the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>, the city, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Territory_of_Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine">Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine</a>, became German again, until 1918 (end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>), when it reverted to France. Strasbourg was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German army</a> in June 1940 at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>), and subsequently came under German control again through formal annexation into the <a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Gau Baden</a>-Elsaß under the Nazi Gauleiter <a href="/wiki/Robert_Heinrich_Wagner" title="Robert Heinrich Wagner">Robert Wagner</a>; since the liberation of the city by the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(France)" title="2nd Armored Division (France)">2nd French Armoured Division</a> under <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">Leclerc</a> in November 1944, it has again been a French city. In 2016, Strasbourg was promoted from capital of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> to capital of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>. </p><p>Strasbourg played an important part in the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, with personalities such as <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bucer" title="Martin Bucer">Martin Bucer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Capito" title="Wolfgang Capito">Wolfgang Capito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Zell" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Zell">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katharina_Zell" title="Katharina Zell">Katharina Zell</a>, but also in other aspects of Christianity such as <a href="/wiki/German_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="German mysticism">German mysticism</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">Philipp Spener</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reverence_for_Life" title="Reverence for Life">Reverence for Life</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a>. Delegates from the city took part in the <a href="/wiki/Protestation_at_Speyer" title="Protestation at Speyer">Protestation at Speyer</a>. It was also one of the first centres of the printing industry with pioneers such as <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Mentelin" title="Johannes Mentelin">Johannes Mentelin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Eggestein" title="Heinrich Eggestein">Heinrich Eggestein</a>. Among the darkest periods in the city's long history were the years 1349 (<a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_massacre" title="Strasbourg massacre">Strasbourg massacre</a>), 1518 (<a href="/wiki/Dancing_plague_of_1518" title="Dancing plague of 1518">Dancing plague</a>), 1793 (<a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>), 1870 (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Strasbourg" title="Siege of Strasbourg">Siege of Strasbourg</a>) and the years 1940–1944 with the Nazi occupation (atrocities such as the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_skull_collection" title="Jewish skull collection">Jewish skull collection</a>) and the British and American <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">bombing raids</a>. Some other notable dates were the years 357 (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Strasbourg" title="Battle of Strasbourg">Battle of Argentoratum</a>), 842 (<a href="/wiki/Oaths_of_Strasbourg" title="Oaths of Strasbourg">Oaths of Strasbourg</a>), 1538 (establishment of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">the university</a>), 1605 (world's first newspaper printed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Carolus" title="Johann Carolus">Johann Carolus</a>), 1792 (<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></span></span>), and 1889 (pancreatic origin of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a> discovered by <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Minkowski" title="Oskar Minkowski">Minkowski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Mering" title="Joseph von Mering">Von Mering</a>). </p><p>Strasbourg has been the seat of <a href="/wiki/European_institutions_in_Strasbourg" title="European institutions in Strasbourg">European institutions</a> since 1949: first of the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Civil_Status" title="International Commission on Civil Status">International Commission on Civil Status</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, later of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/European_Science_Foundation" title="European Science Foundation">European Science Foundation</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">Eurocorps</a>, and others as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg/220px-Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg/330px-Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg/440px-Strasbourg_SPOT_1163.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Strasbourg seen from Spot Satellite</figcaption></figure> <p>Strasbourg is situated at the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a>. The historic core of Strasbourg, however, lies on the <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Île (Strasbourg)">Grande Île</a> in the river <a href="/wiki/Ill_(France)" title="Ill (France)">Ill</a>, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city. </p><p>The city lies in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain" title="Upper Rhine Plain">Upper Rhine Plain</a>, at between 132 and 151 metres (433 and 495 ft) above sea level, with the upland areas of the <a href="/wiki/Vosges_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Vosges Mountains">Vosges Mountains</a> some 20 km (12 mi) to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> 25 km (16 mi) to the east. This section of the Rhine valley is a major axis of north–south travel, with river traffic on the Rhine itself, and major roads and railways paralleling it on both banks. </p><p>The city is some 397 kilometres (247 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mouth of the Rhine lies approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the north, or 650 kilometres (400 mi) as the river flows, whilst the head of navigation in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> is some 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the south, or 150 kilometres (93 mi) by river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of its position far inland, Strasbourg has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though with less maritime influence than the milder climates of Western and <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has warm, relatively sunny summers and cool, <a href="/wiki/Overcast" title="Overcast">overcast</a> winters. </p><p>The third highest temperature ever recorded was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) in August 2003, during the <a href="/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 European heat wave">2003 European heat wave</a>. This record was broken, on 30 June 2019, when it reached 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then on 25 July 2019, when it reached 38.9 °C (102.0 °F). The lowest temperature ever recorded was −23.4 °C (−10.1 °F) in December 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strasbourg's location in the Rhine valley, sheltered from strong winds by the Vosges and Black Forest mountains, results in poor natural ventilation, making Strasbourg one of the most atmospherically polluted cities of France.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the progressive disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> on both banks of the Rhine, as well as effective measures of traffic regulation in and around the city have reduced air pollution in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Strasbourg-<a href="/wiki/Entzheim" title="Entzheim">Entzheim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Airport" title="Strasbourg Airport">SXB</a>), elevation: 150 m (492 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.6<br />(−10.5) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.3<br />(−8.1) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.4<br />(−10.1) </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−23.6<br />(−10.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(1.39) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(1.65) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2<br />(3.04) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9<br />(2.83) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(1.87) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(1.78) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">635.7<br />(25.03) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.5 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.4 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.5 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.4 </td> <td style="background: #686868; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.2 </td> <td style="background: #505050; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C312; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,747.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a> (snow days 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strasbourg is divided into the following districts:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Bourse, Esplanade, Krutenau</li> <li>Centre Ville (Downtown Strasbourg)</li> <li>Gare, Tribunal (Central Station, Court)</li> <li>Conseil des XV, Orangerie</li> <li>Cronenbourg</li> <li>Hautepierre, Poteries</li> <li>Koenigshoffen,</li> <li>Montagne-Verte (Green Hill)</li> <li>Elsau</li> <li>Meinau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neudorf_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neudorf (Strasbourg)">Neudorf-Musau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuhof,_Strasbourg" title="Neuhof, Strasbourg">Neuhof 1 (including Ganzau)</a></li> <li>Neuhof 2</li> <li>Robertsau</li> <li>Port du Rhin (Rhine's Harbor)</li></ol> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg/770px-Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg" decoding="async" width="770" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg/1155px-Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg/1540px-Strasbourg_-_Ponts_Couverts_vus_de_la_terrasse_panoramique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Panorama from the <i><a href="/wiki/Barrage_Vauban" title="Barrage Vauban">Barrage Vauban</a></i> with the medieval bridge <i><a href="/wiki/Ponts_Couverts_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponts Couverts (Strasbourg)">Ponts Couverts</a></i> in the foreground (the fourth tower is hidden by trees at the left) and the <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">cathedral</a> in the distance on the right</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg/500px-Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg/750px-Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg/1000px-Petite_France_during_golden_hour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>La Petite France during golden hour</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Strasbourg_Cathedral_Exterior_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6574" data-file-height="8402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">Strasbourg, Cathedral of Our Lady</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is chiefly known for its <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">Cathedral</a> with its famous <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock" title="Strasbourg astronomical clock">astronomical clock</a>, and for its medieval cityscape of <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> black and white <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timber-framed</a> buildings, particularly in the <i><a href="/wiki/Petite_France,_Strasbourg" title="Petite France, Strasbourg">Petite France</a></i> district or <i>Gerberviertel</i> ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned <i><a href="/wiki/Kammerzell_House" title="Kammerzell House">Maison Kammerzell</a></i> stands out. </p><p>Notable medieval streets include <i><a href="/wiki/Rue_Merci%C3%A8re,_Strasbourg" title="Rue Mercière, Strasbourg">Rue Mercière</a></i>, <i>Rue des Dentelles</i>, <i>Rue du Bain aux Plantes</i>, <i>Rue des Juifs</i>, <i>Rue des Frères</i>, <i>Rue des Tonneliers</i>, <i>Rue du Maroquin</i>, <i>Rue des Charpentiers</i>, <i>Rue des Serruriers</i>, <i>Grand' Rue</i>, <i>Quai des Bateliers</i>, <i>Quai Saint-Nicolas</i> and <i>Quai Saint-Thomas</i>. Notable medieval squares include <i>Place de la Cathédrale</i>, <i>Place du Marché Gayot</i>, <i>Place Saint-Étienne</i>, <i>Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait</i> and <i>Place Benjamin Zix</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG/330px-Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG/440px-Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg/220px-Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg/330px-Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg/440px-Strasbourg_place_gutenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4113" data-file-height="2417" /></a><figcaption>Place Gutenberg with statue of Gutenberg and Carousel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG/330px-Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG/440px-Absolute_Maison_des_tanneurs_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Maison des tanneurs</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourgriver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourgriver.jpg/220px-Strasbourgriver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourgriver.jpg/330px-Strasbourgriver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Strasbourgriver.jpg/440px-Strasbourgriver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of the Ill with <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas, Strasbourg">Église Saint-Thomas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <i>Église Saint-Étienne</i>, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">bombing raids</a>; the part-Romanesque, part-Gothic, very large <i><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas, Strasbourg">Église Saint-Thomas</a></i> with its <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Silbermann" title="Gottfried Silbermann">Silbermann</a> organ on which <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> played;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Gothic <i><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune_Protestant_Church" title="Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church">Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune</a></i> with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloister</a> partly from the eleventh century; the Gothic <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_William%27s_Church,_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint William's Church, Strasbourg">Église Saint-Guillaume</a></i> with its fine early-Renaissance <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> and furniture; the Gothic <i>Église Saint-Jean</i>; the part-Gothic, part-<a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Madeleine_Church;_Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sainte-Madeleine Church; Strasbourg (page does not exist)">Église Sainte-Madeleine</a></i> etc. The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Neo-Gothic</a> church <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Saint_Peter%27s_Church,_Strasbourg" title="Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg">Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique</a></i> (there is also an adjacent church <i>Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant</i>) serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood-worked and painted <a href="/wiki/Altar#In_Western_Christian_churches" title="Altar">altars</a> coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display; especially the <a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Christ_(Strasbourg)" title="The Passion of Christ (Strasbourg)">Passion of Christ</a>. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental <i><a href="/wiki/Ancienne_Douane_(Strasbourg)" title="Ancienne Douane (Strasbourg)">Ancienne Douane</a></i> (old <a href="/wiki/Custom-house" class="mw-redirect" title="Custom-house">custom-house</a>) stands out. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially <a href="/wiki/Neubau_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neubau (Strasbourg)">the current <i>Chambre de commerce et d'industrie</i></a>, former <a href="/wiki/City_and_town_halls" class="mw-redirect" title="City and town halls">town hall</a>, on <i>Place Gutenberg</i>), as did the <a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_and_Classicism" class="mw-redirect" title="French Baroque and Classicism">French Baroque and Classicism</a> with several <i>hôtels particuliers</i> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palaces</a>), among which the <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_Rohan,_Strasbourg" title="Palais Rohan, Strasbourg">Palais Rohan</a></i> (completed 1742, used for university purposes from 1872 to 1895,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Hanau" title="Hôtel de Hanau">Hôtel de Hanau</a>" (1736, now the city hall); the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Klinglin" title="Hôtel de Klinglin">Hôtel de Klinglin</a></i> (1736, now residence of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet" class="mw-redirect" title="Préfet">préfet</a></i></span>); the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_des_Deux-Ponts" title="Hôtel des Deux-Ponts">Hôtel des Deux-Ponts</a></i> (1755, now residence of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Governor">military governor</a>); the <i>Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin</i> (1725, now seat of the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Port_autonome_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Port autonome de Strasbourg">Port autonome de Strasbourg</a>) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150-metre-long (490 ft) 1720s main building of the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_civil,_Strasbourg" title="Hôpital civil, Strasbourg">Hôpital civil</a></i>. As for French <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neo-classicism</a>, it is the <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Opera_House" title="Strasbourg Opera House">Opera House</a> on <a href="/wiki/Place_Broglie" title="Place Broglie">Place Broglie</a> that most prestigiously represents this style. </p><p>Strasbourg also offers high-class <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">eclecticist</a> buildings in its very extended German district, the <i><a href="/wiki/Neustadt,_Strasbourg" title="Neustadt, Strasbourg">Neustadt</a></i>, being the main memory of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_I,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm I, German Emperor">Wilhelmian architecture</a> since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural style</a> that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Greek</a> and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_du_Rhin" title="Palais du Rhin">Palais du Rhin</a></i>, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the <a href="/wiki/Pontonniers_International_High_School" title="Pontonniers International High School">École internationale des Pontonniers</a> (the former <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6here_M%C3%A4dchenschule" title="Höhere Mädchenschule">Höhere Mädchenschule</a></i>, with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Haute_%C3%A9cole_des_arts_du_Rhin" title="Haute école des arts du Rhin">Haute école des arts du Rhin</a></i> with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and <a href="/wiki/Maiolica" title="Maiolica">majolica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg/220px-OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg/330px-OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg/440px-OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The baroque organ of the <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas, Strasbourg">Église Saint-Thomas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Notable streets of the German district include: <i>Avenue de la Forêt Noire</i>, <i>Avenue des Vosges</i>, <i>Avenue d'Alsace</i>, <i>Avenue de la Marseillaise</i>, <i>Avenue de la Liberté</i>, <i>Boulevard de la Victoire</i>, <i>Rue Sellénick</i>, <i>Rue du Général de Castelnau</i>, <i>Rue du Maréchal Foch</i>, and <i>Rue du Maréchal Joffre</i>. Notable squares of the German district include <i><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de la République (Strasbourg)">Place de la République</a></i>, <i>Place de l'Université</i>, <i>Place Brant</i>, and <i>Place Arnold</i>. </p><p>Impressive examples of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> military architecture of the 1880s can be found along the newly reopened <i>Rue du Rempart</i>, displaying large-scale fortifications among which the aptly named <i>Kriegstor</i> (war gate). </p><p>As for modern and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary architecture</a>, Strasbourg possesses some fine <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> buildings (such as the huge <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_des_F%C3%AAtes" title="Palais des Fêtes">Palais des Fêtes</a></i> and houses and villas like <i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Schutzenberger" title="Villa Schutzenberger">Villa Schutzenberger</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Brion" title="Hôtel Brion">Hôtel Brion</a></i>), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the <i>Cité Rotterdam</i>, for which <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended <i>Quartier Européen</i>, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights_building" title="European Court of Human Rights building">European Court of Human Rights building</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a> is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new <a href="/wiki/College_or_university_school_of_music" class="mw-redirect" title="College or university school of music">Music school</a> <i>Cité de la Musique et de la Danse</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Museum_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art" title="Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art">Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain</a></i> and the <i>Hôtel du Département</i> facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station <a href="/wiki/Hoenheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoenheim">Hoenheim</a>-Nord designed by <a href="/wiki/Zaha_Hadid" title="Zaha Hadid">Zaha Hadid</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg/220px-Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg/330px-Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg/440px-Absolute_place_Kleber_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Place_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Place Kléber">Place Kléber</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered <i><a href="/wiki/Ponts_Couverts_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponts Couverts (Strasbourg)">Ponts Couverts</a></i> that, despite their name, are no longer covered. Next to the <i>Ponts Couverts</i> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Barrage_Vauban" title="Barrage Vauban">Barrage Vauban</a></i>, a part of <a href="/wiki/Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauban">Vauban</a>'s 17th-century fortifications, that does include a covered bridge. Other bridges are the ornate 19th-century <i>Pont de la Fonderie</i> (1893, stone) and <i>Pont d'Auvergne</i> (1892, iron), as well as architect <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Mimram" class="extiw" title="fr:Marc Mimram">Marc Mimram</a>'s futuristic <i>Passerelle</i> over the Rhine, opened in 2004. </p><p>The largest square at the centre of the city of Strasbourg is the <a href="/wiki/Place_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Place Kléber">Place Kléber</a>. Located in the heart of the city's commercial area, it was named after general <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a>, born in Strasbourg in 1753 and assassinated in 1800 in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. In the square is a statue of Kléber, under which is a vault containing his remains. On the north side of the square is the <a href="/wiki/Aubette_(building)" title="Aubette (building)">Aubette</a> (Orderly Room), built by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques François Blondel</a>, architect of the king, in 1765–1772. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg/220px-Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg/330px-Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg/440px-Absolute_Pavillon_Jos%C3%A9phine_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Pavillon Joséphine</i> (rear side) in the <i>Parc de l'Orangerie</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG/330px-Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG/440px-Absolute_Chateau_de_Pourtales_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Château de Pourtalès</i> (front side) in the park of the same name</figcaption></figure> <p>Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the <i>Parc de l'Orangerie</i>, laid out as a French garden by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André le Nôtre</a> and remodeled as an <a href="/wiki/Landscape_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape garden">English garden</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a>, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoo</a>; the <i>Parc de la Citadelle</i>, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortress</a> erected close to the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauban">Vauban</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>Parc de Pourtalès</i>, laid out in English style around a <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and featuring an <a href="/wiki/Open-air_museum" title="Open-air museum">open-air museum</a> of international contemporary sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_de_Strasbourg" title="Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg">Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg</a> (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the <a href="/wiki/Observatory_of_Strasbourg" title="Observatory of Strasbourg">Observatory of Strasbourg</a>, built in 1881, and still owns some <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouses</a> of those times. The <i>Parc des Contades</i>, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic <i>Parc des Poteries</i> is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The <i>Jardin des deux Rives</i>, spread over Strasbourg and <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a> on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is <i>Parc du Heyritz</i> (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_civil,_Strasbourg" title="Hôpital civil, Strasbourg">hôpital civil</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2020, the city of Strasbourg has eleven municipal museums (including <i>Aubette 1928</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eleven university museums,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at least two privately owned museums (<i>Musée vodou</i> and <i>Musée du barreau de Strasbourg</i>). Five communes in the metropolitan area also have museums (see below), three of them dedicated to military history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overview">Overview</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collections in Strasbourg are distributed over a wide range of museums, according to a system that takes into account not only the types and geographical provenances of the items, but also the epochs. This concerns in particular the following domains: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Master" title="Old Master">Old Master</a> paintings from the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhenish</a> territories and until 1681 are displayed in the <i>Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame</i> (MOND); old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871, as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871, are displayed in the <i>Musée des Beaux-Arts</i>; paintings since 1871 are displayed in the <i>Musée d'art moderne et contemporain</i> (MAMCS).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a> until 1681 are on display in the MOND, decorative arts from the years 1681 until 1871 are on display in the <i>Musée des arts décoratifs</i>, decorative arts after 1871 are on display at the MAMCS, with items from each epoch also shown in the <i>Musée historique</i>.</li> <li>Prints and drawings until 1871 are displayed in the <i>Cabinet des estampes et dessins</i>, save for the original plans of Strasbourg Cathedral, displayed in the MOND. Prints and drawings after 1871 are displayed in the MAMCS, and in the <i>Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration</i> (the combined number of prints and drawings amounts to well over 200,000).</li> <li>Artefacts from Ancient Egypt are on display in two entirely different collections, one in the <i>Musée archéologique</i> and the other belonging to the <i>Instituts d'Égyptologie et de Papyrologie</i> of the University of Strasbourg.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fine_art_museums">Fine art museums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fine art museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg/220px-Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg/330px-Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg/440px-Paul_Hannong_Strassburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1606" /></a><figcaption>A room in the <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Strasbourg" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Strasbourg">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Strasbourg" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg">Musée des Beaux-Arts</a></i> owns paintings by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco de Goya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto di Bondone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Correggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cima_da_Conegliano" title="Cima da Conegliano">Cima da Conegliano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a>, among others.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27%C5%92uvre_Notre-Dame" title="Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame">Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame</a></i> (located in a part-Gothic, part-Renaissance building next to the cathedral) houses a large and renowned collection of medieval and Renaissance upper-Rhenish art, among which original sculptures, plans and stained glass from the cathedral and paintings by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Baldung" title="Hans Baldung">Hans Baldung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Stoskopff" title="Sebastian Stoskopff">Sebastian Stoskopff</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Museum_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art" title="Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art">Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain</a></i> is among the largest museums of its kind in France.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Strasbourg" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Strasbourg">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a></i>, located in the sumptuous former residence of the cardinals of Rohan, the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Rohan,_Strasbourg" title="Palais Rohan, Strasbourg">Palais Rohan</a> displays a reputable collection of 18th century furniture and china.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_estampes_et_des_dessins_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des estampes et des dessins (Strasbourg)">Cabinet des estampes et des dessins</a></i> displays five centuries of <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a> and drawings, but also <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithographies</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Tomi_Ungerer/Centre_international_de_l%27illustration" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration">Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration</a></i>, located in a large former villa next to the Theatre, displays original works by Ungerer and other artists (<a href="/wiki/Saul_Steinberg" title="Saul Steinberg">Saul Steinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Searle" title="Ronald Searle">Ronald Searle</a> ... ) as well as Ungerer's large collection of ancient toys.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_museums">Other museums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée archéologique (Strasbourg)">Musée archéologique</a></i> presents a large display of regional findings from the first ages of man to the sixth century, focusing on the Roman and Celtic period. It also includes a collection of works from Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, assembled and bequeathed by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Schlumberger" title="Gustave Schlumberger">Gustave Schlumberger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)">Musée alsacien</a></i> is dedicated to traditional Alsatian daily life.</li> <li><i>Le Vaisseau</i> ("The vessel") is a science and technology centre, especially designed for children.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_historique_de_Strasbourg" title="Musée historique de Strasbourg">Musée historique</a></i> (historical museum) is dedicated to the tumultuous history of the city and displays many artifacts of the times, including the <i>Grüselhorn</i>, the horn that was blown at 10 every evening during medieval times to order the Jews out of the city.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Castle_(Strasbourg)" title="Voodoo Castle (Strasbourg)">Musée vodou</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Voodoo</a> museum) opened its doors on 28 November 2013. Displaying a private collection of artefacts from <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, it is located in a former water tower (<i>château d'eau</i>) built in 1883 and classified as a <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">Monument historique</a>.</li> <li>The <i>Musée du barreau de Strasbourg</i> (The Strasbourg <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">bar association</a> museum) is a museum dedicated to the work and the history of <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a> in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_museums">University museums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: University museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Université de Strasbourg</a> is in charge of a number of permanent public displays of its collections of scientific artefacts and products of all kinds of exploration and research.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_zoologique_de_la_ville_de_Strasbourg" title="Musée zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg">Musée zoologique</a></i> is one of the oldest in France and is especially famous for its collection of birds. The museum is co-administered by the municipality.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_Universitaire,_Strasbourg#Gypsothèque" title="Palais Universitaire, Strasbourg">Gypsothèque</a></i> (also known as <i>Musée des moulages</i> or <i>Musée <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Michaelis" title="Adolf Michaelis">Adolf Michaelis</a></i>) is France's second-largest <a href="/wiki/Plaster_cast" title="Plaster cast">cast collection</a> and the largest university cast collection in France.</li> <li>The <i>Musée de <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">Sismologie</a> et <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnétisme terrestre</a></i> displays antique instruments of measure.</li> <li>The <i>Musée <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Pasteur</a></i> is a collection of medical curiosities.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_min%C3%A9ralogie" title="Musée de minéralogie">Musée de minéralogie</a></i> is dedicated to minerals.</li> <li>The <i>Musée d'<a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Égyptologie</a></i> houses a collections of archaeological findings made in and brought from Egypt and Sudan. This collection is entirely separate from the Schlumberger collection of the Musée archéologique (see above).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Crypte aux étoiles</i> ("star <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a>") is situated in the vaulted basement below the <a href="/wiki/Observatory_of_Strasbourg" title="Observatory of Strasbourg">Observatory of Strasbourg</a> and displays old telescopes and other antique astronomical devices such as clocks and <a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">theodolites</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museums_in_the_suburbs">Museums in the suburbs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museums in the suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Musée Les Secrets du Chocolat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">Chocolate</a> museum) in <a href="/wiki/Geispolsheim" title="Geispolsheim">Geispolsheim</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Fr%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Frère (page does not exist)">Fort Frère</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oberhausbergen" title="Oberhausbergen">Oberhausbergen</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rapp" title="Fort Rapp">Fort Rapp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reichstett" title="Reichstett">Reichstett</a></li> <li><i>MM Park France</i>, a military museum, in <a href="/wiki/La_Wantzenau" title="La Wantzenau">La Wantzenau</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commune of Strasbourg proper had a population of 291,313 on 1 January 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-pop2021_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2021-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the result of a constant moderate annual growth which is also reflected in the constant growth of the number of students at its <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">university</a> (e. g. from 42,000 students in 2010 to 52,000 students in 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> of Strasbourg had a population of 853,110 inhabitants in 2019 (French side of the border only),<sup id="cite_ref-AAV_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the transnational <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg-Ortenau_Eurodistrict" title="Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict">Eurodistrict</a> had a population of 1,000,000 in 2022. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Strasbourg (a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> since 1262), was an important town. According to a 1444 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a>, the population was circa 20,000; only one third less than <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, then a major European city.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_growth">Population growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Population growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,254</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,056</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,680</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">49,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,885</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,298</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,992</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,565</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">77,656</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,014</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">84,167</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,654</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1875 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,306</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1880 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">104,471</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1885 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1895 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">135,608</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">151,041</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.18%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1905 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">167,678</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">178,891</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">166,767</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">174,492</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">181,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">193,119</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">175,515</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">228,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">249,396</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">253,384</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">248,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">252,338</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">264,115</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">272,123</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">274,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">280,966</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">290,576</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.13%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg/780px-Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg" decoding="async" width="780" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg/1170px-Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg/1560px-Strasbourg_River_Ill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7396" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ill_(France)" title="Ill (France)">Ill</a>, seen from the terrace of the Palais Rohan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_composition">Population composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Population composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>2012</th> <th>%</th> <th>2007</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Total population</td> <td>274,394</td> <td>100</td> <td>272,123</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0–14 years</td> <td>47,473</td> <td>17.3</td> <td>46,263</td> <td>17.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15–29 years</td> <td>77,719</td> <td>28.3</td> <td>78,291</td> <td>28.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30–44 years</td> <td>54,514</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>54,850</td> <td>20.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45–59 years</td> <td>45,436</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>47,236</td> <td>17.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60–74 years</td> <td>30,321</td> <td>11.1</td> <td>27,060</td> <td>9.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75+ years</td> <td>18,931</td> <td>6.9</td> <td>18,424</td> <td>6.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Strasbourg" title="Special:EditPage/Strasbourg">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Strasbourg is the seat of internationally renowned institutions of music and drama: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Orchestre_philharmonique_de_Strasbourg" title="Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg">Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg</a>, founded in 1855, one of the oldest symphonic orchestras in western Europe. Based since 1975 in the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_musique_et_des_congr%C3%A8s" title="Palais de la musique et des congrès">Palais de la musique et des congrès</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_national_du_Rhin" title="Opéra national du Rhin">Opéra national du Rhin</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_national_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre national de Strasbourg">Théâtre national de Strasbourg</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percussions_de_Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percussions de Strasbourg (page does not exist)">Percussions de Strasbourg</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Maillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théâtre du Maillon (page does not exist)">Théâtre du Maillon</a></li> <li>The "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laiterie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laiterie (page does not exist)">Laiterie</a>"</li></ul> <p>Other theatres are the <i>Théâtre jeune public</i>, the <i>TAPS Scala</i>, the <i>Kafteur</i> ...  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musica_(French_music_festival)" title="Musica (French music festival)">Musica</a>, international festival of contemporary classical music (autumn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Music_Festival" title="Strasbourg Music Festival">Festival international de Strasbourg</a> (founded in 1932), festival of classical music and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_des_Artefacts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival des Artefacts (page does not exist)">Festival des Artefacts</a>, festival of contemporary non-classical music</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Nuits_%C3%A9lectroniques_de_l%27Ososph%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Nuits électroniques de l'Ososphère (page does not exist)">Les Nuits électroniques de l'Ososphère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_European_Fantastic_Film_Festival" title="Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival">Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a> devoted to science fiction, <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>. It was known as the <a href="/wiki/Spectre_Film_Festival" title="Spectre Film Festival">Spectre Film Festival</a> before 2008.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbulles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strasbulles (page does not exist)">Strasbulles</a> is the annual comic con, also known as the <i>European Festival of <a href="/wiki/Bande_Dessin%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Bande Dessinée">Bande Dessinée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Strasbourg_International_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Strasbourg International Film Festival (page does not exist)">The Strasbourg International Film Festival</a> is an annual film festival focusing on new and emerging <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent filmmakers</a> from around the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkindelsm%C3%A4rik,_Strasbourg" title="Christkindelsmärik, Strasbourg">Christkindelsmärik</a>, held from the end of November through December, is an annual Christmas market that dates back to 1570.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_tertiary_education">Universities and tertiary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Universities and tertiary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strasbourg, well known as a centre of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, has a long history of excellence in higher education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions. Although Strasbourg had been annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1683, it still remained connected to the German-speaking intellectual world throughout the 18th century, and the university attracted numerous students from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klemens_Wenzel,_Prince_von_Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich">Metternich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Montgelas" title="Maximilian von Montgelas">Montgelas</a>, who studied law in Strasbourg, among the most prominent. With 19 Nobel prizes in total, Strasbourg is the most eminent French university outside of Paris. </p><p>Until 2009, there were three <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">universities in Strasbourg</a>, with an approximate total of 48,500 students in 2007, and another 4,500 students attended one of the diverse <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">post-graduate</a> schools:<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Strasbourg I – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur_University" title="Louis Pasteur University">Louis Pasteur University</a></li> <li>Strasbourg II – <a href="/wiki/Marc_Bloch_University" title="Marc Bloch University">Marc Bloch University</a></li> <li>Strasbourg III – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman_University" title="Robert Schuman University">Robert Schuman University</a></li></ul> <p>The three institutions merged in 2009, forming the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Strasbourg">Université de Strasbourg</a>. Its component schools include: </p> <ul><li>Sciences Po Strasbourg (<a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Strasbourg" title="Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg">Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg</a>), the University of Strasbourg's political science and international studies centre</li> <li>The EMS (<a href="/wiki/EM_Strasbourg_Business_School" title="EM Strasbourg Business School">EM Strasbourg Business School</a>), the University of Strasbourg's business school</li> <li>The INSA (<a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées">Institut national des sciences appliquées</a>), the University of Strasbourg's engineering school</li> <li>The ENA (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a>). ENA trains most of the nation's high-ranking civil servants. The relocation to Strasbourg was meant to give a European vocation to the school and to implement the French government's "décentralisation" plan.</li> <li>The ISEG Group (<a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_europ%C3%A9en_de_gestion_group" title="Institut supérieur européen de gestion group">Institut supérieur européen de gestion group</a>)</li> <li>The ECPM (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_europ%C3%A9enne_de_chimie,_polym%C3%A8res_et_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux">École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux</a>)</li> <li>The EPITA (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pour_l%27informatique_et_les_techniques_avanc%C3%A9es" title="École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées">École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées</a>)</li> <li>The EPITECH (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pour_l%27informatique_et_les_nouvelles_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies">École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies</a>)</li> <li>The ITIRI (Institute de traducteurs, d'interpretes, et de relations Internationales)</li> <li>The INET (<a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_%C3%A9tudes_territoriales" title="Institut national des études territoriales">Institut national des études territoriales</a>)</li> <li>The IIEF (Institut international d'études françaises)</li> <li>Three IUTs (Instituts universitaires de technologie located in Schiltigheim, Illkirch, and Haguenau)</li> <li>The ENGEES (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_du_g%C3%A9nie_de_l%27eau_et_de_l%27environnement_de_Strasbourg" title="École nationale du génie de l'eau et de l'environnement de Strasbourg">École nationale du génie de l'eau et de l'environnement de Strasbourg</a>)</li> <li>The CUEJ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_universitaire_d%27enseignement_du_journalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre universitaire d'enseignement du journalisme (page does not exist)">Centre universitaire d'enseignement du journalisme</a>)</li> <li>TÉLÉCOM Physique Strasbourg (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure de physique de Strasbourg">École nationale supérieure de physique de Strasbourg</a>), Institute of Technology, located in the South of Strasbourg (Illkirch-Graffenstaden)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_tertiary_institutions">Other tertiary institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other tertiary institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two American colleges have a base in Strasbourg: <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, New York, and <a href="/wiki/Centre_College" title="Centre College">Centre College</a>, Kentucky. There is also HEAR (<a href="/wiki/Haute_%C3%A9cole_des_arts_du_Rhin" title="Haute école des arts du Rhin">Haute école des arts du Rhin</a>) the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">art school</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_University" title="International Space University">International Space University</a> in the south of Strasbourg (<a href="/wiki/Illkirch-Graffenstaden" title="Illkirch-Graffenstaden">Illkirch-Graffenstaden</a>). </p><p>The European Center for Studies and Research in Ethics <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a tertiary establishment for research and education in <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a>. This center is located at the premises of the old faculty of medicine in Strasbourg. The Center’s name in French is CEERE (<i>Centre européen d’enseignement et de recherche en éthique</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International schools include: </p><p>Multiple levels: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_School_of_Strasbourg" title="European School of Strasbourg">European School of Strasbourg</a> (priority given to children whose parents are employed at the <a href="/wiki/European_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="European institutions">European institutions</a>)</li></ul> <p>For elementary education:<sup id="cite_ref-Strasschools_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasschools-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>École Internationale Robert Schuman</li> <li>International School at Lucie Berger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mission_School_in_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mission School in Strasbourg">Russian Mission School in Strasbourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>For middle school/junior high school education:<sup id="cite_ref-Strasschools_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasschools-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Collège International de l'Esplanade</li></ul> <p>For senior high school/sixth form college:<sup id="cite_ref-Strasschools_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasschools-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lycée International des Pontonniers (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_international_des_Pontonniers" class="extiw" title="fr:Lycée international des Pontonniers">FR</a>)</li> <li>Lycée International Jean Sturm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libraries">Libraries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg/220px-Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg/330px-Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg/440px-Absolute_Bibliotheque_nationale_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Lateral view of the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_et_universitaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire">National Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_et_universitaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire">Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire</a> (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second-largest library in France after the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></span></span>. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out "...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman."<sup id="cite_ref-Butler,_Pierce_1945._Page_15_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler,_Pierce_1945._Page_15-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipal library Bibliothèque municipale de Strasbourg (BMS) administers a network of ten medium-sized libraries in different areas of the town. A six stories high "Grande bibliothèque", the <i>Médiathèque <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></i>, was inaugurated on 19 September 2008 and is considered the largest in Eastern France.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incunabula">Incunabula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Incunabula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the earliest centres of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of <a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a> — books printed before 1500 — in its library as one of its most precious heritages: no less than 7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-BNU_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNU-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: <i>Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire</i>, ca. 2,120,<sup id="cite_ref-BNU_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNU-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg</i>, 349,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire</i>, 238,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Médiathèque protestante</i>, 66,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel</i>, 5.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG/220px-Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG/330px-Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG/440px-Strasbourg_PontTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>One of Strasbourg's trams passes over one of its canals, whilst a tourist trip boat passes underneath.</figcaption></figure> <p>Train services operate from the <i><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Strasbourg">Gare de Strasbourg</a></i>, the city's main station in the city centre, eastward to <a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> in Germany, westward to <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> and Paris, and southward to <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. Strasbourg's links with the rest of France have improved due to its recent connection to the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> network, with the first phase of the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Est" title="LGV Est">TGV <i>Est</i></a> (Paris–Strasbourg) in 2007, the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Rhin-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="LGV Rhin-Rhône">TGV <i>Rhin-Rhône</i></a> (Strasbourg-<a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>) in 2012, and the second phase of the TGV Est in July 2016. </p><p>Strasbourg also has its <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Airport" title="Strasbourg Airport">own airport</a>, serving major domestic destinations as well as international destinations in Europe and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">northern Africa</a>. The airport is linked to the <i>Gare de Strasbourg</i> by a frequent train service.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>City transport in Strasbourg includes the <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_tramway" title="Strasbourg tramway">Strasbourg tramway</a>, which opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_Transports_Strasbourgeois" title="Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois">Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois</a> (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap <a href="/wiki/Bike-sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike-sharing">bike-sharing</a> scheme named <i>Vélhop</i>. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> routes between 1939 and 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Being on the <a href="/wiki/Ill_(France)" title="Ill (France)">Ill</a> and close to the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial navigation">fluvial navigation</a>, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the <i><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_la_Bruche" title="Canal de la Bruche">Canal de la Bruche</a></i> was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> from quarries in the <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent <i><a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_au_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal du Rhône au Rhin">Canal du Rhône au Rhin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_la_Marne_au_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de la Marne au Rhin">Canal de la Marne au Rhin</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_d%27Alsace" title="Grand Canal d'Alsace">Grand Canal d'Alsace</a></i> are still in use, as is the important activity of the <i><a href="/wiki/Port_autonome_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Port autonome de Strasbourg">Port autonome de Strasbourg</a></i>. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly. </p><p>The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian priority zone</a> that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of <a href="/wiki/Permeability_(spatial_and_transport_planning)" title="Permeability (spatial and transport planning)">"filtered permeability"</a> to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">active transport</a> and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the <a href="/wiki/Fused_grid" title="Fused grid">fused grid</a>. </p><p>At present the <a href="/wiki/A35_autoroute" title="A35 autoroute">A35 autoroute</a>, which parallels the Rhine between <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/A4_autoroute" title="A4 autoroute">A4 autoroute</a>, which links <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The <i>Grand contournement ouest</i> (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, planned to construct a 24-kilometre-long (15 mi) highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=A352_autoroute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A352 autoroute (page does not exist)">A352</a> autoroutes in the south. This routes well to the west of the city in order to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Unité urbaine">unité urbaine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GCO project was opposed by environmentalists, who created a <a href="/wiki/Zone_to_Defend" title="Zone to Defend">ZAD</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Zone_to_Defend" title="Zone to Defend">Zone to Defend</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GCOFigaro_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCOFigaro-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After much delay, the GCO was finally inaugurated on 11 December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strasbourg_public_transport_statistics">Strasbourg public transport statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Strasbourg public transport statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transport in Strasbourg on weekdays is 52 min. 7% of travellers on public transport travel for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transport is 9 min and 11% of passengers wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually travel in a single trip on public transport is 3.9 km (2.4 mi), whilst none travels for more than 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_role">European role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: European role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/220px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/330px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/440px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions">Institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_Institutions_in_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="European Institutions in Strasbourg">European Institutions in Strasbourg</a></div> <p>Strasbourg is the seat of over twenty international institutions,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most famously of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, of which it is the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">official seat</a>. Strasbourg is considered the legislative and democratic capital of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> is considered the executive and administrative capital and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg (city)">Luxembourg</a> the judiciary and <a href="/wiki/Financial_capital" title="Financial capital">financial capital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strasbourg is the seat of the following organisations, among others: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Navigation_on_the_Rhine" title="Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine">Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine</a> (since 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> with all the bodies and organisations affiliated to this institution (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (since 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">Eurocorps</a> headquarters,</li> <li>Franco-German television channel <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Science_Foundation" title="European Science Foundation">European Science Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Human_Rights" title="International Institute of Human Rights">International Institute of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Frontier_Science_Program" title="Human Frontier Science Program">Human Frontier Science Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Civil_Status" title="International Commission on Civil Status">International Commission on Civil Status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Centre for European Studies</a> (French: <i>Centre d'études européennes de Strasbourg</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurodistrict">Eurodistrict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Eurodistrict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg-Ortenau_Eurodistrict" title="Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict">Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict</a></div> <p>France and Germany have created a <a href="/wiki/Eurodistrict" title="Eurodistrict">Eurodistrict</a> straddling the Rhine, combining the Greater Strasbourg and the <a href="/wiki/Ortenaukreis" title="Ortenaukreis">Ortenau</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, with some common administration. It was established in 2005 and has been fully functional since 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG/220px-Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG/330px-Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG/440px-Stade_de_la_Meinau.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_la_Meinau" title="Stade de la Meinau">Stade de la Meinau</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/RC_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="RC Strasbourg">RC Strasbourg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sporting teams from Strasbourg are the <a href="/wiki/RC_Strasbourg_Alsace" title="RC Strasbourg Alsace">Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>), <a href="/wiki/SIG_Strasbourg" title="SIG Strasbourg">SIG Strasbourg</a> (basketball) and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_Noire_de_Strasbourg" title="Étoile Noire de Strasbourg">Étoile Noire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The women's tennis <a href="/wiki/Internationaux_de_Strasbourg" title="Internationaux de Strasbourg">Internationaux de Strasbourg</a> is one of the most important French tournaments of its kind outside <a href="/wiki/French_Open" title="French Open">Roland-Garros</a>. In 1922, Strasbourg was the venue for the XVI Grand Prix de l'A.C.F. which saw Fiat battle Bugatti, Ballot, Rolland Pilain, and Britain's Aston Martin and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_Sunbeams_1922" title="Grand Prix Sunbeams 1922">Sunbeam</a>. </p><p>In 2006 Strasbourg hosted the Grand Depart of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Tour_de_France" title="2006 Tour de France">Tour de France</a>. </p><p>The city is home to <a href="/wiki/SN_Strasbourg" title="SN Strasbourg">SN Strasbourg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Championnat_de_France_(water_polo)" title="Championnat de France (water polo)">First division</a> water polo team that plays its home games at the Piscine de la Kibitzenau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Honours associated with the city of Strasbourg: </p> <ul><li>The Medal of Honor Strasbourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a> seated in Strasbourg</li> <li>City of Strasbourg Silver (gilt) Medal, a former medal with City Coat of Arms and Ten Arms of the Cities of the <a href="/wiki/Dekapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekapolis">Dekapolis</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Strasbourg" title="List of people from Strasbourg">List of people from Strasbourg</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg#Notable_academics_and_alumni" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg § Notable academics and alumni</a>; <a href="/wiki/Observatory_of_Strasbourg#Notable_astronomers" title="Observatory of Strasbourg">Observatory of Strasbourg § Notable astronomers</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops,_prince-bishops_and_archbishops_of_Strasbourg" title="List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg">List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg</a></div> <p>In chronological order, notable people born in Strasbourg include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Friuli" title="Eric of Friuli">Eric of Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Brant" title="Sebastian Brant">Sebastian Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Kléber">Jean Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ramond_de_Carbonni%C3%A8res" title="Louis Ramond de Carbonnières">Louis Ramond de Carbonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_Kellermann" class="mw-redirect" title="François Christophe Kellermann">François Christophe Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Tussaud" title="Marie Tussaud">Marie Tussaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Gerhardt" title="Charles Frédéric Gerhardt">Charles Frédéric Gerhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Sch%C3%BCtzenberger" title="Louis-Frédéric Schützenberger">Louis-Frédéric Schützenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Waldteufel" title="Émile Waldteufel">Émile Waldteufel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh" title="René Beeh">René Beeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean/Hans Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Munch_(conductor)" title="Charles Munch (conductor)">Charles Münch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kriegel-Valrimont" title="Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont">Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Marceau" title="Marcel Marceau">Marcel Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Ungerer" title="Tomi Ungerer">Tomi Ungerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Sombart" title="Elizabeth Sombart">Elizabeth Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Wenger" title="Arsène Wenger">Arsène Wenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_(Portuguese_footballer)" title="Petit (Portuguese footballer)">Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pio_Marma%C3%AF" title="Pio Marmaï">Pio Marmaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Pokora" title="M. Pokora">Matt Pokora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Pravi" title="Barbara Pravi">Barbara Pravi</a></li></ul> <p>In chronological order, notable residents of Strasbourg include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Baldung" title="Hans Baldung">Hans Baldung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bucer" title="Martin Bucer">Martin Bucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Meyer" title="Joachim Meyer">Joachim Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Carolus" title="Johann Carolus">Johann Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Michael_Reinhold_Lenz" title="Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz">Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_Wenzel,_Prince_von_Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich">Klemens Wenzel von Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Ferdinand Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Georg Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Klemperer" title="Otto Klemperer">Otto Klemperer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bloch" title="Marc Bloch">Marc Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi" title="Marjane Satrapi">Marjane Satrapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Paul Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Strasbourg is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, United States, since 1960<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boston_sisters_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_sisters-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, United Kingdom, since 1960<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Archant_twinning_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leicester_twinnings_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leicester_twinnings-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany, since 1962<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stuttgart_twinnings_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuttgart_twinnings-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Germany, since 1990<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dresden_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dresden-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a>, Israel, since 1991<sup id="cite_ref-Strasbourg_twinnings_80-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasbourg_twinnings-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ramat_Gan_twinnings_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramat_Gan_twinnings-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Strasbourg has cooperative agreements with:<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacmel" title="Jacmel">Jacmel</a>, Haiti, since 1991 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a>, since 1999 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a>, Cameroon, since 2005 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Russia, since 2009 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, Algeria, since 2015 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, Tunisia, since 2015 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia, since 2016 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, Uganda, since 2018 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a>, Japan, since 2019 (<i>Coopération décentralisée</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film">In film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The opening scenes of the 1977 <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Duellists" title="The Duellists">The Duellists</a></i> take place in Strasbourg in 1800.</li> <li>The 2007 film <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_City_of_Sylvia" title="In the City of Sylvia">In the City of Sylvia</a></i> is set in Strasbourg.</li> <li>Early February 2011, principal photography for <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a></i> (2011) moved for two days to Strasbourg. Shooting took place on, around, and inside the Strasbourg Cathedral. The opening scene of the movie covers an assassination-bombing in the city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>One of the longest chapters of <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Opinions_of_Tristram_Shandy,_Gentleman" title="The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman">Tristram Shandy</a></i> (1759–1767), "<a href="/wiki/Hafen_Slawkenbergius" title="Hafen Slawkenbergius">Slawkenbergius</a>' tale", takes place in Strasbourg.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An episode of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lewis_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Lewis (writer)">Matthew Gregory Lewis</a>' novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monk" title="The Monk">The Monk</a></i> (1796) takes place in the forests then surrounding Strasbourg.</li> <li>A part of the story in <a href="/wiki/White_Album_2" title="White Album 2">White Album 2</a> takes place in Strasbourg.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_music">In music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> called his <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._3_(Mozart)" title="Violin Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)">Third violin concerto</a> (1775) <i>Straßburger Konzert</i> because of one of its most prominent <a href="/wiki/Motif_(music)" title="Motif (music)">motives</a>, based on a local, <a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a>-like dance that had already appeared as a tune in a symphony by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf" title="Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf">Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not related to Mozart's ulterior stay in Strasbourg (1778), where he gave three concert performances on the piano.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havergal_Brian" title="Havergal Brian">Havergal Brian</a>'s Symphony No. 7 was inspired by passages in Goethe's memoirs recalling his time spent at Strasbourg University. The work ends with an orchestral bell sounding the note E, the strike-note of the bell of Strasbourg Cathedral.</li> <li>British <a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">art-punk</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Rakes" title="The Rakes">The Rakes</a> had a minor hit in 2005 with their song "Strasbourg". This song features witty lyrics with themes of espionage and vodka and includes a count of 'eins, zwei, drei, vier!!', even though Strasbourg's <a href="/wiki/Spoken_language" title="Spoken language">spoken language</a> is French.</li> <li>On their 1974 album <i>Hamburger Concerto</i>, Dutch progressive band <a href="/wiki/Focus_(band)" title="Focus (band)">Focus</a> included a track called "La Cathédrale de Strasbourg", which included chimes from a cathedral-like bell.</li> <li>Strasbourg pie, a dish containing <a href="/wiki/Foie_gras#Cold_preparations" title="Foie gras">foie gras</a>, is mentioned in the finale of the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> musical <i><a href="/wiki/Cats_(musical)" title="Cats (musical)">Cats</a></i>.</li> <li>Several works have specifically been dedicated to Strasbourg Cathedral, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a></i> compositions (<a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">masses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motets</a> etc.) by <a href="/wiki/Kapellmeister" title="Kapellmeister">Kapellmeisters</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Richter" title="Franz Xaver Richter">Franz Xaver Richter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Pleyel" title="Ignaz Pleyel">Ignaz Pleyel</a> and, more recently, <i>It is Finished</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Tavener" title="John Tavener">John Tavener</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-only_FR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-only_FR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-only_FR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-only_FR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-only_FR_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Only the part of the urban area on French territory.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-67482">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-67482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-67701">"Unité urbaine 2020 de Strasbourg (partie française) (67701)"</a>. <i>insee.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305220938/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-67701">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insee.fr&rft.atitle=Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+de+Strasbourg+%28partie+fran%C3%A7aise%29+%2867701%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DUU2020-67701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAV-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-010">"Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Strasbourg (partie française) (010)"</a>. <i>insee.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230718015037/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-010">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insee.fr&rft.atitle=Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Strasbourg+%28partie+fran%C3%A7aise%29+%28010%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182053/https://www.lexico.com/definition/strasbourg">"Strasbourg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Strasbourg">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Strasbourg&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FStrasbourg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Strasbourg">"Strasbourg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Strasbourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FStrasbourg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bas_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas Rhin">Bas Rhin</a> <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>: <i lang="gsw">Strossburi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gsw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁi]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/54\/Gsw-unterels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Sulz_unterm_W%C3%A0ld%29-Strossburi.oga\/Gsw-unterels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Sulz_unterm_W%C3%A0ld%29-Strossburi.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gsw-unterels\u00e4ssisch (Sulz unterm W\u00e0ld)-Strossburi.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Gsw-unterels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Sulz_unterm_W%C3%A0ld%29-Strossburi.oga/Gsw-unterels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Sulz_unterm_W%C3%A0ld%29-Strossburi.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Gsw-unterels%C3%A4ssisch_(Sulz_unterm_W%C3%A0ld)-Strossburi.oga" title="File:Gsw-unterelsässisch (Sulz unterm Wàld)-Strossburi.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Haut_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut Rhin">Haut Rhin</a> <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>: <i lang="gsw">Strossburig</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gsw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁiɡ̊]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e3\/Gsw-oberels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Z%C3%ACllesa%29-Strossburig.oga\/Gsw-oberels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Z%C3%ACllesa%29-Strossburig.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gsw-oberels\u00e4ssisch (Z\u00ecllesa)-Strossburig.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Gsw-oberels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Z%C3%ACllesa%29-Strossburig.oga/Gsw-oberels%C3%A4ssisch_%28Z%C3%ACllesa%29-Strossburig.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Gsw-oberels%C3%A4ssisch_(Z%C3%ACllesa)-Strossburig.oga" title="File:Gsw-oberelsässisch (Zìllesa)-Strossburig.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_pour_la_Langue_et_la_Culture_d'Alsace" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Office pour la Langue et la Culture d'Alsace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olcalsace.org/fr/content/strasbourg">"Strasbourg"</a>. <i>oclalsace.org</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822192556/http://olcalsace.org/fr/content/strasbourg">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oclalsace.org&rft.atitle=Strasbourg&rft.au=Office+pour+la+Langue+et+la+Culture+d%27Alsace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folcalsace.org%2Ffr%2Fcontent%2Fstrasbourg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2021-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop2021_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop2021_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7728806/dep67.pdf">"Populations légales en vigueur à compter du 1er janvier 2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques</a></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112085951/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7728806/dep67.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+en+vigueur+%C3%A0+compter+du+1er+janvier+2024&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22French-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EInstitut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+French-language+text&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2F7728806%2Fdep67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611150715/http://www.ot-strasbourg.com/rubrique.php?id_rubrique=34">"Ot Strasbourg"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ot-strasbourg.com/rubrique.php?id_rubrique=34">the original</a> on 11 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ot+Strasbourg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ot-strasbourg.com%2Frubrique.php%3Fid_rubrique%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603185521/http://en.strasbourg-europe.eu/the-international-institute-of-human-rights,41321,en.html">"The international institute of Human Rights"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.strasbourg-europe.eu/the-international-institute-of-human-rights,41321,en.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+international+institute+of+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.strasbourg-europe.eu%2Fthe-international-institute-of-human-rights%2C41321%2Cen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/495">"Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711122614/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/495">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Strasbourg%2C+Grande-%C3%8Ele+and+Neustadt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/55018/">"France Vows to Kick out Islamic Troublemakers"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 27 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001002136/http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/55018">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naharnet&rft.atitle=France+Vows+to+Kick+out+Islamic+Troublemakers&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F55018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upper-rhine-ports.eu/fr/les-ports-partenaires/le-port-de-strasbourg.html">"Le Port Autonome de Strasbourg"</a>. <i>upper-rhine-ports.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923101657/http://www.upper-rhine-ports.eu/fr/les-ports-partenaires/le-port-de-strasbourg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=upper-rhine-ports.eu&rft.atitle=Le+Port+Autonome+de+Strasbourg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upper-rhine-ports.eu%2Ffr%2Fles-ports-partenaires%2Fle-port-de-strasbourg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/port-de-strasbourg-le-trafic-chute-de-26-en-2018-plus-bas-historique-20190115">"Port de Strasbourg: le trafic chute de 26% en 2018, plus bas historique"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>. 15 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+de+Strasbourg%3A+le+trafic+chute+de+26%25+en+2018%2C+plus+bas+historique&rft.pub=Le+Figaro&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-eco%2Fport-de-strasbourg-le-trafic-chute-de-26-en-2018-plus-bas-historique-20190115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Marie_Pailler2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-Marie Pailler (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01908254/file/Gallia_2006_211-241_PAILLER.pdf">"Quand l'argent était d'or. Paroles de Gaulois"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Gallia</i> (in French). <b>63</b>. <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>: 211–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fgalia.2006.3296">10.3406/galia.2006.3296</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194088001">194088001</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01908254/file/Gallia_2006_211-241_PAILLER.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallia&rft.atitle=Quand+l%27argent+%C3%A9tait+d%27or.+Paroles+de+Gaulois.&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=211-241&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fgalia.2006.3296&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194088001%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Jean-Marie+Pailler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-01908254%2Ffile%2FGallia_2006_211-241_PAILLER.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_of_Tours1849" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1OWL-l5ssoYC&q=historia%20francorum%20argentoratensem&pg=RA2-PT187"><i>Historia Francorum</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hominid%C3%A9s.com&rft.atitle=Mus%C3%A9e+Arch%C3%A9ologique+-+Strasbourg+De+la+Pr%C3%A9histoire+au+Moyen-%C3%82ge+en+Alsace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hominides.com%2Fhtml%2Flieux%2Fmusee-archeologie-strasbourg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215155/https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/du-paleolithique-au-neolithique">"Du Paléolithique au Néolithique"</a>. Musées de la ville de Strasbourg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/du-paleolithique-au-neolithique">the original</a> on 3 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Du+Pal%C3%A9olithique+au+N%C3%A9olithique&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9es+de+la+ville+de+Strasbourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musees.strasbourg.eu%2Fdu-paleolithique-au-neolithique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.strasbourg.eu/n/les-temps-de-l-histoire-de-strasbourg/n:106">"Les temps de l'histoire de Strasbourg"</a>. Archives de la ville et de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612000548/https://archives.strasbourg.eu/n/les-temps-de-l-histoire-de-strasbourg/n:106">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+temps+de+l%27histoire+de+Strasbourg&rft.pub=Archives+de+la+ville+et+de+l%27Eurom%C3%A9tropole+de+Strasbourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.strasbourg.eu%2Fn%2Fles-temps-de-l-histoire-de-strasbourg%2Fn%3A106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frdistance.com/route/paris/strasbourg">"Distance entre Paris et Strasbourg en voiture"</a>. <i>frdistance.com</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193503/https://frdistance.com/route/paris/strasbourg">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frdistance.com&rft.atitle=Distance+entre+Paris+et+Strasbourg+en+voiture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrdistance.com%2Froute%2Fparis%2Fstrasbourg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624202042/http://www.strasbourg.climatemps.com/">"Strasbourg Climate Strasbourg Temperatures Strasbourg Weather Averages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strasbourg.climatemps.com/">the original</a> on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strasbourg+Climate+Strasbourg+Temperatures+Strasbourg+Weather+Averages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strasbourg.climatemps.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/350/">"Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Strasbourg"</a>. <i>Climate-Data</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate-Data&rft.atitle=Temperature%2C+Climate+graph%2C+Climate+table+for+Strasbourg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F350%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assistancescolaire.com/enseignant/elementaire/ressources/base-documentaire-en-geographie/les-climats-en-france-france_climates">"Les climats en France - Ressources pour les enseignants - Ressources élémentaire"</a>. <i>www.assistancescolaire.com</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.assistancescolaire.com&rft.atitle=Les+climats+en+France+-+Ressources+pour+les+enseignants+-+Ressources+%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assistancescolaire.com%2Fenseignant%2Felementaire%2Fressources%2Fbase-documentaire-en-geographie%2Fles-climats-en-france-france_climates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703081246/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/73942103-canicule-de-juin-2019-retour-sur-un-episode-exceptionnel">"Canicule de juin 2019 : retour sur un épisode exceptionnel"</a>. <i>www.meteofrance.fr</i>. Meteo-France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/73942103-canicule-de-juin-2019-retour-sur-un-episode-exceptionnel">the original</a> on 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteofrance.fr&rft.atitle=Canicule+de+juin+2019+%3A+retour+sur+un+%C3%A9pisode+exceptionnel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.fr%2Factualites%2F73942103-canicule-de-juin-2019-retour-sur-un-episode-exceptionnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dna.fr/actualite/2010/12/25/record-de-froid-18-degres-a-strasbourg-cette-nuit">"Record de froid: -18 degrés à Strasbourg cette nuit"</a>. <i>Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace</i>. 25 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Derni%C3%A8res+Nouvelles+d%27Alsace&rft.atitle=Record+de+froid%3A+-18+degr%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+Strasbourg+cette+nuit&rft.date=2010-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.fr%2Factualite%2F2010%2F12%2F25%2Frecord-de-froid-18-degres-a-strasbourg-cette-nuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216084708/http://www.atmo-alsace.net/">"Daily measurements for Strasbourg and Alsace"</a>. Atmo-alsace.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmo-alsace.net/">the original</a> on 16 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daily+measurements+for+Strasbourg+and+Alsace&rft.pub=Atmo-alsace.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmo-alsace.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruedemetzeral.cigogne.org/index.php/2005/10/20/3761-pollution-a-strasbourg">Measurements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009161440/http://ruedemetzeral.cigogne.org/index.php/2005/10/20/3761-pollution-a-strasbourg">Archived</a> 9 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> made on 18 and 19 October 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211090805/http://www.epe.be/workbooks/tcui/example3.html">"Outlines of the urban transportation policy led by the urban community of Strasbourg"</a>. Epe.be. 29 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epe.be/workbooks/tcui/example3.html">the original</a> on 11 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+the+urban+transportation+policy+led+by+the+urban+community+of+Strasbourg&rft.pub=Epe.be&rft.date=2010-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epe.be%2Fworkbooks%2Ftcui%2Fexample3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309232908/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_67124001.pdf">"STRASBOURG–ENTZHEIM (67)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_67124001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=STRASBOURG%E2%80%93ENTZHEIM+%2867%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_67124001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315040604/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07190-strasbourg-entzheim.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Strasbourg-Entzheim (67) – altitude 150m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07190-strasbourg-entzheim.html">the original</a> on 15 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Strasbourg-Entzheim+%2867%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+150m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07190-strasbourg-entzheim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strasbourg.eu/quartiers">"Quartiers"</a>. <i>www.strasbourg.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.strasbourg.eu&rft.atitle=Quartiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strasbourg.eu%2Fquartiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085032">Eglise Saint-Thomas</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itineraires-silbermann.org/strasbourg-saint-thomas/">"Strasbourg - Eglise protestante Saint-Thomas"</a>. itineraires-silbermann.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strasbourg+-+Eglise+protestante+Saint-Thomas&rft.pub=itineraires-silbermann.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itineraires-silbermann.org%2Fstrasbourg-saint-thomas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Strassburg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Strassburg">"Strassburg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Strassburg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=984&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105134906/http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-3_rue_des_Pontonniers_Centre_ville_Strasbourg-702.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=702&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">"Pictures"</a>. Archi-strasbourg.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-3_rue_des_Pontonniers_Centre_ville_Strasbourg-702.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=702&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">the original</a> on 5 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures&rft.pub=Archi-strasbourg.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archi-strasbourg.org%2Fadresse-3_rue_des_Pontonniers_Centre_ville_Strasbourg-702.html%3Fcheck%3D1%26archiIdAdresse%3D702%26archiAffichage%3DadresseDetail%26debut%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510234327/http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_rue_de_Acad%C3%A9mie_Krutenau_Strasbourg-508.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=508&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">"Views"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_rue_de_Acad%C3%A9mie_Krutenau_Strasbourg-508.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=508&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">the original</a> on 10 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Views&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archi-strasbourg.org%2Fadresse-1_rue_de_Acad%25C3%25A9mie_Krutenau_Strasbourg-508.html%3Fcheck%3D1%26archiIdAdresse%3D508%26archiAffichage%3DadresseDetail%26debut%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105145149/http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_3e_Regiment_Tir_Algeriens_Place_Esplanade_Strasbourg-904.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=904&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">"Parc de la Citadelle with remains of the Vauban fortress"</a>. Archi-strasbourg.org. 26 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_3e_Regiment_Tir_Algeriens_Place_Esplanade_Strasbourg-904.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=904&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut=">the original</a> on 5 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Effectifs+%C3%A9tudiants&rft.pub=University+of+Strasbourg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unistra.fr%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D27945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlipfel" class="citation web cs1">Klipfel, Monique. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/histoire/strasbourg_1400/ville_opulente.php?parent=19#section2">"L'importance démographique de la ville"</a>. Académie de Strasbourg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528073030/http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/histoire/strasbourg_1400/ville_opulente.php?parent=19#section2">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27importance+d%C3%A9mographique+de+la+ville&rft.pub=Acad%C3%A9mie+de+Strasbourg&rft.aulast=Klipfel&rft.aufirst=Monique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crdp-strasbourg.fr%2Fdata%2Fhistoire%2Fstrasbourg_1400%2Fville_opulente.php%3Fparent%3D19%23section2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36842">Commune data sheet Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-67482#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924104803/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-67482#ancre-POP_T1">Archived</a> 24 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThuria" class="citation web cs1">Thuria, Agence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noel.strasbourg.eu/en/tradition-noel-alsace">"The Christmas Markets: a success story dating back to 1570"</a>. <i>noel.strasbourg.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708214807/https://noel.strasbourg.eu/en/tradition-noel-alsace">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=noel.strasbourg.eu&rft.atitle=The+Christmas+Markets%3A+a+success+story+dating+back+to+1570&rft.aulast=Thuria&rft.aufirst=Agence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoel.strasbourg.eu%2Fen%2Ftradition-noel-alsace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012164855/http://www.universites-formations-alsace.fr/index.php?langue=1">"L'enseignement universitaire en Alsace"</a>. 12 October 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universites-formations-alsace.fr/index.php?langue=1">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27enseignement+universitaire+en+Alsace&rft.date=2007-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universites-formations-alsace.fr%2Findex.php%3Flangue%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethique.unistra.fr/en/welcome-to-ceere/?no_cache=1/">"CEERE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221015820/http://ethique.unistra.fr/en/welcome-to-ceere/?no_cache=1/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEERE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethique.unistra.fr%2Fen%2Fwelcome-to-ceere%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strasschools-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strasschools_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strasschools_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strasschools_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eramore-alsace.u-strasbg.fr/fichiers/GB_enseigninter.pdf">International schooling in Strasbourg</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328222053/http://eramore-alsace.u-strasbg.fr/fichiers/GB_enseigninter.pdf">Archive</a>). City of Strasbourg. Retrieved on 28 March 2016. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusecole-strasbourg.narod.ru/kontakt.html">Контакты</a>." Russian Mission School in Strasbourg. Retrieved on March 28, 2016. "6, alle'e de la Robertsau, 67000, Strasbourg"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204042757/http://www.bnu.fr/BNU/FR/A%20propos/">"Figures"</a>. Bnu.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnu.fr/BNU/FR/A+propos/">the original</a> on 4 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Figures&rft.pub=Bnu.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnu.fr%2FBNU%2FFR%2FA%2Bpropos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler,_Pierce_1945._Page_15-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Butler,_Pierce_1945._Page_15_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, Pierce. 1945. <i>Books and libraries in wartime</i>. Chicago, IL: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313063450/http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=114962">Strasbourg ouvre une grande médiathèque sur le port</a> in <a href="/wiki/L%27Express_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Express (France)">L'Express</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNU-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNU_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNU_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnu.fr/fr/services/nos-collections/les-incunables">"Les incunables"</a> (in French). Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg. 10 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528073044/https://www.bnu.fr/fr/services/nos-collections/les-incunables">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+incunables&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale+et+universitaire+de+Strasbourg&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnu.fr%2Ffr%2Fservices%2Fnos-collections%2Fles-incunables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediatheques.strasbourg.eu/medias/medias.aspx?INSTANCE=exploitation&PORTAL_ID=erm_portal_003.xml&SYNCMENU=003">"Présentation des Fonds patrimoniaux"</a> (in French). Portail des médiathèques de la ville et de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211732/https://www.mediatheques.strasbourg.eu/medias/medias.aspx?INSTANCE=exploitation&PORTAL_ID=erm_portal_003.xml&SYNCMENU=003">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9sentation+des+Fonds+patrimoniaux&rft.pub=Portail+des+m%C3%A9diath%C3%A8ques+de+la+ville+et+de+l%27Eurom%C3%A9tropole+de+Strasbourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediatheques.strasbourg.eu%2Fmedias%2Fmedias.aspx%3FINSTANCE%3Dexploitation%26PORTAL_ID%3Derm_portal_003.xml%26SYNCMENU%3D003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gdsemstrasbourg.blogspot.de/2011/01/la-bibliotheque-xviiieme-siecle-du.html">"La bibliothèque ancienne du Grand Séminaire"</a> (in French). Séminaire Sainte Marie Majeure - Diocèse de Strasbourg. 27 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213014324/http://gdsemstrasbourg.blogspot.de/2011/01/la-bibliotheque-xviiieme-siecle-du.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+biblioth%C3%A8que+ancienne+du+Grand+S%C3%A9minaire&rft.pub=S%C3%A9minaire+Sainte+Marie+Majeure+-+Dioc%C3%A8se+de+Strasbourg&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgdsemstrasbourg.blogspot.de%2F2011%2F01%2Fla-bibliotheque-xviiieme-siecle-du.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chapitre-saint-thomas.org/mediatheque-protestante-strasbourg.html">"La Médiathèque Protestante"</a>. Chapitre de Saint-Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027050121/https://www.chapitre-saint-thomas.org/mediatheque-protestante-strasbourg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que+Protestante&rft.pub=Chapitre+de+Saint-Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chapitre-saint-thomas.org%2Fmediatheque-protestante-strasbourg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909101932/http://www.bacm.creditmutuel.fr/FONDS_ANCIEN.html">"Général"</a>. Bacm.creditmutuel.fr. 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Aéroport Strasbourg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918101006/http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Flights/Destination-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destination+map&rft.pub=A%C3%A9roport+Strasbourg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstrasbourg.aeroport.fr%2FEN%2FPassengers%2FFlights%2FDestination-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Access/Shuttle-train.html">"Shuttle train"</a>. Aéroport Strasbourg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918100759/http://strasbourg.aeroport.fr/EN/Passengers/Access/Shuttle-train.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramat-gan.muni.il/RamatGan/sister-cities/home-page.htm">the original</a> on 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramat+Gan+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramat-gan.muni.il%2FRamatGan%2Fsister-cities%2Fhome-page.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strasbourg.eu/jumelages">"Jumelages"</a>. <i>strasbourg.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803135328/https://www.strasbourg.eu/jumelages">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=strasbourg.eu&rft.atitle=Jumelages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strasbourg.eu%2Fjumelages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719172012/http://www.tristramshandyweb.it/testo/vol4/tale4.html">"Full text"</a>. Tristramshandyweb.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tristramshandyweb.it/testo/vol4/tale4.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+text&rft.pub=Tristramshandyweb.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tristramshandyweb.it%2Ftesto%2Fvol4%2Ftale4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLempfrid" class="citation web cs1">Lempfrid, Wolfgang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koelnklavier.de/texte/komponisten/moz-kv218.html">"Wolfgng Amadeus Mozart: Konzert für Violine und Orchester in D-Dur, KV 218"</a>. koelnklavier.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolfgng+Amadeus+Mozart%3A+Konzert+f%C3%BCr+Violine+und+Orchester+in+D-Dur%2C+KV+218&rft.pub=koelnklavier.de&rft.aulast=Lempfrid&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koelnklavier.de%2Ftexte%2Fkomponisten%2Fmoz-kv218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrasbourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>Connaître Strasbourg</i> by Roland Recht, Georges Foessel and Jean-Pierre Klein, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7032-0185-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-7032-0185-0">2-7032-0185-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Histoire de Strasbourg des origines à nos jours</i>, four volumes (ca. 2000 pages) by a collective of historians under the guidance of Georges Livet and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rapp" title="Francis Rapp">Francis Rapp</a>, 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7165-0041-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-7165-0041-X">2-7165-0041-X</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Strasbourg#Q6602" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.en.strasbourg.eu/en/home-en/">Strasbourg municipality website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitstrasbourg.fr/en/welcome-in-strasbourg/">Tourist office of Strasbourg</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Strasbourg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Strasbourg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Strasbourg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a> (Germany)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> (Germany)</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Strasbourg</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> (Germany)</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> (Germany)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a> (Germany)</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace and Park of Versailles</a></li> <li>Fontainebleau <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau#Fontainebleau_forest" title="Fontainebleau">Park</a></li> <li>Paris: Banks of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France"><img alt="Flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Parisian basin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges_Cathedral" title="Bourges Cathedral">Bourges Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_hillsides,_houses_and_cellars" title="Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars">Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climats,_terroirs_of_Burgundy" title="Climats, terroirs of Burgundy"><i>Climats</i> and <i>terroirs</i> of Burgundy</a></li> <li>Reims: <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Cathedral of Notre-Dame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Remi" title="Musée Saint-Remi">Former Abbey of Saint-Rémi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Tau" title="Palace of Tau">Palace of Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" title="Abbey of Fontenay">Abbey of Fontenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel" title="Mont-Saint-Michel">Mont-Saint-Michel</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel_Bay" title="Mont-Saint-Michel Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay_Abbey" title="Vézelay Abbey">Vézelay Church and hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas_de_Calais_Mining_Basin" title="Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin">Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Great Saltworks of <a href="/wiki/Salins-les-Bains" title="Salins-les-Bains">Salins-les-Bains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saltworks_at_Arc-et-Senans" title="Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans">Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a>, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Île (Strasbourg)">Grande Île</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neustadt,_Strasbourg" title="Neustadt, Strasbourg">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Church_of_Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe" title="Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe">Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">South West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Episcopal city, Albi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Port of the Moon, Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_%E2%80%93_Mont_Perdu_World_Heritage_Site" title="Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site">Pyrénées – Mont Perdu</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89milion" title="Saint-Émilion">Saint-Émilion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Centre East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_des_Puys" title="Chaîne des Puys">Chaîne des Puys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arles,_Roman_and_Romanesque_Monuments" title="Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments">Roman and Romanesque monuments, Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Carcassonne" title="Cité de Carcassonne">Carcassonne citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Porto" title="Gulf of Porto">Gulf of Porto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calanques_de_Piana" title="Calanques de Piana">Calanches de Piana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica#Ecology" title="Corsica">Gulf of Girolata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandola_Nature_Reserve" title="Scandola Nature Reserve">Scandola Reserve</a></li> <li>Avignon: <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Papes" title="Palais des Papes">Papal Palace</a>, Episcopal Ensemble, <a href="/wiki/Pont_Saint-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zet" title="Pont Saint-Bénézet">Avignon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Vaucluse" title="Orange, Vaucluse">Orange</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_of_Orange" title="Roman Theatre of Orange">Roman Theatre and environs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Arch_of_Orange" title="Triumphal Arch of Orange">Triumphal Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Vauban" title="Fortifications of Vauban">Fortifications of Vauban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_and_memory_sites_of_the_First_World_War_(Western_Front)" title="Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)">Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> between <a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments and territories of France">Overseas departments<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Austral_Lands_and_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="French Austral Lands and Seas">French Austral Lands and Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia_Barrier_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="New Caledonia Barrier Reef">Lagoons of New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Pitons, cirques and remparts of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taputapuatea" title="Taputapuatea">Taputapuātea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Shared locally with other <a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">region/s</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bas-Rhin&#124;link=Bas-Rhin_Communes_of_the_Bas-Rhin_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bas-Rhin_communes" title="Template:Bas-Rhin communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bas-Rhin_communes" title="Template talk:Bas-Rhin communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bas-Rhin_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bas-Rhin communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bas-Rhin&#124;link=Bas-Rhin_Communes_of_the_Bas-Rhin_department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin"><img alt="Bas-Rhin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg/23px-Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg/35px-Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg/45px-Flag_of_Basse-Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Bas-Rhin_department" title="Communes of the Bas-Rhin department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achenheim" title="Achenheim">Achenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamswiller" title="Adamswiller">Adamswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A9" title="Albé">Albé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alteckendorf" title="Alteckendorf">Alteckendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altenheim" title="Altenheim">Altenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altorf" title="Altorf">Altorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altwiller" title="Altwiller">Altwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andlau" title="Andlau">Andlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artolsheim" title="Artolsheim">Artolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschbach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Aschbach, Bas-Rhin">Aschbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asswiller" title="Asswiller">Asswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avolsheim" title="Avolsheim">Avolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baerendorf" title="Baerendorf">Baerendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbronn" title="Balbronn">Balbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldenheim" title="Baldenheim">Baldenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barembach" title="Barembach">Barembach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr,_Bas-Rhin" title="Barr, Bas-Rhin">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassemberg" title="Bassemberg">Bassemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batzendorf" title="Batzendorf">Batzendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beinheim" title="Beinheim">Beinheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellefosse" title="Bellefosse">Bellefosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Bas-Rhin" title="Belmont, Bas-Rhin">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benfeld" title="Benfeld">Benfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berg,_Bas-Rhin" title="Berg, Bas-Rhin">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergbieten" title="Bergbieten">Bergbieten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardswiller" title="Bernardswiller">Bernardswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardvill%C3%A9" title="Bernardvillé">Bernardvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernolsheim" title="Bernolsheim">Bernolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berstett" title="Berstett">Berstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berstheim" title="Berstheim">Berstheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betschdorf" title="Betschdorf">Betschdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettwiller" title="Bettwiller">Bettwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblisheim" title="Biblisheim">Biblisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bietlenheim" title="Bietlenheim">Bietlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilwisheim" title="Bilwisheim">Bilwisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindernheim" title="Bindernheim">Bindernheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bischheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Bischheim, Bas-Rhin">Bischheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bischholtz" title="Bischholtz">Bischholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bischoffsheim" title="Bischoffsheim">Bischoffsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bischwiller" title="Bischwiller">Bischwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissert" title="Bissert">Bissert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitschhoffen" title="Bitschhoffen">Bitschhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaesheim" title="Blaesheim">Blaesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blancherupt" title="Blancherupt">Blancherupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blienschwiller" title="Blienschwiller">Blienschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%93rsch" title="Bœrsch">Bœrsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%93senbiesen" title="Bœsenbiesen">Bœsenbiesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsenheim" title="Bolsenheim">Bolsenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boofzheim" title="Boofzheim">Boofzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootzheim" title="Bootzheim">Bootzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosselshausen" title="Bosselshausen">Bosselshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossendorf" title="Bossendorf">Bossendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-Bruche" title="Bourg-Bruche">Bourg-Bruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgheim" title="Bourgheim">Bourgheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouxwiller,_Bas-Rhin" title="Bouxwiller, Bas-Rhin">Bouxwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitenau,_Bas-Rhin" title="Breitenau, Bas-Rhin">Breitenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitenbach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Breitenbach, Bas-Rhin">Breitenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuschwickersheim" title="Breuschwickersheim">Breuschwickersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Broque" title="La Broque">La Broque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumath" title="Brumath">Brumath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl,_Bas-Rhin" title="Buhl, Bas-Rhin">Buhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burbach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Burbach, Bas-Rhin">Burbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust,_Bas-Rhin" title="Bust, Bas-Rhin">Bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buswiller" title="Buswiller">Buswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butten" title="Butten">Butten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tenois,_Bas-Rhin" title="Châtenois, Bas-Rhin">Châtenois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleebourg" title="Cleebourg">Cleebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbach" title="Climbach">Climbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colroy-la-Roche" title="Colroy-la-Roche">Colroy-la-Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosswiller" title="Cosswiller">Cosswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crastatt" title="Crastatt">Crastatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C5%93ttwiller" title="Crœttwiller">Crœttwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachstein,_Bas-Rhin" title="Dachstein, Bas-Rhin">Dachstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahlenheim" title="Dahlenheim">Dahlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalhunden" title="Dalhunden">Dalhunden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Dambach, Bas-Rhin">Dambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambach-la-Ville" title="Dambach-la-Ville">Dambach-la-Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangolsheim" title="Dangolsheim">Dangolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daubensand" title="Daubensand">Daubensand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauendorf" title="Dauendorf">Dauendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehlingen" title="Dehlingen">Dehlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dettwiller" title="Dettwiller">Dettwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diebolsheim" title="Diebolsheim">Diebolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diedendorf" title="Diedendorf">Diedendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieffenbach-au-Val" title="Dieffenbach-au-Val">Dieffenbach-au-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieffenbach-l%C3%A8s-W%C5%93rth" title="Dieffenbach-lès-Wœrth">Dieffenbach-lès-Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieffenthal" title="Dieffenthal">Dieffenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diemeringen" title="Diemeringen">Diemeringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimbsthal" title="Dimbsthal">Dimbsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingsheim" title="Dingsheim">Dingsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinsheim-sur-Bruche" title="Dinsheim-sur-Bruche">Dinsheim-sur-Bruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domfessel" title="Domfessel">Domfessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnenheim" title="Donnenheim">Donnenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorlisheim" title="Dorlisheim">Dorlisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dossenheim-Kochersberg" title="Dossenheim-Kochersberg">Dossenheim-Kochersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dossenheim-sur-Zinsel" title="Dossenheim-sur-Zinsel">Dossenheim-sur-Zinsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drachenbronn-Birlenbach" title="Drachenbronn-Birlenbach">Drachenbronn-Birlenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drulingen" title="Drulingen">Drulingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drusenheim" title="Drusenheim">Drusenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duntzenheim" title="Duntzenheim">Duntzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duppigheim" title="Duppigheim">Duppigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durningen" title="Durningen">Durningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrenbach" title="Durrenbach">Durrenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durstel" title="Durstel">Durstel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duttlenheim" title="Duttlenheim">Duttlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberbach-Seltz" title="Eberbach-Seltz">Eberbach-Seltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebersheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Ebersheim, Bas-Rhin">Ebersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebersmunster" title="Ebersmunster">Ebersmunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckartswiller" title="Eckartswiller">Eckartswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckbolsheim" title="Eckbolsheim">Eckbolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckwersheim" title="Eckwersheim">Eckwersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichhoffen" title="Eichhoffen">Eichhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsenheim" title="Elsenheim">Elsenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engwiller" title="Engwiller">Engwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entzheim" title="Entzheim">Entzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epfig" title="Epfig">Epfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erckartswiller" title="Erckartswiller">Erckartswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergersheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Ergersheim, Bas-Rhin">Ergersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernolsheim-Bruche" title="Ernolsheim-Bruche">Ernolsheim-Bruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernolsheim-l%C3%A8s-Saverne" title="Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne">Ernolsheim-lès-Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erstein" title="Erstein">Erstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschau,_Bas-Rhin" title="Eschau, Bas-Rhin">Eschau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschbach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Eschbach, Bas-Rhin">Eschbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschbourg" title="Eschbourg">Eschbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschwiller" title="Eschwiller">Eschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettendorf" title="Ettendorf">Ettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eywiller" title="Eywiller">Eywiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fegersheim" title="Fegersheim">Fegersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fessenheim-le-Bas" title="Fessenheim-le-Bas">Fessenheim-le-Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexbourg" title="Flexbourg">Flexbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forstfeld" title="Forstfeld">Forstfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forstheim" title="Forstheim">Forstheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-Louis" title="Fort-Louis">Fort-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouchy" title="Fouchy">Fouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouday" title="Fouday">Fouday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedolsheim" title="Friedolsheim">Friedolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friesenheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Friesenheim, Bas-Rhin">Friesenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C5%93schwiller" title="Frœschwiller">Frœschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frohmuhl" title="Frohmuhl">Frohmuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furchhausen" title="Furchhausen">Furchhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furdenheim" title="Furdenheim">Furdenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambsheim" title="Gambsheim">Gambsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geispolsheim" title="Geispolsheim">Geispolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiswiller-Z%C5%93bersdorf" title="Geiswiller-Zœbersdorf">Geiswiller-Zœbersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerstheim" title="Gerstheim">Gerstheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertwiller" title="Gertwiller">Gertwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geudertheim" title="Geudertheim">Geudertheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%93rlingen" title="Gœrlingen">Gœrlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%93rsdorf" title="Gœrsdorf">Gœrsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottenhouse" title="Gottenhouse">Gottenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottesheim" title="Gottesheim">Gottesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gougenheim" title="Gougenheim">Gougenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goxwiller" title="Goxwiller">Goxwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandfontaine,_Bas-Rhin" title="Grandfontaine, Bas-Rhin">Grandfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassendorf" title="Grassendorf">Grassendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grendelbruch" title="Grendelbruch">Grendelbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresswiller" title="Gresswiller">Gresswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gries,_Bas-Rhin" title="Gries, Bas-Rhin">Gries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griesheim-pr%C3%A8s-Molsheim" title="Griesheim-près-Molsheim">Griesheim-près-Molsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griesheim-sur-Souffel" title="Griesheim-sur-Souffel">Griesheim-sur-Souffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbrechtshoffen" title="Gumbrechtshoffen">Gumbrechtshoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundershoffen" title="Gundershoffen">Gundershoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gungwiller" title="Gungwiller">Gungwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunstett" title="Gunstett">Gunstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haegen" title="Haegen">Haegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handschuheim" title="Handschuheim">Handschuheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangenbieten" title="Hangenbieten">Hangenbieten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harskirchen" title="Harskirchen">Harskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatten,_Bas-Rhin" title="Hatten, Bas-Rhin">Hatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattmatt" title="Hattmatt">Hattmatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegeney" title="Hegeney">Hegeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidolsheim" title="Heidolsheim">Heidolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg,_Bas-Rhin" title="Heiligenberg, Bas-Rhin">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenstein" title="Heiligenstein">Heiligenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengwiller" title="Hengwiller">Hengwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbitzheim" title="Herbitzheim">Herbitzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbsheim" title="Herbsheim">Herbsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrlisheim" title="Herrlisheim">Herrlisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessenheim" title="Hessenheim">Hessenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilsenheim" title="Hilsenheim">Hilsenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindisheim" title="Hindisheim">Hindisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinsbourg" title="Hinsbourg">Hinsbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinsingen" title="Hinsingen">Hinsingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipsheim" title="Hipsheim">Hipsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschland" title="Hirschland">Hirschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochfelden,_Bas-Rhin" title="Hochfelden, Bas-Rhin">Hochfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochstett" title="Hochstett">Hochstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nheim" title="Hœnheim">Hœnheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93rdt" title="Hœrdt">Hœrdt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffen" title="Hoffen">Hoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoheng%C5%93ft" title="Hohengœft">Hohengœft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohfrankenheim" title="Hohfrankenheim">Hohfrankenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Hohwald" title="Le Hohwald">Le Hohwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holtzheim" title="Holtzheim">Holtzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunspach" title="Hunspach">Hunspach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtigheim" title="Hurtigheim">Hurtigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huttendorf" title="Huttendorf">Huttendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huttenheim" title="Huttenheim">Huttenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichtratzheim" title="Ichtratzheim">Ichtratzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illkirch-Graffenstaden" title="Illkirch-Graffenstaden">Illkirch-Graffenstaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenheim" title="Ingenheim">Ingenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolsheim" title="Ingolsheim">Ingolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingwiller" title="Ingwiller">Ingwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innenheim" title="Innenheim">Innenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issenhausen" title="Issenhausen">Issenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ittenheim" title="Ittenheim">Ittenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itterswiller" title="Itterswiller">Itterswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetterswiller" title="Jetterswiller">Jetterswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaltenhouse" title="Kaltenhouse">Kaltenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauffenheim" title="Kauffenheim">Kauffenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffenach" title="Keffenach">Keffenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kertzfeld" title="Kertzfeld">Kertzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keskastel" title="Keskastel">Keskastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesseldorf" title="Kesseldorf">Kesseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kienheim" title="Kienheim">Kienheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilstett" title="Kilstett">Kilstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindwiller" title="Kindwiller">Kindwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintzheim" title="Kintzheim">Kintzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Kirchheim, Bas-Rhin">Kirchheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirrberg,_Bas-Rhin" title="Kirrberg, Bas-Rhin">Kirrberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirrwiller" title="Kirrwiller">Kirrwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleing%C5%93ft" title="Kleingœft">Kleingœft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kn%C5%93rsheim" title="Knœrsheim">Knœrsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogenheim" title="Kogenheim">Kogenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolbsheim" title="Kolbsheim">Kolbsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautergersheim" title="Krautergersheim">Krautergersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautwiller" title="Krautwiller">Krautwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriegsheim" title="Kriegsheim">Kriegsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtzenhouse" title="Kurtzenhouse">Kurtzenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttolsheim" title="Kuttolsheim">Kuttolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutzenhausen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Kutzenhausen, Bas-Rhin">Kutzenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalaye" title="Lalaye">Lalaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampertheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Lampertheim, Bas-Rhin">Lampertheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampertsloch" title="Lampertsloch">Lampertsloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landersheim" title="Landersheim">Landersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langensoultzbach" title="Langensoultzbach">Langensoultzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laubach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Laubach, Bas-Rhin">Laubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauterbourg" title="Lauterbourg">Lauterbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembach" title="Lembach">Lembach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutenheim" title="Leutenheim">Leutenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenberg,_Bas-Rhin" title="Lichtenberg, Bas-Rhin">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limersheim" title="Limersheim">Limersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingolsheim" title="Lingolsheim">Lingolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipsheim" title="Lipsheim">Lipsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littenheim" title="Littenheim">Littenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixhausen" title="Lixhausen">Lixhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobsann" title="Lobsann">Lobsann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochwiller" title="Lochwiller">Lochwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohr,_Bas-Rhin" title="Lohr, Bas-Rhin">Lohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorentzen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Lorentzen, Bas-Rhin">Lorentzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupstein" title="Lupstein">Lupstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutzelhouse" title="Lutzelhouse">Lutzelhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenheim" title="Mackenheim">Mackenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackwiller" title="Mackwiller">Mackwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maennolsheim" title="Maennolsheim">Maennolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisonsgoutte" title="Maisonsgoutte">Maisonsgoutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marckolsheim" title="Marckolsheim">Marckolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlenheim" title="Marlenheim">Marlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmoutier" title="Marmoutier">Marmoutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzenheim" title="Matzenheim">Matzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meistratzheim" title="Meistratzheim">Meistratzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melsheim" title="Melsheim">Melsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmelshoffen" title="Memmelshoffen">Memmelshoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menchhoffen" title="Menchhoffen">Menchhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkwiller-Pechelbronn" title="Merkwiller-Pechelbronn">Merkwiller-Pechelbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertzwiller" title="Mertzwiller">Mertzwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mietesheim" title="Mietesheim">Mietesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minversheim" title="Minversheim">Minversheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelbergheim" title="Mittelbergheim">Mittelbergheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelhausbergen" title="Mittelhausbergen">Mittelhausbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelschaeffolsheim" title="Mittelschaeffolsheim">Mittelschaeffolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollkirch" title="Mollkirch">Mollkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molsheim" title="Molsheim">Molsheim</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mommenheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Mommenheim, Bas-Rhin">Mommenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monswiller" title="Monswiller">Monswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsbronn-les-Bains" title="Morsbronn-les-Bains">Morsbronn-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morschwiller" title="Morschwiller">Morschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothern,_Bas-Rhin" title="Mothern, Bas-Rhin">Mothern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhlbach-sur-Bruche" title="Muhlbach-sur-Bruche">Muhlbach-sur-Bruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhausen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Mulhausen, Bas-Rhin">Mulhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchhausen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Munchhausen, Bas-Rhin">Munchhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundolsheim" title="Mundolsheim">Mundolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussig" title="Mussig">Mussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttersholtz" title="Muttersholtz">Muttersholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutzenhouse" title="Mutzenhouse">Mutzenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutzig" title="Mutzig">Mutzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natzwiller" title="Natzwiller">Natzwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neewiller-pr%C3%A8s-Lauterbourg" title="Neewiller-près-Lauterbourg">Neewiller-près-Lauterbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neubois" title="Neubois">Neubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neugartheim-Ittlenheim" title="Neugartheim-Ittlenheim">Neugartheim-Ittlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuhaeusel" title="Neuhaeusel">Neuhaeusel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuve-%C3%89glise" title="Neuve-Église">Neuve-Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuviller-la-Roche" title="Neuviller-la-Roche">Neuviller-la-Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuwiller-l%C3%A8s-Saverne" title="Neuwiller-lès-Saverne">Neuwiller-lès-Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederbronn-les-Bains" title="Niederbronn-les-Bains">Niederbronn-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederhaslach" title="Niederhaslach">Niederhaslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederhausbergen" title="Niederhausbergen">Niederhausbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederlauterbach" title="Niederlauterbach">Niederlauterbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedermodern" title="Niedermodern">Niedermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedernai" title="Niedernai">Niedernai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederr%C5%93dern" title="Niederrœdern">Niederrœdern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederschaeffolsheim" title="Niederschaeffolsheim">Niederschaeffolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedersoultzbach" title="Niedersoultzbach">Niedersoultzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedersteinbach" title="Niedersteinbach">Niedersteinbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordheim,_Bas-Rhin" title="Nordheim, Bas-Rhin">Nordheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhouse" title="Nordhouse">Nordhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothalten" title="Nothalten">Nothalten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obenheim" title="Obenheim">Obenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbronn" title="Oberbronn">Oberbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdorf-Spachbach" title="Oberdorf-Spachbach">Oberdorf-Spachbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhaslach" title="Oberhaslach">Oberhaslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausbergen" title="Oberhausbergen">Oberhausbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhoffen-l%C3%A8s-Wissembourg" title="Oberhoffen-lès-Wissembourg">Oberhoffen-lès-Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhoffen-sur-Moder" title="Oberhoffen-sur-Moder">Oberhoffen-sur-Moder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlauterbach" title="Oberlauterbach">Oberlauterbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obermodern-Zutzendorf" title="Obermodern-Zutzendorf">Obermodern-Zutzendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberr%C5%93dern" title="Oberrœdern">Oberrœdern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberschaeffolsheim" title="Oberschaeffolsheim">Oberschaeffolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obersoultzbach" title="Obersoultzbach">Obersoultzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obersteinbach" title="Obersteinbach">Obersteinbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odratzheim" title="Odratzheim">Odratzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oermingen" title="Oermingen">Oermingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offendorf" title="Offendorf">Offendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offwiller" title="Offwiller">Offwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlungen" title="Ohlungen">Ohlungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohnenheim" title="Ohnenheim">Ohnenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwisheim" title="Olwisheim">Olwisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orschwiller" title="Orschwiller">Orschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osthoffen" title="Osthoffen">Osthoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osthouse" title="Osthouse">Osthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostwald,_Bas-Rhin" title="Ostwald, Bas-Rhin">Ostwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottersthal" title="Ottersthal">Ottersthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otterswiller" title="Otterswiller">Otterswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottrott" title="Ottrott">Ottrott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottwiller" title="Ottwiller">Ottwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersbach" title="Petersbach">Petersbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Petite-Pierre" title="La Petite-Pierre">La Petite-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalzweyer" title="Pfalzweyer">Pfalzweyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfulgriesheim" title="Pfulgriesheim">Pfulgriesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaine,_Bas-Rhin" title="Plaine, Bas-Rhin">Plaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plobsheim" title="Plobsheim">Plobsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preuschdorf" title="Preuschdorf">Preuschdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printzheim" title="Printzheim">Printzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberg" title="Puberg">Puberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatzenheim" title="Quatzenheim">Quatzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangen" title="Rangen">Rangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranrupt" title="Ranrupt">Ranrupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratzwiller" title="Ratzwiller">Ratzwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauwiller" title="Rauwiller">Rauwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsfeld" title="Reichsfeld">Reichsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichshoffen" title="Reichshoffen">Reichshoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstett" title="Reichstett">Reichstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhardsmunster" title="Reinhardsmunster">Reinhardsmunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reipertswiller" title="Reipertswiller">Reipertswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retschwiller" title="Retschwiller">Retschwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutenbourg" title="Reutenbourg">Reutenbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexingen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Rexingen, Bas-Rhin">Rexingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinau" title="Rhinau">Rhinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richtolsheim" title="Richtolsheim">Richtolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riedseltz" title="Riedseltz">Riedseltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimsdorf" title="Rimsdorf">Rimsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringendorf" title="Ringendorf">Ringendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rittershoffen" title="Rittershoffen">Rittershoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%93schwoog" title="Rœschwoog">Rœschwoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohr,_Bas-Rhin" title="Rohr, Bas-Rhin">Rohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohrwiller" title="Rohrwiller">Rohrwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanswiller" title="Romanswiller">Romanswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roppenheim" title="Roppenheim">Roppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenwiller" title="Rosenwiller">Rosenwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossfeld" title="Rossfeld">Rossfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosteig" title="Rosteig">Rosteig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothau" title="Rothau">Rothau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothbach" title="Rothbach">Rothbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rott,_Bas-Rhin" title="Rott, Bas-Rhin">Rott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottelsheim" title="Rottelsheim">Rottelsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rountzenheim-Auenheim" title="Rountzenheim-Auenheim">Rountzenheim-Auenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ,_Bas-Rhin" title="Russ, Bas-Rhin">Russ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saales" title="Saales">Saales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saasenheim" title="Saasenheim">Saasenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saessolsheim" title="Saessolsheim">Saessolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Blaise-la-Roche" title="Saint-Blaise-la-Roche">Saint-Blaise-la-Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Saverne" title="Saint-Jean-Saverne">Saint-Jean-Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin,_Bas-Rhin" title="Saint-Martin, Bas-Rhin">Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Bas-Rhin" title="Saint-Maurice, Bas-Rhin">Saint-Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nabor" title="Saint-Nabor">Saint-Nabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_Bas-Rhin" title="Saint-Pierre, Bas-Rhin">Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Bois" title="Saint-Pierre-Bois">Saint-Pierre-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmbach" title="Salmbach">Salmbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand,_Bas-Rhin" title="Sand, Bas-Rhin">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarre-Union" title="Sarre-Union">Sarre-Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrewerden" title="Sarrewerden">Sarrewerden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulxures,_Bas-Rhin" title="Saulxures, Bas-Rhin">Saulxures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saverne" title="Saverne">Saverne</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeffersheim" title="Schaeffersheim">Schaeffersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhouse-pr%C3%A8s-Seltz" title="Schaffhouse-près-Seltz">Schaffhouse-près-Seltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalkendorf" title="Schalkendorf">Schalkendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scharrachbergheim-Irmstett" title="Scharrachbergheim-Irmstett">Scharrachbergheim-Irmstett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheibenhard" title="Scheibenhard">Scheibenhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scherlenheim" title="Scherlenheim">Scherlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scherwiller" title="Scherwiller">Scherwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schillersdorf" title="Schillersdorf">Schillersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiltigheim" title="Schiltigheim">Schiltigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schirmeck" title="Schirmeck">Schirmeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schirrhein" title="Schirrhein">Schirrhein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schirrhoffen" title="Schirrhoffen">Schirrhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleithal" title="Schleithal">Schleithal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnersheim" title="Schnersheim">Schnersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C5%93nau" title="Schœnau">Schœnau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C5%93nbourg" title="Schœnbourg">Schœnbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C5%93nenbourg" title="Schœnenbourg">Schœnenbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schopperten" title="Schopperten">Schopperten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweighouse-sur-Moder" title="Schweighouse-sur-Moder">Schweighouse-sur-Moder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenheim" title="Schwenheim">Schwenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwindratzheim" title="Schwindratzheim">Schwindratzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwobsheim" title="Schwobsheim">Schwobsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seebach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Seebach, Bas-Rhin">Seebach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Sélestat</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermersheim" title="Sermersheim">Sermersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessenheim" title="Sessenheim">Sessenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Siegen, Bas-Rhin">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siewiller" title="Siewiller">Siewiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltzheim" title="Siltzheim">Siltzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solbach" title="Solbach">Solbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommerau,_Bas-Rhin" title="Sommerau, Bas-Rhin">Sommerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souffelweyersheim" title="Souffelweyersheim">Souffelweyersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soufflenheim" title="Soufflenheim">Soufflenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soultz-les-Bains" title="Soultz-les-Bains">Soultz-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soultz-sous-For%C3%AAts" title="Soultz-sous-Forêts">Soultz-sous-Forêts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparsbach" title="Sparsbach">Sparsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stattmatten" title="Stattmatten">Stattmatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steige" title="Steige">Steige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinbourg" title="Steinbourg">Steinbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinseltz" title="Steinseltz">Steinseltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still,_Bas-Rhin" title="Still, Bas-Rhin">Still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotzheim" title="Stotzheim">Stotzheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struth" title="Struth">Struth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stundwiller" title="Stundwiller">Stundwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutzheim-Offenheim" title="Stutzheim-Offenheim">Stutzheim-Offenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundhouse" title="Sundhouse">Sundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surbourg" title="Surbourg">Surbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thal-Drulingen" title="Thal-Drulingen">Thal-Drulingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thal-Marmoutier" title="Thal-Marmoutier">Thal-Marmoutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanvill%C3%A9" title="Thanvillé">Thanvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieffenbach" title="Tieffenbach">Tieffenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traenheim" title="Traenheim">Traenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triembach-au-Val" title="Triembach-au-Val">Triembach-au-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Trimbach, Bas-Rhin">Trimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truchtersheim" title="Truchtersheim">Truchtersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhlwiller" title="Uhlwiller">Uhlwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhrwiller" title="Uhrwiller">Uhrwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbeis" title="Urbeis">Urbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmatt" title="Urmatt">Urmatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttenheim" title="Uttenheim">Uttenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttenhoffen" title="Uttenhoffen">Uttenhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttwiller" title="Uttwiller">Uttwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Moder" title="Val-de-Moder">Val-de-Moder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valff" title="Valff">Valff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vancelle" title="La Vancelle">La Vancelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendenheim" title="Vendenheim">Vendenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vill%C3%A9" title="Villé">Villé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%93llerdingen" title="Vœllerdingen">Vœllerdingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksberg" title="Volksberg">Volksberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahlenheim" title="Wahlenheim">Wahlenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbourg" title="Walbourg">Walbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldersbach" title="Waldersbach">Waldersbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldhambach,_Bas-Rhin" title="Waldhambach, Bas-Rhin">Waldhambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldolwisheim" title="Waldolwisheim">Waldolwisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltenheim-sur-Zorn" title="Waltenheim-sur-Zorn">Waltenheim-sur-Zorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Wangen, Bas-Rhin">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangenbourg-Engenthal" title="Wangenbourg-Engenthal">Wangenbourg-Engenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Wantzenau" title="La Wantzenau">La Wantzenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasselonne" title="Wasselonne">Wasselonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinbourg" title="Weinbourg">Weinbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weislingen" title="Weislingen">Weislingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitbruch" title="Weitbruch">Weitbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiterswiller" title="Weiterswiller">Weiterswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoffen" title="Westhoffen">Westhoffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhouse" title="Westhouse">Westhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhouse-Marmoutier" title="Westhouse-Marmoutier">Westhouse-Marmoutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyer,_Bas-Rhin" title="Weyer, Bas-Rhin">Weyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyersheim" title="Weyersheim">Weyersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickersheim-Wilshausen" title="Wickersheim-Wilshausen">Wickersheim-Wilshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildersbach" title="Wildersbach">Wildersbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willgottheim" title="Willgottheim">Willgottheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilwisheim" title="Wilwisheim">Wilwisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimmenau" title="Wimmenau">Wimmenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windstein" title="Windstein">Windstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingen,_Bas-Rhin" title="Wingen, Bas-Rhin">Wingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingen-sur-Moder" title="Wingen-sur-Moder">Wingen-sur-Moder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingersheim-les-Quatre-Bans" title="Wingersheim-les-Quatre-Bans">Wingersheim-les-Quatre-Bans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintershouse" title="Wintershouse">Wintershouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintzenbach" title="Wintzenbach">Wintzenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintzenheim-Kochersberg" title="Wintzenheim-Kochersberg">Wintzenheim-Kochersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisches" title="Wisches">Wisches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witternheim" title="Witternheim">Witternheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittersheim" title="Wittersheim">Wittersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittisheim" title="Wittisheim">Wittisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiwersheim" title="Wiwersheim">Wiwersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%93rth" title="Wœrth">Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfisheim" title="Wolfisheim">Wolfisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfskirchen" title="Wolfskirchen">Wolfskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolschheim" title="Wolschheim">Wolschheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolxheim" title="Wolxheim">Wolxheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zehnacker" title="Zehnacker">Zehnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeinheim" title="Zeinheim">Zeinheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellwiller" title="Zellwiller">Zellwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinswiller" title="Zinswiller">Zinswiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zittersheim" title="Zittersheim">Zittersheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alsace_topics" title="Template talk:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/45px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> topics <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alsace_(historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Administrative_divisions" title="Alsace">Administrative<br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strasbourg</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Unterelsa%C3%9F" title="Unterelsaß">Unterelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Haguenau-Wissembourg" title="Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg">Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Molsheim" title="Arrondissement of Molsheim">Arrondissement of Molsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saverne" title="Arrondissement of Saverne">Arrondissement of Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_S%C3%A9lestat-Erstein" title="Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein">Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Arrondissement of Strasbourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Oberelsa%C3%9F" title="Oberelsaß">Oberelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Altkirch" title="Arrondissement of Altkirch">Arrondissement of Altkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Colmar-Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé">Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Mulhouse" title="Arrondissement of Mulhouse">Arrondissement of Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thann-Guebwiller" title="Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller">Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/100px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/150px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/200px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/100px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/200px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1655" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Culture" title="Alsace">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alsace" title="Flag of Alsace">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els%C3%A4ssisches_Fahnenlied" title="Elsässisches Fahnenlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians#Alsatians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Demographics" title="Alsace">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace" title="Kelsch d'Alsace">Kelsch</a></li> <li><i>Musée alsacien</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Haguenau)" title="Musée alsacien (Haguenau)">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)">Strasbourg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional council of Alsace">Regional council of Alsace</a> (1982–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> (since 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Collectivity_of_Alsace" title="European Collectivity of Alsace">European Collectivity of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Alsace" title="Assembly of Alsace">Assembly of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Religion" title="Alsace">Religion</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Local law in Alsace–Moselle">according</a> to the<br />1801 <a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Concordat in Alsace–Moselle">Concordat in<br />Alsace–Moselle</a>, <br /><i>including <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></i>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg">Archdiocese of Strasbourg</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exemption (canon law)">Immediately subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></small> <ul><li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Diocese of Metz</a>)</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judaism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alsace" title="History of the Jews in Alsace">History of the Jews in Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">consistories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Grand_Est" title="Category:Sport in Grand Est">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RC_Strasbourg_Alsace" title="RC Strasbourg Alsace">RC Strasbourg Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Strasbourg" title="SIG Strasbourg">SIG Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC_Schiltigheim" title="SC Schiltigheim">SC Schiltigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_S%C3%A9lestat" title="FC Sélestat">FC Sélestat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat_Alsace_Handball" title="Sélestat Alsace Handball">Sélestat Alsace Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Vendenheim" title="FC Vendenheim">FC Vendenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_Noire_de_Strasbourg" title="Étoile Noire de Strasbourg">Étoile Noire de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationaux_de_Strasbourg" title="Internationaux de Strasbourg">Internationaux de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_de_France_Alsace" title="Rallye de France Alsace">Rallye de France Alsace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_Alsace-Vosges" title="Rallye Alsace-Vosges">Rallye Alsace-Vosges</a></li></ul></li> <li>See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Alsace_de_Bagnolet" title="Alsace de Bagnolet">Alsace de Bagnolet</a></i> (Paris)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#History" title="Alsace">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a> (<i>Pagus Alsatiae</i>) (83–475) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum">Argentoratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Romane_d%27Alsace" title="Route Romane d'Alsace">Route Romane d'Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> (circa 213–496)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a> (3rd-century–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Alsace" title="Duchy of Alsace">Duchy of Alsace</a> (circa 630–699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg</a> (982–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ferrette" title="County of Ferrette">County of Ferrette</a> (11th-century–14th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> (1165−1793)</li> <li>Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Alsace" title="Lower Alsace">Lower Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Alsace" title="Upper Alsace">Upper Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (13th-century–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a> (1354–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg">County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (1456–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500-1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_of_the_Rhine" title="Left Bank of the Rhine">Left Bank of the Rhine</a> (1814-1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Gau Baden-Elsaß</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> (1945–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template talk:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial cities</a> of the <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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