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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Użycie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Użycie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Użycie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Użycie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Użycie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Użycie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opcje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opcje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Opcje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opcje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przykłady" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przykłady"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przykłady</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Przykłady-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Przykłady</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Przykłady-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dowiązania_symboliczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dowiązania_symboliczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dowiązania symboliczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dowiązania_symboliczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Linki zewnętrzne</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strony_man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strony_man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Strony man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strony_man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">ln (Unix)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 23 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%86_(%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3)" title="إل إن (يونكس) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إل إن (يونكس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="Ln (یونیکس) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="Ln (یونیکس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4)" title="Ln (유닉스) – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ln (유닉스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8)" title="एलएन (यूनिक्स) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलएन (यूनिक्स)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94)" title="Ln (פקודה) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Ln (פקודה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="Ln (იუნიქსი) – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ln (იუნიქსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(UNIX)" title="Ln (UNIX) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ln (UNIX)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(kommando)" title="Ln (kommando) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ln (kommando)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix) – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ln (Unix)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19026#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Ln_(Unix)" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Ln_(Unix)" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&oldid=73192207" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Ln_%28Unix%29&id=73192207&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLn_%28Unix%29"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLn_%28Unix%29"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>ln</b> – <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">uniksowy</a> program służący do tworzenia dowiązań <a href="/wiki/Dowi%C4%85zanie_twarde" title="Dowiązanie twarde">twardych</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Dowi%C4%85zanie_symboliczne" title="Dowiązanie symboliczne">symbolicznych</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Użycie"><span id="U.C5.BCycie"></span>Użycie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Użycie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Użycie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <pre>ln [<i>opcje</i>] <i>źródło</i> <i>cel</i> </pre> <p>gdzie: </p> <dl><dd><i>źródło</i> – plik lub pliki, do których tworzy się dowiązania;</dd> <dd><i>cel</i> – nazwa pliku lub katalogu; jeśli <i>cel</i> jest nazwą pliku, stworzony zostanie link o konkretnej – podanej nazwie, jeśli zaś <i>cel</i> jest folderem zostaną w nim utworzone dowiązania do <i>źródła</i>, o nazwach identycznych z nazwami źródłowymi plików.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opcje">Opcje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Opcje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Opcje"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single UNIX Specification</a> definiuje dwie opcje: </p> <dl><dd>-s – tworzy dowiązania symboliczne zamiast twardych;</dd> <dd>-f – wymusza (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">force</em>) tworzenie dowiązań, nawet, gdy istnieją już pliki o tej samej nazwie (nadpisuje je).</dd></dl> <p>Wersja z <a href="/wiki/GNU_Coreutils" title="GNU Coreutils">GNU Coreutils</a> dopuszcza także m.in.: </p> <dl><dd>-b – tworzy kopie zapasowe plików (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">backup</em>);</dd> <dd>-v – wyświetla szczegółowe informacje (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">verbose mode</em>).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przykłady"><span id="Przyk.C5.82ady"></span>Przykłady</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przykłady" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przykłady"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <pre>ln abc def </pre> <p>Tworzy w pliku def dowiązanie twarde do pliku abc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dowiązania_symboliczne"><span id="Dowi.C4.85zania_symboliczne"></span>Dowiązania symboliczne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Dowiązania symboliczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Dowiązania symboliczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeżeli w pustym katalogu test utworzony zostanie plik źródło o treści abc: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-ali <span class="w"> </span>total<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969797</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:10<span class="w"> </span>. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1036602</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:10<span class="w"> </span>.. <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span>abc<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>źródło <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-ali <span class="w"> </span>total<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">12</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969797</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1036602</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:10<span class="w"> </span>.. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969768</span><span class="w"> </span>-rw-r--r--<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>źródło </pre></div> <p>to liczba <a href="/wiki/Zliczanie_referencji" title="Zliczanie referencji">reference count</a> zwiększy się z 8 do 12, a dane zostaną zapisane pod <a href="/wiki/I-w%C4%99ze%C5%82" title="I-węzeł">i-węzłem</a> np. 969768. </p><p>Jeżeli następnie w tym samym katalogu stworzy się dowiązanie symboliczne link: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>ln<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>źródło<span class="w"> </span>link <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-ali <span class="w"> </span>total<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">12</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969797</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1036602</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:10<span class="w"> </span>.. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969768</span><span class="w"> </span>-rw-r--r--<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>źródło <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969817</span><span class="w"> </span>lrwxrwxrwx<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>link<span class="w"> </span>-><span class="w"> </span>źródło </pre></div> <p>to liczba reference count nie zwiększy się, ale link zostanie zapisany pod innym i-węzłem, tu np. 969817. </p><p>Teraz można przekonać się, że plik link jest dowiązaniem symbolicznym: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>file<span class="w"> </span>link <span class="w"> </span>link:<span class="w"> </span>dowiązanie<span class="w"> </span>symboliczne<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sb">`</span>źródło<span class="sb">`</span> </pre></div> <p>a także odczytać jego zawartość: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>cat<span class="w"> </span>link <span class="w"> </span>abc </pre></div> <p>jednakże, gdyby usunąć plik źródło, odczyt taki byłby niemożliwy: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>rm<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>źródło <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-ali <span class="w"> </span>total<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969797</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:36<span class="w"> </span>. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1036602</span><span class="w"> </span>drwxr-xr-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4096</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:32<span class="w"> </span>.. <span class="w"> </span><span class="m">969817</span><span class="w"> </span>lrwxrwxrwx<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span>Dec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">09</span>:11<span class="w"> </span>link<span class="w"> </span>-><span class="w"> </span>źródło <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>file<span class="w"> </span>link <span class="w"> </span>link:<span class="w"> </span>zerwane<span class="w"> </span>dowiązanie<span class="w"> </span>symboliczne<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sb">`</span>źródło<span class="sb">`</span> <span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>cat<span class="w"> </span>link <span class="w"> </span>cat:<span class="w"> </span>link:<span class="w"> </span>Nie<span class="w"> </span>ma<span class="w"> </span>takiego<span class="w"> </span>pliku<span class="w"> </span>lub<span class="w"> </span>katalogu </pre></div> <p>Gdyby jednak link był dowiązaniem twardym, to dane byłyby nadal dostępne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/ln.html">ln</a> -- specyfikacja Single Unix Specification</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strony_man">Strony man</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Strony man" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ln_(Unix)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Strony man"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/ln-invocation.html">ln</a> -- strona manuala z <a href="/wiki/GNU_Coreutils" title="GNU Coreutils">GNU Coreutils</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Man_(Unix)" title="Man (Unix)">strona podręcznika</a> systemu <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.die.net/doc/linux/man/man1/ln.1.html">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Man_(Unix)" title="Man (Unix)">strona podręcznika</a> systemu <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Polecenia_Unix" title="Szablon:Polecenia Unix"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Polecenia_Unix" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Polecenia Unix"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Polecenia_Unix&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Polecenia_systemu_operacyjnego_Unix" title="Polecenia systemu operacyjnego Unix">Polecenia systemów operacyjnych Unix</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">System plików</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_(Unix)" title="Cat (Unix)">cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cmp_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cmp (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">cmp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cp_(Unix)" title="Cp (Unix)">cp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dd_(Unix)" title="Dd (Unix)">dd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_(Unix)" title="Du (Unix)">du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Df_(Unix)" title="Df (Unix)">df</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(Unix)" title="File (Unix)">file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fsck" title="Fsck">fsck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuser" title="Fuser">fuser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls_(Unix)" title="Ls (Unix)">ls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount" title="Mount">mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mv_(Unix)" title="Mv (Unix)">mv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pax_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pax (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwd_(informatyka)" title="Pwd (informatyka)">pwd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rm_(Unix)" title="Rm (Unix)">rm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee" title="Tee">tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(Unix)" title="Touch (Unix)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_(polecenie)" title="Tree (polecenie)">tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_(Unix)" title="Type (Unix)">type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umask" title="Umask">umask</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Procesy</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(Unix)" title="At (Unix)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bg_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bg (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">bg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">cron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fg_(Unix)" title="Fg (Unix)">fg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(polecenie)" title="Kill (polecenie)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killall" title="Killall">killall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_(Unix)" title="Nice (Unix)">nice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pgrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pgrep (strona nie istnieje)">pgrep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pkill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pkill (strona nie istnieje)">pkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ps" title="Ps">ps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pstree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pstree (strona nie istnieje)">pstree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_(polecenie)" title="Time (polecenie)">time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_(Unix)" title="Top (Unix)">top</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Środowisko użytkownika</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clear" title="Clear">clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exit_(command)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exit (command) (strona nie istnieje)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_(protok%C3%B3%C5%82)" title="Finger (protokół)">finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_(Unix)" title="History (Unix)">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesg" title="Mesg">mesg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passwd" title="Passwd">passwd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Su_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Su (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudo" title="Sudo">sudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(informatyka)" title="Talk (informatyka)">talk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tput&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tput (strona nie istnieje)">tput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_(Unix)" title="W (Unix)">w</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_(Unix)" title="Wall (Unix)">wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Przetwarzanie tekstu</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(Unix)" title="Banner (Unix)">banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comm (strona nie istnieje)">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Csplit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Csplit (strona nie istnieje)">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed" title="Ed">ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_(Unix)" title="Ex (Unix)">ex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fold_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fold (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Join_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Join (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Less_(Unix)" title="Less (Unix)">less</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(polecenie)" title="More (polecenie)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nl_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nl (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf" title="Printf">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_(program)" title="Sed (program)">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(polecenie)" title="Sort (polecenie)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(program)" title="Vi (program)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_(Unix)" title="Yes (Unix)">yes</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Wbudowane w powłokę</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(Unix)" title="Alias (Unix)">alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(polecenie_systemowe)" title="Cd (polecenie systemowe)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(polecenie)" title="Echo (polecenie)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unset" title="Unset">unset</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wait_(polecenie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wait (polecenie) (strona nie istnieje)">wait</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Komunikacja</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dig_(polecenie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dig (polecenie) (strona nie istnieje)">dig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Host_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Host (Unix) (strona nie istnieje)">host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifconfig" title="Ifconfig">ifconfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inetd" title="Inetd">inetd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat">netcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping" title="Ping">ping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rdate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rdate (strona nie istnieje)">rdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rlogin" title="Rlogin">rlogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_(polecenie)" title="Route (polecenie)">route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traceroute" title="Traceroute">traceroute</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Wyszukiwanie</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Find" title="Find">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whereis" title="Whereis">whereis</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Dokumentacja</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_(Unix)" title="Man (Unix)">man</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Różne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bc_(Unix)" title="Bc (Unix)">bc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dc_(informatyka)" title="Dc (informatyka)">dc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_(Unix)" title="Cal (Unix)">cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expr_(Unix)" title="Expr (Unix)">expr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_(Unix)" title="False (Unix)">false</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lp_(Unix)" title="Lp (Unix)">lp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_(UNIX)" title="Od (UNIX)">od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_(Unix)" title="Sleep (Unix)">sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_(Unix)" title="True (Unix)">true</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" 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